Chapter XII: Part V: Manuals

THE COLOR.

766. The word "color" implies the national color; it includes the regimental color when both are present.

The rules prescribing the colors to be carried by regiments and battalions on all occasions are contained in Army Regulations.

767. In garrison the colors, when not in use, are kept in the office or quarters of the colonel, and are escorted thereto and therefrom by the color guard. In camp the colors, when not in use, are in front of the colonel's tent. From reveille to retreat, when the weather permits, they are displayed uncased; from retreat to reveille and during inclement weather they are cased.

Colors are said to be cased when furled and protected by the oil-cloth covering.

768. The regimental color salutes in the ceremony of escort of the color, and when saluting an officer entitled to the honor, but in no other case.

If marching, the salute is executed when at 6 paces from the officer entitled to the salute; the carry is resumed when 6 paces beyond him.

The national color renders no salute. (_C.I.D.R., No. 6._)

_The Color Guard._

769. The color guard consists of two color sergeants, who are the color bearers, and two experienced privates selected by the colonel. The senior color sergeant carries the national color; the junior color sergeant carries the regimental color. The regimental color, when carried, is always on the left of the national color, in whatever direction they may face.

770. The color guard is formed and marched in one rank, the color bearers in the center. It is marched in the same manner and by the same commands as a squad, substituting, when necessary, _guard_ for _squad_.

771. The color company is the center or right center company of the center or right center battalion. The color guard remains with that company unless otherwise directed.

772. In line the color guard is in the interval between the inner guides of the right and left center companies.

In line of columns or in close line, the color guard is midway between the right and left center companies and on line with the captains.

In column of companies or platoons the color guard is midway between the color company and the company in rear of the color company and equidistant from the flanks of the column.

In close column the color guard is on the flank of the color company.

In column of squads the color guard is in the column between the color company and the company originally on its left.

When the regiment is formed in line of masses for ceremonies, the color forms on the left of the leading company of the center (right center) battalion. It rejoins the color company when the regiment changes from line of masses. (_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

773. The color guard when with a battalion that takes the battle formation, joins the regimental reserve, whose commander directs the color guard to join a certain company of the reserve. (_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

774. The color guard executes neither loadings nor firings; in rendering honors, it executes all movements in the manual; in drill, all movements unless specially excused.

_To Receive the Color._

775. The color guard, by command of the senior color sergeant, presents arms on receiving and parting with the color. After parting with the color, the color guard is brought to order arms by command of the senior member who is placed as the right man of the guard.

776. At drills and ceremonies, excepting _escort of the color_, the color, if present, is received by the color company after its formation.

The formation of the color company completed, the captain faces to the front; the color guard, conducted by the senior sergeant, approaches from the front and halts at a distance of 10 paces from the captain, who then faces about, brings the company to the present, faces to the front, salutes, again faces about and brings the company to the order. The color guard comes to the present and order at the command of the captain, and is then marched by the color sergeant directly to its post on the left of the color company.

777. When the battalion is dismissed the color guard escorts the color to the office or quarters of the colonel.

_Manual of the Color._

778. At the _carry_ the heel of the pike rests in the socket of the sling; the right hand grasps the pike at the height of the shoulder.

At the _order_ the heel of the pike rests on the ground near the right toe, the right hand holding the pike in a vertical position.

At _parade rest_ the heel of the pike is on the ground, as at the _order_; the pike is held with both hands in front of the center of the body, left hand uppermost.

The _order_ is resumed at the command _attention_.

The left hand assists the right when necessary.

The _carry_ is the habitual position when the troops are at a shoulder, port, or trail.

The _order_ and _parade rest_ are executed with the troops.

_The color salute:_ Being at a carry, slip the right hand up the pike to the height of the eye, then lower the pike by straightening the arm to the front.

THE BAND.

779. The band is formed in two or more ranks, with sufficient intervals between the men and distances between the ranks to permit of a free use of the instruments.

The field music, when united, forms with and in rear of the band; when the band is not present the posts, movements, and duties of the field music are the same as prescribed for the band; when a musician is in charge his position is on the right of the front rank. When the battalion or regiment turns about by squads, the band executes the countermarch; when the battalion or regiment executes _right_, _left_, or _about face_, the band faces in the same manner.

In marching, each rank dresses to the right.

In executing _open ranks_ each rank of the band takes the distance of 3 paces from the rank next in front; the drum major verifies the alignment.

The field music sounds the _march_, _flourishes_, or _ruffles_, and _to the color_ at the signal of the drum major.

780. The drum major is 3 paces in front of the center of the front rank, and gives the signals or commands for the movements of the band as for a squad, substituting in the commands _band_ for _squad_.

_Signals of the Drum Major._

781. Preparatory to a signal the staff is held with the right hand near the head of the staff, hand below the chin, back to the front, ferrule pointed upward and to the right.

_Prepare to play:_ Face toward the band and extend the right arm to its full length in the direction of the staff. _Play:_ Bring the arm back to its original position in front of the body.

_Prepare to cease playing:_ Extend the right arm to its full length in the direction of the staff. _Cease playing:_ Bring the arm back to its original position in front of the body.

_To march:_ Turn the wrist and bring the staff to the front, the ferrule pointing upward and to the front; extend the arm to its full length in the direction of the staff.

_To halt:_ Lower the staff into the raised left hand and raise the staff horizontally above the head with both hands, the arms extended; lower the staff with both hands to a horizontal position at the height of the hips.

_To countermarch:_ Face toward the band and give the signal _to march_. The countermarch is executed by each front-rank man to the right of the drum major turning to the right about, each to the left, turning to the left about, each followed by the men covering him. The drum major passes through the center.

_To oblique:_ Bring the staff to a horizontal position, the head of the staff opposite the neck, the ferrule pointing in the direction the oblique is to be made; extend the arm to its full length in the direction of the staff.

_To march by the right flank:_ Extend the arm to the right, the staff vertical, ferrule upward, back of the hand to the rear.

_To march by the left flank:_ Extend the arm to the left, the staff vertical, ferrule upward, back of the hand to the front.

_To diminish front:_ Let the ferrule fall into the left hand at the height of the eyes, right hand at the height of the hip.

_To increase front:_ Let the ferrule fall into the left hand at the height of the hip, right hand at the height of the neck.

The _march_, _flourishes_, or _ruffles_: Bring the staff to a vertical position, hand opposite the neck, back of the hand to the front, ferrule pointing down.

_To the color:_ Bring the staff to a horizontal position at the height of the neck, back of the hand to the rear, ferrule pointing to the left.

When the band is playing, in marching, the drum major beats the time with his staff and supports the left hand at the hip, fingers in front, thumb to the rear.

The drum major, with staff in hand, salutes by bringing his staff to a vertical position, head of the staff up and opposite the left shoulder.

The drum major, marching in review with staff in hand, salutes by bringing his staff to a vertical position, head of the staff up and opposite the left shoulder.

At a halt, and the band not playing, the drum major holds his staff with the ferrule touching the ground about 1 inch from toe of right foot, at an angle of about 60°, ball pointing upward to the right, right hand grasping staff near the ball, back of the hand to the front: left hand at the hip, fingers in front, thumb to the rear. (_C.I.D.R., No. 6._)

MANUAL OF THE SABER.

782. 1. _Draw_, 2. _SABER_.

At the command _draw_ unhook the saber with the thumb and first two fingers of the left hand, thumb on the end of the hook, fingers lifting the upper ring; grasp the scabbard with the left hand at the upper band, bring the hilt a little forward, seize the grip with the right hand, and draw the blade 6 inches out of the scabbard, pressing the scabbard against the thigh with the left hand.

At the command _saber_ draw the saber quickly, raising the arm to its full extent to the right front, at an angle of about 45° with the horizontal, the saber, edge down, in a straight line with the arm; make a slight pause and bring the back of the blade against the shoulder, edge to the front, arm nearly extended, hand by the side, elbow back, third and fourth fingers back of the grip; at the same time hook up the scabbard with the thumb and first two fingers of the left hand, thumb through the upper ring, fingers supporting it; drop the left hand by the side.

_This is the position of carry saber dismounted._

Officers and noncommissioned officers armed with the saber unhook the scabbard before mounting; when mounted, in the first motion of _draw saber_ they reach with the right hand over the bridle hand and without the aid of the bridle hand draw the saber as before; the right hand at the _carry_ rests on the right thigh.

On foot the scabbard is carried hooked up.

783. When publishing orders, calling the roll, etc., the saber is held suspended from the right wrist by the saber knot; when the saber knot is used it is placed on the wrist before drawing saber and taken off after returning saber.

784. Being at the order or carry: 1. _Present_, 2. _SABER_ (or _ARMS_).

At the command _present_ raise and carry the saber to the front, base of the hilt as high as the chin and 6 inches in front of the neck, edge to the left, point 6 inches farther to the front than the hilt, thumb extended on the left of the grip, all fingers grasping the grip.

At the command _saber_, or _arms_, lower the saber, point in prolongation of the right foot and near the ground, edge to the left, hand by the side, thumb on left of grip, arm extended. If mounted, the hand is held behind the thigh, point a little to the right and front of the stirrup.

In rendering honors with troops officers execute the first motion of the salute at the command _present_, the second motion at the command _arms_; enlisted men with the saber execute the first motion at the command _arms_ and omit the second motion.

785. Being at a carry: 1. _Order_, 2. _SABER_ (or _ARMS_).

Drop the point of the saber directly to the front, point on or near the ground, edge down, thumb on back of grip.

Being at the _present saber_, should the next command be _order arms_, officers and noncommissioned officers armed with the saber _order saber_; if the command be other than _order arms_, they execute _carry saber_.

When arms are brought to the order the officers or enlisted men with the saber drawn _order saber_.

786. The saber is held at the carry while giving commands, marching at attention, or changing position in quick time.

When at the order sabers are brought to the carry when arms are brought to any position except the _present_ or _parade rest_. (_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

787. Being at the order: 1. _Parade_, 2. _REST_.

Take the position of parade rest except that the left hand is uppermost and rests on the right hand, point of saber on or near the ground in front of the center of the body, edge to the right.

At the command _attention_ resume the order saber and the position of the soldier.

788. In marching in double time the saber is carried diagonally across the breast, edge to the front; the left hand steadies the scabbard.

789. Officers and noncommissioned officers armed with the saber, on all duties under arms draw and return saber without waiting for command. All commands to soldiers under arms are given with the saber drawn.

790. Being at a carry: 1. _Return_, 2. _SABER_.

At the command _return_ carry the right hand opposite to and 6 inches from the left shoulder, saber vertical, edge to the left; at the same time unhook and lower the scabbard with the left hand and grasp it at the upper band.

At the command _saber_ drop the point to the rear and pass the blade across and along the left arm; turn the head slightly to the left, fixing the eyes on the opening of the scabbard, raise the right hand, insert and return the blade; free the wrist from the saber knot (if inserted in it), turn the head to the front, drop the right hand by the side; hook up the scabbard with the left hand, drop the left hand by the side.

Officers and noncommissioned officers armed with the saber, when mounted, return saber without using the left hand; the scabbard is hooked up on dismounting.

791. At inspection enlisted men with the saber drawn execute the first motion of _present saber_ and turn the wrist to show both sides of the blade, resuming the carry when the inspector has passed.

MANUAL OF TENT PITCHING.

_Shelter Tents._

792. Being in line or in column of platoons, the captain commands: _FORM FOR SHELTER TENTS_.

The officers, first sergeant, and guides fall out; the cooks form a file on the flank of the company nearest the kitchen, the first sergeant and right guide fall in, forming the right file of the company; blank files are filled by the file closers or by men taken from the front rank; the remaining guide, or guides, and file closers form on a convenient flank. Before forming column of platoons, preparatory to pitching tents, the company may be redivided into two or more platoons, regardless of the size of each. (_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

793. The captain then causes the company to take intervals as described in the School of the Squad, and commands: _PITCH TENTS_.

At the command _pitch tents_, each man steps off obliquely to the right with the right foot and lays his rifle on the ground, the butt of the rifle near the toe of the right foot, muzzle to the front, barrel to the left, and steps back into his place; each front-rank man then draws his bayonet and sticks it in the ground by the outside of the right heel.

Equipments are unslung, packs opened, shelter half and pins removed; each man then spreads his shelter half, small triangle to the rear, flat upon the ground the tent is to occupy, the rear-rank man's half on the right. The halves are then buttoned together; the guy loops at both ends of the lower half are passed through the buttonholes provided in the lower and upper halves; the whipped end of the guy rope is then passed through both guy loops and secured, this at both ends of the tent. Each front-rank man inserts the muzzle of his rifle under the front end of the ridge and holds the rifle upright, sling to the front, heel of butt on the ground beside the bayonet. His rear-rank man pins down the front corners of the tent on the line of bayonets, stretching the tent taut; he then inserts a pin in the eye of the front guy rope and drives the pin at such a distance in front of the rifle as to hold the rope taut; both men go to the rear of the tent, each pins down a corner, stretching the sides and rear of the tent before securing; the rear-rank man then inserts an intrenching tool, or a bayonet in its scabbard, under the rear end of the ridge inside the tent, the front-rank man pegging down the end of the rear guy ropes; the rest of the pins are then driven by both men, the rear-rank man working on the right.

The front flaps of the tent are not fastened down, but thrown back on the tent.

As soon as the tent is pitched each man arranges his equipment and the contents of his pack in the tent and stands at attention in front of his own half on line with the front guy-rope pin.

To have a uniform slope when the tents are pitched, the guy ropes should all be of the same length.

In shelter-tent camps, in localities where suitable material is procurable, tent poles may be improvised and used in lieu of the rifle and bayonet or intrenching tool as supports for the shelter tent. (_C.I.D.R., Nos. 2, 5 and 8._)

794. When the pack is not carried the company is formed for shelter tents, intervals are taken, arms are laid aside or on the ground, the men are dismissed and proceed to the wagon, secure their packs, return to their places, and pitch tents as heretofore described.

795. Double shelter tents may be pitched by first pitching one tent as heretofore described, then pitching a second tent against the opening of the first, using one rifle to support both tents, and passing the front guy ropes over and down the sides of the opposite tents. The front corner of one tent is not pegged down, but is thrown back to permit an opening into the tent.

_Single Sleeping Bag._

796. Spread the poncho on the ground, buttoned end at the feet, buttoned side to the left; fold the blanket once across its short dimension and lay it on the poncho, folded side along the right side of the poncho; tie the blanket together along the left side by means of the tapes provided; fold the left half of the poncho over the blanket and button it together along the side and bottom.

_Double Sleeping Bag._

797. Spread one poncho on the ground, buttoned end at the feet, buttoned side to the left; spread the blankets on top of the poncho; tie the edges of the blankets together with the tapes provided; spread a second poncho on top of the blankets, buttoned end at the feet, buttoned side to the right; button the two ponchos together along both sides and across the end.

_To Strike Shelter Tents._

798. The men standing in front of their tents: _STRIKE TENTS_.

Equipments and rifles are removed from the tent; the tents are lowered, packs made up, and equipments slung, and the men stand at attention in the places originally occupied after taking intervals. (_C.I.D.R., No. 8._)

_Common and Wall Tents._

799. To pitch all types of Army tents, except shelter and conical wall tents: Mark line of tents by driving a wall pin on the spot to be occupied by the right (or left) corner of each tent. For pyramidal tents the interval between adjacent pins should be about 30 feet, which will give a passage of two feet between tents. Spread tripod on the ground where the center of tent is to be, if tripod is used. Spread the tent on the ground to be occupied, door to the front, and place the right (or left) front wall loop over the pin. The door (or doors, if more than one) being fastened and held together at the bottom, the left (or right) corner wall loop is carried to the left (or right) as far as it will go and a wall pin driven through it, the pin being placed in line with the right (or left) corner pins already driven. At the same time the rear corner wall loops are pulled to the rear and outward so that the rear wall of the tent is stretched to complete the rectangle. Wall pins are then driven through these loops. Each corner pin should be directly in rear of the corresponding front corner pin, making a rectangle. Unless the canvas be wet, a small amount of slack should be allowed before the corner pins are driven. According to the size of the tent one or two men, crawling under the tent if necessary, fit each pole or ridge or upright into the ring or ridge pole holes, and such accessories as hood, fly, and brace ropes are adjusted. If a tripod be used an additional man will go under the tent to adjust it. The tent, steadied by the remaining men, one at each corner guy rope, will then be raised. If the tent is a ward or storage type, corner poles will now be placed at the four corners. The four corner guy ropes are then placed over the lower notches of the large pins driven in prolongation of the diagonals at such distance as to hold the walls and ends of the tent vertical and smooth when the guy ropes are drawn taut. A wall pin is then driven through each remaining wall loop and a large pin for each guy rope is driven in line with the corner guy pins already driven. The guy ropes of the tent are placed over the lower notches, while the guy ropes of the fly are placed over the upper notches, and are then drawn taut. Brace ropes, when used, are then secured to stakes or pins suitably placed. (_C.I.D.R., No. 11._)

800. Rescinded. (_C.I.D.R., No. 11._)

_Conical Wall Tent._

801. Drive the door pin and center pin 8 feet 3 inches apart. Using the hood lines with center pin as center, describe two concentric circles with radii 8 feet 3 inches and 11 feet 3 inches. In the outer circle drive two door guy pins 3 feet apart. At intervals of about 3 feet drive the other guy pin.

In other respects conical tents are erected practically as in the case of pyramidal tents. (_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

_To Strike Common, Wall, Pyramidal, and Conical Wall Tents._

802. _STRIKE TENTS._

The men first remove all pins except those of the four corner guy ropes, or the four quadrant guy ropes in the case of the conical wall tent. The pins are neatly piled or placed in their receptacle.

One man holds each guy, and when the ground is clear the tent is lowered, folded, or rolled and tied, the poles or tripod and pole fastened together, and the remaining pins collected.

_To Fold Tents._

803. For folding common, wall, hospital, and storage tents: Spread the tent flat on the ground, folded at the ridge so that bottoms of side walls are even, ends of tent forming triangles to the right and left; fold the triangular ends of the tent in toward the middle, making it rectangular in shape; fold the top over about 9 inches; fold the tent in two by carrying the top fold over clear to the foot; fold again in two from the top to the foot; throw all guys on tent except the second from each end; fold the ends in so as to cover about two-thirds of the second cloths; fold the left end over to meet the turned-in edge of the right end, then fold the right end over the top, completing the bundle; tie with the two exposed guys.

_Method of Folding Pyramidal Tent._

The tent is thrown toward the rear and the back wall and roof canvas pulled out smooth. This may be most easily accomplished by leaving the rear-corner wall pins in the ground with the wall loops attached, one man at each rear-corner guy, and one holding the square iron in a perpendicular position and pulling the canvas to its limit away from the former front of the tent. This leaves the three remaining sides of the tent on top of the rear side, with the door side in the middle.

Now carry the right-front corner over and lay it on the left-rear corner. Pull all canvas smooth, throw guys toward square iron, and pull bottom edges even. Then take the right-front corner and return to the right, covering the right-rear corner. This folds the right side of the tent on itself, with the crease in the middle and under the front side of tent.

Next carry the left-front corner to the right and back as described above; this when completed will leave the front and rear sides of the tent lying smooth and flat and the two side walls folded inward, each on itself.

Place the hood in the square iron which has been folded downward toward the bottom of tent, and continue to fold around the square iron as a core, pressing all folds down flat and smooth, and parallel with the bottom of the tent. If each fold is compactly made and the canvas kept smooth, the last fold will exactly cover the lower edge of the canvas. Lay all exposed guys along the folded canvas except the two on the center width, which should be pulled out and away from bottom edge to their extreme length for tying. Now, beginning at one end, fold toward the center on the first seam (that joining the first and second widths) and fold again toward the center so that the already folded canvas will come to within about 3 inches of the middle width. Then fold over to the opposite edge of middle width of canvas. Then begin folding from opposite end, folding the first width in half, then making a second fold to come within about 4 or 5 inches of that already folded, turn this fold entirely over that already folded. Take the exposed guys and draw them taut across each other, turn bundle over on the under guy, cross guys on top of bundle drawing tight. Turn bundle over on the crossed guys and tie lengthwise.

When properly tied and pressed together this will make a package 11 by 23 by 34 inches, requiring about 8,855 cubic inches to store or pack.

Stencil the organization designation on the lower half of the middle width of canvas in the back wall. (_C.I.D.R., Nos. 1 and 8._)

MANUAL OF THE BUGLE.

_Warning Calls._

804. _First call_, _guard mounting_, _full dress_, _overcoats_, _drill_, _stable_, _water_, and _boots and saddles_ precede the _assembly_ by such interval as may be prescribed by the commanding officer.

_Mess_, _church_, and _fatigue_, classed as service calls, may also be used as warning calls.

_First call_ is the first signal for formation for roll call and for all ceremonies except guard mounting.

_Guard mounting_ is the first signal for guard mounting.

The field music assembles at _first call_ and _guard mounting_.

In a mixed command, _boots and saddles_ is the signal to mounted troops that their formation is to be mounted; for mounted guard mounting or mounted drill, it immediately follows the signal _guard mounting_ or _drill_.

When full dress or overcoats are to be worn, the _full dress_ or _overcoat_ call immediately follows _first call_, _guard mounting_, or _boots and saddles_.

_Formation Calls._

805. _Assembly:_ The signal for companies or details to fall in.

_Adjutant's call:_ The signal for companies to form battalion; also for the guard details to form for guard mounting on the camp or garrison parade ground; it follows the _assembly_ at such interval as may be prescribed by the commanding officer.

It is also used as a signal for the battalions to form regiment, following the first _adjutant's call_ at such interval as the commanding officer may prescribe.

_To the color:_ Is sounded when the color salutes.

_Alarm Calls._

806. _Fire call:_ The signal for the men to fall in, without arms, to extinguish fire.

_To arms:_ The signal for the men to fall in, under arms, on their company parade grounds as quickly as possible.

_To horse:_ The signal for mounted men to proceed under arms to their horses, saddle, mount and assemble at a designated place as quickly as possible. In extended order this signal is used to remount troops.

_Service Calls._

807. _Tattoo_, _taps_, _mess_, _sick_, _church_, _recall_, _issue_, _officers'_, _captains'_, _first sergeants'_, _fatigue_, _school_, and _the general_.

_The general_ is the signal for striking tents and loading wagons preparatory to marching.

_Reveille_ precedes the _assembly_ for roll call; _retreat_ follows the _assembly_, the interval between being only that required for formation and roll call, except when there is parade.

_Taps_ is the signal for extinguishing lights; it is usually preceded by _call to quarters_ by such interval as prescribed by Army Regulations.

_Assembly_, _reveille_, _retreat_, _adjutant's call_, _to the color_, the _flourishes_, _ruffles_, and the _marches_ are sounded by all the field music united; the other calls, as a rule, are sounded by the musician of the guard or orderly musician; he may also sound the _assembly_ when the musicians are not united.

The morning gun is fired at the first note of reveille, or, if marches be played before _reveille_, it is fired at the commencement of the first march.

The evening gun is fired at the last note of _retreat_.

BUGLE CALLS.

1. FIRST CALL.

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2. GUARD MOUNTING.

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3. FULL DRESS.

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4. OVERCOATS.

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5. DRILL.

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6. STABLE.

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7. WATER.

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8. BOOTS AND SADDLES.

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9. ASSEMBLY.

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10. ADJUTANT'S CALL.

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11. TO THE COLOR.

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12. FIRE.

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13. TO ARMS.

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14. TO HORSE.

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15. REVEILLE.

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16. RETREAT.

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17. TATTOO.

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18. CALL TO QUARTERS.

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19. TAPS.

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20. MESS.

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21. SICK.

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22. CHURCH.

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23. RECALL.

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24. ISSUE.

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25. OFFICERS' CALL.

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26. CAPTAINS' CALL.

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27. FIRST SERGEANTS' CALL.

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28. FATIGUE.

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29. SCHOOL.

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29-1/2. THE GENERAL'S MARCH.

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(_C.I.D.R. No. 8, Sept. 3, 1914._)

30. THE GENERAL.

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30-1/2. FLOURISHES FOR REVIEW.

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(_C.I.D.R., No. 2._)

BUGLE SIGNALS.

See paragraph 41.

31. ASSEMBLE. MARCH.

Same as _Assembly_, No. 9.

32. ATTENTION.

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33. ATTENTION TO ORDERS.

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34. FORWARD. MARCH.

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35. HALT.

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36. DOUBLE TIME. MARCH.

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37. TO THE REAR. MARCH.

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38. COMMENCE FIRING.

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39. CEASE FIRING.

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40. FIX BAYONETS.

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41. CHARGE.

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