Chapter III: Part 3

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Anterior
wings chocolate-coloured; the lower corners being tipped with orange, to
the upper part of which joins a spot of the same colour, and another
small one is placed nearer the tips. The basal parts of the posterior
wings chocolate, the apical parts orange; they are doubly angulated, and
at the abdominal corners have a black ocellus with two white pupils, and
a small orange spot below them; three other small eyes are also placed
along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi and legs buff-coloured. Breast russet. Abdomen dark
orange. Wings russet-coloured, with bands of lighter and darker shades
running from the anterior edges of the anterior wings, and ending below
the body on the abdominal edges, some of the bands being verged with
black. Anterior wings having three small black spots placed near the
shoulders, and the posterior with two small white spots at the abdominal
corners, and four others placed along the external edges, growing fainter
as they approach the upper corners, till at length they are quite lost.

PLATE XXVIII.

ACRÆA HORTA.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ.

GENUS. ACRÆA, _Fabr. Latr._ Papilio (Heliconii), _Fabr._ olim.

ACRÆA HORTA. Alis oblongis integerrimis, supra fulvis; anticis ad extimum
hyalino-cinerascentibus, posticis utrinque nigro punctatis subtusque
albidis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 7½ lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Helic.) Horta, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. _p._ 755. _No._ 54.
_Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Cramer, Pap._ _pl._ 298. _fig._ F. G. _Herbst.
Pap._ _tab._ 83. _f._ 1. 2. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 231. 1.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.). Cape of
Good Hope, and other parts of Africa (_Enc. Méth._).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen black, the latter spotted on
its sides. Anterior wings, next the body dark orange, but at the tips
about two-fifths are pellucid. Near the middle, towards the anterior
edge, is a small black spot, and a streak of the same colour. Posterior
wings dark orange, black at the base, with a narrow border of orange and
black running along the external edges, and a group, consisting of
fifteen different shaped black spots, occupying the middle.

{38}_Under Side._ Palpi hairy and light coloured. Legs and breast black.
Abdomen light brown. Anterior wings very glossy, the marks on the upper
side being so faint as to be scarcely discernible. Posterior wings
cream-coloured, with the same number of black spots, but stronger and
more distinct than those on the upper side. The external edges bordered
with orange, within which is a small narrow black border, with light
cream spots. Margins of the wings entire.

ACRÆA GEA [male].

Plate XXVIII. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ.

GENUS. ACRÆA, _Fabr. Latr. God._ Papilio (Heliconii), _Fabr._ Olim.

ACRÆA GEA. Alis oblongis integerrimis, anticis utrinque fuscis, fasciis
duabus fulvis aut albidis, unâ versus apicem, alterâ connexâ disco
posticarum, his subtùs rufescentibus, basi nigro-punctatis, postea
striatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Hel.) Gea, _Fabr. Spec. Ins._ 2. _p._ 32. _No._ 136.
[male]. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 238. (Acræa G.)

Papilio (H.) Jodutta, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 175. _No._ 554.
[female].

Papilio (Hel.) Hirce, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Papilio Epæa, _Cramer_, _pl._ 230. _f._ B.C.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone (_Drury_). "Calabar, in Africa, Capt. Parker, 1771"
(_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax black, with four white spots on each
side. Abdomen dark orange, spotted on the sides with black, and a black
streak running along the top. Anterior wings fine dark brown, almost
black. A large patch of dark orange is placed at the middle of the
posterior edges, and between that and the tips is a streak of the same
colour, divided into three parts by the tendons of the wings. Near the
body are six round black spots hardly discernible, on one of which,
nearest the body, is a very small white one. Posterior wings near the
body orange, but along the edges black, the space between being covered
with rays, composed of those two colours. Next the body are ten round
black spots, some larger than others, on one of which is a small white
one, as on the upper wings.

_Under Side._ Palpi orange. Thorax black, spotted with white. Legs black
above and white beneath. Abdomen orange. Anterior wings much lighter on
this side than on the upper, the orange-coloured marks being, on this
side, of a dark yellow. All the black spots on this side are more
distinct than on the other, as is that with the small white one on it.
Posterior wings next the body orange, from whence to the edges issue rays
of a dusky yellow and black, there being no black border. The black spots
next the body are also very strong. The edges of the posterior wings are
a little dentated.

NYMPHALIS HOSTILIA.

Plate XXVIII. fig. 5, 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera, _Linn._ SECTION: Diurna, _Latr._ FAMILY: Nymphalidæ,
_Swainson_.

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Eq. achiv.), _Linn. Drury_. Papilio
Nymphalis, _Fabr._

NYMPHALIS HOSTILIA. Alis dentatis subconcoloribus, fulvis, basi
nigro-maculatis; anticarum apice fusco punctis flavescentibus. (Expans.
Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Fest.) Hostilia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 130. _No._ 399.

Nymphalis H., _Latr. God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 393.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

{39}_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Anterior
wings next the body dark tawny orange, but next the tips dark brown,
almost black, the darkest part of the wings having several dusky yellow
spots, while the orange part has a number of black ones. Posterior wings
dark orange, and next the body streaked with black, and a black zigzag
border running along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, neck, legs, and breast pale yellow. Abdomen orange.
Anterior wings much lighter than on the upper side, being, next the body,
cream colour; the part next the tips dark russet. All the spots are very
discernible on this side, the yellow ones being here much lighter.
Posterior wings cream-coloured, having the black border and streaks
equally as strong and discernible as on the upper side. Margins of the
wings entire.

PLATE XXIX.

SATURNIA ARGUS.

Plate XXIX. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. SATURNIA, _Schrank._ Attacus, _Germ._ Phalæna (Attacus), _Drury_.

SATURNIA ARGUS. Alis pallidè testaceo-albidis punctis ocellaribus
fenestratis numerosis, caudis longissimis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Bombyx Argus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 414. _No._ 24.
_Donovan Nat. Repos._ 5. 173. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 5. 29. 22.

Phalæna (Bombyx) brachyura, _Cramer Ins._ _tab._ 29. _f._ 1. _Drury_,
_App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ almost black, and pectinated. The neck and head
flesh-coloured. Thorax ash-coloured. Abdomen pale flesh-coloured. Wings
dingy flesh-coloured, the anterior ones having five or six small
transparent spots situated in the centre of them. The posterior ones
furnished with two long tails about two inches and three-quarters long,
the extremities being cream-coloured, the upper part red-brown; with five
small yellowish round spots, edged with black, placed in the centre of
the wings.

_Under Side._ Palpi brown. Tongue concealed. Legs red-brown. Breast,
sides, and abdomen cream. Wings coloured as on the upper side.

I have adopted the Fabrician specific name, notwithstanding its subsequent date, that proposed by Cramer being exceedingly inapplicable. Drury states, on the authority of Mr. Smeathman, that this curious insect was found on the island of Banana. Its flight is exceedingly slow, and its tails seem rather to impede it. Mr. Donovan states that several specimens of this insect had been received from Sierra Leone (which habitat is given by Drury in the body of his work, but corrected as above in the observations communicated to him by Mr. Smeathman) and that he is not aware of the species having occurred in any other part of Africa, neither had he understood that any other collector since Mr. Smeathman had met with the species. Of the original specimens a pair belonged to Mr. Drury, which came into the hands of Mr. Donovan, who also mentions a fine specimen as existing in the Banksian Cabinet at the Linnæan Society; adding, that some few other specimens passed into different continental Cabinets, all of which, however, were those collected by Mr. {40}Smeathman. The late Mr. Haworth, however, (the sale of whose magnificent collection by public auction lasted for ten days,) possessed four specimens of this rare moth, a pair of which were purchased by W. Swainson, Esq., and the remaining pair by myself.

CALLIMORPHA EPIMENIS.

Plate XXIX. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ.

GENUS. CALLIMORPHA, _Latr._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

CALLIMORPHA EPIMENIS. Alis nigris, anticis maculá magná pone medium
albidâ, posticis basi nigris apice fulvis margine atro. (Expans. Alar. 1
unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Epimenis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: "Virginia, Mr. Abbot, 1774" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black and setaceous. Eyes, head, thorax, abdomen,
and anterior wings black, the latter with a large straw-coloured patch
placed near the ends, and reaching across the wings from the anterior
edges almost to the lower corners. Posterior wings nearly black, with a
large orange-coloured patch, occupying one-third of the wings, and placed
along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, head, legs, breast, sides, and abdomen, black. Wings
coloured as on the upper side, with the addition of two small
straw-coloured spots placed between the large ones and the shoulders; the
colours being also rather brighter. Margins of the wings entire.

LITHOSIA? INO.

Plate XXIX. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Lithosiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. LITHOSIA? _Fabr._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

LITHOSIA? INO. Alis albidis, anticis punctis duobus humeralibus
maculisque duabus magnis nigris (scil. ante et pone medium); thorace
nigro punctato. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Noctua) Ino, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: "Madras, Mr. Skeene, 1772" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown and setaceous. Head cream-coloured. Neck
black. Thorax and abdomen cream-coloured, the former having some black
spots on it. Anterior wings cream-coloured, with a large triangular black
spot placed at the tips, another on the middle of the wings, extending
across from the anterior edges almost to the lower corners. There are
also two small ones next the shoulders. The external edges have a row of
small black spots placed thereon. Posterior wings cream-coloured,
tinctured with red, with a faint black border, rising at the upper
corners where it is broadest, and running half-way to the abdominal ones,
gradually narrowing.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, legs, sides and abdomen cream-coloured.
Wings reddish cream, without any marks; the black marks, &c. on the upper
side being faintly perceived. Margins of the wings entire.

{41}CALLIMORPHA? HELCITA.

Plate XXIX. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Arctiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. CALLIMORPHA? _Latr._ Phalæna (Noctua), _Drury_.

CALLIMORPHA? HELCITA. Alis testaecis apice nigris, fasciâ maculari albâ.
(Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 5 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Helcita, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 763. 94.

Phalæna fascelis, _Linn. Mus. Ulr._ 390. _No._ 25.

Phalæna (Noctua) H., _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Phalæna macularia, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 140. _No._ 40.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.). "In
Indiis" (_Linn._). India (_Fabr._ incorrectly).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black and setaceous. Head, thorax, and abdomen
black, the two last having a row of white spots running along the middle,
and another on each side down to the anus. Wings fine dark red. Almost
half the anterior next the tips being black, with five oval white spots
thereon; three of which being the largest are joined together, the other
two, being small and behind, are at a little distance apart. Posterior
wings with a broad black border running from the upper to the abdominal
corners, whereon are placed eight oval white spots at equal distances,
two, being the outermost, very small and close together.

_Under Side._ Palpi yellow. Tongue spiral. Legs, breast, and sides black,
spotted and streaked with white. Abdomen yellow. Wings coloured and
marked as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.

Mr. Smeathman states that this insect is found in the savannahs. It is a sluggish creature, and easily taken. A specimen of this very rare insect was sold in the collection of the late Mr. Stothard, on the 18th May, 1835; and was purchased by Thomas Norris, Esq. M.E.S. at the price of fourteen shillings.

PLATE XXX.

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) POLLUX.

Plate XXX. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera, _Linn._ SECTION: Diurna, _Latr._ FAMILY: Nymphalidæ,
_Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), _Drury_. (SUBGENUS:
Charaxes, _Boisduval_.)

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) POLLUX. Alis supra fulvis, limbo postico latè nigro,
subtus ad basin ferrugineis, annulis fasciâque albis. (Expans. Alar. 3
unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio Pollux, _Cram._ _pl._ 37. _fig._ C. D. _Herbst. Pap._ _t._
63. _f._ 3. 4.

Papilio (N.) Castor, _Fabr. Gen. Ins. Mant._ _p._ 251. _Donovan Nat.
Repos._ 4. 116.

Papilio (Nymph. Ph.) Camulus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennae black. Thorax and abdomen red-brown. Anterior
wings brown-orange, with a small round black spot near the middle, and
another fainter and smaller a little beneath it. Along the anterior edges
are several black marks and patches joining together; these wings are
bordered with black, having along the external edges some small faint
orange-brown spots. Posterior wings corresponding exactly with the
anterior, and furnished with four short tails.

{42}_Under Side._ Palpi yellow, bordered with white. Breast dark brown,
with white streaks. Legs brown. Abdomen red-brown. The ground of the
anterior wings next the body is a light chocolate, which is separated
from a dusky brown border running along the external edges by a white and
orange band, which, being the chief colours on this side, are continued
along the posterior wings. The base is adorned with black streaks,
surrounded with white, placed along the anterior edges, and others of
different forms on the middle of the wings. Along the external edges, on
the dusky border, is placed a row of black triangular spots, which at the
lower corners are doubled. Posterior wings of the same colour as the
anterior, the chocolate ground having a number of small black marks and
streaks, bordered with white, in a very irregular manner. At the lower
corner is placed a dark grey eye, with a black iris and a white
longitudinal streak in the centre, two rows of small black spots, some
being edged with white, of different forms, are also placed along the
dusky border.

We learn, from the observations of Smeathman and Drury, that this is the insect noticed in the observation upon Charaxes Jason, as possessing exceedingly strong powers of flight. Vide Vol. I. Pl. 1. fig. 1.

PLATE XXXI.

NYMPHALIS VARANES.

Plate XXXI. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS VARANES. Alis supra basi albis immaculatis, apice ferrugineis
fulvo et fusco punctatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (N.) Varanes, _Fabr. Sp. Ins._ 2. _p._ 14. _No._ 55.

Papilio (Nymph. Gemm.) Varanes, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Papilio V., _Cramer_, _pl._ 160. D. E. [male]. _pl._ 388. A. B. [female].

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.). Caffraria
(_Enc. Méth._). India (_Fabr._ incorrectly).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax greenish. Abdomen white, spotted on
the upper part with black. Basal half of the wings ash-coloured, and
bordered with deep red-brown. Anterior wings having a row of six orange
spots along the external edges, and two oval ones near the middle of the
anterior edges; two black spots, shaped like the beards of arrows, are
situated in the centre. Posterior wings angulated and furnished with two
short tails, having a row of five black spots running parallel with the
external edges. Wings not indented.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, and legs buff-coloured. Abdomen white. Wings
next the body dark ash-coloured, but along the tips and external edges
darker. A narrow line of a brown colour rises from the posterior edges of
the anterior wings, and, bending towards the tips, is lost in the general
colour of that part of the wings. A row of small faint black spots runs
parallel with the external edges, being situated between them and the
fore-mentioned dark line; the inner divisions of these and the posterior
wings have a number of small black marks, like Hebrew characters,
regularly dispersed on them. Posterior wings with a dark narrow line
rising on the anterior edges, which crosses the wings, meeting below the
abdomen. A small black eye, with a white pupil, is placed near the middle
of the anterior edges, and a row of faint oval dark spots runs parallel
with the external edges, ending at the abdominal corners.

{43}This insect, like the last, flies exceedingly swift, and is observed sometimes to settle upon human excrement, a peculiar habit which is also adopted by other species of insects belonging to different orders.

PLATE XXXII.

PIERIS EUDOXIA.

Plate XXXII. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. PIERIS, _Schrank_. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), _Linn. &c._

PIERIS EUDOXIA. Alis rotundatis, anticis diluté fulvis posticis albis;
omnium limbo communi nigro maculato. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Cand.), _Cramer_, _pl._ 213. _fig._ C. _Herbst. tab._
107. _f._ 1. 2. _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._
199. 620. _Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid._ 1. 510. _No._ 105.

Papilio (D. C.) Rhodope, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 196. _No._ 609.
_Donovan Nat. Repos._ 3. _pl._ 86.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen grey-brown. Anterior
wings dark yellow, shaded along the anterior edges with dark brown; a
black border occupies the tips and external edges of these wings, whereon
is a row of dark yellow spots of an oblong form. Posterior wings entirely
white, with a row of black spots placed along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Breast, legs, and abdomen white. Anterior wings
yellow, but next the body orange-coloured, with a row of triangular black
spots placed along the external edges. Posterior wings white, but orange
next the body, having a row of black round spots placed on the external
edges, corresponding with the anterior wings. Margins of the wings
entire.

PIERIS CHLORIS.

Plate XXXII. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach._

GENUS. PIERIS, _Schrank._ Papilio (Dan. Cand.), _Linn. &c._

PIERIS CHLORIS. Alis suboblongis, integerrimis, teneris, albis apice
nigro, subtùs anticis basi calthaceâ, posticis luteo radiatâ, his limbo
latè nigro. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (D. C.) Chloris, _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 473. _No._ 129. _Drury_,
_App. vol._ 2. _Herbst._ _tab._ 99. _f._ 1. 4. _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._
ix. _p._ 160. _Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lepid._ 1. 516.

Papilio Thermopylæ, _Cramer_, _pl._ 207. _fig._ F. G.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1774" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Eyes dark brown. Thorax and abdomen dark
grey. Anterior wings entirely white, with a black patch at the tips, the
anterior edges being also black. Posterior wings also white, with a black
border running along the external edges from the upper to the abdominal
corners.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Legs, breast, abdomen, and anterior wings
white; the latter black at their tips, as on the upper side, but next the
body tinged with red. Posterior wings yellow, but one-half next the
external edges is black; and on the upper part, next the body, having a
streak of fine red. Margins of the wings entire.

{44}PIERIS HYPATIA.

Plate XXXII. fig. 5, 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PIERIS, _Schrank._ Papilio (Dan. Cand.), _Linn. &c._

PIERIS HYPATIA. Alis rotundatis integerrimis, suprà nigris, fasciâ albâ
communi sinuatâ, subtus anticis maculâ apicali albidâ, posticis basi
fulvo radiatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Pap. (Dan. Cand.) Hypatia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Papilio Epaphia, _Cramer_, _pl._ 207. _fig._ D. E.

Pieris Higinia, _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 135. _No._ 45.

Pieris Saba, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 201. 627. _Latr. God. loc.
cit._ _No._ 46.

Pieris Malatha, _Boisd. Faun. Madagascar_, _pl._ 1. _f._ 4, 5.

Pieris Orbona, _Boisd. loc. cit._ _pl._ 1. _f._ 3.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen black. Anterior wings
sooty black, having a white indented bar rising at the middle of the
anterior edges, which crosses them, and ends on the middle of the
posterior ones; at the tips are two small white spots. Posterior wings
white and black, the upper half being white and the lower one black.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen white. Anterior wings
tinged with yellow next the body, the white bar being the same on this
side as on the upper; the black colour on this side partaking more of a
brown, and at the tips having a white patch instead of the two spots seen
on the upper side. Posterior wings marked as on the upper side. Margins
of the wings entire.

PLATE XXXIII.

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) EUDOXUS.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 1, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera, _Linn._ SECTION: Diurna, _Latr._ FAMILY: Nymphalidæ,
_Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Phal.), _Drury_. (SUBGENUS:
Charaxes, _Boisduval_.)

NYMPHALIS (CHARAXES) EUDOXUS. Alis supra fasciâ mediâ maculisque
marginalibus fulvis, subtùs ad basin ferrugineis annulis argenteis;
posticis tantùm fasciâ albâ. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Equ. Ach.) Eudoxus, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Papilio (N.) Eudoxus, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 65. _No._ 203.
_Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 352. _No._ 6.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Eyes, head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown.
Anterior wings dark chocolate, red-brown at the base; a row of brown
orange-coloured spots is placed on the external edges of these wings,
those next the tips being smallest; a brown-orange bar also rises on the
anterior edges near the tips, and crossing these and the posterior wings
meets at the extremity of the abdomen, increasing in width as it
approaches the abdominal corners. Posterior wings likewise dark
chocolate, but next the body red-brown. Each of them is furnished with
two tails, and has an indented line of brown-orange running along the
external edges, from the upper to the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Palpi and breast orange. Feet ash colour. Sides and abdomen
red-brown. One half of the superior wings next the body is chocolate, but
next the external edges brown-orange, with a large black streak at the
lower corners, and three others of different shapes in the middle of the
wings; {45}the chocolate division is adorned with a number of black
streaks and marks, margined with fine silver white. Posterior wings
chocolate, with an indented line of brown-orange placed along the
external edges, verged at top with black; these wings are marked with a
number of silvery white lines and streaks, placed against each other in
different directions. Two small white spots, joined together, are placed
on a black-ground at the abdominal corners.

HESPERIA HELOPS.

Plate XXXIII. fig. 2, 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Hesperiidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. HESPERIA, _Fabr. Latr. God._ Papilio (Pleb. Urb.), _Linn. Drury,
&c._

HESPERIA HELOPS. Alis anticis fuscis maculis hyalinis (tribus minutis)
subapicalibus; posticis suprà flavis, fasciâ submarginali atrâ arcuatâ,
subtùs fuscis disco albo. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 2 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Pleb. Urb.) Helops, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Hesperia (U.) Ennius, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 337. _No._ 283.
_Enc. Méth._ ix. 749. _No._ 54. _Donovan Ins. Ind._ II. _pl._ 3. _fig._
1.

HABITAT: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.). "In
Indiis" (_Fabr._). India (_Donovan_).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish brown.
Anterior wings very dark brown, but next the body lighter, and having
four diaphanous spots of different shapes on each wing; and also two
yellow triangular ones, situated at the middle of the posterior edges.
Posterior wings nearly black, with a large yellow patch on the middle of
the wings, and two other yellow spots at the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Palpi ash-coloured. Legs yellow-brown. Breast and abdomen
brown. Anterior wings dark brown, the lower parts along the posterior
edges being lighter coloured; the diaphanous spots conspicuous, and the
tips prettily tinged with red-brown. Posterior wings dark brown, the
middle being occupied by a large silver white patch; the edges next the
abdominal corners yellow, the other parts of the wings marked by paler
and different coloured tints. Margins of the wings entire.

PLATE XXXIV.

SATURNIA LUCINA.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Bombycidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. SATURNIA, _Schrank._ Attacus, _Germ._ Phalæna (Attacus), _Drury_.

SATURNIA LUCINA. Alis albido-griseis fusco multi-rivulosis, strigis
undulatis submarginalibus, anticis maculis nonnullis mediis ocelloque
parvo apicali nigris. (Expans. Alar. 6 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Attacus) Lucina, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._
5. 31. 27.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ yellow and pectinated. Thorax and abdomen brown.
Wings russet-brown and cream-colour, disposed in a great variety of
different shaped marks. Anterior wings next the body with a number of
angulated lines following each other in a regular succession; the middle
being composed of another succession of undulated lines crossing the
wings from the anterior to the posterior edges: a black oval spot is
placed at the tips, and a row of different sized oval marks runs along
the external {46}edges. Posterior wings next the body dark brown, the
middle and bottom having a series of undulated lines crossing them in
regular succession from the anterior to the abdominal edges, while a row
of light and dark oval marks is placed along the external edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi brown. Legs cream-coloured. Breast, sides, and
abdomen brown. Tongue not observed. Wings differing but slightly from the
upper side; the general manner of marking being still preserved here. On
the upper part of the posterior wings, next the body, is a triangular
cream spot, the inner space being brown. Margins of the wings entire.

THECLA ORCAS.

Plate XXXIV. fig. 2, 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Lycænidæ, _Steph._

GENUS. THECLA, _Fabr._ (Syst. Gloss.) Polyommatus, _Latr. God._ Hesperia
p. _Fabr._ (olim.) Papilio (Pleb. rur.), _Drury_.

THECLA ORCAS. Alis suprà virescenti-coeruleis, limbo maculisque nonnullis
subcostalibus anticarum nigris; subtùs ferrugineo-fuscis maculis
numerosis argenteis. (Expans. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Pleb. Rur.) Orcas, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Enc. Méth._ ix.
645. 102. (Polyomm. O.)

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown and thickest at their extremities, where they
are white. Head black, but between the eyes white. Thorax and abdomen
dark blue, almost black. Wings golden blue, bordered and fringed with
black; the anterior having along the anterior edges three small black
marks, besides the border. Posterior wings furnished with four tails, and
having two singular red spots placed at the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Palpi and legs white. Sides, breast, and abdomen red and
white. Wings fine red-brown, almost as deep as chocolate, adorned with a
variety of different shaped silver spots; the anterior having eight,
placed all over the wings, and the posterior eleven; the latter having an
orange mark at the abdominal corners. Margins of the anterior wings
entire, but of the posterior slightly dentated.

PLATE XXXV.

PAPILIO THYASTES.

Plate XXXV. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PAPILIO, _Auct._ Papilio (Eq. Ach.), _Drury, Fabr._

PAPILIO THYASTES. Alis caudatis nigris, fasciâ maculisque flavis, angulo
ani sanguineo, posticis subtus lineâ sanguineâ. (Expans. Alar. 4 unc.)

_Syn._ Papilio (Eq. Ach.) Thyastes, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 26. _No._ 77. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 54. _Boisduv.
Hist. Nat. Lepid._ 1. _p._ 349. 191.

HABITAT: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings
black-brown; the anterior wings having the middle occupied by a
triangular yellow space, continued to the middle of the posterior ones;
four yellow spots are placed at the tips, and several others along the
anterior edges. Posterior wings furnished with two black tails, edged and
tipped with yellow, and having four yellow marks {47}situated along the
external edges; they have also three blue crescents at the roots of the
tails, and above them a square yellow spot on the abdominal edges, and
three small red ones placed above it.

_Under Side._ Palpi not observed. Legs black. Breast and abdomen yellow.
Wings paler brown than on the upper side, marked in the same manner as
above, the yellow colour being here of a paler and greener hue. The
posterior wings having the same marks here as above, with the addition of
a row of short straight red lines placed along the external edges, but at
a little distance from them.

HIPPARCHIA NEREIS [male].

Plate XXXV. fig. 2, 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. HIPPARCHIA, _Fabr._ Satyrus, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Helic. Parn.),
_Drury_.

HIPPARCHIA NEREIS. Alis fuscis subhyalinis, vittâ communi albâ; posticis
ad apicem fulvis, ocellis duobus atris. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Hel. Parn.) Nereis, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Herbst. Pap._
_tab._ 84. _f._ 1. 2. _Stoll Suppl. Cramer_, _pl._ 26. _f._ 3. _Fabr.
Ent. Syst._ III. 1. 184. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 483. (Satyrus N.)

HABITAT: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown.
Anterior wings grey-brown, thin, and slightly diaphanous, with a small
light-coloured bar running from the anterior edge near the tips to the
posterior. Posterior wings having one-third next the body grey-brown,
divided by a line drawn across the wings from the anterior to the
abdominal edges; next to this is an angulated white patch, the rest of
these wings being orange-coloured, with two black eyes, having white
centres, placed one at the upper, the other at the abdominal corners, the
former having a small white spot joining to its upper part. The edges of
these wings are bordered with dark brown.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen cream-coloured. Anterior
wings next the tips tinged with red-brown; the remainder of the wings
being of the same colour as on the upper side. Posterior wings next the
body pale clay, which occupies half the wings; below which is a white
bar, the remainder of the wings being dark orange: the two black eyes are
very small on this side, and the white spot above them not so distinct.
These wings are larger than is generally observed among insects of this
tribe, and are dentated, the anterior ones being entire.

PAPILIO ASIUS.

Plate XXXV. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Papilionidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PAPILIO, _Auct._ Papilio (Eq. Achiv.), _Drury, Fabr._

PAPILIO ASIUS. Alis nigris fasciâ communi flavescenti-albâ; posticis
caudatis, his subtus basi anguloque ani chermesino maculatis. (Expans.
Alar. 3 unc.)

SYN. Papilio (Eq. Troj.) Asius. _Fabr. Spec. Ins._ 2. _p._ 5. _No._ 17.
_Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 8. _No._ 21. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 55. _No._
84. _Boisduv. Hist. Nat. Lepid._ 1. _p._ 309. 146.

Papilio (Eq. Tr.) Astyagas, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

Papilio Manlius, _Perty Del. An. Art. Braz. Ins._ _pl._ 29. _f._ 1.

HABITAT: Brazil, "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

{48}_Upper Side._ Antennæ, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings raven-black,
having a pale yellow bar rising at the anterior edges near the tips of
the superior wings, and crossing these and the inferior ones, meeting
even with the abdomen, becoming wider gradually. Posterior wings
furnished with two tails, and along the external edges having four small
yellow crescents, and another at the abdominal corners; above which are
two long square red spots, and another yellow crescent on the abdominal
edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, and breast black. Abdomen black, with a white
longitudinal stripe on each side. Wings marked nearly as on the upper
side; the posterior having several red spots and streaks more than on the
upper side, and placed next the body from the shoulders to the abdominal
corners.

PLATE XXXVI.

NYMPHALIS AFER.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 1, 2.

_Order_: Lepidoptera. _Section_: Diurna. _Family_: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS AFER. Alis supra violaceo-coeruleis margine externo nigro,
anticis utrinque strigâ apicali punctorum alborum, posticis fusco
nebulosis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 1½ lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Afer, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Stoll Suppl.
Cramer_, _pl._ 27. _fig._ 3.

Papilio (N.) Æthiopa, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 136. _No._ 420.
_Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 385. _No._ 119. (Nymph. Æth.)

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax and abdomen blueish black. Wings,
when viewed in a particular direction, fine shining light blue; but in
any other are blueish brown. The anterior ones with six small white spots
placed near the tips, the four uppermost being the smallest, and placed
in a zigzag direction, parallel with the external edges, and with a few
faint shadows. Posterior wings having, like the superior, only some faint
shadows.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, and breast clay-coloured. Abdomen brown. Wings
having a variety of soft brown tints, of a light grey and dark brown
colour, gradually softening into each other in a most agreeable manner.
The six white spots in the superior wings are observable on this side;
but there are no other marks either in the anterior or posterior wings
sufficient to be regarded as characters. Margins of all the wings
slightly dentated; the inferior ones being angulated.

We learn from Mr. Smeathman that this butterfly is found in the gloomy paths of the forests on the continent of Africa.

NYMPHALIS ALPHÆA.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.) _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS ALPHÆA. Alis lutescentibus strigis undulatis communibus fuscis,
puncto dilutiori anticarum subapicali, subtùs brunneis fasciis
nigricantibus. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph.) Alphæa, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: "Sierra Leone, Mr. Smeathman, 1776" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

{49}_Upper Side._ Antennæ, head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Wings
clay-coloured, with only a light spot on the anterior ones near the tips,
and a number of small faint waved lines crossing the wings from the
anterior to the posterior and abdominal edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi long, grey brown. Breast and abdomen the same. Wings
rather darker than on the upper side, being of a reddish brown. The two
spots on the anterior wings are more conspicuous on this side than the
other; and the waved lines here become bars in the posterior wings of a
darker colour than the general ground, having two conspicuous ones, the
lowest being the broadest. Margins of the wings slightly dentated.

NYMPHALIS DORICLÆA.

Plate XXXVI. fig. 5, 6.

_Order_: Lepidoptera. _Section_: Diurna. _Family_: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS DORICLÆA. Alis lutescenti-fuscis suprà strigis duabus punctorum
nigrorum, posticis subtus puncto baseos atro. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Doriclæa, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 248. _No._ 772. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 386. 124.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Wings dark
clay-coloured. The anterior ones having three black marks placed at the
middle of the anterior edges, being about a quarter of an inch long, and
a few very faint dark marks at the external edges. Posterior wings with
only two rows of small faint dark crescents placed along the external
edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, breast, abdomen, and anterior wings light
clay-coloured; the latter having two black streaks placed close to the
anterior edges, near the middle, and a shade of dark brown along the
external edges. Posterior wings along the upper part light clay; but
towards the abdominal corners are darker. A dark-coloured narrow band
rises at the middle of the anterior edges, which runs circularly towards
the abdominal groove, but is lost in the general colour of the wing
before it reaches that part. About the middle of this inner compartment
is a small round black spot, being the only one either on the upper or
under side. Margins of the wings entire, the posterior being slightly
angulated.

PLATE XXXVII.

PIERIS (LEPTALIS) CRISIA.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 1, 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna, _Latr._ FAMILY: Papilionidæ,
_Leach_.

GENUS. PIERIS, _Schrank. Latr. God._ Papilio (Dan. Cand.) _Linn. &c._
(SUBGENUS: Leptalis, _Boisduval_.)

PIERIS (LEPTALIS) CRISIA. Alis oblongis, anticis falcato-acuminatis
fuscis, fasciâ ante apicem flavescente, posticis integerrimis
flavescentibus, limbo fusco. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Crisia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 166. _No._ 515. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 197. (Pieris
Cr.) _Boisduval Hist. Nat. Lep._ 1. _p._ 422. (Leptalis Cr.)

HABITAT: Brazil. "Rio Janeiro, Mr. Bonifas, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

{50}_Upper Side._ Antennæ spotted white beneath. Thorax and abdomen
grey-brown. Anterior wings dark brown, almost like chocolate, the tips
forming an obtuse angle; a white streak crossing them obliquely towards
the lower corners, having a very small black spot thereon near the upper
part. The posterior edges are white, extending from the body almost to
the lower corners. Three small faint white spots are situated near the
tips. Posterior wings white, deeply edged with brown from the upper to
the abdominal corners.

_Under Side._ Palpi, breast, and abdomen grey. Anterior wings not so dark
as on the upper side; but having the same marks, with the addition of a
white streak at the tips. Posterior wings white, with a few patches of a
very light brown, the lower edges being dappled with that colour. Near
the shoulders are two small yellow spots. Margins of the wings entire.

ACRÆA ETHOSEA.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 3, 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. ACRÆA, _Fabr. Latr. God._ Papilio (Heliconii), _Fabr._ olim.

ACRÆA ETHOSEA. Alis oblongis, suprà fuscis disco albo, anticis
integerrimis, posticis subdenticulatis, his infrà basi punctis nigris,
margine exteriori maculis albis trigonis serie digestis. (Expans. Alar. 2
unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Ethosea, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Enc. Méth._
ix. _p._ 235. _No._ 17.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Thorax, abdomen, and wings deep brown,
almost black; the disk of the anterior being white, and extending to the
shoulders, all the middle part of the posterior being white likewise.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Breast and abdomen brown. Anterior wings next
the body yellowish brown, but towards the tips inclining to grey; nerves
black; the disk white, with a round black spot near the body, and another
of a smaller size below it. The middle of the posterior wings is white,
surrounded with brown, that part along the lower edges being darkest;
next the body are five distinct black round spots, and an irregular
shaped one at the middle of the upper edge; along the lower edges are a
number of small triangular white spots. Margins of the posterior wings
slightly dentated.

Although Sierra Leone is given by Drury in his published account of this insect as the locality for this species, I find it mentioned in his manuscript Catalogue as being received from "New Zealand, Mr. Banks, 1775." The authors of the Encyclopédie Méthodique evidently knew the species only from Drury's figures and descriptions, and therefore have given the former locality. It is difficult to account for this contradictory statement, or to assert which of these localities is the correct one.

{51}ACRÆA CYNTHIA.

Plate XXXVII. fig. 5, 6.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. ACRÆA, _Fabr. Latr. God._ Papilio (Heliconii), _Fabr._ Olim.

ACRÆA CYNTHIA. Alis oblongis integerrimis fuscis, fasciâ communi
anticarumque macula apicali, albidis; posticis suprâ punctorum fulvorum
serie posticâ. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Hel.) Cynthius, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Herbst. Pap._
_tab._ 80. _f._ 1. 2.

Acræa Cynthia, _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 234.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

_Upper Side._ Antennæ brown. Eyes, thorax, and abdomen black. Anterior
wings dark brown; a dark cream-coloured band rises at the middle of these
wings, and crossing the posterior meets at the abdominal edges a little
above the anus; a dark cream-coloured patch is also situated near the
tips, and a narrow reddish line runs from the body to the disk. Posterior
wings dark brown, having a row of five oblong lightish spots placed along
the lower edges.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Breast and abdomen streaked and spotted with
dark cream and black. Wings paler than on the upper side; the band and
patch not so conspicuous as on the anterior ones; a row of marks, like
acute angles, are placed along the edges of all the wings, the posterior
ones having a cluster of ten small black spots placed near the body.
Margins of the wings entire.

In Drury's manuscripts, which have come into my hands, it is stated that this insect was brought from Sierra Leone by Mr. Smeathman, and that "the original insect from which this figure was taken is destroyed, and was of a much livelier colour than those which I judge to be varieties of Cynthius."

PLATE XXXVIII.

HELICONIA IRENE.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. HELICONIA, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Helicon.), _Fabr._

HELICONIA IRENE. Alis oblongis, anticis nigris basi ferrugineo radiatis,
à medio ad extimum flavo-maculatis, posticis fulvis limbo exteriori
maculisque ante apicem nigris, singulis infrâ punctis marginalibus albis.
(Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Irene, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 165. _No._ 510. _Enc. Méth._ ix. _p._ 223. _No._ 60.

HABITAT: "Jamaica, Mr. Shakespear, 1779" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black at the base, but yellow at the tips. Thorax
black. Abdomen dark brown. Anterior wings black, with twelve different
shaped spots, occupying half the wings next the tips; these spots are
principally yellow, (one next the body being orange), and differ very
much in form and size; next the body are two narrow faint reddish
longitudinal streaks. Posterior wings dusky orange, the edges being
bordered with black from the middle of the anterior edges to the
abdominal corners; a square black spot is placed near the upper corners,
and two very small ones by the side of it.

_Under Side._ Palpi black. Breast streaked with white. Abdomen yellow.
Wings less brilliant; {52}but having much the same markings as on the
upper side; the black border on the posterior ones having a row of white
spots thereon, and another row is observable on the edges of the
anterior. Posterior wings dentated.

NYMPHALIS IOLE.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 2.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. NYMPHALIS, _Latr._ Papilio (Nymph. Gemmat.), _Drury_.

NYMPHALIS IOLE. Alis suprà basi fulvis, tunc nigris coeruleo-micantibus,
subtus nitenti-ferrugineis, strigis duabus nigris undulatis, posticis
caudatis. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Nymph. Phal.) Iole, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Stoll Suppl.
Cram._ _pl._ 29. _fig._ 4. 4. D.

Papilio (N) Furcula, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 79. _No._ 246. _Enc.
Méth._ ix. _p._ 360. 36. (Nymphalis F.) _Donovan Nat. Repos._ 5. 151.

HABITAT: "Jamaica" (_Drury_, in text). "Madras, Mr. Skeene, 1772"
(_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Eyes, thorax, and abdomen brown. Wings
brown-black, a considerable part of them encircling the body being dark
orange. Posterior wings furnished with two tails, rather lighter than the
other part.

_Under Side._ Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen cream-coloured. Wings
brown, having a blueish as well as a reddish hue, several waved lines
crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges; five small white
spots are placed next the tips, and several small black ones are situated
along the external edges of both wings.

HIPPARCHIA ANDROMEDA.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 3.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Nymphalidæ, _Swains._

GENUS. HIPPARCHIA, _Fabr._ Satyrus, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Helic. Parn.),
_Drury_.

HIPPARCHIA ANDROMEDA. Alis hyalinis, anticis strigis duabus fuscantibus,
posticis apice chermesinis ocello utrinque unico. (Expans. Alar. 2 unc. 3
lin.)

SYN. Papilio (P.) Andromeda, _Fabr. Syst. Ent._ 467. _No._ 107. _Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 184. _No._ 569.

Papilio (Hel. Parn.) Menander, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Herbst. Pap._
_t._ 84. _fig._ 6.

Papilio Philis, _Cramer_, 387. _fig._ E.

Papilio Pireta, _Cramer_, _pl._ 315. _fig._ A.

HABITAT: Jamaica (_Drury_). Surinam (_Enc. Méth._).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Two small white spots on the neck. Eyes,
thorax, and abdomen black. Wings perfectly transparent, the lower part of
the posterior beautiful carmine-red; close to the upper corner of these
wings is a round black spot encircled with yellow, and a small white one
on its edge; another white one, very minute, is also situated just below
it, which is barely discernible.

_Under Side._ Palpi white. Breast and abdomen grey. Wings are exactly the
same as on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire.

{53}HELICONIA SAPPHO.

Plate XXXVIII. fig. 4.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Diurna. FAMILY: Heliconiidæ, _Swainson_.

GENUS. HELICONIA, _Latr. God._ Papilio (Helicon.), _Fabr._

HELICONIA SAPPHO. Alis oblongis, supra atro coeruleis infrà nigris;
anticis utrinque fasciâ transversâ bifidâ; posticis margine exteriori
albis, his subtùs basi sanguineo radiatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 3 lin.)

SYN. Papilio (Hel. Parn.) Sapho, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Ent.
Syst._ III. 1. _p._ 165. _No._ 511. _Stoll Suppl. Cramer_, _pl._ 30. 2.
_&_ 2. B. _Herbst. Pap._ _tab._ 75. _f._ 7.

HABITAT: "Jamaica, Mr. Shakespear, 1779" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ black. Eyes brown. Thorax and abdomen black. Wings
mazarine blue; the anterior ones having a white band crossing them from
the middle of the anterior edges to the lower corners; the posterior
edged with a white border, intersected by the blue tendons of the wings.

_Under Side._ Palpi grey. Breast and abdomen black, streaked with white.
Wings black where they are blue on the upper side, with the same white
markings; but next the body are adorned with beautiful red streaks,
ending in points resembling rays issuing from it. Margins of the wings
entire.

PLATE XXXIX.

EREBUS ZENOBIA.

Plate XXXIX.

ORDER: Lepidoptera. SECTION: Nocturna. FAMILY: Noctuidæ, _Stephens_.

GENUS. EREBUS, _Latr._ Thysania, _Dalm._ Noctua p., _Fabr._

EREBUS ZENOBIA. Alis cinereis strigis dentatis et undulatis fuscis et
brunneis variegatis, subtùs ferrugineis nigro-undatis. (Expans. Alar. 5
unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Phalæna (Bombyx) Zenobia, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Cramer?_ _tab._
115. A. B.

Noctua Zenobia, _Fabr. Ent. Syst._ III. 2. _p._ 8. _No._ 1. _Gmel. Linn.
S. N._ 2529. 969. _Oliv. Enc. Méth._ 8. _p._ 251. 1.

HABITAT: "Jamaica, Mr. Kenchan, 1775" (_Drury's_ MSS.).

_Upper Side._ Antennæ setaceous and dark brown. Head the same. Thorax and
abdomen grey: having a tuft of black hairs standing between them. General
colour grey, faintly tinged with red. Anterior wings with a remarkable
irregular black bar running from the tips to the shoulders, crossing the
thorax horizontally, and parallel with the anterior edges; on the middle
of this edge is a triangular dark brown spot edged with black, and nearer
the body is a smaller one of the same shape and colour: a second narrower
black line is situate about half an inch below, and parallel with the
first, rising on the posterior edges, and extending across the wings
almost to the external ones. Posterior wings with a black irregular bar
arising near the external corners, and crossing them in a straight
direction, meeting at the extremity of the abdomen; just above this, and
almost close to it, is a very small and narrow waved black line running
parallel with it, but towards the end suddenly turns off, and reaches the
anterior edges. Besides the above markings there are a number of lighter
and darker shades interspersed on the different parts of the wings.

_Under Side._ Palpi reddish, the extremities brown. Tongue spiral. Legs
dark brown, mottled with red. Breast, abdomen, and sides red. Wings
greyish red, with black indented lines and bars running parallel with the
edges of the wings, and regularly placed one above another. Anterior
wings {54}having a black spot near their centre shaped like a
kidney-bean, with a small round one at a little distance nearer the body.
Posterior having likewise a small black spot about half an inch from the
base. Margins of the wings rather deeply scolloped.

PLATE XL.

GOLIATHUS DRURII.

Plate XL.

ORDER: Coleoptera. SECTION: Lamellicornes. FAMILY: Cetoniidæ.

GENUS. GOLIATHUS, _De Lamarck_. Cetonia, _Fabr._ Scarabæus, _Linn. Drury,
&c._

GOLIATHUS DRURII. Albidus, thorace lineis sex et disco elytrorum
irregulariter nigris, pedibus æneis, capite porrecto bifido. (Long. Corp.
4 unc.)

SYN. Goliathus Maximus var. _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3. _Fabr. Syst. Eleuth._
2. 135.

Cetonia Goliata, _Oliv. Ent._ 1. 6. _p._ 71. _t._ 9. _f._ 33. c.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone, Africa (_Drury_).

Head cream-coloured at top, and black underneath, being full
three-fourths of an inch in length, from the neck to the extremity of the
two horns which issue from the fore part of it, the sides of which are
furnished with two other thick horns which are shorter than the former.
Eyes black, and situated so as to discern above and beneath. Antennæ
black. Thorax an inch and a half long, cream-coloured, having a thin,
sharp, black edge all round; on the top are six longitudinal black
streaks differently shaped, separated by cream-coloured lines, the middle
ones being narrowest, on each side of which near the lateral edge is a
small single black spot; the under part of the thorax is cream-coloured.
Scutellum of a longish triangular shape, and cream-coloured. Elytra
cream-coloured, with a broad black streak like velvet, about a third of
their breadth, running near the lateral edges from the shoulders to the
tips. On each side the scutellum is a small black oblong spot, at about
one-third of an inch from it. Legs dark green, finely polished. The hairs
on the middle and hind thighs and tibiæ dark orange. Abdomen dark green.
Abdominal scales [posterior coxæ] the same; on which, close to the joints
of the hinder thighs, are two small cream-coloured spots. Sternum long,
and of a dark green colour.

I have ventured, on the authority of several distinguished entomologists, to give this insect as a species distinct from Goliathus maximus, figured in the first volume of these Illustrations, Pl. 31. It is true, indeed, that both are from the tropical districts of the western coast of Africa, and that both exhibit the same general structure and form of the horns, (the variations of which constitute the chief specific differences in these cornuted species). Drury evidently at first regarded it as specifically distinct, for he says, in his observation upon it, "This insect is of the same genus with that described in Vol. 1. Pl. XXXI., but I judge it to be a different species," although in the synoptical appendix to the volume he calls it "a variety of Goliathus," the markings are very different, as may be seen by comparing the two figures; but it might be considered that the specimen represented in the first volume was a rubbed individual of that here figured; this, however, is evidently not the case, because in both descriptions Drury expressly describes the dark part of the elytra as resembling velvet, which could not be the case if the specimen was {55}rubbed. Moreover, a very fine and recent specimen corresponding with the present figure has lately been received by Mr. Havill, of Oxford Street, printseller and naturalist, who has demanded the sum of fifty pounds for it. The individual here figured is in the collection of Mr. MacLeay, to whom I have been indebted for a sight of it, and by whose father it was purchased at the sale of Mr. Drury's collection at the price of £12. 1_s._ 6_d._, forming lot 95, in the first day's sale, Thursday May 23, 1805, and described in the catalogue as "Scarabæus Goliathus, var." I have also seen in the Royal Museum at Berlin a female of this genus having the head unarmed, and agreeing in colour and markings with the insect here figured, but which is regarded by Dr. Klug as a species distinct from the Goliath. maximus, and which he has recently described in Ermann's Voyage.

PLATE XLI.

MYRMELEON TORRIDUM.

Plate XLI.

ORDER: Neuroptera. SECTION: Filicornes. FAMILY: Myrmeleonidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. MYRMELEON, _Linn. &c._

MYRMELEON TORRIDUM. Capite thoraceque fulvescentibus, lineâ dorsali
nigrâ, hoc griseo-pubescenti, abdomine fusco, alis fusco-punctatis et
maculatis, maculis posticarum majoribus et versus apicem crucem
irregularem formantibus. (Expans. Alar. 6 unc. 9 lin.)

SYN. Myrmeleon Libelluloides var., _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

Antennæ black, slender, and thickest at the extremities. Head, neck, and
thorax yellowish brown, with a black longitudinal stripe running along
the middle. Four palpi, two of which are short; the other two long,
slender, and knobbed at the extremities. Thorax nearly covered with grey
hairs. Abdomen yellowish brown; but, when the insect was living, was
probably green. Wings of equal length, the anterior being broadest, all
marked with a great number of red-brown spots, and clouds of various
shapes and sizes, and appearing to be composed of fine lattice-work like
gauze, and perfectly transparent where they are not clouded. Legs nearly
of equal length, having two strong tibial spurs.

This is the insect referred to in the observations upon Myrmeleon Libelluloides figured in Vol. 1. tab. 46. fig. 1. as having been regarded by Drury and Fabricius as a variety of that South-Europæan species. That they are specifically distinct both in their habitat and characters will not, I think, be doubted. The peculiar dilatation of the extremity of the posterior wings is a curious character not found in the Libelluloides.

{56}PLATE XLII.

PEPSIS ATROX.

Plate XLII. fig. 1.

ORDER: Hymenoptera. SECTION: Fossores. FAMILY: Pompilidæ, _Leach_.

GENUS. PEPSIS, _Fabr. Latr._ Sphex, _Linn. Drury_.

PEPSIS ATROX. Nigra, alis fusco-diaphanis, pedibus fulvis. (Long. Corp. 2
unc. 3 lin. Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 6 lin.)

SYN. Sphex atrox, _Drury_, _App. vol._ 3.

HABITAT: Sierra Leone.

Head dark brown. Jaws strong: two of the palpi are long, the other two
short. Tongue dilated, and tufted at the tips. Eyes oblong, shining and
prominent. Thorax and abdomen brown-black. Abdominal peduncle short. In
the specimen figured the sting was exserted, curved, and furnished with
two short clavate instruments at its base. Wings thin, and diaphanous.
Legs yellow-brown, and furnished with a great number of short spines from
the claws to the base of the tibiæ. Tibiæ with two spurs, except those of
the fore-legs, which have but one.