Chapter L: Terteni Amanti (1)

SACER. COLL. LOTORVM
IIVIR. C. SARTIVS C. F.
ITERINVS ET L. ALLIVS
PETELINVS D. D.

_Lucius Tertenius Amantius_ Sacerdos _Collegii Lotorum, Duumviri Caius Sartius, Caii Filius, Iterinus, & Lucius Allius Petelinus Dedicaverunt_.

As to the latter, those members of the college that had passed through the chief Offices of it, as that of _Præfectus_, or _Magister quinquennalis_, had the title of HONORATI conferred upon them: you have several of these HONORATI mentioned in Gruter, particularly a long catalogue of them _in Collegio Fabrorum Tignariorum_, p. +CCLXVIII. I.+ and in Reinesius’s _Syntagma_, p. 605. there is an inscription,

EPAGATHO TVRANNO
HONORATO COLLEGI
FABRVM TIGNARIORVM
ROMANENSIVM _&c._

So that the vacuity in our inscription may very well have been filled up with one or other of these words; and the three next letters that follow them, D. S. D. _de suo dedicaverunt_, will agree with either of them, and what precedes them.

The last line has been PVDENTE PVDENTINI FILio: but there must have been a letter or two of the _prænomen_ at the beginning of it, unless it was shorter than the rest at that, as well as at the latter end of it: and from what I have said, the whole may be read as follows:

_Neptuno & Minervæ Templum pro Salute Domus Divinæ, ex Auctoritate
Tiberii Claudii Cogidubni Regis, Legati Augusti in Brittanniâ,
Collegium Fabrorum, & Qui in eo a Sacris [or Honorati] sunt, De suo
Dedicaverunt, Donante aream Pudente Pudentini Filio._

Chichester, by this inscription found at it, must have been a
town of eminence very soon after the Romans had settled here, and
in process of time seems to have been much frequented, by the
Roman roads, still visible, that terminate here from Portsmouth,
Midhurst, and Arundel; though, what is very strange, we have no
Roman name now for it. I once thought it might have put in its
claim for _Anderida_, which our antiquaries have not yet agreed
to fix any where, being situated, very near, both to the _Sylva
Anderida_, and the _southern Coast_ of the island, the two
properties of that city: _vid._ Camb. Brit. and Somner’s Roman
Ports and Forts. But Henry of Huntingdon, who lived in the time of
Henry II. telling us, that the Saxons so destroyed _Andredecester_,
that _Nunquam postea reædificata fuit, & locus tantum quasi
nobilissimæ urbis transeuntibus ostenditur desolatus_, pag. 312.
(_Vid._ Dr. Tabor’s Discourse of _Anderida_, Philos. Transact. Nᵒ
356.) it could not be Chichester; for that was not only rebuilt
before his time, but was a place of such note, that when the
bishops, soon after the Conquest, anno Dom. 1076. removed their
churches from small decayed towns, where several of them were then
seated, _in urbes celebriores_, Stigand, then bishop of Selsey,
settled his episcopal chair at that place.

I shall conclude with observing, that when this inscription was
dug up, there were also two walls of stone discovered close by
it, three foot thick each, one running north, the other east, and
joining in an angle, as the North-street and St. Martin’s lane now
turn, which, in all probability, were part of the foundations of
the temple mentioned on the marble.
October 31. 1723.

To this judicious elucidation of the inscription I have nothing to add, but that it seems to me probable enough, that Pudens, mentioned therein to have given the ground upon which the temple was built, was that Aulus Pudens who married the famous British lady Claudia Rufina, celebrated for her wit, beauty and eloquence. There is room enough in the stone to suppose the letter A at least, as his _prænomen_ was in that part which is lost. _Moncæius de incunab. regiis eccles. christ. vet. Britann._ thinks Claudia, mentioned by St. Paul,[139] 2 Tim. iv. 21. was daughter of the renowned Caratacus, converted to christianity by him, and married to this Pudens, a Roman Senator. But this may be judged rather too early, on account of the time of St. Paul’s death, and that wherein Martial lived, who wrote two elegant epigrams upon her; and we may with more likelihood conclude her to be the daughter of our _Cogidunus_, who lived to Tacitus his time, which was the same as Martial’s: and there is equal reason for the name of Claudia to be given her in honour of Claudius the emperor, as for the king her father taking the same upon himself, as appears in this inscription. Martial’s first epigram upon her is the 13th in his IV. _L._ thus,

_Claudia, Rufe, meo nupsit peregrina Pudenti
Macte esto tædis o hymenæe tuis_ &c.

We may well imagine this was wrote in the reign of Domitian, by the first epigram in that book being in honour of that emperor’s birth day; and sixteen years at least must have passed between that and the time of St. Paul’s death, which happened the last year of Nero. The other epigram is the 54th of XI. _L._

_Claudia cœruleis cum sit Rufina Britannis
Edita, cur Latiæ pectora plebis habet?
Quale decus formæ! Romanam credere matres
Italides possunt, Atthides esse suam.
Dî bene, quod sancto peperit fæcunda marito
Quot sperat generos, quotque puella nurus.
Sic placeat superis, ut conjuge gaudeat uno,
Et semper natis gaudeat illa tribus._

We may conclude, that if she had been of age sufficient to be converted by St. Paul, she would about this time have been too old to have children, and be accounted beautiful. But times and all circumstances conspire sufficiently to make her the daughter of _Cogidunus_.

Famous was the contest between Neptune and Minerva in naming the city of Athens, which they referred to the umpire of Apollo: he, to avoid the _odium_ of appearing partial on either side, left it to the decision of mortal men, as Varro tells us: howsoever, these two deities are happily reconciled in a joint partnership of the dedication of this temple. The antiquaries are still at variance about the ancient name of this city. Therefore, Sir, that I may not be wholly an unworthy fellow-traveller, _passibus etsi longe inequalibus_, I shall venture, if Minerva is not averse, to offer my thoughts towards a recovery of the Roman denomination of Chichester, which appears plainly to have been an eminent and early station: though the journey of Antoninus reaches it not, yet it would be strange if Ravennas should have passed it by, who is very particular in this part of the island.

[Sidenote: +Mantantonis.+]

[Sidenote: TAB. LXXXI.]

I observe the river this city stands upon is called _Lavant_. There are three towns synonymous higher up, East, West, and Middle Lavant; whence I think we may conclude, that the true and original name of the river was _Antona_, not an uncommon appellative of such in the Celtic dialect: Mr. Baxter, voce _Anderida_, calls it _Ant_. Likewise a town called _Hampnet_ stands upon it, which seems some corruption of _Antona_. Now there are two rivers of this name falling into the southern ocean; that which we spoke of lately, the Itchin, running by _Trausantum_; and this we are upon: therefore it appears natural and necessary that they should some way or other be distinguished from one another: the former _Trausantum_, Mr. Baxter, voce _Antona_, says signifies the farther _Antona_; and in this same sense, but in a later manner, Ninius calls it _Trahannon_; as our monk Ravennas, _Onna_, by a softer pronunciation. Our river then must be the hither or nearer _Antona_, however actually distinguished; which we must find out. Looking into that author generally called _Anonymus_, though I suppose his true name is _Ravennas_, as born there, (it being at that time the method of the ecclesiastics to take the sirname of their native towns) he thus mentions some cities hereabouts: _Caleba Atrebatum_, _Anderesio_, _Miba_, _Mutuantonis_, _Lemanis_, _Dubris_, _&c._ Now I imagine _Mutuantonis_ is the place here sought for. This author probably transcribed these names from inspection of a map, sometimes casting his eye along a road, sometimes a river, sea-coast or the like, and sometimes _per saltum_: when he has been reciting many names of cities in the inland parts as far as _Corinium Dobunorum_, or Cirencester, he returns to the south-east part of the island, and begins a new period, as above. Directly in his way to the sea-coasts is _Caleba_, or Farnham, as I shall show in proper place: next is _Anderida_; which cannot be this place, for the reason you brought out of Henry of Huntingdon: no doubt it is somewhere upon the Sussex coast; but its particular site I shall not take upon me now to determine. _Miba_ is with good reason thought to be Midhurst; then very naturally follows _Mutuantonis_, our Chichester: hence he takes his route eastward towards _Lemanis_, _Dubris_, _&c._ in Kent. In short, the evidence is this: the author is plainly describing these parts; and where should _Mutuantonis_ stand, but upon the river _Antona_? and it does not appear, that any other river hereabouts is so called; or, if it did, _Anderida_ may very well thither be referred, which cannot possibly to this place. I take the name of _lavant_, or _mutuant_, to be synonymous words in the British language, to distinguish it, as we said, from _trausant_;, for _llafar_ signifies _sonorous_, _loquax_; and _mwth_ is _citus_, _velox_; either of which, prefixed to _Antona_, describe this rapid or noisy river; and in effect we find it remarkably so. Dr. Holland in his notes at the bottom of Mr. Camden expresly observes, that this river, though sometimes quite dry, at others, and that very often in the midst of summer, is so full as to run very violently: this, no doubt, is owing to its rise in the neighbouring high grounds to the north; for from them it must needs fall with an impetuous torrent. Further, it may possibly be derived from the British _llai minor_, signifying the _lesser Antona_, from its short course; the consonant _v_, or _f_ which is its equivalent, being interposed _euphoniæ gratia_: or if Mr. Baxter’s correction of _Mantantonis_ be thought just, then it signifies the mouth of the river _Antona_; and Chichester now stands very near its inlet into the sea, and formerly nearer. What way soever we take it, it seems reasonable to conclude this is the place. Though it was not properly a sea-port town, yet it is plainly near enough for the establishment of the _collegium fabrorum_ here; and the vast plenty of wood from the adjoining forest favoured their work, whether of timber or the forge. Since this inscription, there was found a Mosaic pavement in Mrs. Downes’s garden; and when that was pulled in pieces as usual, a brass coin was discovered under it of Nero and Drusus Cæs. on one side, represented on horseback; on the other, _C. Cæsar Divi aug. pron. aug. p. m. tr. p._ +IIII.+ _pp._ which no doubt was there deposited to show the _æra_ of that work.

[Sidenote: TAB. LXXXII.]

A little way out of the city northward, we passed by a Roman camp, called Brill, I suppose Bury hill, in Ogilby’s maps called _Beauty’s bank_: the Roman road called Stone-street causeway, goes directly north-east from hence through this country, and by Darking church-yard in Surrey; then falls into the Hermen-street at Woodcote.

[Sidenote: TAB. XLIII.]

[Sidenote: +Mida.+]

St. Roc’s hill is a fine elevation, with a spacious circular camp on the top, of a round form, a _castrum æstivum_, belonging to _Mantantonis_. Here is a foundation of a chapel, or a beacon, perhaps both: the reader may gather an idea of the view here from plate 43. At Midhurst is a fine old seat called Cowdrey, belonging to the Browns viscount Montacute: it stands in a valley incompassed with lawns, hills and woods, thrown into a park, the river running underneath. It is a large house of stone, consisting of one court: the hall is cieled of Irish oak after the ancient manner; the walls painted with architecture by Roberti, the statues by Goupé, the stair-case by Pelegrini: the room at the end of the hall is of Holbein’s painting, where that famous old artist has described the exploits of Henry VIII. before Bulloign, Calais, his landing at Portsmouth, his magnificent entry into London, &c. In the other rooms are many excellent pictures of the ancestors of the family, and other history-painting of Holbein’s, relating to their actions in war. The whole circuit of rooms above stairs are stately and well furnished, adorned with many pictures: there is a long gallery with the twelve apostles as big as the life; another very neat one, wainscotted with Norway oak, where are many ancient whole-length pictures of the family in their proper habits, which is a very elegant notion: there are four history pieces; two copies of Raphael’s marriage of Cupid and Psyche; several old religious and military paintings from Battle-abbey. The road to Midhurst to us appeared Roman, and therefore strengthens the supposition of its being _Mida_.

St. Roc’s hill is upon the chalky down running east and west: north of it to Farnham it is sandy, full of _erica_; but the valleys are rich, warm and woody. The heaths between Farnham and Godalmin are full of barrows. Ferndon hill in the way to Godalmin is very steep northwards, and of an hour’s descent; which you rise to insensibly: it runs east and west.

[Sidenote: +Calleva Atrebatum.+]

[Sidenote: TAB. XLIV. 2d Vol.]

At Farnham is the bishop of Winchester’s palace, a magnificent ancient structure of the castle-form, deeply moted, and strongly walled about, with towers at proper distance: it stands upon the edge of a hill, where is a fine park. One large and broad street of the town, below hill, fronts the castle; the main of the rest of the town consists of a long strait street crossing it at right angles, which is the Roman road coming from Winchester: the river runs parallel to it on the south: this is a fine rich soil with much sand in it, and has an extraordinary propriety for the growth of hops. This place I take to be the _Caleva Atrebatum_;[140] which because it is a notion of my own advancing, it requires that I should a little enlarge upon it, and propose it to your discerning judgement. This has been hitherto matter of dispute among antiquaries, and I think cannot otherwise be settled than in fixing it at this place: it will make this VIIth journey of Antoninus and some more very clear, that otherwise labour under insuperable difficulties: therefore this I propose to be the true scheme of that journey.

ITER VII. _a Regno Londinium M. P._ XCVI. _sic_

_Regnum_ Ringwood
_Trausantum_ Southampton XX
_Venta Belgarum_ Winchester X
_Caleva Atrebatum_ Farnham XXII
_Pontes_ Stanes XXII
_Londinium_ London XXII
————
_toto_, XCVI.

We have no difference in the copies, but in the sum total at top, which is owing only to a transposition of the letters C and X. therefore all we have to do is to find out the towns; the particular numbers being indisputably right, and rightly cast up in the _Suritan_ edition; and all the places that admit any question, are only _Calleva_ and _Pontes_, which in this manner mutually prove one another, as being absolutely conformable to geography, and the nearest way one should chuse to go at this day, and having from Southampton a Roman road accompanying all the way. This summer I rode through Winchester and Farnham, through Alresford and Alton, and observed in many places signs sufficient of that nature; though it is horridly out of repair, and even in the midst of summer very bad, notwithstanding such plenty of materials every where to mend it: this has obliged coaches and horsemen frequently to make excursions for their ease and safety. Mr. Aubury likewise pronounces it a Roman road long since in his manuscript collections. Between Farnham and Alton the bank is visible, in several places between Alresford and Alton: the right reverend author of the additions to Camden takes notice of it. The distance is twenty two miles, as in the Itinerary; but to Wallingford, where Mr. Camden places it, it is thirty; to Henley somewhat more: beside, from the one you must cross the Thames three times, from the other twice in the way to London; a thing the Romans would certainly avoid, if possible: but from Farnham by way of Stanes is the direct road, and distances correspondent as before.

+Caleva atrebatvm+

_Stukeley del:_ _E. Kirkall sculp:_]

_Calleva_ is again mentioned in the XIIIth and XIVth journeys, both which I have already corrected; and they mutually confirm one another, and take away all difficulties when they are considered together. Lastly, _Calleva_ is mentioned in the XVth journey of Antoninus: I shall exhibit it in this form, which I conceive to be its original one. We have cleared all the other parts of it before, where it differs from this in the printed copies.

ITER XV. _a Caleva Atrebatum, Iscam Dumnoniorum M. P._ CXXXXI. _sic_

_Caleva Atrebatum_ Farnham
_Vindoma_ Silchester XV
_Venta Belgarum_ Winchester XXI
_Brigæ_ by Broughton XI
_Sorbiodunum_ Old Sarum VIII
_Vindogladia_ Boroston XII
Ibernium _Bere regis_ XIIII
_Durnovaria_ Dorchester IX
_Moridunum_ Seaton XXXVI
_Isca Dumnoniorum_ Excester XV
——————
CXXXXI

Perhaps the last X in the sum total was corrupted into a V after the station was dropped out. The first part of it here establishes the site of _Calleva_ in respect to _Venta Belgarum_; as in the XIIIth and XIVth journeys in respect to _Spina_; so that it is proved from different points of a triangle, and as it were by mathematical demonstration.

I imagine the occasion of over-sight in this matter is owing to Mr. Camden’s settling the _Atrebates_ in Berkshire; and his authority, no doubt, with every one is of the greatest weight deservedly: yet I suppose his only reason for it is because he thought Wallingford the _Calleva Atrebatum_, as having some resemblance to his supposed _Gallena_. In his Roman map he has set these _Atrebates_ partly north of the Thames in Oxfordshire, where himself puts the _Ancalites_, and partly south, where rightly he fixes the _Bibroci_ in Berkshire: this is in my judgement too far northward. I doubt not but the _Bibroci_ inhabited Berkshire intirely to the Thames, as I proved in a former letter; to which we may add, that if, as he says, this country was called by the Saxons _Berrocscyre_, there can be no difficulty in asserting the word derived from _Bibroci_. The _Atrebates_ came undoubtedly from _Gallia Belgica_, where were a people of the same name upon the sea-coasts; and if we place them here in Surrey about this their capital, they may with some propriety with Mr. Camden be said here in Britain to live over-against their own country, where Ptolemy places them in the maritime parts upon the Sein; but not if he sends them up to the top of the Thames: nor is it probable they should have penetrated so far up the country, even beyond their brethren the _Belgæ_, by all allowed the most powerful colony of transmarine people at that time. The _Segontiaci_ as well as _Bibroci_, on this side the Thames, would confessedly oppose such passage; therefore, if we give Sussex to the _Regni_, we must reserve Surrey for these _Atrebates_, and Farnham their capital; and this is agreeable to Ptolemy, who places them next the _Cantii_.

[Sidenote: TAB. LVI.]

A little without Farnham eastward, the road divides into two branches with an acute angle: one goes to Guildford and Darking, where it meets the Stane-street coming from Chichester; the other to Stanes, which I prosecuted to Farnborow, probably a station or inn, or camp to secure the road over this wild country; for it is deep sand from Farnham to Egham: but where in particular the Roman road went is not easy to define, because of the extraordinary sandiness of the whole country:[141] but at Frimley, near here, about sixteen year ago, an urn with Roman coins and intaglia’s was found: Mr. Titchburn had them. This is directly in the way to Farnbarow. I suppose there was a Roman way from Silchester through Stretley, Hartley row, Harford bridge, which signifies _trajectus militaris_, but from the mooryness of the soil is quite worn away. I take this road to be a continuation of that coming from the Bath by Marlborough;[142] but at Stanes I saw our road very evidently go through the fields west of the bridge, and directly over-against it; for it must be understood that the Romans drew a road, as I said before, under the Icening-street, and parallel to it, which went from _Regnum_ to London. This is what we have been upon, and composes this VIIth _Iter_: From thence it passed through Colchester to the sea-coasts of Suffolk. Now between Stanes and London it is notorious, being the common road at present, till you come to Turnham green:[143] there the present road through Hammersmith and Kensington leaves it; for it passes more northward upon the common, where to a discerning eye the trace of it is manifest; then it goes over a little brook called from it Stanford-bridge, and comes into the Acton road at a common, and a bridge, a little west of Camden house, so along Hyde-park wall, and crosses the Watling-street at Tyburn, then along Oxford-road. But of this part of it, going to Old-street, north of London, I spoke before.

+Pontes+
_16 Sep. 1723._]

[Sidenote: +Pontes.+]

[Sidenote: TAB. LXXXIV.]

Between Oxford-street and Stanes, this Roman road was originally drawn through Brentford, which undoubtedly was a mansion between them; and this is a very strait line: I rode the broken part of it between Acton road and Turnham green: it is still a narrow strait way, keeping its original direction, but full of dangerous sloughs, being a clayey soil and never repaired: it butts full upon Stanes bridge, and then beyond it passes forward in a strait line through gardens and yards into the corn-fields, where its ridge is still left, the highest part of all the field, though they plough close to it on both sides; and it is now a road for three quarters of a mile; then it enters a narrow lane, and at last degenerates into a foot-path toward Thorp-lea, in the way to Farnham; the common road leaving it all this while in the way to Egham. So that undoubtedly Stanes was the _Pontes_ of Antoninus;[144] the distances of 22 miles on both sides answering the fact, and the Itinerary; with which I shall at present conclude mine in the words of the poet,

_Hic labor extremus, longarum hæc meta viarum._ +Virg.+ Æn. III.

THE
PLATES
IN
_ITINERARIUM CURIOSUM_, Cent. I.

And where explained.

1. Rural Curiosity. Marlborough _mount, and the cascade at_
Wilton. Pag. 64

2. Lincolnshire _decoys_. 18

3. Seats. _Lord_ Hartford’s _house at_ Marlborough. 64

4. Ichnography of castles. Ludlow _castle, ground-plot and prospect_. 74

5. _Prospect of the same._ 74

6. Views of castles. Rochester _castle_. 120

7. Bridges. Croyland _bridge_. 34

8. Ichnography of Palaces. Whitehall _ruins ground-plot_. _Pref._

9. Ruins of Palaces. _King_ John’_s palace at_ Clarendon. 138

10. Seals. _Of the church of_ Norwich. _Pref._

11. Crosses. _St._ Guthlack’_s, Ivy cross_, Ednam,
Hadenham, _and others_. 12, 19, 34, 107

12. Waltham _cross_. 37

13. Prospects. Blackston _cave, &c. near_ Bewdley. 74

14. Hermitages. Dale _abbey, &c. and_ Blackston _cave
ground-plot_. 53, 74

15. Portraits. _Sir_ Harry Spelman. _Pref._

16. Monumental brasses. _Bishop_ Smith, _founder of_ Brazen-nose
_college_. 92

17. Marbles. Aylwin _alderman of_ England. 81

18. _King_ John’_s effigies at_ Worcester. 68

19. View of churches. Boston, Lincolnshire. 31

20. Colsterworth _church_. 85

21. Holbech _church_. 20

22. Religious ruins. _Priory of_ Leominster. 72

23. Gatehouses. Reding _abbey, and_ Worcester _college_. 63

24. Places of interment
of archbishops. _St._ Augustin, _St._ Augustin’_s abbey_. 123

25. _Ruins of that abbey, king_ Ethelbert’_s
chapel. St._ Gregory’_s chapel_. 120, 123

26. Kings. Reding _abbey, king_ Harry I. 63

27. Feversham _abbey, king_ Stephen. 121

28. Ichnography of abbies. Kirsted _abbey_, Tupholm _abbey_. 88

29. Shrines. _St._ Hugh _the_ Burgundian’_s shrine_,
Lincoln. 92

30. Altars. _The high altar of St._ Alban’_s abbey_. 117

31. _The backside of the same._ 117

32. _White fryers in_ Gloucester. 67

33. _Ichnography of_ Glassenbury _abbey_. 151

34. _The kitchen there._ 152

35. _St._ Joseph _of_ Arimathea’_s chapel_. 152

36. _Ruins of_ Glassenbury _abbey_. 152

37. _Prospect of the same._ 151, 153

38. Pictish. _The caves of_ Hauthornden, Scotland. 53

39. British. _The_ Troglodytes _of_ Nottingham. 53

40. Greek. _A view at_ Athens. _Pref._

41. Roman camps. Chlorus _his camp, near_ Clarendon _park_. 137

42. Oldbury _camp in_ Wiltshire. 141

43. Camalet _castle and view from St._ Roc’_s
hill_. 150, 202

44. Martinsal _hill_, Montacute _hill_, &c. 139, 156

45. Walls. Silchester _walls, and a_ Roman _camp_. 79

46. Pharos. Pharos _in_ Dover _castle_. 129

47. _Ground-plot and section of the same._ 129

48. Romano-Saxonic. _St._ Martin’_s church_, Canterbury, _and the
Church in_ Dover-castle. 129

49. Roman inscriptions. Chichester, _&c._ 148, 196

50. Amphitheatre. Dorchester _amphitheatre ground-plot_. 165

51. _From the entrance a view._ 167

52. _Another view._ 169

53. _The sections and oblique view of the
amphitheatre._ 165, 167

54. Gates. Roman _gate at_ Lincoln _and_ Canterbury. 89, 122

55. Buildings. _Temple of_ Janus _at_ Leicester. 109

56. Itinerary. _Of_ Antoninus. 6, 76, 111, 205

57. Ichnography of
Roman Cities. Londinium Augusta, _London_. 119

58. Garionenum _by_ Yarmouth. 132

59. and Camboritum, Chesterford _Mag._ 78

60. Prospect of Roman Spinæ, _Newberry_. 63
Cities.

61. Vindoma, _Silchester_. 163, 177

62. Cunetio castrum, Marlborough. 63

63. _Prospect of_ Marlborough. 63

64. Leucomagus, _Great Bedwin_. 64

65. Sorbiodunum, _Old Sarum_. 182

66. _Prospect of Old_ Sarum. 183

67. _View of Old and New_ Sarum _from_
Harnham-hill. 137

68. Verlucio, _Heddington_. 142

69. Punctuobice, _the Devizes_. 144

70. Aquæ Solis, _Bath_. 146

71. _Prospect of the_ Bath. 146

72. Ischalis, _Ilchester_. 154

73. Isca Dumnoniorum, _Exeter_. 156

74. _Prospect of_ Exeter. 159

75. Moridunum, _Seaton_. 159

76. Londinis, _Lyme_. 160

77. Durnovaria, _Dorchester_. 161, 165

78. _Prospect of_ Dorchester. 161

79. Trausantum, _Southampton, and prospect from_
Portsmouth. 193

80. Portus Magnus, _Portchester, and view in the
port_. 193

81. Mantantonis, _Chichester_. 195, 201

82. _Prospect of_ Portsmouth _and of_
Chichester. 195, 202

83. Venta Belgarum. 191

84. Pontes, _Stanes_. 205

85. Ariconium, _Kenchester_. 69

86. Derventio, _Little Chester by_ Derby. 54

87. Agelocum, _Littlebury_. 93

88. Lindum colonia, _Lincoln_. 88

89. Banovallum, _Horncastle_. 30

90. Ad Pontem, _by_ Bridgford. 105

91. Margidunum, _by_ Willoughby. 106

92. Ratæ Coritanorum, _Leicester_. 108

93. Benonis, _High-cross_. 110

94. Tripontium, _Dove-bridge_. 112

95. Verolanium, _Verolam_. 116

96. Durovernum, _Canterbury_. 122

97. Richborough-castle. 125, 163

98. Lapis tituli, _Folkstone_. 131

99. Lemanus Portus, _Limne_. 132

100. Celestial character. _The great conjunction of the five
Planets._ _Preface._

101. _Total eclipse of the Sun in 1721._ 179

INDEX.

Page
English.

Birth-Places, Sir _Isaac Newton_ 85

———— Dr. _Willis_ 64

———— Dr. _Harvey_ 131

Champions of _England_ 61

Circular churches 37, 87

Hermitages 34, 49, 53, 55, 61, 74

K. _John_’s palace 138

K. _Charles_ II. at _Winchester_ 191

Two mitred priories, _Spalding_ } 95
and _Thornholme_ }

Q. _Eleanor_’s crosses 36, 37, 92, 114, 115, 117

Royal oak 60

The _British_ navy 194

Sepulture of K. _Lucius_ 192

———— _H._ I. 63

———— _H._ IV. 124

———— _Etheldred_ 190

———— _Edgar_ 152

———— _Arthur_ 152

———— _Stephen_ 121

———— _Rich._ III. 109

———— _Edw._ II. 67

———— _John_ 68

———— _Rob. Brus_ 81

_Stilton_ cheese 81

_Wales_ 59

The Washes 19

Vicar of _Bedwin_ 65

Etymology.

_Ankam_ river 95

_Bow_ 31

Barrows, burrows, bowers 48, 97, 115

_Biard_’s leap 15, 87

_Crekelade_ 65

_Churn_ 65

_Cunnet_ 63

_Catwater_ &c. 8

_Elho_ 5

_Ely_ 5

_Frampton_ 24

_Holland_ 5

_Humber_ 96

Hedg or hay in dancing 99

_Helpringham_ 12

_Hargate_ 16

_Hurn_ 24, 30

_Kesteven_ 85

_Llys_ 66

_Lichfield_ 66

_Lade_, _lode_ 19, 65

_Lindsey_ 85

_Martinalia_ 139

_Preshute_ 64

_Quern_ 67

Ruffian, romeing 15, 16

_Sarn_ 66, 76, 110, 121

_Syfer_ 102

_Thong-castle_ 102

Thong, wang 102

Warths 162

_Welsh_ words in _Lincolnshire_ 59

_Witham_ 85

Pageants 174

Genealogies.

Of _Wakes_ of _Brun_ 10

_Moulton_ 23

_Croun_ 25

Seats.

_Ambsbury_, lord _Charlton_ 137

_Althorp_, earl of _Sunderland_ 38

_Boughton_, duke of _Montague_ 36

_Burghley_, earl of _Exeter_ 35

_Belvoir_, duke of _Rutland_ 52

_Chatsworth_, duke of _Devon_ 55

_Cowdrey_, lord _Montacute_ 202

_Eston_, earl of _Pomfret_ 38

_Grimsthorp_, duke of _Ancaster_ 12

_Hampton-court_, earl of _Coningsby_ 72

_Marlborough_, earl of _Hertford_ 64

_Ribsford_, lord _Herbert_ of _Cherbury_ 74

_Wilton_, earl of _Pembroke_ 65, 185

_Woodstock_, duke of _Marlborough_ 46

_Warwick_, lord _Brooke_ 49

Mechanics.

Gotes and sluices, by whom invented 13

Decoys described 18

Salt making 57

The form of oars 130

Silk mill 54

Stocking-loom 52

Lace-loom 58

Antediluvian.

Trees 16, 59, 96

Wood 37

Bones 93

Canoos 16, 121

Nuts 147

Fish 81, 156

Plants 149

Horns 16

Shells 18, 43, 48, 93, 96, 107, 108,
113, 116, 135, 137, 148, 149, 151

Art.

Mr. _Ashe’s_ Garden 55

_Enston_ water-works 48

_Gothic_ architecture commended 67

Whence their ill taste 124

Mineralogy.

Lead mines 54

Salt-springs 57, 69

Salt works 58

Tobacco-pipe clay 37

Coal mines 54, 63, 74, 149

Fullers earth 115

Geography.

Memoirs towards a _British_ map of soils 27, 29, 47, 62,
64, 100, 115, 116, 120, 146,
157, 177, 179, 190, 192, 193,
195, 202, 204

Natural.

Composure of stones 18, 49, 55, 116, 159, 162, 192

The earth an oblade sphæroid 5

Proofs of the rotation of the globe 4, 29, 49, 67, 73, 77,
93, 96, 101, 108, 115, 120,
121, 130, 137, 138, 141, 146,
148, 151, 157, 159, 202

The drumming well at _Oundle_ 36

_Pool’s_ hole 57

Another 149

Remarkably large stone 137

Flints in chalk 120, 141

Echo 46, 172

Beach of pebbles 124, 126, 127, 159

Of the noise of the ocean 126

Springs flowing with the tide 94

Petrifying springs 37, 108, 112

Springs swallowed up 131

Floating island 57

The philosophy of making drains 17

———— of harbours 130

———— of oars 130

An account of the solar eclipse 179

Medicinal.

Chalybeat spring 9

Ossification in a sheep 20

Sheep without horns 17

Prodigious memory 69

_Buxton_ bath 56

_Bath_ waters 146

Case of a greyhound bitch 155

_Bronchocele endemic_ 54

The symbol of medicine 148

_Scribonius_, physician to _Claudius_ 148

One aged 126 37

Of the gout 157

Richness of soil in old cities 41, 106

West side of the island }
most healthy } 59, 60, 74, 146

Botany 16, 32, 44, 53, 57, 59, 73, 95,
110, 113, 117, 126, 128, 131,
137, 149, 151, 154, 159, 160,
189, 190, 203

Extravagant bulk of plants 72

_Celtic_ names of plants 190

_Roman_ Roads.

57, 65, 69, 73, 76, 87, 96, 109, 120, 127, 137, 151, 156,
158, 162, 179, 184, 192, 195, 200, 202, 203

Artifice of them 108, 141, 187

Manner of paving 106, 110, 155

_Hermen-street_ 5, 76, 81, 88, 202

—— name 6

—— the new 85, 93

Old _Hermen-street_ 7
by whom made 7, 84

_Brigantian Hermen-street_ 92

_Akeman-street_ 41, 43, 47
name 43

_Ricning-way_ 54, 61, 68, 69, 148
name 54, 148

_Icening street_ 63, 77, 79, 115, 160, 179, 182, 187
name 161
extent 161

_Foss_ road 66, 87, 103, 145, 154, 155
name 103
extent 156

_Watling-street_ 59, 61, 111, 119, 121, 127
name 111
directed to _Rome_ 111

_Via Trinovantica_ 118, 177, 205

Stone streets 122, 132, 204

_Ravens-bank_ 15

_Via Badonica_ 62, 63, 140

_Brig-end_ causeway 15

In _Holland_, _Lincolnshire_ 14

_English_ Towns.

_Ambsbury_ 137

_Blandford_ 189

_Boston_ 31

_Buxton_ 56

_Bewdley_ 74

_Crowland_ 33

_Chip. norton_ 48

_Coventry_ 49

_Connington_ 81

_Colsterworth_ 85

_Chard_ 156

_Derby_ 54

_Fereby_ 99

_Feversham_ 121

_Fleet_ 12

_Frieston_ 25

_Fotheringhay_ 35

_Glassonbury_ 151

_Gedney_ 12

_Holbech_ 12

_Hyth_ 131

_Hereford_ 71

_Islip_ 44

_Kirkton_ 32

_Lichfield_ 61, 66

_Leominster_ 72

_Ludlow_ 73

_Moulton_ 22

_Malvern_ 69

_Newark_ 104

_Nottingham_ 52

_Oundle_ 36

_Oxford_ 44

_Petherton_ 156

_Portsmouth_ 193

_Rotherston_ 57

_Reading_ 62

_Somerton_ 154

_Steeple-ashton_ 145

_Southampton_ 192

_Stukeley_ 80, 114

_Stanford_ 35

_Tamworth_ 61

_Wight_ island 195

_Wrexham_ 59

_Roman_ Towns.

_Ancaster_ 86

_Brigcasterton_ 84

_Brentford_ 205

_Crekelade_ 65

_Caster_ 101

_Grantham_ 52

_Hartford_ 77

_Laurance Waltham_ 62

_Northfleet_ 120

_Newington_ 122

_Royston_ 79

_Sleaford_ 9

_Stanfield_ 9

_Stunsfield_ 47

_Spittal_ on the street 94

_Towcester_ 40

_Wintringham_ 95

_Roman_ cities.

_Abontrus_ 96

_Alauna_, Aldcester 40

_Ad spinam_ 63

_Ariconium_ 69

_Agelocum_ 93

_Aquis_ 96

_Ad pontem_ 105

_Alauna_, Wimborn 190

_Arminis_ 191

_Aquæ solis_ 146

_Andaoreon_ 179

_Brigæ_ 184

_Bolnelaunium_ 190

_Benavona_ 114

_Benonis_ 110

_Branonium_ 68

_Bonium_ 59

_Branavis_ 48

_Banovallum_ 30

_Condate_ 57

_Cunetio_ 63

_Corinium_ 66

_Camboritum_ 78

_Causennis_ 85

_Crocolana_ 103

_Caleva Atrebatum_ 202

_Colomeæ_ 150

_Derventio_ 54

_Deva_ 59

_Durocinonte_ 80

_Durobrivis_ 82

_Durocobrivis_ 116

_Durobrovis_ 120

_Durolenum_ 121

_Durovernum_ 122

_Dubris_ 127

_Durnovaria_ 161

_Eltabona_ 37

_Etocetum_ 61

_Garionenum_ 152

_Glevum_ 67

_Isca Dumnoniorum_ 156

_Ischalis_ 154

_Ibernium_ 189

_Leucomagus_ 64

_Lindum_ 88

_Lactorodum_ 114

_Londinium_ 119

_Lapis Tituli_ 131

_Lemanis_ 132

_Londinis_ 160

_Moridunum_ 159

_Moriconium_ 190

_Mida_ 202

_Mantantonis_ 201, 202

_Magiovinium_ 115

_Margidunum_ 106

_Mancunium_ 58

_Noviomagus_ 119

_Præsidium_ 49

_Pennocrucium_ 61

_Portus magnus_ 193

_Punctuobice_ 144

_Pontes_ 205

_Rutupiæ_ 124

_Regnum_ 190

_Ratæ_ 108

_Salinis_ 69

_Salinæ_ 78

_Sorbiodunum_ 182

_Suellaniacis_ 118

_Tamese_ 43

_Tripontium_ 112

_Trausantum_ 193

_Vindoma_ 177

_Verlucio_ 142

_Vagniacis_ 120

_Verolanium_ 116

_Vernometum_ 108

_Venta Belgarum_ 191

_Vindogladia_ 188

_Vainona_ 28

_Ypocessa_ 69

Roman Forts.

_Burgh_ 16, 29

_Boston_ 16

_Spalding_ 14

_Wisbech_ 14, 16

_Brancaster_ 16

_Richborough_ 125

_Farnborough_ 204

Many more 8

Roman Camps.

_Arbury hill_ 114

_Audleyn_ 79

_Bury hill_ 43

_Bury hill_ 179

_Burrough hill_ 113

_Barbury_ 140

_Badbury_ 140

_Badbury_ 140

_Badbury_ 189

_Castledikes_ 114

_Cheselbury_ 135

_Cheselbury_ 139

_Chloridunum_ 137

_Dinder-hill_ 70

_Gildsborough_ 38

_Hexton_ 77

_Honington_ 87

_Hamden hill_ 156

_Honey ditches_ 159

By _Kingsclere_ 179

_Maiden castle_ 162

_Martinshall_ 139

_Oldbury_ 141

_Poundbury_ 162

_Ring hill_ 202

_St. Roc’s hill_ 70

_Sutton walls_ 79

_Vespasian’s camp_ 138

_Wodbury_ 189

_Yarborough_ 101

_Yarnbury_ 137

Roman remains.

_Old Sea-dike_ 13

The _Cardike_ 7

Gate at _Lincoln_ 89

At _Canterbury_ 13, 122

_Mintwall_, at _Lincoln_ 89

At _Exeter_ 157, 158

_Jewrywall, Leicester_ 109

At _Ariconium_ 70

At _Rochester_ 120

_Temples_ 66, 79, 146

Manner of _Roman_ walls 89, 104, 117, 120, 122, 125,
129, 132, 161, 165, 177

_Lolham_ bridges 7

_Pharos_ at _Dover_ 129

Their mortar 89, 101

Proportion of bricks 70, 117

Imbanking of _Holland_ 12

Piles of oak 105, 109

Amphitheatres 125, 163, 164, 178

_Julian_’s bower 31, 95

The meaning 97

_Chichester_ inscription 196

_Lapis milliaris_ 14, 87, 94, 179

_Lares_ 42, 66, 118, 145

_Thyrsus_ 31

Antiquities in _Holland_ 12, 13

At _Rauceby_ 12

_Wells_ 54, 83

_Hypocausts_ 59, 70, 123

Coins found 9, 13, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54, 59, 60, 62,
66, 70, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 91, 94,
95, 101, 104, 107, 112, 114, 116, 139,
141, 142, 145, 149, 150, 154, 156, 158,
175, 177, 182, 188, 202, 205

_Mosaics_ 47, 66, 70, 81, 83, 84, 105, 107, 109,
117, 155, 158, 162, 202

_Cæsar’s_ landing place 127

_Julia Domna_’s head 157

_Arundel_ Collection _Preface_, 38, 45, 84

_Runway_ 141

_Rumsey_ 191

_Ramsgate cliff_ 124

_Ravensbank_ 15

VII. } { 203
_Antoninus_’s Iter XIII. } corrected { 143
XIV. } { 144
XV. } { 204

Inscriptions 67, 91, 148, 169

Celtic Antiquities.

_Tumuli_ 5, 19, 29, 30, 38, 43, 74, 106, 107,
113, 115, 118, 127, 131, 135, 156, 160,
162, 165, 179, 184, 188, 189, 191, 202

Instruments dug up 12, 57, 58, 59, 91

_Oppida_ 53, 77, 78, 124, 135, 138, 182, 191

_Cursus_ 109

Temples 48, 100, 136, 140, 149

_Grimesditch_ 47, 179

_Flightditch_ 79

_Brentditch_ 79

Boundary of the _Belgic_ kingdom I. 189
II. 187
III. 138
_Wansdike_ IV. 64, 142, 145

The _Albionites_ 189

These _Celtic_ works ancienter than the _Roman_ 141, 142, 188

British Camps.

_Aukbury_ 138

_Credon hill_ 70

_Bushill_ 77

By East _Hamstead_ 177

_Harbury banks_ 78

_Maiden bower_ 115

_Wilbury_ 77

_Warmleighton_ 49

_Tadmerton_ 49

_Burbich_ 139

_Mentaris Æstuarium_ 5

_Cavata_ 85

_Victius_ 88

_Bibroci_ 62, 204

_Atrebates_ 202

_Nadre_ 135

_Antona_ 193, 201

_Belgæ_ 135

_Dobuni_ 140, 197

Religious Houses.

_Vaudy_ 12

_Sempringham_ 12

_Skirbec_ 25

_Frieston_ 25

_Hagnaby_ 29

_Crowland_ 32

_Northampton_ 37

_Bicester_ 43

_Tame_ 44

_Osney_ 45

_Ruleigh_ 45

_Godstow_ 46

_Chipping Norton_ 48

_Dale_ 53

_Chester_ 59

_Reading_ 62

_Marlborough_ 63

_Hereford_ 71

_Leominster_ 72

_Ludlow_ 74

_Ramsey_ 81

_Nocton_ 88

_Kyme_ 88

_Barlings_ 88

_Bardney_ 88

_Tupholme_ 88

_Stickswold_ 88

_Kirksted_ 88

_Revesby_ 88

_Risby_ 95

_Gokewell_ 95

_Thornton_ 100

_Leicester_ 109

_Sopwell_ 117

_Feversham_ 121

_Glassenbury_ 151

_Cowic_ 158

_Exeter_ 158

_Wimburn_ 190

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The late John Ives, Jun. Esq; of Great Yarmouth, F. R. & A. S. who
was possessed of these Plates, kindly lent that of Sir Henry Spelman
for this Edition: the other was re-engraved before the Editor knew in
whose possession they were.

[2] Cum perpetui ferè & asperrimi montes sint versus occasum.—Baxteri
Glossarium, voce _Otodini_.

[3] At Hall, by Inspruck, salt-rocks, says Mr. Addison in his Italian
Travels.

[4] Cæsar calls Arminius a German general, whose proper name was
_Harman_, or _Herman_, which signifies in that language the General
of an Army.

[5] The 6th of August, 1733, I went to meet Mr. Roger Gale coming from
Peterborough. I staid at the Roman road, on that high hill, they have
lately afresh plowed up some of the heath. It is surprizing to see
how thick the fossil shells lay just under the surface, turned to
stone; cockles, muscles, bivalves, whilks, and many more. I measured
the adventitious turf grown over the Roman road: at a breach, it is
almost six inches.

[6] Lolham and Torphall, two royal manors belonging to Margaret
countess of Richmond, who lived at Colliweston, a great old house at
Lolham, which has been moted about. At Torphall the foundation of an
antient tower forty foot square.

Mr. Samuel Parker gave me, 1735, a silver Antoninus found by the
Cardike on the back of Peterborough minster: the reverse, COS. III.
DES. IIII. Many Roman coins found in digging in the ruins of the
minster.

At Moreton upon the Cardike, much Roman coin found.

[7] _Cardike_ is British: _Cæirs_ is _palus_

[8] Oslac, ambassador from Athelwolf, king of the West Saxons, anno
851, to Bertulf, king of Mercia, witness to a charter of Bertulf’s
to Croyland abbey, Ingulf, p. 490. This was done at a parliament
held at Kingsbury, a manor of the kings of Mercia, near Verolanum,
and near where Offa had built the monastery to St Alban. I suppose
Oslac, often mentioned in charters about 966, in Ingulf and others,
to be Oslac, in the time of king Edgar, partner with earl Osul in the
government of Northumberland, by king Edred constituted. His hand
is at king Edred’s charter to Croyland, anno 948; to that of king
Edgar, in 966; and to that of king Edgar to Peterborough, 970. Roger
de Hoveden, p. 243. Oslac, butler to Athelwolf, was a Goth by origin,
says Rog. de Hoveden, descended from Stuf and Withgar, two earls
and brothers, who received the Isle of Wight from their uncle, king
Cerdie, and Cinvic his son, their cousin.

[9] Ralf, or Radinus Scalre, son to Goda, sister to king Edward: he is
buried at Peterborough. Leofric, lord of Brun, was cousin to him.
Earl Rodulf was son to Goda. William Malmsbury, p. 45. _b._ Earl Rolf
was one of king Edward’s admirals against earl Godwin.

[10] Morcar had these manors following, in the time of Domesday book:
Colstewrde (Colsterworth) Basingheham, Shillington, Cherchebi
(Kirkby) Chime (Kime) Bodebi, Wellingoure, Castre, Cotes, Barewe,
Stroustone, Nort Stoches, Carletune, Bredesthorp, Wes-Bitham,
Bortone, Brune, and Stapleford.

Bodebi belonged of right to Crowland.

[11] Morchar, or Macher, as William Malmsbury calls him, son of Elgar,
or Algar, p. 46. _b._ was made earl of Northumberland; Tostin, son
of Earl Godwin, losing it for his severity: and at the end of king
Edward’s life, Tostin coming out of Flanders to invade the coasts
of Northumberland in a piratical manner, was repelled by the forces
of Morcar, and his brother Edwin. Tostin goes into Scotland, there
meets Harold Harfag, the Norwegian, with three hundred ships upon an
invasion: they agree to join forces, land in Northumberland, surprise
the two brothers overjoyed at their late victory, and shut them up in
York city till king Harold relieved them.

Tostin, son of earl Godwin, was earl of Northumberland, and turned
out, by instigation of his brother, at the end of Edward the
Confessor’s life, and Morchar made earl in his stead. Morcar, and
his elder brother Edwin, lived there very lovingly together, and
when Harold the king was slain by William the Conqueror, offered
themselves to the people, who might chuse one of them for their king.
Harold and they were cousins; and they were at London at the time of
the battle of Hastings: but William the Conqueror’s fortune prevailed
both in getting the battle, and in getting the kingdom. Afterwards
they disturbed the Conqueror by little inroads and vexations, and
were sometimes taken prisoners; yet he pardoned them, and married
them to his relations. At length they were slain perfidiously by
their own men, and the king was much grieved at their death.

[12] Hereward married Turfrida in Flanders.

[13] The Duke of Ancaster, 1726, showed me a large brass Hadrian, but
defaced, dug up in his garden, near the _tumulus_ at the end: he says
more coins have been found about the stone pits in the park. That
_tumulus_ perhaps was the burial-place of Grime, who denominated the
place Grimsthorp, or Grime’s farm, probably some great Saxon, or
Dane. I observe there are a few more _tumuli_ upon hills hereabouts,
as one on the heath by Corby. I think the country hereabouts
extremely fine and delightful: an excellent kind of stone is dug
up in Grimsthorp park; and here and there a vein of good marble of
a darkish colour: the blueish marble lies uppermost in a bed of
about four foot; then a bed of twenty foot thick, of an excellent
whitish stone, with reddish veins where they can cut blocks of any
dimensions. Anno 1731, in digging in the court yard, they found an
old brass seal, a coat of arms, two bars ermine; the epigraphe, as
well as I could make it out, thus:

SEEL. DES. OBLIG[AT symbol]CIONS. DE. RCE.

[14] Later, about 1701 or 1702.

[15] At Grantford, by March, 1732, several Roman urns found.

[16] Holbech seems to have been _Holbergh_, as Wisbech _Wousbergh_.

[17] Anno 1727, at Walpole, by the side of Wisbech river, abundance of
Roman aqueducts were dug up, and Roman bricks, &c. and Mr. Colburn,
minister there, sent me an aqueduct.

[18] Wisbech is called _Wiseberch_, i. e. burgh, in king Wulfhere’s
charter to Peterburgh. Mr. Peck’s Ant. Stanf. p. 21. Many Roman
aqueducts dug up at Wisbech castle, when they built the present
structure, as Mr. Beaupre Bell tells me; such as were found at
Walpole, whereof I have one. William the Conqueror built a castle
upon the Roman work.

[19] No less than eight canoos were found in draining Martin mere. Dr.
Leigh’s _Lancaster_. A moss-deer’s skeleton found fourteen foot under
ground in the fens by the river Witham, Lincolnshire. I saw part of
a moss-deer’s horn at the Society in Peterborough, found in the fens
there.

[20] The bed wherein Margaret lay, has since been removed to a
farm-house by the fen-side, called Wrigbolt, where I have seen it.
It is a very old-fashioned oak bed with panels of odd embossed work,
like many we see in old country houses.

[21] Pliny says they eat ducks in Britain as a great delicacy.

[22] Radulfus de Holbech officium custod. resignat, & resumit locum
focii ap. Æd. Petri Cant. 1349.

[23] Algar the Count, called the Younger, with his two stewards,
Wibert and Leofric, who gave names to these three towns, Algarkirk,
Wiberton, Leverton, with other warriors, obtained a great victory
over the Danes, anno 870. (Chron. Joan. Abb. S. Petri de Burgo, ed.
a Spark, p 15. from Ingulf) but were slain the next day. 9 Ed. I.
Ranulf de Rye obtained of the king a licence for a market every week,
on the Monday, at his manor of Gosberchurch, and free warren there,
as at his lands at Swinflete, Quadavering, Donington, Iwardby, and
Housthorp.

[24] Thoroton’s Hist. of Nott. gives part of this Pedigree, p. 174.

[25] That monument in the church-yard was probably that of St.
Botulphus, who was buried in this town, and famous for miracles
before and after death.

[26] The old church, built after the Danish devastation in 870, was of
Turketil’s raising, who died 975. The new part of Crowland abbey was
built in 1114.

[27] The names of Croyland bells are mentioned by Ingulf, p. 505. _b_.
The first was made by Turketil, _Guthlac_ the greatest: the five
others were made by his successor, abbot Egelric; _Bartholomew_,
_Bettelin_, _Turketyl_, _Tatwin_, _Pega_ and _Bega_.

[28] The abbot of Croyland’s chair is at Mr. Dove’s seat at Upton by
Peterborough, a descendant of bishop Dove’s: upon it, +BENEDICITE
FONTES DN̄O+. I suppose the abbot’s name was _Fountain_.

[29] St. Guthlake’s hermitage ruins pulled down about 1720.

[30] The triangular bridge of Croyland is mentioned in the time of king
Edred, anno 948. St. Guthlake’s cross, Plate XI. was set up by abbot
Thurketil a little before that time.—Ingulf, p. 497. _b._

[31] Of these crosses thus Walsingham, Hist. Angl. anno 1291. Dura
(rex) finibus Scotiæ, &c.

[32] Grantham and Stamford were two stages. Mr. Howgrave says there was
a queen’s cross at Stanford; and the like is affirmed of Grantham,
and that it stood in the open place in the London road: and I saw a
stone, carved with foliage work, said to be part of it; and I believe
it, seeming of that sort of work: if so, then Newark and Leicester
must be left out, and they travelled with the queen’s corpse by way
of Oundle to Geddington from Stanford, I suppose the present London
road from Stanford being unpassable, or not having at that time royal
seats, manors, or abbeys, by the way, sufficient to entertain the
cavalcade. Mr. Peck, in his Stanford Antiquities, asserts Grantham
and Stanford two of the stages, and where crosses were erected, no
doubt, that at Grantham flood in the open London road before my
neighbour Hacket’s house, called Peter-church hill; and the people
have some memory of it. Mr. Peck puts in Woburn between Dunstable
and St. Alban’s; upon what authority I know not.—Geddington was a
manor of the king’s, V. Regist. Hon. Richmond, p. 280.—Camden in his
Remains, p. 208, who doubtless had seen them, inserts Grantham and
Stanford, V. p. 116.

[33] At Naseby, round the font an inscription, ΝΙΨΟΝ

[34] The Rev. Mr. Bertie of Uffington gave me 1735, several Roman coins
found in this city; a very fair silver Hadrian, +IMP. CÆSAR TRAIAN
HADRIANVS AVG.+ reverse, a sitting figure. +PM TRP COS. III.+

[35] Jan. 1718, between Broadwel and Stow in the Wold, Gloucestershire,
a countryman digging a ditch to divide a pasture, found an urn of a
green colour: at top it had foliage work; in it thirty pound weight
of copper Roman coin, which he sold for six-pence per pound. About a
dozen were sent to Dr. Mead, of Constans, Constantine, and Magnentius.

[36] _Acha_, in Irish, is a dike, mound, or bank.

[37] The countess of Warwick was abbess here. _Tiber._ B. XIII. 5.
Bibl. Cotton. is her elegium.

[38] Holinshed, in his Hist. Engl. p. 92. says a stone trough full of
Roman coin was found at Grantham forty years before: he there gives
an account of the golden helmet, &c. found at Harlaxton.

[39] The castle was in the close by the river east of the church:
people alive remember foundations of it being dug up. I saw this
year, 1726, a large brass Antoninus coin, found near Slade mill, in
possession of Mrs. Vincent. Some think the castle was at Captain
Hacket’s house, and that it was John of Gaunt’s castle, who had a
manor here: however, great foundations are at the place, and arches
have been taken up by the Captain; whether belonging to that manor
house, castle, or the adjoining St. Peter’s church, now demolished, I
know not.

[40] It is a mistake I was led into by the vulgar opinion of the people
of Grantham: Mr. Stokes was master of the school in Sir Isaac’s time.

[41] 1726, I saw the tomb-stone of this Robert new dug up, in a stable
where was the priory chapel:

ROBERT DE TODĒILE FVDEVR

wrote in large letters with lead cast in them.

[42] I have a brass Claudius, found in Grantham, reverse, +CERES
AVGVSTA+, struck on occasion of that universal dearth mentioned by
St. Luke. Josephus takes notice of it, Ant. Jud. III. 18.

[43] It contains 26,586 principal wheels, any one of which may be
stopped separately, and independent of the rest: one regulator
governs the whole work. It works 73,728 yards of silk every time the
water-wheel goes round, which is thrice in a minute; 318,504,960
yards of silk in a day and night. A girl of eleven years old does the
work of thirty-five persons. One chimney conveys warm air into every
room.

[44] Walter Laci gave to the canons of Lanthony the whole valley where
the abbey was situate, viz. from Kenentesset and Askareswey, by the
_Rudgewey_, to Antefin, and from Haterell, from the land of Sesil
Fitzgilbert, by the _Ruggewey_, to the bounds of Talgarth.

[45] An account of these shells in Phil. Trans. p. 427. V. II.
Mr. collector Terry tells me they find here vast quantities of
antediluvian fir-trees, and peat very deep in the earth: amongst it,
a large hollow gold ring, an inch and a half diameter; and a broad
thick coin of base gold, full of strange unknown characters on both
sides, sold to a goldsmith there; probably an invaluable curiosity.

[46] At Frilsham, a Roman villa by _ad Spinam_, a Roman altar dug up,
dedicated to Jupiter, 1730, in the earl of Abingdon’s grounds.

[47] At Froxfield, south of Ramesbury, upon the _via Trinobantica_, a
Roman villa discovered anno 1724. under a wood two Mosaic pavements.
Lord Winchelsea has the drawings of them. Many antiquities found here.

Howhill near here.

[48] _Lod_ and _Lud_, &c. is a general name for rivers. The river
_Loddon_ runs into the Thames between Reading and Henley. _Loddon_,
the name of a town upon a rivulet running into the Yare near
Yarmouth, Norfolk. _Lutton_, in Holland, Lincolnshire, where all
the drains of the country meet. _Ludlow_, and _Ludford_ near it,
from the river. _Lidston_, in Devonshire, and _Lidford_, anciently a
large town upon the river _Lid_, a branch of the Tamar. _Lidbury_,
upon the river _Liden_, Herefordshire. River _Lid_, in Cumberland.
_Lidesdale_, _Loder_, in Westmoreland. _Luda_ river and town
(Louth) Lincolnshire. _Ludham_, upon a river in Norfolk. _Lug_, in
Herefordshire, a river of note. _Loghor_, a river in Glamorganshire.
Hence _Luguballia_, _Lugotitia_, _Ludgate_, &c.

[49] Wm. of Malmsbury, p. 65 tells a story he had from this Walkerius.

[50] _In longas orbem qui secuere vias._ +Ovid.+ Amor. II. 16.

[51] Among the old Egyptians, Herodotus tells us, (_Euterpe_) one sort
of soldiers was called _Hermotybiæ_; latui _arma_.

[52] The Roman station between London and Hertford (I suppose they
had one every ten miles, if conveniently it could be) was probably
at Cheshunt, anciently _Cestrehunt_; and it is likely there was a
fortification there. Wadesmill retains the name of _Vadum_.

It is very easy to discern where the old Roman road becomes the
present road northward, by the alteration of its direction, near a
little rill between Wadesmill and Ware. Wadesmill was a Roman ford,
_vadum_, _wath_; whence its name: and from hence the Roman road is
the common one, or post road, to Chesterton, or _Durobrivæ_, upon the
river Nen.

K. Edward senior, in 909, the 9th year of his reign, built a castle
there, says H. Hunt; where it is printed _Herefordiam_ instead
of _Hertfordiam_. _Castrum non immensum, sed pulcherrimum, inter
Beneficiam_ (the Bean) _& Mimera & Luge flumina, &c._

Cestrehunt, Cheshunt, is _via ad castrum_. _Huynt_, _hynt_, is in
Welsh a gang, or road, a by-road, short road.

[53] Vast quantities of coins found at Gamlingay, as I am told by Mr.
Peck.

[54] June 11, 1729, Mr. Welby of Denton tells me, Gardiner, who keeps
the Crown inn at _Camboritum_, lately found many Roman coins there,
and sells them for four pence a piece.

[55] Dr. Brady, in his History of England, p. 48. mentions this city.
Hollingshed, p. 92. _b._ of his History of England, says a gate of it
was standing in his time.

[56] _Et_ camuris _hirtæ sub cornibus aures._ +Virg.+ G. III.

[57] The chalk ends about two miles north of Baldoc and Royston.

[58] The market-place at Royston is a large square area, seemingly of
Roman design.

[59] Probably Roisia, wife to Pagan de Beauchamp, Baron 3d of Bedford,
who built the castle of Bedford about the time of the Conquest.