Chapter L: Terteni Amanti (2)

[60] May 15, 1732, I rode between Huntingdon and Cambridge, and
discovered evidently that it was a Roman road all the way, pointing
strait from Godmanchester to Cambridge castle. When I told this to
Mr. Roger Gale, then at Cotenham, he said, he had observed that Roman
road which lies on Gogmagog hills to point likewise upon Cambridge
castle; so that the ford at Cambridge river is originally Roman: and
undoubtedly there was a Roman town at Cambridge, for the conveniency
of passengers and armies between the _Iceni_ and the northern parts
beyond Huntingdon. I apprehend Chesterton and Grantchester were
Roman forts and repositories of corn from this country, to be sent
to Peterborough, and so by the Cardike into the north: and from
the bridge at Cambridge, Bridge street and St. Andrew’s street are
continuations, in a very strait line and direction, of the Roman road.

July, 1742, Mr. collector Collins showed me several Roman coins,
curious and fair, both silver and large brass, found lately at
Gormanchester; Hadrian, Antoninus, Severus.

[61] The Saxon word _stiff_ seems to be the same with the Greek
στιβαρος, from στιβειν, to stiffen, _durare_, _roborare_; στυφεω to
stiffen, _cogere_, _constringere_: but which is the primitive, I
shall not determine. There are many large _tumuli_, by the road-side,
at Little and Great Stukeley: so one at the town-end of Stilton
northwards, and another on the top of the next hill northward by the
road.

[62] Sir Robert Cotton bought the whole room from Foderinghay castle,
wherein Mary queen of Scots was beheaded, and set it up here.

[63] Durobrivis was at that Roman work by the river side in Chesterton
parish. Allerton, hard by, was anciently wrote _Aldwalton_,
_Aldwarkton_.

[64] The Castle field was walled about: perhaps this was originally one
of the forts upon the _Antona_, built by A. Plautius before the Roman
road was made.

[65] Castre is called a royal manor, Ingulf, p. 497.

It seems likely to me that Kimbolton was the town where Boadicia
lived; _Kiseni pant_, the Icenian valley; as she was making
homewards, she was met by the Romans at Ravensden, or the Roman
valley, where the battle was fought; and that they buried her at
Reynold, where the circular antiquity is, by the road side between
Bedford and St. Neot’s. It lies near the meadow, and seems to be a
British place for celebration of sports.

[66] Mr. Parker, supervisor of excise, gave me a silver _Domitian_
found at Castor; reverse +DIANA+, as usual. I saw a good brass
_Galba_ found there.

I have a silver _Hadrian_ found at the true _Durobrivis_, Chesterton;
reverse +COS. III.+

Anno 1731 the people of Bernac dug up some urns, with coins in them,
near the Roman road passing through that parish. Mr. Archdeacon
Payn showed me a brass _Magnentius_: there were many urns, coins,
a brass _fibula_, tweezers, &c. dug up. I suppose it was a family
burying-place of the Roman villa at Walcot.

Mr. Terry, collector, gave me a good brass _Vespasian_, reverse
+AVGVSTI+, found at Uffington.

[67] _Wansford_ is _Avonsford_.

[68] Many Roman coins found at Wilsthorp, upon the old Hermen-street:
it was a Roman station, being the same distance from _Durobrivis_ on
the old street, as Brigcasterton on the new.

[69] I have several brass coins, found in the fields by Ryhall, in
the neighbourhood of Brigcasterton; particularly a large _Nero_, of
Corinthian brass; reverse, +VICTORIA AVGVSTI+: another; reverse, a
victory +S. C.+ a _Trajan_, of Corinthian brass; reverse, +CERES.
S. C.+ _Maximian_, reverse, +GENIO POP. ROM.+ _Constantinus Aug._
reverse, +PRINCIPI JUVENTUT.+ exergue PLN. percussa Londini Constans
Felix temp. repar. Nerva. _Trajan_; reverse, +COS. IIII. P. P.+
_Claud Gothicus_.

Mr. Beaupre Bell gave me a fair _Sev. Pertinax_, middle brass, found
in Tickencote lane.

I saw a silver _denarius_ of Pompey, found in Castreton field, 1733,
the first in second plate of Patin’s famil. Rom. Pompeia.

I have a middle-sized brass coin of Nero, found at Brigcasterton, +S
P Q R+ stamped on the neck. I saw a large _Severus Pertinax_, brass,
found there, Mr. Foden’s. Dec. 7, 1731. Lord Ganesborough showed me a
fair large brass _Divo Antonino_, reverse, the Antonine column, dug
up in Exton church-yard.

Pickworth church, to the right, was burnt down, together with the
then populous town, by the rebels in Henry the Seventh’s time; and
all now lies in ruins. At the same time Hornfield and Hardwick
demolished. Pickworth steeple, a very fine spire, and seen all round
the country, was taken down about A. D. 1728, to build a sorry
bridge at Wakerley. I saw the lower part of the steeple anno 1731,
when it was pulled down to build a bridge by Casterton. There was
a pretty church and an ancient one at Ingthorp, now turned into a
dwelling-house.

[70] Sir Isaac was born at Wolsthorp, a hamlet of Colsterworth.
Some part of the high dike remains perfect enough in the fields
over-against Colsterworth.

[71] A silver _Trajan_, found by the high dike in ditching near the
Woodnolk in Little Paunton parish, was sent by Madam Eyre, of
Eastwell, to Lady Oxford.

Many Roman coins found at Strawston, in possession of my neighbour
Andrew Hacket, esq. and vaults dug up there: it is near Paunton.

William de Vesci gave the church of Ancaster to the nuns at Walton;
to the knights Templars he gave the churches of Cathorp and
Normanton; to the canons of Sempringham, and nuns of Ormsby, the
hermitage at Spaldingholme.

[72] The name of _Kesteven_ undoubtedly came from _Causennis_; but
Brigcasterton is really out of that division: Paunton is in the
midway of it. Many arched vaults under ground about Paunton Magna: in
one of them some coiners lodged for some weeks.

[73] Mrs. Woodward gave me a silver _Antoninus_ upon his consecration,
found at Ancaster: she says, one morning she was there, a labourer
brought home a dozen Roman coins just then found.

[74] Roman coins are found at Thistleton, near Post Witham, and at
Market Overton: two large _tumuli_ in a valley, near a division-dike,
on that beautiful plain called Saltby heath.

I saw a fine brass _Alexander_, Roman; reverse, +PROVIDENTIA+, a
Genius with a _cornucopia_ and ear of corn.

A mile off Stretton, between Stamford and Grantham, between Stretton
and Market Overton, is a place called the Holmes, where they find
vast quantities of Roman coins. Mr. Parker, supervisor, gave me
several, of the low empire: after a shower of rain, on the ploughed
ground, they find them plentifully. No doubt but this was a Roman
town. I viewed it with Mr. Baron Clark, of Scotland, May 30, 1733:
it is a villa, or shepherd’s town, upon a delightful plain: there is
an old well, which is new scoured, and the foundation of a wall that
inclosed a kind of a court: it is near Thistleton.

Mr. William Annis gave me a brass _Magnentius_, found at Honington;
reverse +FELICITAS REIPUELICÆ+.

[75] A Roman Mosaic pavement found in the fields above Denton, February
1727–8, of which I sent an account to the Royal Society.

[76] I saw in possession of Mr. Terry of Lincoln, found at Ledenham, a
Corinthian brass coin obliterated, with three holes bored in it.

Over the parson’s gate of Ledenham an inscription of the famous John
Dee, minister here.

[77] Ninnius says, Vortimer the British prince was buried here.

[78] The castle of Lincoln was made by the Saxon kings, repaired by
William the Conqueror.

[79] Captain Pownal gave me a brass _Fausta_, wife of Constantine,
found in a barrow near Lincoln, +SPES+.

Mr. S. Buck gave me a Crispus Nob. C. brass, found in the rubbish of
a house, reverse, +BEATA TRANQUILLITAS P L C.+ struck at Lincoln.

Captain Pownal told me they found coins, scatteringly, as they dug up
a Roman _tumulus_ near Lincoln, anno 1727.

Sept. 2, 1731, I accompanied Mr. Roger Gale, in his journey to
Yorkshire, as far as Lincoln, (Dr. Knight of Bluntsham with us) just
before they had dug up the foundation of the Roman east gate toward
Banovallum: the stones exceeding large, cramped with iron. Lord
Burlington was present.

This summer they found two Roman tombs by the quarries on the same
Banovallum road; four great stones set together like a coffin, and
one on the top: there were in it the bones of a man, with urns,
lacrymatories, and coins.

[80] More brass _armillæ_ in the _tumuli_.

[81] All the fields about Allington, Fosston, &c. are covered over with
petrified shells of a particular kind of oyster; they call them there
crow-stones.

[82] So _Sedetani_, a people of Spain, in Silius are called _Hedetani_;
by Ptolemy, _Segesta_, a town in Sicily, _Egesta_, &c.

[83] I saw a coin found here, brass, of Claudius; reverse, a soldier
with a shield throwing the pile.

[84] The countess of Warwick, whose maiden name was Wray, gave the
manor to Magdalen college, Cambridge.

[85] ——_Partes ubi se via findit in ambas._

[86] June 7. 1732, Mr. John Ash showed me some Roman coins found at
Ludford by Market Raisin, where he says they find very many: it is
fourteen miles from Lincoln, and probably a Roman station upon the
Fossway going toward the sea: the coins were of Constantius Cl.
Gothicus, &c.

[87] In Bede it is called _Tunnaceaster_, from Tunna the owner, a
Saxon, IIII. 22.

[88] The _Thane_ was a _count_, or minister of the king. Tong castle,
in Shropshire, upon the head of the Severn.

[89] Near Stanford, in old writings, the Hermen street is sometimes
called the Foss.

[90] Vide Ogilby’s Survey, [p. 207].

[91] Godfrid abbot of Peterborough built a new roof and chapel at
Collingham, which cost him 57l. 15s. 1d. says Walter Whittlesey, [p.
162]. this was about 1316. July 10, 1729, the reverend Mr. Welby
of Scaleford gave me a coin or two, Roman, found near the Foss at
Crocolana; one remarkably corroded, seemingly of Corinthian brass.

[92] Turketil Hoche gave it, says Hugo Candidus.

I saw two Roman coins found at Crocolana, 28. Apr. 1728. There is a
long old wall.

[93] April 28, 1728, I saw at Newark two Roman coins, lately found at
Brough: they say there is a long old wall there.

[94] Mr. Twells of Newark sent me four Roman coins dug up in the fields
by Newark; a Magnentius, pretty fair; reverse, P. Antoninus Pius; two
large Trajans, but defaced.

I guess Newark was built in the later Roman times, for its
commodiousness upon the Trent, and exhausted the neighbouring Brough:
both being destroyed by the plundering Danes, perhaps were repaired
in after-ages, and called Newark.

My cousin, Edmund Dickenson esq. gave me a large brass Verus found in
Newark fields, 1729, obliterated; an Hadrian found there.

Oct. 7. 1731, I satisfied myself that this was the long-sought-for
episcopal see called _Sidnacester_.

I saw a gold Gratian, reverse, +VICTORIA AUG. G.+ found at Thoroton;
in my brother Collins’s possession. The rev. Mr. Guy, of Long
Benington, says they find Roman coins in the fields thereabouts.

[95] Newark castle built by Alexander bishop of Lincoln.

[96] April 17, 1730, I heard, in the neighbourhood, of Roman pavements
dug up there, and coins. Burton, in his _Leicestershire_, speaks of
antiquities found here.

Upon the Foss-way hereabouts was found a large and fine medallion of
Corinthian brass inclosed with wax: among other coins, the head of
the emperor +M. ANTONINUS AUG. TRP. XXVII.+ reverse, the head of his
son +COMMODUS CÆS. GERM. ANTONINI AUG. GERM. FIL.+ it is of that kind
of medals called _contorniati_. I think it was found in an urn, with
a coin or two more.

[97] At this camp of _Vernometum_, as in divers others, the two
_brachia_ advancing inwards of the gate, verge a little to the left:
the design of it, as I apprehend, is to expose so much the more the
right side of an enemy entering, who have their shields on their left.

[98] A Roman pavement found, 1721, at Medburn cum Holt, near
Harborough, Leicestershire.

[99] Mr. Lee of Leicester informs me of a Roman urn, in his possession,
found at High-cross; digging for a vault in the church, for the late
lord Denbigh, they found a dozen of them covered with Roman bricks.

[100] _Cincl squit, natio Guidelia_, the Irish nation: so they now call
themselves.

[101] Near Bensford bridge and Lutterworth, a vast quantity of silver
Roman coins found anno 1725, now in possession of Mr. Walter
Reynolds, steward to lord Denbygh of Lutterworth. I saw many of
Trajan, Hadrian, Nerva, Vespasian, two large brass Trajans. Feb. 9.
1726, I saw the following in silver.

Vespasianus Aug. _reverse_, Judæa. _A prisoner under a
trophy_
———————————————— pon. max. tr. p. cos. v. _A caduceus._
Vesp. Aug. imp. Cæsar pontif. maxim. _A caduceus._
Imp. Cæs. Vesp. Aug. Cen. pontif. max sedens cum hasta in dex.
flore in læva
Vespasianus Cæsar _a sow and three pigs._ imp. III.
Imp. Cæs. Ner. Trajan optm. Aug. _rev._ p. m. tr. p. cos. S. p. q. r.
Ger. &c. _A genius of plenty_
Imp. Cæs. Nerva Trajan Aug. Germ. pont. max. tr. pot. cos. II. Genius
sedens
Imp. Cæs. Nerva Trajan Aug. Germ. p. m. tr. p. cos. IIII. p. f. _A genius
of plenty_
Imp. Cæs. Trajan p. m. tr. p. cos. II. justitia. Genius
sedens
Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. S. p. q. r. opt. principi. _Genius of
plenty._
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. cos. v. p. p. s. p. q. r. opt. princ.
tr. p. Genius cum pavone
Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. tr. p. S. p. q. r. optimo principi. Mars
cos. II. p. p. gradivus
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. S. p. q. r. optimo principi. Genius
tr. p. cos. V. p. p. sacrificans
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. S. p. q. r. optimo principi. Columna
tr. p. cos. VI. p. p. Trajana
4
+ANTXAICNETPAIANOCCEBTEPM+ ΔΗΜΕΣ IIIII
0 0
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. S. p. q. r. optimo principi. Genius cum
tr. p. cos. V. p. p. bilance
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. S. p. q. r. optimo principi. Genius cum
tr. p. cos. VI. p. p. puero
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger Dac. p. m. tr. cos. VI. p. p. s. p. q. r. opt pr. Vesta
p. sed. cum victoriola
Imp. Trajano Aug. Ger. Dac. p. m. cos. V. p. p. s. p. q. r. opt. pr.
tr. p. Genius stans cum prora
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. Genius cum
caduceo
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. _A female in the
posture of imploring_
Hadrianus Aug. cos. m. p. p. salus Aug. Hygeia
Hadrianus Augustus cos. III. Genius armatus sedens
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. _a genius with
two bustos in her hands_
Hadrianus Aug. cos. III. p. p. Africa Genia Nili procumbens
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. Genius sedens
sacrificans
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. Fortuna sedens cum
prora
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. Genius nudus
sacrificans
Hadrianus Augustus cos. +III.+ Hercules sedens cum
victoriola
—————————————————— ——————————— Victoria sedens
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. Fortuna stans
Hadrianus Aug. cos. III. p. p. moneta Aug. Genius cum bilance
Imp. Cæsar Trajan Hadrianus Aug. p. m. tr. p. cos. III. salus. Hygeia
sedens
——————————————————————————————————— ————————————— Genius nudus sacrificans
Antoninus Augustus p. p. _reverse_, cos. pulvinar cum fulmine
ælius Cæsar tr. pot. cos. II. Concord. victoria
sedens
Faustina Vesta pulvinar
Sabina Augusta Concordia Aug. genia stans cum patera

These being all of the higher empire, and many excellently well cut,
indicate that they were hid early, and perhaps about this time, that
the Watling-street was made: they were found in a hole in the fields
between Loughborow and the Watling-street, with about a dozen more
than here described.

Wickliff lived at Lutterworth, his picture in the parsonage. Mr.
Button of Kimcote, near here, a curious man. Wickliff’s pulpit still
left. A petrifying spring at Lutterworth.

[102] _Magus_ rather signifies originally a field, or plain, and where
probably the old Britons had their religious ceremonies, sports,
and races, &c. the barrows too hereabout indicate here has been an
ancient British temple, and I suppose the name of _Long Meg and her
daughters_, at the British temple in Cumberland, only the remains of
the original name _Magus_.

[103] In Speed’s History of England, p. 261. Maiden Bower by the
sea-coast in Norfolk, where Hunstanton was built. This was
undoubtedly a Roman camp there.

[104] At the same time and place, the king, and Bertuald archbishop of
Canterbury, held a council and enacted canons.

K. Henry I. kept his court here, 1122. as Hen. Hunt says, p. 218.
_b._

[105] A brass Roman _lar_ dug up about Grosvenor square (in
possession of Mr. Beaupre Bell) near where the Roman road ran, the
Watling-street.

[106] May place, west of Crayford, seems _Noviomagus_. Oct. 1722, many
Roman coins found in an urn near Croydon.

[107] Rochester was a very strong place, and the water went quite round
it.

[108] Bishop Gundulf died 1108.

[109] The river Medvacus runs through Vicenza, a city in Italy, built
by the Gauls. I suppose our present Britons, or Welsh, are Gauls, the
same as Cæsar conquered; that the oldest Britons are the Irish, who
are much of Phœnician original, and part of the shepherds banished
Africa, and who came along with Hercules Ægyptus, Assis, Melcartus,
who built Carteja or Cadiz, and civilized the Celtic nations,
remembered by the Gauls under the name of Hercules Ogmius.

[110] I find in this country, that the word _Chart_ generally imports
some works of antiquity. Chartway from E. Sutton to Munchilsey.

[111] In Stone church are many Roman bricks.

[112] The name of Watling-street, as it passes through the city, is
almost lost by the negligence of the inhabitants, who generally of
late call it Beer-cart lane.

[113] The ground east of Canterbury is sandy, and favourable for hops.

[114] In this port landed St. Augustin, the apostle of our Saxon
ancestors.

[115] Vitruvius directs the gates of cities to be made oblique. This
was called _Madan_ gate, from the figure of a _woman_ over it, as the
vulgar fancy.

[116] There are a great number of large barrows about Sandwich; one
at Winsborough, with a tree upon it; so it is called by the vulgar,
but the learned make it Wodnesborough: between that and Sandwich is
another, called Marvil hill.

[117] Among the sand-hills by Sandwich I found a curious plant, which
I take to be the _satyrium abortivum_, or bird’s-nest of Gerard: it
has a bulbous root of a red colour; the stem sometimes a foot long,
whitish like young asparagus, and almost naked; a great spike of
white flowers, of the cucullate sort, with a black _apex_: they are
exceeding odoriferous. I found much _eryngo_ there, which smells
pleasantly when broke; and on all the banks of the ditches hereabouts
garden-fennel grows in great plenty.

Sandwich is in a miserable, decayed condition, following apace the
downfall of its mother _Rutupium_: it might easily be made the best
harbour on this coast, by cutting a new channel for the river about
a mile and half through the sand-hills south easterly; for the water
of the river Stour would sufficiently scour it, did it run strait,
and with that direction. All the walls and bulworks of the town are
dismantled, the gates tumbling down; and a few cannon lie scattered
here and there. This town likewise might be made very strong; for,
besides the river Stour, another rivulet runs through it, that would
keep the ditches always full.

[118] At Hardres place, the seat of Sir William Hardres, lay king Henry
VIII. when going upon his expedition at Boloign: he left his picture
here, and an old dagger, very broad, and about as long as a Roman
sword: the handle is of silver gilt and enamelled, with mottos on it.
The old gates of this seat were the gates of Boloign, brought thence
at that siege by Sir William’s ancestor, who accompanied the king.

[119] By St. Margaret’s are many natural cavities in the chalk cliffs,
and an admirable large spring arising from the beach with great force
when the tide is out.

[120] To Dover from Canterbury the Watling-street is still the common
way: it is left intire over Barham downs, with a high ridge strait
pointing to Canterbury cathedral tower: as soon as it enters the
downs it traverses a group of Celtic barrows, then leaves a small
camp of Cæsar’s: further on it has been basely inclosed through
two fields, and levelled with ploughing: then it passes by a great
single barrow, whereon stood the mill, which is now removed higher
up: then it ascends the hill to a hedge corner, where are three
barrows, a great one between two little ones, all inclosed with a
double square intrenchment of no great bulk: I fancy them Roman,
because parallel to, and close by, the Roman road: the great barrow
has a cavity at top, and an entrance eastward; whether casually, or
with design, I know not. At Lyddon the Watling-street falls into
that noble valley of Dover, made of two huge ridges of chalk, which
divide themselves into lesser valleys, dropping into the great one at
regular distances, as the little leaves of plants meet at the main
stem: this valley, when viewed from the end, looks like a landscape
on scenes lessening, according to perspective, to Dover, between
the two _Phari_ and the sea at the end, inclosed between them. The
street slides along the northern declivity, crosses the rivulet which
wanders through the midst of the valley at Buckland, so to Biggin
gate, where is its termination, by the side of the old port, having
now run from Chester about 250 miles. Many barrows on the sides of
those hills.

[121] Such a Roman _Pharos_ at Damiata in Egypt, the view of it in Le
Brun, plate 70. letter A.

[122] I suppose likewise that the sails of ships ought to be narrower
at top, where they are fastened to the yard’s arm, broader at bottom,
like a cloke; and so they are ordinarily made in some measure.

[123] At Folkstone the famous Dr. Harvey was born, ob. 1657.

[124] The seat of Ostenhanger, through the park whereof the
Stone-street runs to Limne, was a noble building: they sold it lately
for 1000 pounds to a mason, who pulled it all down. An inscription of
the chapel there is now made a stone step in the house of Mr. Smith
of Stanford; thus copied by Mr. Godfrey:

IVIL. V. ET. XX A LINCARNATION NOSTRE CHRIST ET LE XII. ANNE DV
TRES HAULT ET TRES SANT ET TRES EXCELLENT PRINCE NOSTRE
ET ROY HĒR̄̅Y VIII A LE HONEVR DV DIEV ET DE LA GLORIEUSE
VIERGE MARIE FVT FAICTE ET ACHEVEE CESTE CHAPELLE PAR MESSIRE EDOVARD
POYNINGS CHEVALIER DE LA NOBLE ORDRE DV GARTIER ET CONTRE ROYLER DE
LA MASON DV ROY CVY DIEV DDINT SA GRACE ET BONNE VIE ET LONGVE ET
PARADIS A LA FIN AMEN.

[125] Asclepiades says Boreas, a king of the Celts, planted an unknown
tree on the _tumulus_ of his daughter _Cyparissa_; whence the name of
it, and its funeral use. Trees planted on Protesilaus’s sepulchre,
Pliny, XVI. 44. So an oak on Illus’s _tumulus_, ibid. so on the tomb
of Amycus king of the Bebrycians, _ibid._

[126] St. Martin’s day, in the Norway clogs, is marked with a goose;
for on that day they always feasted with a roasted goose: they say
St. Martin, being elected to a bishoprick, hid himself, but was
discovered by that animal. We have transferred the ceremony to
Michaelmas. Sumner’s glossary, voce ᵹe-beoꞃꞅciꞃe, mentions the _alæ_
of the northern people, meaning such a religious ceremony as we have
been speaking of: and, if one consults Skinner’s _Etymologicon_ for
the derivation of our word _ale_, we may be apt to suspect it is most
reasonable to refer it to this custom, from the incongruity of his.

[127] This work on the outside of the gates is called _titulus_ by
Hyginus: he orders it to be sixty foot distant from the gate. The
word and thing, whether round or square, is analogous to our modern
priest-cap, as called: perhaps it should be _tutulus_.

[128] Captain Madox sent me some Roman coins; a Maximian pretty large,
LON ; with an instrument of brass.

[129] In Weekfield, much foundations of houses, coins, &c.

[130] Divitiacus, king of the Gauls, had a great command in Britain, in
_Belgium_, and seems to have given his name to the Devizes, upon his
frontier.

Wells remains of the _Belgæ_.

[131] A most noble busto in brass found at the Bath, anno 1727. Mr.
Gale says it is not easy to know whether it be a man’s or a woman’s:
I suppose it is the Genius of the city, buried there for luck sake.
Such another found in the middle of Paris, very deep, with a mural
crown on; and such a one had ours, the holes being visible where it
was fastened.

[132] In the public papers, Jan. 1722–3, at Corton, Somersetshire, a
small Roman urn full of coins, Valerian, Gallienus, Aurelian, in the
hands of Mr. Tho. Nash, rector there.

[133] Some have had a notion that Joseph of Arimathea was buried at
Montague hill, not at Glasenbury; but if Joseph ever was in Britain,
it is most likely he was buried really at Glasenbury: and probably
it is Simon the Zealot, or Canaanite, one of our Saviour’s apostles,
that is buried at Montague; the two stories being confounded, and
perhaps two made of one: for that Simon preached in Britain, wrought
miracles here, was martyred and buried in Britain, we have the
express testimony, and very ancient, of Nicephorus, Dorotheus, the
Greek Monologies, wherein he is said to be crucified and buried there.

[134] A broad Roman sword found here, 1688. Here is a spring.

[135] Alexander, at building Alexandria, marked the track of the walls
with bread-corn.

[136] Urbs primum in medio regionis maximè condatur, delecto in loco
qui cæteras quoque opportunitates complectatur, quas & concipere &
designare minimè difficile est; deinde in partes duodecim distributio
fiat, ut Vestae prima Jovique atque Minervæ consecretur; & illa urbis
pars Arx nuncupetur, & septo diligenter muniatur: & ex eo urbem &
regionem in duodecim partes distribuant: vici præterea in 12 partes
erunt distribuendi, sicuti & cæteræ civium facultates ut ex 12
partium constitutione cursuum lustrationes commodius peragi possint:
12 quoque partes 12 diis erunt deinceps attribuendæ; & unaquæque
pars, ex ejus dei nomine cui illa obtigerit, erit nuncupanda, ut
tribus ipsa sit suo & tutelari deo cognominata; sed ut 12 urbis
membra, sicuti in reliqua regione factum est, singulatim in duas
habitationes fuerunt dividenda, quarum una circa medium sit, altera
circa extremum; & habitationis quidem ordo & ratio hunc in modum
conformetur.—All this Plato learnt from the Jewish œconomy.

[137] It pleases me to inquire the names of these old things, however
aukward. Quære, Whether it means the name of the person buried there,
or the god worshipped there, _Baal_, _Belinus_; or that it signifies
only an eminence, _bal_, _fal_?

[138] _Opus tessellatum_ found in the castle.

[139] Eubulus greeteth thee, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and
all the brethren.—See Fuller’s Church History, and Usher.

[140] Mr. Terry of Lincoln tells me, at Tangham near Farnham,
innumerable Roman coins, urns, and antiquities, are dug up every
where in hedge-rows: vast quantities of them, which he got, he
gave to Oxford. This perhaps was the site of _Calleva_. Many
pillars, pilasters, capitals, bases, marble tables, &c. dug up there
continually; many in possession of George Woodroff, esq. late owner
of the estate: he had many pecks of coins found there.

[141] A large parcel of it, a quarter of a mile long, is still perfect
to the east of the brook, where the powder mills are on Hounslow
heath, where the common road goes southward to pass it.

[142] The _via Trinovantica_.

[143] November, 1731, a labourer dug up an urn full of silver Roman
coin, at Turnham green, as repeated in the public prints.

[144] Stanes was fenced round with a ditch.

Transcriber’s Notes:

- Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
- Text enclosed by pluses is in small caps (+Small Caps+).
- Text enclosed by asterisks is in blackletter font (*blackletter*).
- A table of contents has been added.
- Blank pages have been removed.
- Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected.
- There is no plate #56.
- Errata from Vol. II. have been applied.