Chapter II: Part 2

DRAFT GEARING FOR DRAWING FRAMES

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DRAWING FRAMES.

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DIAGRAM.

A Electric Roll Gear, 24 Teeth for Common Rolls, 20 Teeth for Metallic Rolls. B Off End Back Roll Gear. 24 Teeth for Common Rolls, 29 Teeth for Metallic Rolls. *C Small Double Intermediate, driving 3d Roll. D Large Double Intermediate, driving 3d Roll, 40 Teeth for Common Rolls, 36 Teeth for Metallic Rolls. E Off End 3d Roll Gear, 24 Teeth. *F Off End 2d Roll Gear. *G Small Double Intermediate, driving 2d Roll. *H Large Double Intermediate, driving 2d Roll. I Off End Front Roll Gear, 20 Teeth. J Back Roll Gear, 45 to 80 Teeth. K Draft Change Gear, 45 to 70 Teeth. *L Crown Gear. *M Front Roll Gear. N Front Roll Calender Driving Gear, 16 Teeth for Common Rolls, 19 Teeth for Metallic Rolls. O and P Double Intermediate Gear, 52 and 91 Teeth for 10-in. Coiler, 62 and 108 Teeth for 12-in. Coiler. Q Calender Roll Gear, 58, 59, 60 Teeth for Common Rolls, 52, 53, 54 Teeth for Metallic Rolls. R Coiler Horizontal Shaft Gear, 21 to 26 Teeth (driven by O through Carrier Gear). S Tube Wheel, 75 Teeth for 10-in. Coiler, 98 Teeth for 122 in. Coiler. T Coiler Vertical Shaft, Top Bevel Gear, 32 Teeth for 10 in. Coiler, 37 Teeth for 12-in. Coiler.

NOTE--For teeth on gears marked * refer to table on page 96.

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DRAWING FRAMES.

DRAFT CALCULATIONS.

The above figures are for Total Draft up to and including the 3-in. dia. Calender Rolls. When Graduated Pitch Metallic Rolls are used, and it is desired to figure drafts between them, the following equivalents are approximately correct:

1-3/8-in. dia. Roll, 32 pitch, taken as 11/6-in. or 1.83-in. dia. 1-1/4-in. dia. Roll, 32 pitch, taken as 10/6-in. or 1.67-in. dia. 1-1/8-in. dia. Roll, 32 pitch, taken as 9/6-in. or 1.50-in. dia. 1-in. dia. Roll, 32 pitch, taken as 8/6-in. or 1.33-in. dia. 1-1/8-in. dia. Roll, 16 pitch, taken as 10/6-in. or 1. 67-in. dia. 1-in dia. Roll, 16 pitch, taken as 9/6-in. or 1.50-in. dia.

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PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS

The greater production with Metallic Rolls over Common Rolls for a given number of revs. is due to the meshing of the flutes, which increases the effective circum. of the rolls about 33 per cent. This accounts for the difference in the gears driving the Calender Rolls.

Short rules for production in 10 hours based on 20 per cent. allowance for stops, etc., and 1-3/8 in. dia. front bottom roll.

Common Rolls--.852 x R. P. M. of Front Roll x Wt. of Sliver in grains = Lbs. in 10 hours.

Metallic Rolls--1.126 x R. P. M. of Front Roll x Wt. of Sliver in grains = Lbs. in 10 hours.

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DRAWING FRAMES.

GEARING COMBINATIONS, DRAFT CONSTANTS AND DRAFTS FOR MACHINES WITH 1-3/8-IN. FRONT ROLL.

The above constant and drafts are figured up to and including the 3-in. Calender Rolls. Draft Gear K is the usual change gear.

When making extreme draft changes the best results will be obtained by following the above arrangements of gearing.

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TABLE FOR NUMBERING CARD OR DRAWING SLIVERS.

8.333/Wt. in grains of 1 yd. of Sliver = Hank. 8.333/Hank = Wt. in grains of 1 yd. of Sliver. 100/Wt. in grains of 12 yds. of Sliver = Hank. Refer to Table of Dividends, page 233. {98}

SECTION OF DRAWING FRAME SHOWING ELECTRIC STOP MOTIONS

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EXPLANATION OF ELECTRIC STOP MOTIONS.

Our improved Magneto or Dynamo for producing current to operate the Stop Motions is designed on the "Induction" principle, so that the current is generated in the stationary winding, and no brushes or collectors are needed. This type of machine is very simple, requires little attention, and gives a steady current, no matter how much dirt, lint or oil collects on same.

The Drawing Frame is divided into two parts by means of insulations (indicated by the solid black portions of cut on opposite page). One part, shown with double cross lines, is connected to the Magneto through the down-rod A, and the other part through the down-rod B.

It will be seen that in the case of each Stop Motion the parts are kept from touching each other by cotton passing between them (cotton being a non-conductor of electricity) or are brought into contact with each other by rollers lapping up or by the pressure of the cotton in the full cans.

The machine stops when the electric circuit is completed, allowing the current to flow through Magnet T, which attracts finger U into engagement with Revolving Clutch V, and by a mechanical arrangement shifts the belt on to the loose pulley.

As the frame stops, the part X forces the finger U away from the Clutch, and the current is broken by the piece Y which moves out of contact with the spring Z. When the frame is running, Y is in contact with both the springs Z and J. As the machine stops, the movement of Y takes it out of contact with Z, but J should always press against Y.

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STOP MOTION No. 1--C is the top electric roll which rests in Cap Bar D, and E is the bottom electric roll. As long as the sliver remains between the rolls they are kept apart and there is no circuit. When the sliver breaks or a can runs out the rolls come together and the frame knocks off.

STOP MOTION No.2--The Top Clearer Cover H has a screw K on the under side. If the cotton laps around the top or bottom front roll, the top roll is lifted and comes in contact with screw K, which completes the circuit and the machine stops.

STOP MOTION No. 3--The cotton sliver prevents the calender rolls L and M from touching each other. If the sliver breaks, the rolls touch and the machine stops instantly.

STOP MOTION No. 4--When the cans at the front are full and cotton presses against the coiler top N, it is lifted into contact with the spring O, and the circuit is completed, stopping the machine.

STOP MOTION No.5--The Underclearer P presses against the bottom electric roll E. In case the cotton laps around E or P, the screw Q is lifted and touches the Back Plate G, completes the circuit and the frame knocks off.

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SLUBBING FRAME (RIGHT HAND)

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

These frames are so well known to the users of Cotton Machinery that no general description is necessary. They have extra heavy framing, are made entirely by special tools, and all parts are exact duplicates. They are of superior construction and finish, and will stand the highest speeds without vibration or breakage. They contain many valuable patented improvements, some of which are described below.

PATENT SWING--Well supported and with one (large) Carrier Gear only.

IMPROVED DIFFERENTIAL MOTION--This motion effects a great saving in power, wear and tear, and gives more accurate winding and consequently evener and better work. See page 106.

IMPROVED LAY GEARING dispenses with all bevel change gears, gives two change places instead of one, is simple and convenient, and allows free access to the main gearing. See page 109.

IMPROVED METHOD OF LIFTING AND LOWERING BOTTOM CONE DRUM--Both ends of the cone are raised or lowered together from the front of the machine. The belt is kept at a uniform tension from one end of the cone to the other. A patent locking device secures the cone in its proper working position, after doffing, preventing all movement or vibration.

IMPROVED METHOD OF TIGHTENING THE CONE BELT does away with frequent taking-up. When slack, the belt may be tightened in a few moments by means of a Quadrant Bracket. Over 5 in. of stretch can be taken care of without re-piecing. A great saving is effected in labor, stoppages and cone belts.

WINDING BACK THE RACK AND CONE BELT is done from the front of the machine.

IMPROVED SYSTEM OF BALANCING THE TOP OR BOBBIN RAIL--This rail, with its gearing, collars, bobbins, etc., is now supported under its center of gravity by a set of levers, thus relieving the slides and racks of this weight. This system prevents friction and wear of slides, also the tendency to dwell at the changes of the traverse both top and bottom.

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ROVING FRAME (RIGHT HAND)

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If slides wear, the Long Collars tilt forward, the top rail, spindles, bobbins and flyers vibrate, causing bad work and loss of production. This is prevented by our improved system.

PATENT REVERSING AND LET-OFF MOTION entirely prevents the roving running over the ends on the changes. The speed of the bobbin changes simultaneously with the reversal of the lifting rail and thus overcomes the liability of stretching the roving.

FULL BOBBIN STOP MOTION is very effective in its action and prevents overfilling the bobbins. The frame cannot be started after the completion of a set until doffed and the rack has been wound back.

IMPROVED TOP CLEARERS--These are made of polished steel, very light and easy to clean. The hinging is so arranged that any clearer can be easily removed.

LONG COLLARS OR BOLSTERS are fastened in a vertical position by an improved method which prevents their working loose. They are bored throughout their entire length, thus reducing the liability of dirt accumulating inside and causing the spindles to bind.

PATENT RECESSED SELF-LUBRICATING SPINDLE FOOT--This has proved one of the most successful inventions, and is in extensive use. It ensures constant lubrication, prevents wear, and is easily kept clean.

BEARINGS INLAID WITH BRASS--All Bobbin and Spindle Shaft Bearings, Roller Stands and Slides are inlaid with brass.

DRIVING ENDS OF BOBBIN AND SPINDLE SHAFTS are case hardened and are in short lengths, so that they can be easily taken out even when frames are placed end to end with narrow passages between them. This is a great convenience, as it avoids the necessity of having to remove a great many shaft gears. The shafts can be lifted out with the gears on them.

AUTOMATIC PANEL LOCKING ARRANGEMENT prevents the frame from being started if any of the gearing end panels are not in place.

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DIFFERENTIAL MOTION

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IMPROVED DIFFERENTIAL MOTION.

All the gears on the Jack Shaft revolve in the same direction as the shaft itself. This reduces considerably the work the cone belt has to do, saves power, and gives more accurate winding and evener and better work.

A1 (40 teeth) drives the Spindle Shafts and S1 (50 teeth) drives the Bobbin Shafts. The gears on the Spindle and Bobbin Shafts are alike, i. e., they have the same number of teeth.

As the cut shows the number of teeth in all the gears of the Differential, it will readily be seen that if Q and Q1 are held stationary, the speed of S1 will be retarded 1 rev. for every 5 revs. the Jack Shaft makes, and the spindles and bobbins will be running at the same speed, no winding taking place. Winding is produced by the bobbins running faster than the spindles, therefore Q, which is driven from the bottom cone through carrier gears, must revolve. Its speed changes as the bobbins increase in diameter, being governed by the position of the cone belt, which is shifted slightly as each layer is put on the bobbins.

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CASING-OFF PLATES--The Front Casing-off Plates for Bobbin and Spindle Shafts are made of polished steel and are circular in shape. They are light, strong, cannot be broken, and are easily kept clean.

IMPROVED CAP BARS--Cast-iron Cap Bars give trouble on account of the fingers being twisted, and frequent breakages. The illustrations show the construction of our improved Cap Bar, which entirely obviates these difficulties. Figure 1 is a back view of our Cap Bar applied to a machine with four spindles in a box, and Figure 2 an end view of same. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show enlarged details.

IMPROVED CAP BARS

The Cap Bars are fastened to the Roller Stands by brackets which are independent of the slides, and consequently the rolls can be set without moving the Cap Bars. When resetting the rolls it is only necessary to adjust the nebs for the middle and back lines, as the front nebs do not have to be disturbed.

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IMPROVED LAY GEARING.

To facilitate making changes in the Lay Gears, we have provided two change places instead of one. Formerly it was the practice to change the gear on the end of the Reversing Shaft or the one between the Reversing Bevels.

In order to bring the change gears into a more convenient position and at the same time increase the range, we have introduced two additional spur gears. One of these is now the regular change gear, and is on a stud carried by an adjustable Quadrant Bracket. The short shaft carrying the bevel gears is now in a horizontal position instead of vertical.

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Besides providing for two change places, this improvement dispenses with the Back Cross Rail and allows free access to the main gearing. Any part of the gearing can be taken out and replaced with ease.

There is no longer any necessity of changing any bevel gears. There are two spur gear changes, either of which may be used and which give a very wide range. The entire arrangement is very simple and convenient.

Other sizes of Spindles, Long Collars, Bobbin Gear Tops and Rolls will be supplied when necessary.

DRIVING PULLEYS are usually 16 in. dia., 3 in. face.

SPEEDS--See pages 111 and 112.

PRODUCTION--See pages 113 to 117.

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SPEED TABLE.

SLUBBING AND INTERMEDIATE FRAMES

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SPEED TABLE.

ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

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SLUBBING FRAMES.

PRODUCTION PER DAY OF TEN HOURS.

NOTE--The above table is based on ordinary twist, 1.20 x square root of hank, with an allowance of 15 minutes per set for doffing and stops.

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INTERMEDIATE FRAMES.

PRODUCTION PER DAY OF TEN HOURS.

NOTE--The above table is based on ordinary twist, 1.20 x square root of hank, with an allowance of 15 minutes per set for doffing and stops.

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ROVING FRAMES.

PRODUCTION PER DAY OF TEN HOURS

NOTE--The above table is based on ordinary twist, 1.20 x square root of hank, with an allowance of 15 minutes per set for doffing and stops.

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ROVING FRAMES.

PRODUCTION PER DAY OF TEN HOURS.

NOTE--The above table is based on ordinary twist, 1.20 x square root of hank, with an allowance of 15 minutes per set for doffing and stops.

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JACK FRAMES.

PRODUCTION PER DAY OF TEN HOURS.

NOTE--The above table is based on ordinary twist, 1.20 x square root of hank, with an allowance of 15 minutes per set for doffing and stops.

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FLOOR PLANS OF SPEEDERS. SLUBBING FRAME R.H. INTER, FRAME R.H. ROVING FRAME R.H.

NOTE--The HAND of a speeder is determined by the end on which the driving pulley is located when facing the spindles.

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LENGTHS OVER ALL OF SLUBBING FRAMES.

NOTE--If the projection of fender bracket be taken into account, add 2 inches to the above lengths.

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LENGTHS OVER ALL OF INTERMEDIATE FRAMES.

NOTE--If the projection of fender bracket be taken into account add 2 inches to the above lengths.

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LENGTHS OVER ALL OF ROVING FRAMES.

NOTE--If the projection of fender bracket be taken into account, add 2 inches to the above lengths.

If double boss rolls, the number of spindles must divide by four.

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LENGTHS OVER ALL OF JACK FRAMES.

NOTE--If the projection of fender bracket be taken into account, add 2 inches to the above lengths.

If double boss rolls, the number of spindles must divide by four.

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FRONT ELEVATION OF HEAD END GEARING--ROVING FRAME

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ELEVATION AND SECTION OF HEAD END GEARING--ROVING FRAME

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ROVING FRAMES.

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DRAWINGS

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ROVING FRAMES-CONTINUED.

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DRAWINGS.

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

DRAFT CALCULATIONS.

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The following table may be used in calculating the required Laps per Inch on Bobbin for any given hank roving:

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1 hank or below, 7.5 x square root of hank = Laps per Inch

1 hank to 2 hanks, 8.5 x square root of hank = Laps per Inch

2 hanks to 3 hanks, 9.5 x square root of hank = Laps per Inch

3 hanks to 4 hanks, 10.0 x square root of hank = Laps per Inch

4 hanks and above, 10.5 x square root of hank = Laps per Inch

Good results are obtained by using 9.3 x square root of hank. TAPER AND TENSION CALCULATIONS.

It is difficult to give hard and fast rules for figuring the Taper and Tension Gears, as the required number of teeth on these gears is affected by the kind of stock, length of staple, amount of twist, temperature and humidity.

PRODUCTION CALCULATIONS.

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

DRAFT TABLES.

NOTE-The above is for front and back rolls the same dia.

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

KEY TO TWIST TABLES.

(See pages 132 and 133 for complete Twist Tables.)

Combinations Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are for Slubbing and Intermediate Frames with 1-1/4-inch dia. Front Roll. Combinations Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are for Roving and Jack Frames with 1-1/4-inch dia. Front Roll. Combinations Nos. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are for Roving and Jack Frames with 1-1/8-inch dia. Front Roll.

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES--TWIST TABLES.

(See page 131 for key to these tables.)

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES-TWIST TABLES.

(See page 131 for key to these tables.)

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SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING AND JACK FRAMES.

LAY GEARING AND CONSTANTS.

There are two change gears in the lay combination, the Reversing Shaft Change Gear Z2 and the Lay Change Gear W1. Although we have given the full list of Lay Gearing in the above table, only the gears marked * are variable, the others being the same for all frames. The regular change gear is W1 and the table on the next page gives lay constants for a range of Reversing Shaft Change Gears Z2 from 14 to 22 inclusive. To find the correct lay constant select the proper {135} Lay Gearing Combination from the nine given above, note the number of teeth on the Reversing Shaft Change Gear Z2 and take the constant which corresponds in the table below. For example, the lay constant for a frame with gearing like No.4 combination and a 16 T. Reversing Shaft Change Gear is 437.9. This divided by the number of teeth on the Lay Change Gear W1 will give the laps per inch on the bobbin.

TABLE OF LAY CONSTANTS FOR GEARING COMBINATIONS No.1, No.9 AND REVERSING SHAFT CHANGE GEARS 14 TO 22 T.

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ROVING TABLE.

FOR NUMBERING BY THE WEIGHT, IN GRAINS, OF 12 YARDS; AND SHOWING TWIST PER INCH.

(Square Root X 1. 20)

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ROVING TABLE--CONTINUED.

FOR NUMBERING BY THE WEIGHT, IN GRAINS, OF 12 YARDS; AND SHOWING TWIST PER INCH

(Square Root X 1.20)

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RING SPINNING FRAME--HEAD END

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RING SPINNING FRAMES.

The introduction of these machines was preceded by a careful study of what had already been done in Spinning Frame design.

Our Improved Ring Spinning Frames are made from entirely new patterns, and not only combine the best features previously brought out in such machines, but also many new ideas and improvements which have proved of great benefit to both manufacturers and spinners.

Although these frames were only introduced a few years ago, they are very extensively used, and the demand is steadily increasing. All parts are machined and most of them are made by specially designed tools.

We give below a description of the construction and chief points of advantage of these machines.

LOW FRAMING AND CONSTRUCTION--The Frames are built very low, are extra heavy in all their principal parts, and are designed and constructed so as to stand high speeds without vibration, thus preserving the spindles, ensuring light running and reducing the cost of repairs.

SPINDLE RAILS--These are of the box pattern, specially heavy, and designed to prevent springing, twisting and vibration.

LIFTING RODS--The Lifting Rods, as will be seen in the several illustrations, do not have any foot castings attached to them. They can therefore be easily taken out, cleaned and put back without the necessity of readjustment. These rods are accurately turned and finished by a special process to prevent sticking. The Wave Shaft Arms are designed so that the Ring Rails can be easily leveled by means of adjusting screws.

CREELS--The Creels are constructed with large diameter supporting rods so as to ensure rigidity, reduce vibration and prevent stretching the roving.

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DOUBLE ADJUSTABLE RING IN PLATE HOLDER

DOUBLE RING IN CAST-IRON HOLDER, WITH PATENT CONCEALED TRAVELER CLEARER

SOLID SINGLE FLANGE RINGS

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FLUTED ROLLS--These steel rolls are carefully and accurately made from superior stock by special machinery. They have large Necks and Squares and are irregularly fluted so as not to cut the Top Rolls.

TOP ROLLS--These have taper ends or pivots, and the Cap Bar Nebs are milled to correspond, thus making it easy to pick the ends and keep them clean.

CAP BARS--These are made with steel fingers which do not break. The upper surface of each finger is flat. The Cap Bar Nebs, which slide on the fingers, are milled and are fastened in position by cap or frog screws so that they cannot twist or get out of place. This arrangement enables the Top Rolls to be accurately set, and makes it much more easy to see the necks of the Bottom Rolls and keep them properly lubricated without removing the Top Rolls or Cap Bars.

RE-LEVELLING--This is now an easy matter and quickly done. Packing up the feet is no longer necessary. The foot of each Spring Piece is provided with a shoe and jack screw, by which it can be raised or lowered to meet any unevenness in the floor.

TRAVERSE RODS AND GUIDES--Iron Traverse Rods are applied, to which are attached adjustable Brass Trumpet Guides.

ADJUSTABLE THREAD BOARDS--Our Thread Boards are adjustable. They can be raised or lowered so as to give, within reasonable limits, any required distance between the Spindle points and Thread Guides.

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RING SPINNING FRAME-FOOT END

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RINGS--We furnish Single Flange Rings, Double Rings in cast iron Holders, with or without Patent Wire Traveler Clearers, or Double Adjustable Rings in Plate Holders with Traveler Clearers. All Rings are made and finished in the most accurate manner, from a special grade of steel and hardened by improved methods.

SPINDLES--We supply any of the latest improved types of Spindles.

SEPARATORS--We supply the Rhodes-Chandler, Sharples, Doyle or H. & B. (our own). See description, page 153.

SADDLES--The Dixon ordinary, Dixon adjustable or common Saddles are applied as required.

LEVER SCREWS--The Speakman or Common are furnished as specified.

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DRIVING PULLEYS are of our own improved design. The Loose Pulley runs on a cast iron sleeve, which is a part of the ring oiling box. Oil passes through holes in the bottom of this sleeve and lubricates the Loose Pulley. Our method of supporting the shaft and Loose Pulley together with the perfect lubrication of both prevents the wearing of the shaft, sleeve or Loose Pulley.

RING OILING OUTRIGGER BEARING AND SELF LUBRICATING LOOSE PULLEY

The Fast Pulley is usually made slightly larger in diameter than the Loose Pulley and is secured to the shaft by a Woodruff key and set screws.

THE OUTRIGGER for supporting the Driving Pulleys can be applied at either the head or foot end, as specified.

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Our improved Cylinder Head is made with a wide surface for the tin and has a long hub split at the end for several inches.

The split portion of the hub is made to grip the shaft by means of a heavy clamp ring and set screw. The shaft cannot be cut by this set screw as it bears on the split hub.

CYLINDER HEAD BEARING AND CAP

The shafts are steel, fitted with Woodruff Keys and Phosphor Bronze Bushes with Collars, which make the bearings self-oiling and practically free from wear. Heavy tin is used in the construction of the Cylinders which are carefully balanced and thoroughly tested.

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TWIST GEARING

Simplicity and convenience characterize our Ring Spinning Frame gearing. All gears are cut. They are of ample width, run quietly and are well boxed to prevent accidents.

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DRAFT GEARING

The change gears are very conveniently located and a wide range of draft and twist can easily be obtained.

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BUILDER FOR RING SPINNING FRAME

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IMPROVED BUILDER.

When designing our improved Spinning Frame Builder, special attention was given to obtaining a wide range in form and build of bobbin combined with simplicity and durability. The changes necessary when altering the wind, pick or traverse have been reduced to a minimum.

The Builder is a combination type, and the change from warp to filling, or vice versa, can be easily and quickly made.

The illustration shows a filling cam only on the cam shaft, but when warp and filling wind are wanted, two cams are placed on this shaft.

The length of the traverse is determined by the adjustable Wave Shaft Stud, which can be easily and quickly raised or lowered, and the Ring Rail can be placed at the correct starting point by means of a thumb nut. The Pick or Take-up Motion is very simple. The pawl is on a plate which has a gear at the back. This gear is driven by a Quadrant which is connected to the top of the Builder. The pawl shield is set so that any required number of teeth can be taken up and no change gears are used.

In the Builder Arm is an adjusting screw, which is used with warp wind to regulate the taper on the bobbin. The taper can be decreased at the bottom and increased at the top by turning in this screw.

When the foot lever is pressed, it throws the Worm out of gear and allows the rail to be dropped. After winding back the Pick Motion, the Frame is ready for doffing and starting a new set.

An eccentric device is applied to enable the "Socket Doff" to be used when desired.

The Worm Gear Shaft is driven by a sprocket chain in the bead end. The speed of this shaft and consequently the speed of the traverse is increased or decreased by changing the Sprocket Gear.

The bevel gears are well protected from dust and fly by a cover, and the Builder screw itself is provided with a cleaner which prevents the collection of dirt in the threads.

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HOWARD & BULLOUGH PATENT AUTOMATIC SEPARATOR

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HOWARD & BULLOUGH PATENT AUTOMATIC SEPARATOR

It has been our aim to combine in this new Separator simplicity and lightness with effectiveness and rigidity. All Separators collect lint, but the Howard & Bullough has so few parts and is so easily cleaned that this disadvantage is reduced to a minimum. The Separator rod holders, which allow the blades to be thrown back out of position for doffing, are neat and strong.

Vibration in a Separator means bad work, and we have given special attention to this point, as evidenced by the double bearings for the lifting rods, the stiffness of the Separator rod carrying the blades, and the general design. In case the operator neglects to return the blades to their working position after doffing, this is taken care of by a curved stop or bracket attached to the roller beam. Easy adjustment for both long and short traverse is a good feature of this Separator.

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FLOOR SPACE OF RING SPINNING FRAMES.

We make 36-in. or 39-in. framing as required. When extra large diameter roving bobbins are used and the creels are required to take double roving, the 39-in. framing is needed to obtain enough space in the creels.

To ascertain the length of Spinning Frames with any number of spindles: Multiply one-half the number of spindles by the gauge and add 2 ft. 1 in. for head and off ends.

Although it is advantageous when possible to keep to the number of spindles given in the table on the opposite page, other lengths can be built, but even boxes are preferable.

DRIVING PULLEYS are 8 in. to 18 in. dia., 3-1/4 in. face.

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LENGTHS OVER ALL OF RING SPINNING FRAMES.

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PRODUCTION TABLE OF RING WARP YARN.

FRONT ROLL, 1 IN. DIA.

Allowance has been made for doffing, etc. Standard Warp Twist used, 4.75 x square root of number of yarn.

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PRODUCTION TABLE OF RING WARP YARN.

FRONT ROLL, 1 IN. DIA.

Allowance has been made for doffing, etc. Twist per inch, 4.75 x square root of number up to 40s. For 40s and finer the twist per inch is graduated from 4.60 to 4.00 x square root of number.

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PRODUCTION TABLE OF RING FILLING YARN.

FRONT ROLL, 1 IN. DIA.

Allowance has been made for doffing, etc. Filling Twist used, 3.25 x square root of number of yarn.

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PRODUCTION TABLE OF RING FILLING YARN.

FRONT ROLL, 1 IN. DIA.

Allowance has been made for doffing, etc. Filling Twist used, 3.25 x square root of number of yarn.

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HEAD END GEARING RING SPINNING FRAME

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SECTIONAL VIEW RING SPINNING FRAME

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SIDE VIEW RING SPINNING FRAME

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SPINNING FRAME.

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DRAWINGS.

A Driving Pulley, 8 in. to 18 in. dia., advancing by 1/2 in. increments; 3-1/4 in. face. A1 Cylinder Gear, 17, 21, 29 and 39 T. A2 Cylinder, 7 in. dia. B Jack Gear, 72, 76, 86, 96 and 106 T. B1 Twist Change Gear, 25-67 T., advancing by one tooth. C Intermediate Gear, 156 T. for 36-in. frame; 171 T. for 39 in. frame. C1 Builder Motion Driving Sprocket Gear, 8 T. D Front Roll Twist Gear, 84 T. D1 Front Roll Draft Gear, 21 and 27 T. D2 Front Roll, usually 1 in. dia.; sometimes 1-1/16 in. dia. and 1-7/8 in. dia. E Crown Gear, 72, 90 and 108 T. E1 Draft Change Gear, 32-59 T., advancing by one tooth. F Large Back Roll Gear, 79 and 89 T. F1 Small Back Roll Gear, 28 T. for 7/8 in. dia. Middle and Back Rolls, 29 T. for 15/16 in. dia. Middle Roll, 1-1/16 in. dia. Back Rolls. F2 Back Roll, usually 7/8 in. dia., sometimes 11/16 in. dia. and 1-1/8 in. dia. G Broad Middle Roll Intermediate Gear, 48 T. H Middle Roll Gear, 26 T. for 7/8 in. dia. Middle and Back Rolls, 24 T. for 15/16 in. dia. Middle and 1-1/16 in. dia. Back Rolls. I Whorl, 3/4 in., 13/16 in. and 7/8 in. dia. J Carrier Sprocket Gear, 10 T. K Builder Motion Worm Shaft Sprocket Gear, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 T., dependent upon the Number of Yarn. L Carrier Sprocket Gear, 7 T.

{164}

SPINNING FRAMES.

DRAFT CALCULATIONS.

TWIST CALCULATIONS.

When figuring the Ratio of Whirl Speed to Cylinder Speed we add 1/3 inch to the diameters to allow for the band.

{165}

In our production tables on pages 156 to 159, the allowance for doffing, waste, etc., varies with the numbers of yarn, the percentage loss being greater for coarse than fine work.

{166}

RING SPINNING FRAME, DRAFT TABLE.

FRONT ROLL 1 IN. DIAM. BACK ROLL 7/8 IN. DIAM.

{167}

RING SPINNING FRAME, DRAFT TABLE.

FRONT AND BACK ROLLS SAME DIAMETER.

{168}

RING SPINNING FRAME, TWIST CONSTANTS.

1 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{169}

RING SPINNING FRAME, TWIST CONSTANTS.

1-1/16 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{170}

RING SPINNING FRAME, TWIST CONSTANTS.

1-1/8 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{171}

RING SPINNING FRAME TWIST TABLE.

1 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{172}

RING SPINNING FRAME TWIST TABLE.

1 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{173}

RING SPINNING FRAME TWIST TABLE.

1 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{174}

RING SPINNING FRAME TWIST TABLE.

1 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{175}

RING SPINNING FRAME TWIST TABLE.

1-1/16 IN. DIA. FRONT ROLL. 7 IN. DIA. CYLINDER. FRONT ROLL GEAR, 84 T.

{176}

YARN TWIST TABLES.

{177}

YARN TWIST TABLES.

{178}

YARN TWIST TABLES.

NOTE--The above tables are extended in some cases much beyond the actual requirements as indicated by their headings, but will prove useful for other yarns.

{179}

TABLE FOR NUMBERING COTTON YARN BY THE WEIGHT IN GRAINS OF 120 YARDS OR 1 SKEIN

{180}

TABLE FOR NUMBERING COTTON YARN-Cont'd.

{181}

TABLE FOR NUMBERING COTTON YARN-Cont'd.

{182}

TABLE FOR NUMBERING COTTON YARN-Cont'd.

{183}

TABLE FOR NUMBERING COTTON YARN-Cont'd.

{184}

DRAPER TABLES OF BREAKING WEIGHTS OF AMERICAN YARNS SPUN FROM AMERICAN COTTON. AVERAGED FROM SAMPLE SKEIN TESTS FROM SEVERAL HUNDRED AMERICAN MILLS.

{185}

TRAVELLER TABLE FOR RING SPINNING FRAME.

The speed, kind of cotton, etc., affect the weight of traveller, and consequently it is impossible to make up a table to cover all conditions, but the sizes given above will serve as a basis to select from. Lighter travellers should be used for higher speeds and vice versa. Each 1,000 revolutions of spindle makes a difference of one or two numbers in travellers.

{186}

SPOOLERS.

The following tables of dimensions and productions are given as information:

{187}

REELS.

Reels are usually made with 50 or 60 spindles each, but can be made either longer or shorter. The common gauge is 3-1/2 in., the length of which with 50 spindles is 16 ft. 8-1/2 in. and width 3 ft. 9 in. Machines are made for 54-in., 60-in., 72-in. and 90-in. skeins, usually 54 in.

Driving pulleys are 12 in. x 2 in.

The usual speed with 54-in. swifts is 130 revs. We give below production table for 54-in. skeins.

50 per cent. allowance has been made in above table for doffing, etc.

{188}

DRY TWISTER SINGLE LINE TOP AND BOTTOM ROLLS--NARROW GAUGE

{189}

RING TWISTERS.

FOR DRY OR WET TWISTING.

Our Ring Twister resembles our Spinning Frame, both in construction and design, and the descriptive matter on pages 140 and 151 apply to this machine.

The marked success of our Spinning Frame led us to build a Twister embodying the same improvements and special features which have been so much appreciated. All parts are machined, and are interchangeable.

LOW FRAMING AND HEAVY RIGID CONSTRUCTION--The frames are built very low, are extra heavy in all their principal parts and are designed and constructed so as to stand high speeds without vibration, thus preserving the spindles, insuring light running and reducing the cost of repairs.

DRY AND WET TWISTING--We build machines for either Dry or Wet Twisting. When for wet work the bottom and top rolls are covered with brass, and brass troughs are provided for the water. The yarn is submerged by means of glass rods which are easily raised or lowered.

ARRANGEMENT OF ROLLS--Machines are built with any of the following arrangements of Rolls:

Single Line Bottom Rolls, and Single Line Top Rolls. Double Line Bottom Rolls, and Single Line Top Rolls. Double Line Bottom Rolls, and Double Line Top Rolls.

SPINDLES--Any of the improved modern high-speed spindles are supplied as required. We do not make any Twisters with common or old style "Two Rail" spindles.

KNEE BRAKES are furnished when required.

GAUGES AND RINGS--We build machines from 2-1/2-in. gauge with 1-1/2-in. rings up to 5-1/2-in. gauge with 4-1/2-in. rings. Any desired form or style of ring will be furnished. All of these rings are made from high-grade steel of special analysis, hardened by improved methods and accurately finished.

{190}

VERTICAL TWISTER RINGS

NARROW OR WIDE BAND RINGS WITH BRASS OR STEEL PLATE HOLDERS

SOLID SINGLE FLANGE RINGS

{191}

THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS ARE TAKEN UP IN DETAIL UNDER RING SPINNING FRAMES:

SPINDLE RAILS of box pattern to prevent springing or twisting.

LIFTING RODS specially finished to avoid sticking, and easily removed and cleaned without necessity of readjustment.

RE-LEVELLING easily taken care of by means of adjustable foot casting and jack screw on each Spring Piece.

ADJUSTABLE THREAD BOARD LIFTERS.

RING OILING BEARING ON OUTRIGGER.

SELF-LUBRICATING LOOSE PULLEY ON SLEEVE.

IMPROVED FORM OF CYLINDER HEAD.

PHOSPHOR BRONZE CYLINDER BEARINGS of self-oiling type.

GEARING, simple and enclosed in boxed end to prevent accident. All cut gears.

BUILDER of simple and effective design adjustable for Filling, Warp, Conant, Reverse Conant, or Straight Wind.

CREELS with rigid end and center supports, free from vibration.

OUT BEARING BOX (CUT OPEN) SHOWING RING OILER AND SLEEVE FOR LOOSE PULLEY

{192}

WET TWISTER, WITH DRIVING PULLEYS AT FOOT END

{193}

FLOOR SPACE OF TWISTERS.

WIDTHS OF MACHINES.

2-1/2-in. and 2-3/4-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 1-1/8 in. over all 3-in. and 3-1/4-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 1-5/8 in. over all 3-1/2-in. and 4-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 2-5/8 in. over all 4-1/2-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 3-3/4 in. over all 5-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 4-1/4 in. over all 5-in. Gauge = 3 ft. 5 in. over all

To ascertain the length of Twisters with any number of spindles: Multiply one-half the number of spindles by the gauge and add 2 ft. 1 in. for head and off ends.

Although it is advantageous when possible to keep to the numbers of spindles given in the table on page 195, other lengths can be built if necessary. Even rolls and boxes are preferable.

DRIVING PULLEYS are 8 in. to 18 in. dia., 3-1/4-in. face.

{194}

WIDE GAUGE TWISTER WITH DOUBLE LINE BOTTOM AND SINGLE LINE TOP ROLLS

{195}

LENGTHS OVER ALL OF TWISTERS.

{196}

TABLE SHOWING GAUGES, RINGS AND SPINDLE SPEEDS FOR VARIOUS NUMBERS AND PLYS.

THIS TABLE FORMS A KEY TO THE PRODUCTION TABLES WHICH FOLLOW

{197}

TABLE SHOWING GAUGES, RINGS AND SPINDLE SPEEDS--CONT'D.

{198}

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF POUNDS TWISTED YARN PRODUCED IN 10 HOURS-2 PLY

{199}

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF POUNDS TWISTED YARN PRODUCED IN 10 HOURS-3 PLY.

Allowance has been made for doffing, waste, cleaning, etc.

{200}

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF POUNDS TWISTED YARN PRODUCED IN 10 HOURS-4 PLY.

Allowance has been made for doffing, waste, cleaning, etc.

{201}

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF POUNDS TWISTED YARN PRODUCED IN 10 HOURS-5 PLY.

Allowance has been made for doffing, waste, cleaning, etc.

{202}

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF POUNDS TWISTED YARN PRODUCED IN 10 HOURS--6 PLY.

Allowance has been made for doffing, waste, cleaning, etc.

{203}

HEAD END GEARING TWISTER

{204}

SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLL

DOUBLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS ARRANGEMENTS OF ROLLS TWISTER

{205}

TWISTERS.

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DRAWINGS.

A Driving Pulley, 8 in. to 18 in. dia., advancing by 1/2 in. increments, 3-1/4 in. face. A1 Cylinder Gear, 21, 25, 29, 30, 39 and 49 T. A2 Cylinder, 7 in. and 8 in. dia. B Jack Gear, 72, 76, 80, 84, 86, 96 and 106 T. B1 Twist Change Gear, 25 to 67 T., advancing by one tooth. C Intermediate Gear, 171 T. C1 Builder Motion Driving Sprocket Gear, 8 T. D Front Roll Twist Gear, 108 and 92 T., Single Line Bottom Roll. Head End Stud Gear, 108 T., Double Line l Bottom Rolls. D1 Head End Stud Change Gear, 23, 27, 32 and 36 T. E Front Roll Change Gear, 36, 32, 27 and 23 T. E1 Front Roll Gear, 39 T. E2 Front Roll, 1-1/2 in. dia. F Back Roll Intermediate Gear, 48 T. G Back Roll Gear, 40 T. G1 Back Roll, 1-1/2 in. dia. H Top Roll, 2-1/2 in. dia. I Whorl, 7/8 in., 1-1/8 in., 1-3/8 in., 1-5/8 in. and 2-1/2 in. dia. J Carrier Sprocket Gear, 10 T. K Builder Motion Worm Shaft Sprocket Gear, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 T., dependent upon the Number of Yarn. L Carrier Sprocket Gear, 7 T.

NOTE--For Letters A and I refer to Spinning Frame cut on page 161.

{206}

TWISTERS.

TWIST CALCULATIONS.

{207}

In our production tables on pages 198 to 202 the allowance for doffing, waste, etc., varies with the numbers of twisted yarn, the percentage loss being greater for coarse than fine work. See pages 196 and 197 for percentage deducted.

{208}

TWIST GEARING CONSTANTS FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2-IN. SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. 7-IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

Rule to find change gear: Divide Constant by Twist per inch required.

{209}

TWIST GEARING CONSTANTS FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2-IN. DOUBLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. 8-IN. DIA. CYLINDER.

Rule to find change gear: Divide Constant by Twist per inch required.

{210}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. FRONT ROLL GEAR, 108. 1-1/8 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE.

{211}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. FRONT ROLL GEAR, 108. 1-3/8 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE.

{212}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. FRONT ROLL GEAR, 108. 1-5/8 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE.

{213}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. SINGLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. 8 IN. DIA. CYLINDER. 2-1/2 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE.

{214}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. DOUBLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. 8 IN. DIA. CYLINDER. 1-5/8 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE. HEAD END STUD GEAR, 108 T.

NOTE--D1 = Head End Stud Change Gear.
E = Front Roll Change Gear.
Ratio Whirl to Cylinder Speed, 4.643.

{215}

TWIST TABLE FOR TWISTERS.

1-1/2 IN. DOUBLE LINE BOTTOM ROLLS. 8 IN. DIA. CYLINDER. 2-1/2 IN. DIA. WHIRL ON SPINDLE. HEAD END STUD GEAR, 108.

NOTE-D1 = Head End Stud Change Gear. E = Front Roll Change Gear. Ratio Whirl to Cylinder Speed, 3.095.

{216}

TWIST TABLES FOR 2 PLY.

{217}

TWIST TABLES FOR 3 PLY.

{218}

TWIST TABLES FOR 4 PLY.

{219}

TWIST TABLES FOR 5 PLY.

{220}

TWIST TABLES FOR 6 PLY.

{221}

{222}

CONE WINDER

{223}

CONE AND TUBE WINDERS.

Although these machines are adapted to the winding of all kinds of yarns, they are especially good for soft hosiery and underwear yarns which should be handled so as to retain their full strength and elasticity.

OPEN WIND--This feature of our machine, together with its general improved construction, enables it to wind the most delicate yarns. The open wind with its irregular coils is of great advantage, as stretching of the yarn is avoided and it unwinds freely in the knitting process.

CONE AND PARALLEL WIND--These machines are built for winding either cones or parallel tubes, from cops, bobbins, spools or skeins.

STOP MOTIONS--These are applied to all machines. The Detector Holders and Drop Wires are supplied for one or more ply, as required. When a thread breaks, the individual drum stops, thus preventing waste or single. The Stop Motions are quick and positive, and the piecing up is very easily done.

FRAMING AND CONSTRUCTION--The Winders are strong and durable. No wood is used in their construction, except for the top shelves and Friction Boards. All gearing is cut. The Casing-off Plates on each side are hinged, which facilitates cleaning.

UNIFORM TENSION--The conical and parallel Mandrels are driven by friction from the drums, and consequently the increase in diameter of the cones or tubes does not alter the tension on the yarn.

IMPROVED MANDRELS--These fit firmly in the paper cones at both ends. The cones are very easily removed, and although they may vary in size or shape, any irregularities are taken care of by the Mandrels.

IMPROVED REVERSING MOTION--The durability of Winders and the uniformity of the winding depends {224} to a great extent on the accuracy and wearing qualities of the Reversing Motion. The cam and bowl in this motion are of hardened steel, and the cam runs in oil.

Our Motion gives an instantaneous reversal, and prevents the throwing over of the yarn at the ends, ensuring a perfectly shaped cone or parallel Tube.

ADJUSTABLE TRAVERSE--The length of the traverse can be adjusted from 4 in. to 6 in. by a very simple method.

AVAILABLE SPEED TRAVERSE--By means of a change gear on the Main Driving Shaft, the ratio of the speed of the traverse to the speed of the drum can be altered. A ratio which is best suited to coarse yarn is not the best for fine yarn. The work which these machines are called upon to do may vary from winding very coarse ply yarns to fine single yarns, and a variable speed traverse is of advantage.

DRIVING PULLEYS--These are 18 in. dia., 2-1/2 in. face, Tight and Loose, and usually make 100 to 125 revs., according to the class of work.

PRODUCTION--Based on 125 revs. of Driving Pulleys, with 20 per cent allowance for stops, the production per drum per week of 60 hours figures 500 hanks (hanks/number of yarn = lbs.)

FLOOR PLAN OF CONE WINDER

Machines are 42 in. wide and are usually built with 100 drums, 36 ft. 8-1/2 in. over all (including driving pulleys) but other lengths can be made. Deduct 8-1/4 in. for each two drums less than 100.

{225}

CONE WINDER

ALPHABETICAL REFERENCES TO DRAWING

A Driving Pulley, 18 in. dia. x 2-1/2 in. face. Usual speed, 100 to 125 r. p. m. A1 Cone Driving Double Band Pulley. B Cone.

NOTE--One rev. of Driving Shaft equals 2.76 revs. of Cone.

{226}

WARPERS.

One 54-in. Cylinder Warper (with large dia. Cylinder) occupies a space of 7 ft. x 3 ft. 6 in. with 24-in. beam head.

The floor space of creels varies considerably. An ordinary Warper with creel requires a space of about 8 ft. x 13 to 14 ft.

Driving Pulleys 10 in. x 2 in.

Cylinders of Warpers are run from 30 to 40 revs. per minute, depending on the class of work.

We give below production table based on 36 revs. of Cylinder (Pulleys 196 revs.) per minute. In this table 33 per cent. has been deducted for stoppages.

{227}

{228}

CYLINDER SIZING MACHINE OR SLASHER

{229}

SLASHERS.

The Slasher System of Sizing was invented by Mr. James Bullough, and Slashers were first made and put on the market by Howard & Bullough, Ltd.

The advent of the Slasher, dispensing as it did with the old systems of Sizing, is recognized as one of the greatest inventions of the age. Probably no other invention was ever taken up and supplanted other systems with such rapidity as that of the Slasher, in every cotton manufacturing country. Although Slashers are now made by others, the Howard & Bullough machine still keeps the lead, and improvements are being continually added.

NEW PATTERNS--The machines are now made from new patterns with extra heavy framing, with broad flanges, planed edges, and milled doubled-flanged joints, giving great strength and solidity. All seatings, cross-rails, principal brackets and fixings are planed or milled.

HEADSTOCKS--These are made in three lengths, Short (8 ft. 6 in.), Medium (10 ft. 4 in.) and Long (12 ft. 2 in.), and are complete with Fan, Conducting Rollers, Polished Dividing Rods, quick and accurate Yarn Marker, Expanding and Contracting Comb, Spring Bearings for preventing the breaking of yarn when starting the machine, Triple Speed Change Gears, Slow Motion arrangement, Side Shaft, and Gearing to Copper Size Rollers, Patent Yarn Beam Friction and Patent Revolving Yarn Beam Presser.

PATENT YARN BEAM FRICTION--With four frictional surfaces. These Frictions have more than double the friction surface of the older styles, and give considerably more power and are proving the most efficient Frictions ever invented.

SLOW MOTION DRIVING--This enables the Slasher to be run at a very slow speed, instead of being entirely stopped whilst doffing, etc., thus preventing the burning or spoiling of yarn whilst under the squeezing rollers in the size box. {230}

COPPER CYLINDERS--Made from best Copper Sheets well and evenly rolled by machinery, so as to give a perfectly smooth drying surface, with Ends or Heads made of Steel plates. Cylinder Shafts run on Anti-Friction Bowls, and are provided with Pressure Gauge, Safety and Reducing Valves, and Steam Traps.

SIZE BOX--With two Heavy Seamless Copper Rollers, with Brass Glands and Brass Bushes. The Ends of these Rollers run in Brass Steps in Pedestals supported by Tables which are cast to the outside of the Size Box.

Size Box also contains perforated Copper Boiling Pipe, Seamless Copper Immersion Roller, with adjustable Racks and Motion, Brass and Tin Conducting Rollers, and Brass Taps.

CREELS--These are usually made for 6 Beams, but are made for more if required, and have Adjustable Bearings. Three sizes are made, 22-3/8 in., 25-1/2 in. and 27 in. between centers. The latter for Beam Heads up to 26 in. dia.

We also apply, when ordered, any of the following:

Patent Traversing Yarn Beam Presser.

Patent Expanding Double Yarn Beam Presser.

Patent Yarn Tension Arrangement to Size Box for enabling the size to better penetrate the Yarns.

Positive Driving Arrangement to Cylinders for Fine Yarns or small number of ends.

Extra Carrying Rolls and Stands.

PRODUCTION--One Slasher will supply from 150 to 600 Looms, according to the class of work; about 300 is the average.

DRIVING PULLEYS--Are on Right Hand side of Head-stock (when facing same), 13 in. dia., 3 in. face, T. & L. Slow Motion Pulley is 1 in. face, making 7 in. in width for the three Pulleys.

SPEEDS--170 to 210 R. P. M.

{231}

FLOOR SPACE--Dimensions of Standard machines with Short Headstock (8 ft. 6 in.) and 6-Beam Creel, 23-1/2 in. or 27 in. centers, the latter for Beam Heads up to 26 in. dia. ; 9/8 wide, for Warper Beams 54 in. wide between Heads, Drying Surface of Cylinders, 56-1/2 in.

6 ft. dia. Cylinder 31 ft. 0 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. (Width is 8 ft. 11 in. over extreme projections in Headstock when Cannon Shaft is extended.) 7 ft. dia. Cylinder 33 ft. 4 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. 66 in. and 40 in. dia. Cylinders 33 ft. 4 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. 6 ft. and 4 ft. dia. Cylinders 33 ft. 10 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. 7 ft. and 4 ft. dia. Cylinders 34 ft. 10 in. x 8 ft. 6 in. 7 ft. and 5 ft. dia. Cylinders 37 ft. 10 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.

Add for each additional two Beams in Creel, 3 ft. 4-1/2 in. Add for Medium Headstock 1 ft. 10 in. Add for Long Headstock 3 ft. 8 in.

LOOM BEAMS--Slashers 9/8 wide, as described above, will take Loom Beams up to 64 in. long over all, or up to 70 in. by using Cranked Cannon Shaft Brackets.

WIDER SLASHERS--These are made up to 12/4 wide, for widths of yarn as follows: 9/8 6/4 7/4 8/4 9/4 10/4 11/4 12/4 54 in. 60 in. 66 in. 72 in. 78 in. 84 in. 90 in. 96 in.

Add to the width of machines, as given above, 6 in. for each extra width over 9/8.

SPECIAL MACHINES--Are made with Extra Wide or Extra Long Heads and many other attachments for Special Work, also with AIR DRYING instead of Cylinders.

{232}

APPROXIMATE SHIPPING WEIGHTS OF MACHINES Pounds Hopper Bale Opener 5,000 Self-feeding Opener 6,000 to 6,500 Single Beater Breaker Lapper 8,500 to 9,500 Self-feeding Opener and Single Beater Breaker 15,000 to 16,000 Single Beater Intermediate or Finisher 8,500 Double Beater Intermediate or Finisher 13,000 Revolving Flat Card 7,000 Drawing Frame, per delivery 700 Slubbing Frame, 60 spdls., 12 in. x 6 in. 9,250 Intermediate Frame, 96 spdls., 10 in. x 5 in. 10,000 Roving Frame, 144 spdls., 8 in. x 4 in. 11,500 Roving Frame, 160 spdls., 7 in. x 3-1/2 in. 11,250 Jack Frame, 184 spdls., 6 in. x 3 in. 11,250 Spinning Frame, 224 spdls., 2-3/4 in. Ga. 6,250 Spinning Frame, 204 spdls., 3 in. Ga. 6,250 Spinning Frame, 192 spdls., 3-1/4 in. Ga. 6,250 Twister, 220 spdls., 3 in. Ga. 7,000 Twister, 192 spdls., 3-1/4 in. Ga. 7,300 Twister, 160 spdls., 4 in. Ga. 6,800 Twister, 132 spdls., 5 in. Ga. 6,700 Cone Winder, 100 Drums 7,500

{233}

ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF COTTON YARN.

24 Grains = l Pennyweight (Dwt. Troy).

437.5 Grains = 1 Ounce (Avoirdupois).

16 oz. = 7,000 Grains = l Pound (Avoirdupois).

1-1/2 Yards = 54 in. = 1 thread or circumference of Cotton Reel.

120 Yards = 80 threads = l Skein.

840 Yards = 560 threads = 7 skeins = 1 Hank.

The number of Hanks in 1 lb. is the number of the yarn.

7,000 grains (1 lb.) divided by the weight in grains of 1 Hank
(840 Yards) = the number of yarn.

It is unnecessary and inconvenient to measure and weigh a full hank, and a lesser number of yards are usually taken. 120 yards for yarn, and 12 yards for Roving are common, and the Dividends for these are given in the following table.

DIVIDEND TABLE Yards Dividends 1 8.33 2 16.66 3 25.00 4 33.33 5 41.66 6 50.00 7 58.33 8 66.66 9 75.00 10 83.33 12 100.00 30 250.00 60 500.00 120 1000.00 840 7600.00

RULES

Divide 7,000 (Grains in 1 lb.) by 840 (yards in 1 Hank) =
dividend for 1 yd., 8.33.

Dividend/by weight in grains = Hank.

Dividend/by Hank = Weight in Grains.

EXAMPLES--If 1 yard of Card Sliver weighs 55 Grains, what Hank is it? Divide the dividend for 1 yard (8.33) by 55 = .151 Hank.

What should 120 yds. of No. 25s yarn weigh? Divide the dividend for 120 yards (1,000) by 25 = 40 grains.

{234}

GENERAL RULES WITH EXAMPLES. TO FIND THE DRAFT BETWEEN TWO ROLLS.

{235}

{236}

{237}

CLASSIFICATION OF COTTON ADOPTED BY THE NEW YORK COTTON EXCHANGE. QUARTER GRADES IN USE AFTER MARCH 10, 1910.

Grades Quarter Grades

Fair. Strict Middling Fair. Middling Fair.

Barely Middling Fair.
Strict Good Middling.

Fully Good Middling.
Good Middling.

Barely Good Middling.
Strict Middling.

Barely Middling. Middling (Basis). Strict Low Middling.