Chapter XV: Part I: (Glossina) was published in mem. XVIII, 1906, Liverpool

School Trop. Med.

TULLOCK, F. Internal Anatomy of _Stomoxys_. _Proc. Roy. Soc._,
London, 77, Series B, 1906, pp. 523-531. Descriptions and drawings
comparing with _Glossina_.

TSETSE-FLIES

AUSTEN, E.E. A Monograph of the Tsetse-flies. Published by order of
the Trustees of the British Museum, 1903.

MANSON, P. Tsetse-flies. In _Trop. Diseases_, p. 174. Description
of genus; table of species; distribution; reproduction, habits.

MINCHIN, E.A. Report of Anatomy of the Tsetse-fly (_Glossina
palpalis_). _Proc. Roy. Soc._, London, 76, Series B, 1905, pp.
531-547. Good account of internal anatomy of this fly, important
because of its relation to trypanosomiasis.

MINCHIN, E.A. The Breeding-habits of the Tsetse-fly. _Nature_, Oct.
25, 1906, p. 636.

MINCHIN, E.A., GRAY, A.C.H., AND TULLOCK, F.M.G. (Sleeping Sickness
Com.) _Glossina palpalis_ in Its Relation to _Trypanosoma
gambiense_ and Other Trypanosomes (Preliminary Report). _Proc. Roy.
Soc._, Vol. 78, 1906, pp. 242-258. Report on certain experiments in
feeding these flies on infected animals and in allowing supposedly
infected flies to feed on various animals.

NOVY, F.G. The Trypanosomes of Tsetse-flies. _Jour. Infec. Dis._,
III, 1906, pp. 394-411. Notes on the various species.

TRYPANOSOMES AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS

BRUCE, DAVID. Trypanosomiasis. _Osler's Mod. Med._, Vol. I, 1907,
p. 460. A discussion of _Trypanosoma lewisi_, _evansi_, _brucei_,
_gambiensi_, and the diseases caused by them.

DUTTON, J.E., TODD, J.L., AND HARRINGTON, J.W.B. Trypanosome
Transmission Experiments. _Am. Trop. Med. & Parasit._, Vol. I, No.
2, June 15, 1907, pp. 201-229. Sections on attempts to transmit
trypanosomes by tsetse-flies; by other blood-sucking Arthropods,
etc., conclude that trypanosomes may be mechanically transmitted by
the bite of blood-sucking Arthropods.

HOOKER, W.A. Descriptions of Certain Trypanosomes, and Review of
the Present Knowledge of the Rôle of Ticks in the Dissemination of
Disease. _Jour. Econ. Ento._, Vol. I, No. 1, 1908, pp. 65-76. Good
review, tables and literature.

MINCHIN, E.A. Investigations on the Development of Trypanosomes in
Tsetse-flies and Other _Diptera_. _Quart. Jour. Micro. Sci._, 1908,
pp. 159-260.

MUSGROVE, W.E., AND CLEGG, M.T. Trypanosomes and Trypanosomiasis,
with Special Reference to Surra in the Philippine Islands.
_Biological Lab., Bull. No. 5_, Manila, 1903. Discuss flies, fleas,
mosquitoes, lice and ticks as possible disseminators of the
disease.

NOVY, T.G., MCNEAL, M.J., AND TORRY, H.M. The Trypanosomes of
Mosquitoes and Other Insects. _Jour. Infec. Diseases_, IV, 1907,
pp. 223-276. These parasites are often found in mosquitoes and
other insects. Bibliography.

NUTTALL, G.H.F. The Transmission of _Trypanosoma lewisi_ by Fleas
and Lice. _Parasitology_, Vol. I, No. 4, Dec., 1908, pp. 296-301.
This rat trypanosome is transmitted by fleas and lice.

OLD, J.E.S. Contribution to the Study of Trypanosomiasis and to the
Geographical Distribution of Some of the Blood-sucking Insects,
etc. _Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._, 12, Jan. 15, 1909, pp. 15-22. Notes
on blood-sucking _Diptera_ and ticks.

ROGERS, LEONARD. The Transmission of the _Trypanosoma evansi_ by
House-flies and Other Experiments Pointing to the Probable Identity
of Surra of India and Nagana or Tsetse-fly Disease of Africa.
_Proc. Roy. Soc._, Vol. LXVIII, 1901, pp. 163-170.

THIMM, C.A. Bibliography of Trypanosomiasis; embracing original
papers published prior to April 1909, and references to works and
papers on tsetse-flies. London, 1909.

TODD, J.L. A Note on Recent Trypanosome Transmission Experiments.
_Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._, 12, Sept., 1909, p. 260. Show that they
develop in _G. palpalis_ when taken from their mammal host at the
proper stage of development.

WOODCOCK, H.M. The Hæmoflagellates: a Review of Present Knowledge
Relating to the Trypanosomes and Allied Forms. _Quar. Jour. Micro.
Sci._, Vol. 50, 1906, pp. 151-331. Characteristics; mode of
infection; effects on host; biological considerations; life-cycle,
etc. _Spirochaetæ_; bibliography. Important article.

Trypanosomiasis and Sleeping Sickness. _Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._,
II, pp. 146-147, 162, 179-180, 196. List of recent literature.

SLEEPING SICKNESS

BAGSHAWE, A.G. Recent Advances in Our Knowledge of Sleeping
Sickness. _Lancet_, II, 1909, pp. 1193-97. A summing up of the
important discoveries of the preceding year.

HEARSEY, H. Sleeping Sickness. _Jour. Trop. Met. & Hyg._, 12, Sept.
1, 1909, pp. 263-264. Report on work accomplished particularly in
relation to the distribution of _Glossina_ and other biting flies.

JARVIS, C. Sleeping Sickness. _Internat. Clinics_, Vol. II, 1904,
pp. 37-44. Shows the relation of the tsetse-fly to this disease.

LANKESTER, E.R. The Sleeping Sickness. _Quar. Review_, July, 1904,
p. 113. Discovery and early history; the fly, the parasite; other
related parasites. Relation of parasites to their hosts.

MINCHIN, E.A. The Ætiology of Sleeping Sickness. _Nature_, Nov. 15,
1906, pp. 56-59.

WOLLASTON, A.F.R. Amid the Snow Peaks of the Equator: a
Naturalist's Explorations Around Ruwenzori, with an _Account of the
Terrible Scourge of Sleeping Sickness_. _Nat. Geo. Mag._, XX, No.
3, Mar., 1909. Abstracted from "From Ruwenzori to the Congo" by
above author.

Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Com. of the Royal Society, I to
IX, 1903 to 1908. Studies and experiments with the trypanosomes and
flies concerned in this disease. Later articles by this commission
are to be found in the _Pro. Royal Soc._, Series B, LXXXI and
LXXXII.

Sleeping Sickness Bureau Bulletins, 1 to 14, 1908-1910. Records of
studies and experiments with trypanosomes and tsetse-flies, etc.

Transmission of Sleeping Sickness. Editorial in _Jour. Amer. Med.
Assn._, 53, Oct. 2, 1909, pp. 1104-05. Reviews recent experiments
and studies.

ROCKY MOUNTAIN FEVER AND TICKS

ANDERSON, J.F. Spotted Fever (Tick Fever) of the Rocky Mountains.
_Hyg. Lab. Pub. Health and Mar. Hospt. Ser., Bull. 14_, 1903.
Distribution, ætiology, etc. Believes that ticks are responsible
for the transmission of the disease.

COOLEY, R.A. Preliminary Report on the Wood-tick. _Bull. 75, Mont.
Ex. Stn._, 1908. Sums up Ricketts' finding; notes on life-history
in laboratory and field.

KING, W.W. Experimental Transmission of Rocky Mountain Fever by
Means of the Tick. Preliminary note. _Pub. Health and Mar. Hospt.
Ser._, 21, July 27, 1906, pp. 863-864. Conveyed this fever from one
guinea-pig to another by means of the tick.

RICKETTS, H.T. The Transmission of Rocky Mountain Fever by the Bite
of the Wood-tick (_Dermacentor occidentalis_). _Jour. Amer. Med.
Assn._, Vol. 47, Aug., 1906, p. 358. Guinea-pig successfully
inoculated by means of tick.

RICKETTS, H.T. The Rôle of the Wood-tick (_Dermacentor
occidentalis_) in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. _Jour. Amer. Med.
Assn._, Vol. 49, July 6, 1907, pp. 24-27. Notes on experiments
conducted and studies made. Takes position that these experiments
connect the tick with the transmission of the fever.

ROBINSON, A.A. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. _Med. Rec._, Nov. 28,
1908. Occurrence and distribution of the disease; review of the
various theories in regard to its transmission. P.E. Jones of Salt
Lake believes it is transmitted by mosquitoes.

STILES, C.W. A Zoölogical Investigation Into the Cause,
Transmission and Source of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. _Hyg. Lab.
Pub. Health and Mar. Hospt. Ser., Bull. 20_, 1905. Does not find
the parasite that had been recorded by others, and finds no
evidence to indicate that the ticks transmit the disease.

WILSON, L.B., AND CHANNING, W.M. Studies in _Pyroplasmosis hominis_
(Spotted Fever or Tick Fever of the Rocky Mountains). _Jour. Infec.
Diseases_, 1, 1904, pp. 31-57. Evidence that the disease is
transmitted solely by means of the ticks.

TICKS AND VARIOUS DISEASES

BANKS, NATHAN. Tick-borne Diseases and Their Origin. _Jour. Eco.
Ento._, Vol. I, No. 3, 1908, pp. 213-215. Shows how ticks may
become important disease-carriers by changing their hosts as the
normal host is exterminated, or for other reasons.

BANKS, NATHAN. A Revision of the Ixodoidea or Ticks of the United
States. _Tech. Series No. 15, Bull. of Bureau of Ento., U.S. Dept.
Agric._, 1908. Structure, life-history, classification, catalogue,
bibliography.

BARBER, C.A. The Tick Pest in the Tropics. _Nature_, 52, 1895, pp.
197-200. Direct and indirect effects of ticks on their hosts.

CHRISTY, C. _Ornithodoros moubata_ and Tick Fever in Man. _Brit.
Med. Jour._, Vol. II, 1903, p. 652. Relation of the tick to
_Filaria perstans_.

DUTTON, J.E., AND TODD, J.L. The Nature of Human Tick Fever in the
Eastern Part of the Congo Free State with Notes on the Distribution
and Bionomics of the Tick. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
_Memoir_, 17, Nov., 1905, pp. 1-18.

HOOKER, W.A. A Review of the Present Knowledge of the Rôle of Ticks
in the Transmission of Disease. _Jour. Eco. Ento._, Vol. I, No. 1,
1908, p. 65. Review of the subject; table showing zoölogical
position of parasites transmitted by ticks. Table showing
zoölogical position of ticks.

HOOKER, W.A. Life-history, Habits and Methods of Study of the
Ixodoidea. _Jour. Eco. Ento._, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1908, p. 34. Notes on
several species, especially _M. annulatus_. Host relationship;
adaptations as factors in host relationship; mating; geographical
distribution; methods of breeding, etc.

HOOKER, W.A. Some Host Relations of Ticks. _Jour. Eco. Ento._, Vol.
2, No. 3, 1909, p. 251. Notes on ticks found on various hosts.

HUNTER, W.D., AND HOOKER, W.A. Information Concerning the North
American Fever Tick with Notes on Other Species. _Bull. 72, Bureau
of Ento._, 1907. Life-history, host relation, etc., of fever tick;
classification and notes on other species; bibliography divided
into sections.

LOUNSBURY, C.P. Habits and Peculiarities of Some South African
Ticks. _Rept. of the Brit. Assn. for the Advancement of Sci._, 1905
(South Africa), pp. 282-291.

MCCRAE, THOMAS. Relapsing Fever. _Osler's Mod. Med._, Vol. II, p.
245, 1907. Ætiology, symptoms, treatment, etc. (Apparently
communicated by blood-sucking insects.)

NEWSTEAD, R. On the Pathogenic Ticks Concerned in the Distribution
of Diseases in Man. _Brit. Med. Jour._, II, 1905, pp. 1695-97.
Classification and habits, particularly of _Ornithodoros moubata_.

NUTTALL, G.H.F. The Ixodoidea or Ticks. _Jour. of Roy. Inst. of
Pub. Health_, 1908. List of disease-bearing ticks. Position of
ticks, classification. Biology. Preventive measures.

NUTTALL, G.H.F. Piroplasmosis. _Jour. Roy. Inst. of Pub. Health_,
1908. What piroplasma are; diseases produced by them. Biology.

NUTTALL, GEO. F., and co-workers. _Canine Piroplasmosis_, Parts I
to VI. _Jour. Hyg._, Vol. 4, No. 2, Apr., 1904, to Vol. 7, No. 2,
Apr., 1907. A thorough discussion of the disease, the parasite
which causes it and the ticks which convey it.

POCOCK, R.I. Ticks. In Albutt and Rolleston's _System of Med._, II,
1907, pp. 187-203. Classification; description of the best-known
pathogenic species. Extended bibliography.

SKINNER, B. Preliminary Note on Ticks Infecting the Rats Suffering
from the Plague. _Brit. Med. Jour._, Vol. II, 1907, p. 457. Records
taking tick on a plague-sick rat and finding bacilli similar to
plague bacilli in connection with it.

SMITH, T., AND KILBORNE, F.L. Texas Fever. _U.S. Dept. Agric.
Bureau of Animal Industry, Bull. No. 1_, 1893. Records of the
experiments showing disease to be transmitted by ticks.

WELLMAN, F.C. Preliminary Note on Some Bodies Found in
Ticks--_Ornithodoros moubata_--Fed on Blood Containing Embryos of
Filaria. _Brit. Med. Jour._, July 20, 1907, p. 142. Believes that
_F. perstans_ is conveyed from man to tick and from tick to man.

KALA-AZAR AND BEDBUGS

GIRAULT, A.A. The Indian Bedbug and Kala-azar Disease. _Sci._,
N.S., Vol. XXV, 1907, p. 1004. Indian bedbug is _C. rotundatus_
Sig. Its distribution. Summary of Dr. Patton's paper on
"Preliminary Report on the Development of the Leishman-Donovan Body
in the Bedbug."

PATTON, W.S. The Development of the Leishman-Donovan Parasite in
_Cimex rotundatus_. _Scientific Mem. of Gov. of India_, Nos. 27 and
31, 1907. Traces the development of this parasite; believes that
the bedbug is concerned in transmitting this disease.

See also Manson's _Tropical Diseases_, pp. 178-190.

TEXT OR REFERENCE BOOKS IN WHICH THE RELATION OF INSECTS TO VARIOUS DISEASES IS DISCUSSED

ABBOTT, A.C. Hygiene of Transmissible Diseases. Phil., 1899.
Causes, modes of dissemination, prevention, treatment of infectious
and contagious diseases.

ALLBUTT, T.C., AND ROLLESTON, H.D. A System of Medicine. London,
1907. Vol. II, Pt. II, contains sections on tropical diseases;
animal parasites and the diseases they carry and zoölogical
articles dealing with Protozoa, mosquitoes, flies and ticks. All
articles have bibliographies, some of them quite extensive.

BALFOUR, ANDREW. Review of Recent Advances in Tropical Medicine.
Supplement to _Third Rept. Wellcome Research Lab._, London, 1908.
Notes, extracts and references in regard to important articles
during the preceding few months.

DANIELS, C.W. Studies in Laboratory Work, 2d ed., London, 1907. A
good discussion of animal parasites in the blood and blood-plasma;
development of malarial parasites in mosquitoes; flies, fleas,
lice, bedbugs, ticks, etc.

JACKSON, C.W. Tropical Medicine. Phil., 1907. Discusses diseases
due to bacteria and the parasites and uncertain causes. Splendid
recent summary of the various ways in which the different diseases
are disseminated.

LANGFELD, MILLARD. Introduction to Infectious and Parasitic
Diseases, Including Their Causes and Manner of Transmission. Phil.,
1907. Chapters on infection, animal parasites, avenues of exit and
portals of entry of infectious agents and parasites into the body.

MANSON, PATRICK. Lectures on Tropical Diseases. London, 1905.
Delivered at Cooper Medical College, 1905. Discusses several of
these diseases. Last chapter on problems in tropical medicine.

MANSON, PATRICK. Tropical Diseases. London, 1907, Diseases of the
tropics discussed in a very comprehensive manner. Considerable
attention given to the part played by insects in the transmission
of many of the diseases.

METCHNIKOFF, E. Immunity in Infectious Diseases. (Trans. from the
French by F.G. Binnie.) Cambridge, 1905. Splendid discussion of
various kinds of immunity. Insects referred to occasionally.

OSLER'S _Modern Medicine_. Vol. I, 1907, Pt. VI, Diseases Caused by
Protozoa. Part VII, Diseases Caused by Animal Parasites. Vol. II,
1907, Infectious Diseases. Vol. III, Infectious Diseases (cont.).
One of the best and most modern text-books; the volumes noted above
contain many references to the relation of insects to the
particular diseases under discussion.

PARK, W.H. Pathogenic Micro-organisms, Including Bacteria and
Protozoa. N.Y., 1908. These organisms comprehensively treated.

RICKETTS, H.T. Infection, Immunity and Serum Therapy. Chicago,
1906. Chapters on parasitism, infection, contagion, immunity,
various diseases, etc.

SCHEUBE, B. The Diseases of Warm Countries: a Handbook for Medical
Men. Trans. from Ger. by Pauline Falcke, London, 1903. Sections on
general infectious diseases, diseases caused by animal parasites,
etc. Good bibliography of each disease treated.

SIMPSON, W.J.R. The Principles of Hygiene as Applied to Tropical
and Subtropical Climates. London, 1908. Occasional references to
flies and mosquitoes as carriers of disease. Chapter XV deals with
malaria and other diseases caused by mosquitoes.

WILSON, J.C. Modern Clinical Medicine; Infectious Diseases. New
York and London, 1905. Chapters on yellow fever, malarial diseases
and plague; contains references to the relation of insects to these
diseases.

MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES

BALFOUR, ANDREW. Further Observations on Fowl Spirochætosis. _Jour.
Trop. Med. & Hyg._, 12, Oct. 1, 1909, pp. 285-289. Ticks and lice
may carry this disease.

CHITTENDEN, F.H. Harvest-mites or "Chiggers." _Circular 77, U.S.
Dept. Agric. Bur. Ento._, 1906, pp. 1-16. Descriptions of these
pests and their habits. Remedies.

DOTY, A.H. The Means by Which Infectious Diseases Are Transmitted.
_Amer. Jour. of Med. Sci._, 138, July, 1909, pp. 30-39. Flies and
mosquitoes as disseminators of disease briefly discussed.

DUNCAN, F.M. Industrial Entomology: the Economic Importance of a
Study of Insect Life. _Jour. Roy. Soc. Arts_, May 22, 1908, pp.
688-696. A very interesting review of the subject of insects and
disease.

FLEXNER, SIMON. _Science_, N.S., Vol. 27, No. 682, Jan. 24, 1908,
pp. 133-136. On these pages the author discusses relation of
bacteria and Protozoa to human diseases.

GOLDBERGER, JOS., AND SHAMBERG, J.F. Epidemic of an _Utricaroid
dermatitis_ Due to a Small Mite (_Pediculoides ventricosus_) in the
Straw of Mattresses. _Pub. Health Rept., Pub. Health and Mar.
Hospt. Ser._, July 9, 1909, Vol. XXIV, No. 28. Experiments showed
that a certain skin disease occurring during summer was due to this
mite.

GORGAS, W.C. The Part Sanitation Is Playing in the Construction of
the Panama Canal. _Jour. Amer. Med. Assn._, 53, Aug. 21, 1909, pp.
597-599. Shows the changes that have been brought about by modern
sanitation and the destroying of the mosquitoes' breeding-places.

HOWARD, L.O. Hydrocyanic-acid Gas Against Household Insects.
_Circular 46, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. of Ento._, 1902. Directions
for handling this dangerous gas.

KING, A.F.G. Insects and Disease; Mosquitoes and Malaria. _Pop.
Sci. Mo._, XXIII, 1883, pp. 644-658. Extended article in which the
author sums up the observations which led him to believe that
malaria and other diseases were transmitted by the mosquito. One of
the earliest articles on this subject; refers to an article in _New
Orleans Med. & Surg. Jour._, Vol. IV, 1848, pp. 563-601, by Josiah
Nott, who maintained that yellow fever was carried by mosquitoes.

MANSON, PATRICK. Recent Advances in Science and Their Bearing on
Medicine and Surgery. _Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._, XI, pp. 337-338,
Sept. 16, 1908. Discussion of parasites and disease and their
methods of dissemination.

NEWSTEAD, R., DUTTON, J.E., AND TODD, J.L. Insects and Other
Arthropoda Collected in the Congo Free State. _Ann. Trop. Med. &
Parasit._, Vol. 1, No. 1, Feb. 1, 1907, pp. 3-100. An interesting
paper giving notes on many insects that cause or carry disease.

NUTTALL, G.H.F. Spirochætosis in Man and Animals. _Jour. of Roy.
Inst. of Pub. Health_, 1908. Why Spirochætes should be regarded as
Protozoa. Classification; list of blood-inhabiting forms; relapsing
fevers; transmission by ticks and other Arthropods.

O'CONNELL, M.D. The Oversea Transport of Insect-borne Disease.
_Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._, XI, 43, Feb. 1, 1908. Refers to article
in same journal (Jan. 15) and points out that malaria is very
likely to be transmitted by mosquitoes in this way.

OSBORN, HERBERT. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals. _U.S. Dept. of
Agric., Div. of Ento., Bull. No. 5_, N.S., 1896. Discusses the
various insect pests of man and domestic animals Host lists.
Bibliography.

RICKETS, H.T., AND WILDER, R.M. The Typhus Fever of Mexico. _Jour.
Amer. Med. Assn._, LIV, No. 6, Feb. 5, 1910, p. 463. Believes this
disease is transmitted by insects, probably lice.

RITCHIE, JAMES. A Review of Current Theories Regarding Immunity.
_Jour. Hyg._, 2, 1902, pp. 215-285, and pp. 452-464. Discussion of
various theories. Bibliography.

SHIPLEY, A.E. On the Relation of Certain Cestode and Nematoda
Parasites to Bacterial Disease. _Jour. of Eco. Biol._, 4, 1909, pp.
61-71. Shows that these parasites may often cause serious diseases
by opening the way for malignant germs.

WARD, H.B. Spirochetes and Their Relationship to Other Organisms.
_Amer. Nat._, 42, 1908, No. 498, pp. 374-387. Still undecided as to
whether they belong with bacteria or Protozoa, probably the latter.

WARD, H.B. The Relation of Animals to Disease. _Science_, N.S., 22,
1905, pp. 193-203. An interesting, comprehensive review of the
subject.

WARD, HENRY B. Relation of Animals to Disease. _Transactions of
Amer. Micro. Soc._, Vol. 27, 1907, pp. 5-20. The various ways in
which animals may produce or carry disease.

The Oversea Transport of Insect-borne Diseases. Editorial in
_Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg._, XI, Jan. 15, 1908, pp. 22-23. Points out
the danger of yellow fever, plague and other diseases being borne
overseas by infected insects.

The Society for the Destruction of Vermin. Editorial in _Jour.
Trop. Med. & Hyg._, XI, Apr. 15, 1908, p. 124. Tells of
organization of such society and its purposes.

INDEX

Adams, S.H., 132.

Advisory Committee, 146.

Agramonte, Dr. Aristides, 123.

Alimentary canal, fly larvæ in, 49.

Amoeba, 19.

Anopheles,
adults, 91;
eggs, 92;
habits of adults, 94;
larvæ, 78, 79, 93;
pupæ, 93;
resting position, 92;
species in U.S., 92.

Anthrax, 44;
and flies, 70.

Arthropoda, 26.

Asexual reproduction, 111.

Bacillus,
anthracis, 44;
icteroides, 124;
lepræ, 171;
pestis, 150.

Bacillus carriers, 66.

Back-swimmers, 100.

Bacteria, 15;
saprophytic and parasitic, 17;
effect on host, 18;
dissemination, 18.

Bedbugs, 54, 147.

Banks, Nathan, 34.

Bell-animalcule, 22.

Berne, 51.

Birds as enemies of mosquitoes, 99.

Black-flies, 46.

Blackheads, 35.

Blow-flies, 48.

Blue, Dr. Rupert, 143.

Blue-bottle flies, 48.

Bot-flies, 50.

Break-bone fever, 169.

Breeze-fly, 44.

Buffalo-gnats, 46.

Calliphora vomitoria, 48.

Camphor, for mosquitoes, 102.

Cancer, 36.

Carroll, Dr. James, 123.

Castor-bean tick, 27.

Cattle tick, 29.

Cedar oil, for mosquitoes, 102.

Ceratophyllus,
faciatus, 153;
acutus, 156.

Cesspools, 72.

Chigger, 53.

Chigger-flea, 53.

Chigo, 30, 39.

Chigoe, 53.

Cholera, 68.

Chrysomyia macellaria, 47.

Cimex,
lectularis, 54;
rotundatus, 173.

Contagious diseases, 8.

Conjugation, 20.

Cooley, Prof. R.A., 33.

Craig, Dr. C.F., 118.

Ctenocephalus,
canis, 154;
felis, 154.

Culex,
fatigans, 96, 170;
pipiens, 98.

Dengue, 169.

Dermatobia cyaniventris, 51.

Dermatophilus penetrans, 53.

Diarrhea, 69.

Diptera, 43.

Diving beetles, 100.

Dragon-flies, 99.

Dysentery, 20.

Eggs,
of flies, 63;
of mosquitoes, 77;
of Anopheles, 92.

Egyptian opthalmia, 52.

Elephantiasis, 164.

Enemies of mosquitoes, 97.

Enteritis, 69.

Euglena, 21.

Eye-worm, 12.

Face-mite, 35.

Fighting mosquitoes,
adults, 101;
larvæ, 103.

Fiji Islands, Anopheles in, 117.

Filaria bancrofti, 164.

Finlay, Dr. Charles, 124.

Fish, 100.

Flagella, 20.

Fleas, 52;
and plague, 142, 145, 147;
structure and habits, 151;
common species, 153;
on ground squirrels, 156;
remedies for, 157.

Flies, 43;
and typhoid, 65;
specks, 66;
and various diseases, 68.

Flesh-flies, 48.

Fumigating for mosquitoes, 102.

Gad-fly, 43.

Glossina palpalis, 163.

Golgi, Camillo, 109.

Grassi, Prof. G.B., 118.

Gray-flies, 47.

Ground squirrels and plague, 155.

Guinea-worm, 11.

Hæmamoeba, 109.

Hæmatobia, 45.

Hæmosporidiida, 24.

Hæmotopinus spinulosus, 55.

Harvest-mite, 37.

Havana, yellow fever in, 131.

Hawaii, mosquitoes in, 98.

Hemiptera, 54.

Homalomyia canicularis, 49.

Hoplopsyllus anomalus, 156.

Horse bot-flies, 50.

House-flies, 57;
structure, 59;
how they carry bacteria, 62;
life-history and habits, 63;
fighting, 71;
and typhoid, 65.

Horse-flies, 43.

Howard, Dr. L.O., 59, 73.

Hyperparasitism, 3.

Immunity, 5.

Indian Plague Commission, 144.

Infectious diseases, 8.

Infusoria, 22.

Insects,
cause or carry disease, 40;
numbers, 40;
annual loss caused by, 41;
how they carry disease germs, 55.

Irrigating ditches, 104.

Itch-mite, 36.

Jackson, Dr. D.D., 67.

Jennings, 22.

Jiggers, 38, 53.

Jigger-flea, 53.

Kala-azar, 173.

Kerosene, 104.

Koch, 44.

Læmopsylla cheopus, 153.

Lamprey-eel, 2.

Lancisi, J.M., 107.

Larvæ,
of flies, 64;
of mosquitoes, 78.

Laveran, A., 108.

Laverania, 109.

Lazear, Dr. Jessie W., 123.

Leeuwenhoek, Anton von, 22.

Lepra bacillus, 36.

Leprosy, 36, 70, 171.

Lice, 54.

Linnæus, 76.

Little house-fly, 49.

Lock-jaw, 18.

Low, Dr. A., 118.

Lucilia spp., 48.

Lugger, Prof. Otto, 38.

Malaria,
early theories in regard to, 106;
parasite that causes, 108;
life history of parasite, 109;
parasite in mosquito, 113;
summary, 117;
experiments, 118.

Maggots, 63.

Malta or Mediterranean fever, 171.

Mange, 37.

Manure-fly, 59.

Manson, Sir Patrick, 112, 123.

Mastigophora, 20.

Melanin, 110.

Micrococcus melitensis, 171.

Microbes, 10.

Mites, 26, 35.

Mosquito, 76;
abdomen, 86;
adults, 81;
Anopheles, 91;
how they bite, 84;
effect of bite, 87;
blood, 90;
how they breathe, 89;
classification, 91;
and dengue, 169;
eggs, 77;
and elephantiasis, 164;
enemies, 77;
fighting, adults, 101;
larvæ, 103;
larvæ, 78;
and malaria, 106;
malarial parasite in, 113;
mouth-parts, 83;
other species, 96;
pupæ, 80;
salivary glands, 87;
thorax, 85;
and yellow fever, 94, 120.

Mouth-parts,
of fly, 60;
of mosquito, 83.

Mus,
norvegicus, 154;
rattus, 154.

Nanga, 45.

Nematodes, 164.

New Orleans, yellow fever in, 120, 132.

Noctiluca, 21.

No-see-ums, 46.

Ochromyia anthropophaga, 49.

Oil of citronella, 102.

Oil of pennyroyal, 102.

Oriental sore, 174.

Ornithodorus moubata, 34.

Oscinidæ, 52.

Otospermophilus beecheyi, 155.

Oxwarbles, 50.

Panama Canal zone, 135.

Paramoecium, 22.

Parasite,
defined, 1;
classes of, 4;
in new regions, 5;
diseases caused by, 7;
effect on host, 9;
relation to host, 14.

Parasitism, 3.

Pasteur, L., 44.

Pearls, 13.

Piroplasma bigeminum, 29.

Plague,
early history of, 142;
fleas that transmit, 153;
and flies, 70;
and ground squirrels, 155;
how combatted in San Francisco, 143;
results of other investigations, 150;
Verjbitski's experiments, 147;
work of Indian Plague Commission, 146.

Plasmodium, 109.

Protozoa, 19;
classes of, 20.

Proboscis,
of fly, 60;
of mosquito, 80.

Privies, 72.

Privy-fly, 59.

Pseudopodia, 20.

Psoroptes communis, 37.

Pulex irritans, 154.

Punkies, 46.

Pupæ,
of house-flies, 64;
of mosquitoes, 80.

Pyrethrum, 102.

Rats,
and plague, 143, 145;
species of, 154.

Red-bugs, 38.

Reed, Dr. Walter, 123.

Relapsing fever, 21, 33.

Rhizopoda, 20.

Ricketts, Dr. H.F., 32.

Rio de Janeiro, yellow fever in, 137.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 32.

Ross, Ronald, 112.

Rucker, Dr. W.C., 143.

Sacculina, 2.

Salivary glands, 84, 87.

Salt marshes, 97, 105.

Sambon, Dr. L.W., 118.

Sand-fleas, 53.

Saprophytic bacteria, 17.

Sarcophaga spp., 48.

Sarcoptes scabiei, 37.

Scab, 37.

Screw-worm, 47.

Seed-ticks, 27, 30.

Sheep bot-flies, 51.

Simmond, Dr. P.L., 145.

Siphonaptera, 52.

Skinner, Dr. H., 159.

Sleeping sickness, 21, 161.

Slipper animalcule, 22.

Small-pox, 70.

Smith, Dr. Theobald, 29.

Smudges, 102.

Sore-eye, 52.

Spiders, 26.

Spiracles, 89.

Spirochæta, 21, 130.

Spore formation, 24.

Spores, 24.

Sporozoa, 22.

Spotted fever, 32.

Stable-fly, 44, 75.

Stegomyia,
calopus, 94, 98, 139;
scutellaris, 96.

Sticklebacks, 101.

Stomoxys calcitrans, 44.

Sulphur, 102.

Surra, 45.

Tabanus, 45.

Tahiti, mosquitoes in, 96.

Tapeworms, 2.

Tetanus, 18.

Texas fever, 28.

Theobald, Dr. F.V., 76.

Ticks, 26.

Tide-water minnows, 101.

Tobacco smoke, 102.

Top-minnows, 98, 101.

Torcel, 51.

Tracheæ, 89.

Tracheal gills, 79.

Trichina, 2.

Trypanosome, 45, 161.

Trypanosoma,
evansi, 45;
brucei, 45;
lewisi, 162;
gambiensi, 162.

Tsetse-fly, 45, 163.

Tubercular bacilli, 69;
germs, 69.

Typhoid-fly, 57, 59.

Vaughan, Dr. W.C., 67.

Ver macque, 51.

Verjbitski, D.T., 147.

Vorticella, 22.

Water-boatmen, 100.

Water-troughs, 104.

Whip-bearers, 20.

Whirligig beetles, 100.

White, Surgeon J.H., 134.

Wrigglers, 78.

Yellow fever, 120;
Commission, 123;
early observations on, 121;
experiments, 125;
danger of in Pacific Islands, 140;
in Havana, results of work on, 131;
history of in United States, 120;
mosquito, 94;
habits of, 95;
in Panama Canal zone, 135;
in Rio de Janeiro, 137;
summary of results of work on, 129.