Chapter XXI: Democracy Triumphant (3)

Morris, Robert, Senator from Pennsylvania, on titles, 6;
through business partner, speculated in certificates, 46;
legislative agent of Hamilton, 47;
discusses with Hamilton on location of capital, 65, 66;
rents his residence in Philadelphia as Presidential residence, 119;
Hamilton outlines his Bank policy to, 74;
on Genêt, 217.

Morris, Mrs. Robert, intimate of Mrs. Washington, ‘second lady in the land,’
131.

Morse, Anson, D., quoted, 142.

Muhlenberg, Frederick A. C., Speaker of the House, pokes fun at Senators on
titles;, 5;
favors Assumption Bill, 58;
one of deputation from Congress to Hamilton on the Reynolds charges, 187.

_National Gazette_, on Hamilton’s _Report on Manufactures_, 161, 163;
attacks in, on Hamilton, 166-70;
attacks in, on Washington, 221;
attacks Hamilton’s conduct of the Treasury, 196, 197;
presents analysis of vote vindicating Hamilton’s management of Treasury, 204;
on French Revolution, 207, 211, 212;
on Genêt, 218, 219, 220;
prints Madison’s reply to ‘Pacificus’ letters in _Gazette of United States_,
226;.

Naturalization Act, 264.

Neutrality, Proclamation of, in war between French Republic and England, 216;
dissatisfaction of people, 217, 220;
flouted by both French and British, 224;
justified by Hamilton in brilliant series of articles in Fenno’s _Gazette_,
225;, 226;
the case of the _Little Sarah_, 227, 228.

_New Hampshire Gazette_, on the Jay Treaty, 282.

_New York, Argus_, on the Jay Treaty, 275, 277, 278, 282, 283.

New York City, capital of the Nation in 1789, 1;
First Congress meets in, 1;
preparations for Washington’s Inaugural, 2, 3, 7;
inaugural ball, 7, 8;
life in, 8, 10;
narrow streets, and muddy, 10;
theatrical productions, 10, 11;
cost of living, 12;
tone of society not republican, 12;
republican ‘court,’ 13, 15;
Wall Street fashionable residence street, 15;
slave market and whipping-post prominent in 1789, 9, 10;
taverns, theaters, 11;
yellow fever epidemic, 380.

_New York Daily Advertiser_, on First Congress, 79;
‘Publicola’ letters in _Columbian Centinel_ answered, 84, 85.

_New York Journal_, on Assumption, 63, 64.

_New York Register_, on Madison’s amendment to Funding Bill, 177.

_New York Time Piece_, on X Y Z papers, 365.

Newspapers, stories in, as to speculations in public securities, 50;
on the Funding Bill, 57, 58;
on Assumption, 71;
on Bank, 78, 79;
on Jefferson and Paine’s _Rights of Man_, 84, 85;
on speculative craze, 88, 89, 176, 177;
on Hamilton’s _Report on Manufactures_, 161;
on attacks on Hamilton’s financial measures, 163, 165;
Federalist and Jeffersonian organs, 166-70;
Hamilton’s attacks in, on Jefferson, 172;
on Indian expedition of St. Clair, 175;
on election of Clinton Governor of New York, 178;
in campaign of 1792, 181-83;
crusade against Hamilton, 196;
on Hamilton’s defense of his financial policy, 198, 199, 203, 204;
on French Revolution, 207, 211, 212;
on Genêt, 218-20;
attacks on and defense of Washington, 221;
on the Democratic Societies, 253;
on the Whiskey Insurrection, 254, 255;
on the Jay Treaty, 273-83;
in campaign of 1796, 310, 311;
on the debates in Congress on trouble with France, 350-61;
on the X Y Z papers, 364, 365;
on supposed French outrages, 366-71;
on Alien and Sedition Bills, 374-81;
in Presidential campaign of 1800, 444-85.

Nicholas, George, Kentucky Jeffersonian, challenges Harper to debate on Sedition
Law,
406.

Nicholas, Wilson Carey, of Virginia, in conference with Jefferson at Monticello
on; plans to repeal the Alien and Sedition Laws, 407.

Noailles, Viscount de, visitor to Philadelphia, 135;
appointed Minister by Royal Princes at Coblentz, received by Washington, 219;
Bache’s _Daily Advertiser_ on, 234.

O’Eller’s tavern, Philadelphia, 119, 121, 136;
dinner at, to Genêt, 220.

Order of the Cincinnati, Jefferson on, 262.

Otis, Harrison Gray, on Hamilton, 38;
on Philadelphia, 123, 124;
Representative from Massachusetts, 346;
sketch of, 346.

Paine, Thomas, _Rights of Man_ reply to Burke’s _Reflections upon the French
Revolution_,
82;
publication of pamphlet in Philadelphia creates sensation, 82, 83;
Jefferson’s letter to printer used as preface, 83;
newspaper controversy, 83, 84.

Parsons, Theophilus, pessimistic in campaign of 1792, 179.

Paterson, New Jersey, manufacturing city promoted by Hamilton, 162.

Paterson, William, Senator from New Jersey, and the Assumption Bill, 62.

_Pennsylvania Gazette_, on Bank Bill, 78;
on speculation, 88.

Perry’s Gardens, New York City, 10.

Philadelphia, social background, 116-39;
capital removed to, 116;
appearance of city in 1790’s, 117;
government departments closely connected, 118;
private houses rooming-houses for Congressmen, 120;
lack of ‘respectful manners’ of the ‘common people,’ noted by travelers, 121;
life of working and middle classes not easy, 123;
society luxury-loving and aristocratic, 123;
English influence prominent, 124;
social life, free manners, 126, 127;
yellow fever epidemic in 1793, 235-38.

_Philadelphia Advertiser_, on Hamilton, 162.

Philadelphia County Brigade, 275.

Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 138;
Jefferson at rooms of, 138.

Pickering, Timothy, and the _Africa_ incident, 287;
writes of British to John Quincy Adams, 287;
Secretary of State under Adams, sketch of, 326-31;
ignores requests of Adams in French troubles, 430;
delays preparation of instructions to French mission, 434;
dismissed by Adams, 456, 457.

Pinckney, Charles, of South Carolina, joins Jefferson, 150;
elected to Senate, 383.

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, Minister to France, 342;
joined with Marshall and Gerry in special mission in France, 345;
Federalist candidate for President in 1800, 459 ff.

Pinckney, Thomas, Minister to Great Britain, his efforts to stop
British violations of Neutrality Proclamation, 224;
set aside in negotiations of Jay Treaty, 269;
sketch of, 309, 310;
selected by Hamilton and King as Federalist candidate for President, in 1796,
310;.

Pintard, John, chief of Tammany Society, 148.

_Porcupine’s Gazette_, active in urging war with France, 350-60;
publishes Martin’s attacks on Jefferson, 352, 353;
abusive to Democrats, 354, 355;
on Lyon-Griswold fight in House, 361.

Powell, Mrs. Samuel, aunt of Mrs. William Bingham, 132.

Priestley, Joseph, English liberal, addresses Tammany and other ‘Democratic
Societies;’ in New York, 259.

Randolph, Edmund, Attorney-General under Washington, considers Hamilton’s Bank Bill
unconstitutional,
77;
on reception of Genêt, 215;
succeeds Jefferson as Secretary of State, 239;
and French Minister Faucet, 285;
is dismissed from Cabinet, 286.

Read, Jacob, Senator from South Carolina, denounced in Charleston for supporting Jay
Treaty,
281.

Reign of Terror, Alien and Sedition Laws produce, in 1798, 380-82;
continued through two years, 383;
riotings, 384;
victims, 386-93, 398-406.

_Report on Manufactures_, Hamilton’s, 161;
newspaper comments on, 161.

_Report on the Public Credit_, Hamilton’s, 43-68;
debated in Congress, 44.

Reynolds, James, seeks to blackmail Hamilton, 187.

Ricketts, John, proprietor of the Circus, Philadelphia, 138.

_Rights of Man_, by Thomas Paine, copy lent by printer to Jefferson, 82;
in returning borrowed copy to printer Jefferson writes note commending pamphlet,
83;
Jefferson’s note used by printer as preface, 83;
effect of publication, 83, 84;
newspaper controversy over, 83, 84.

Rittenhouse, David, scientist and friend of Jefferson, 149;
and Jefferson in library of Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 156;
aids in preparations for reception of Genêt, 219;
president of Democratic Club of Philadelphia, 223.

Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Duc de La, on Philadelphia, 124, 125;
in Philadelphia, 135.

Rush, Dr. Benjamin, writes letters to Maclay against Assumption, 61;
on Paine’s _Rights of Man_, 84;
letter to Burr, 147;
Jefferson’s friend, 149;
in yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, 237.

Rutledge, John, denounces Jay Treaty, 280;
appointment as Chief Justice not confirmed, 289.

Saint Cecilia Society, Democratic Club in Charleston, 223.

St. Clair, General Arthur, failure of expedition against Indians made issue
by; Jeffersonians in campaign of 1792, 175.

Schuyler, Philip, father-in-law of Hamilton, elected Senator from New York,
36;
letter of Hamilton to, on Washington, 41, 42;
and the Assumption Bill, 62.

‘Scrippomony,’ Jefferson on, 87.

Sedition Bill, purpose to crush Jeffersonian press, 376, 377;
debates on, in Congress, marked by disorder, 378;
passed by small margin, 380.

Sedgwick, Theodore, speculator in public securities, defends Funding Bill, 48,
49;;
on funding of debt, 48, 49, 50;
on Madison’s plan to amend Funding Bill, 55;
speech on the Assumption Bill, 62;
and Excise Bill, 72;
and amendment to Excise Bill, 73;
on Giles’s resolutions attacking Treasury management, 201;
recommended Adams’s nomination as Vice-President, in 1789, 325;
on results of 1798 elections, 383.

Sedgwick, Mrs. Theodore, 134.

Sherman, Roger, Representative and Senator from Connecticut, on titles, 3.

Sign of the Sorrel Horse, Philadelphia tavern, 119.

Smith, Mrs. Margaret Bayard, on Jefferson, 92, 93.

Smith, Samuel, on Madison commerce resolutions, 241.

Smith, Jeremiah, on Philadelphians, 116.

Smith, William, Representative from South Carolina, on Madison’s amendment to Funding
Bill,
55;
chosen director of Bank of United States, 90;
on Giles’s resolutions attacking Treasury management, 201, 203;
on Madison’s commerce resolutions, 240, 242.

Southwark Theater, Philadelphia, 137.

Speculation, in government securities, 44-47;
members of Congress involved, 46-48;
in stock and scrip, 87;
fraud and counterfeiting, 88;
Hamilton shocked and concerned, 88;
bubble bursts in 1792, 176;
Hamilton’s policies charged as cause of panic, 177;
newspaper comments on, 177.

_Spooner’s Vermont Journal_, on the Jay Treaty, 283.

Steele, John, North Carolina, 181.

Stewart, Mrs. Walter, daughter of Blair McClenachan, social leader
of Philadelphia, 132.

Strong, Caleb, Senator from Massachusetts, 9;
and the Assumption Bill, 62.

Sullivan, James, lawyer, pamphleteer, and orator for the Democrats, 145.

Tammany, Sons of, rival organization to Society of the Cincinnati, 148;
at first non-partisan, then fervid Jeffersonians, 148.

Tariff, in First Congress, 19;
in Second Congress, 161;
Hamilton’s _Report on Manufactures_ excites little attention, 161.

Taylor, John, of Caroline, a Jeffersonian leader in Virginia, 149, 150;
Jeffersonian leaders confer at home of, 205;
pamphlet analyzing vote in Congress vindicating Hamilton, attributed to, 205,
206;;
introduces Virginia Resolutions in Legislature, 409.

Tilley, Count, 135.

Treaty with the Southern Indians, Washington’s attitude on presentation to the
Senate,
21,
22.

Trumbull, John, paints portrait of Hamilton, 162.

Tucker, George, editor of Blackstone’s _Commentaries_, 169.

Twining, Thomas, in Philadelphia, 120.

_United States Chronicle_, on Freneau’s attacks on Hamilton, 164.

Venable, Abraham B., of deputation from Congress to Hamilton on the Reynolds
charges,
187.

_Vermont Journal_, on Hamilton’s Passaic Falls scheme, 162.

Vining, John, Representative from Delaware, and Assumption, 61;
Maclay on, 61.

Virginia Resolutions, written by James Madison, and introduced in
Legislature by John Taylor of Caroline, 409;
contemporary opinions of, 409-11.

Wadsworth, Jeremiah, Representative from Connecticut, speculator in
certificates, 47 n.;
sneers at soldiers of Revolution, 55, 56;
elected director of Bank of United States, 90.

Warville, Brissot de, and Mrs. Bingham, 128, 129.

Washington, George, reception on arrival in New York, 6, 7;
inaugurated President, 7;
bored by dignities and ceremonial of office, 16, 17;
his solemn dinners, 18;
presents in person treaty with Southern Indians for ratification by Senate,
20;;
annoyed by proposal to refer treaty to committee, 21;
rents house of Robert Morris in Philadelphia, 119;
endeavors, unsuccessfully, to effect reconciliation between Jefferson and
Hamilton;, 171;
Hamilton refuses to discontinue attacks in Fenno’s _Gazette_, 172;
and the French Revolution, 214;
issues Neutrality Proclamation, 216;
and Jefferson in the case of the _Little Sarah_, 228;
reluctantly accepts Jefferson’s resignation, 233, 234;
appoints Jay special envoy to Great Britain, 247;
attacks Democratic Societies in Message, 261;
delays signing Jay Treaty, 285;
his prestige used to make Treaty more acceptable, 286;
is attacked by Democratic press, 286-88;
refuses to comply with request of House for papers pertaining to Jay Treaty,
298;;
refuses to be a candidate for a third term, 308;
accepts chief command of army in prospective war with France, 413;
selects Hamilton, Pinckney, and Knox as major-generals, 413.

Washington City, new capital, in 1800, 486-89;
‘city of magnificent distances,’ but mud roads, 487.

Whiskey Boys, the. _See_ Whiskey Insurrection.

Whiskey Insurrection, the, 250-56;
grew out of enforcement of Excise Law, 251;
Hamilton active in suppressing, 254-56;
ringleaders arrested, harshly treated, and jailed, 255;
most of prisoners acquitted on trial, 255;
two convicted, but pardoned by Washington, 256;
tempest in a teapot, 256.

Williamson’s Gardens, New York City, 10.

Willing, Thomas, business partner of Robert Morris, elected director of Bank of
United; States, 90.

Wingate, Paine, on Federal Hall, 2.

Witherspoon, John, president of Princeton, 157.

Wolcott, Mary Ann, sister of Oliver Wolcott, afterward Mrs. Chauncey Goodrich,
134;.

Wolcott, Oliver, of Connecticut, on Hamilton’s religious views, 41;
mouthpiece for Hamilton, 59, 60;
on Philadelphians, 116;
on demonstrations against Jay Treaty, 275;
Adams’s Secretary of the Treasury, sketch of, 331-34.

Wolcott, Mrs. Oliver, called ‘the magnificent,’ 134.

Wythe, George, Virginia lawyer and politician, 96;
presides at meeting in Richmond denouncing Jay Treaty, 282.

X Y Z papers, Federalists familiar with, before publication, 364;
Hamilton sees trump card in them for war party, 364;
Jeffersonians kept in ignorance, 364;
excitement intense on publication, 365, 366;
‘millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute,’ a clarion call, 366;
rioting in Philadelphia, 367.

Yellow Cat, the, Philadelphia tavern, 120.

Yellow fever, in Philadelphia, 237, 238;
in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, 380.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Pickering (Wingate to Pickering), II, 447.

[2] Ames, I, 31.

[3] _Writings_, I, 450.

[4] Ames, I, 31, 32.

[5] Pickering (Wingate to Pickering), II, 447.

[6] Ames, I, 31; Pickering, II, 447.

[7] _Republican Court_, 120-22; _Story of a Street_, 101.

[8] Ames, I, 32-34.

[9] _Writings_, I, 450.

[10] Ames (to Minot), I, 41-42.

[11] _Republican Court_, 122, note.

[12] Adams’s explanation, _Works_, VIII, 511-13.

[13] Maclay, 2-3.

[14] Maclay, 7-10.

[15] _Ibid._, 22-24.

[16] _Ibid._, 25-27.

[17] Maclay, 37.

[18] _Writings_, I, 470-71.

[19] Ames, I, 46.

[20] June 3, 1789.

[21] Maclay, 31.

[22] _Daily Advertiser_, April 24, 1789.

[23] _Ibid._

[24] _Story of a Street_, 221.

[25] Maclay, 7-10.

[26] _Ibid._

[27] _Gazette of the United States_, May 2, 1789.

[28] _Ibid._

[29] _Ibid_, May 8, 1789.

[30] _Daily Advertiser_, May 8, 1789.

[31] _Daily Advertiser_, May 8, 1729.

[32] _Gazette of the United States_, May 9, 1789.

[33] Governor Page complained bitterly of hogs and mud. _Memorial History_, III, 48.

[34] The _Daily Advertiser_ advertises the specifications April 13, 1789.

[35] Maclay, 90.

[36] _Gazette of the United States_, June 27, 1789.

[37] _Memorial History_, III, 47.

[38] _Daily Advertiser_, March 6, 1789.

[39] _Memorial History_, III, 45.

[40] Daily Advertiser, April 15, 1789.

[41] _New York in 1789_, 117.

[42] _Memorial History_, III, 65; _New York in 1789_, 117-20.

[43] _New York in 1789_, 172-75.

[44] _Ibid._, 176.

[45] _Ibid._, 178.

[46] May 9, 1789.

[47] _Gazette of the United States_, May 13, 1789.

[48] Maclay, 31.

[49] _Gazette of the United States_, June 6, 1789.

[50] _Ibid._, September 19, 1789.

[51] _Story of a Street_, 112.

[52] Gibbs, I, 22.

[53] _Ibid._, I, 43.

[54] _New York in 1789_, 19.

[55] _Ibid._, 119.

[56] Warville, 96-97.

[57] _Republican Court_, 210, note.

[58] Brooks, _Knox_, 217-18.

[59] Mrs. Iredell; McRee, _Iredell_, II, 296-97.

[60] _Gazette of the United States_, May 16, 1789.

[61] _Ibid._, May 30, 1789.

[62] _Daily Advertiser_, June 19, 1789.

[63] _Gazette of the United States_, April 15, 1789.

[64] Maclay, 257-58.

[65] Wharton, _Salons, Colonial and Republican_, 53.

[66] Maclay, 266.

[67] _Ibid._, 73-74.

[68] _Story of a Street_, 112, 114-17, 121.

[69] Richmond Hill, at present site of Charlton and Varick Streets.

[70] _Letters of Mrs. Adams_ (to Mrs. Shaw), II, 201; (to Thomas Brand-Hollis), II, 205.

[71] Ames (to Minot), I, 34; Maclay, 375; _Familiar Letters_, 86-89.

[72] Adams, _Works_, VIII, 491-92.

[73] Thayer’s _Washington_, 180-81.

[74] _Gazette of the United States_, May 6, 1789.

[75] _Republican Court_, 149, note.

[76] _Autobiography_, Ford, I, 171.

[77] Maclay, 138.

[78] Iredell, II, 138.

[79] Maclay, 138.

[80] _Ibid._, 138, 206.

[81] _Ibid._, 101.

[82] Maclay, 38.

[83] _Ibid._, 50.

[84] Bassett, _The Federalist System_.

[85] Gerry, _Annals_, May 20, 1789.

[86] _Writings_ (to Randolph), I, 471-73.

[87] Jackson, _Annals_, I, 486-89.

[88] Page, _Annals_, I, 548-52.

[89] Maclay, 128-31.

[90] Iredell (Lowther to Iredell), II, 258-59.

[91] _Writings_, I, 471-73.

[92] Warville, 102.

[93] _Familiar Letters_, 236-37.

[94] Oliver, 114.

[95] Gibbs, I, 22.

[96] _Autobiography_, 278.

[97] Morris, _Diary_, II, 456.

[98] Oliver, 15.

[99] See Appendix, Lodge, _Alexander Hamilton_.

[100] _Works_, IX, 405-06; letter to brother.

[101] _Ibid._, X, 109.

[102] _Intimate Life_, 3.

[103] _Life_, by son, I, 4.

[104] Fiske, I, 104-05.

[105] _Life_, by son, I, 10.

[106] _Ibid._, 22.

[107] _Ibid._, 263-74.

[108] Payne’s _Journalism_, 191-92.

[109] _Works_, I, 202.

[110] _Ibid._, I, 213-39.

[111] _Ibid._, I, 243-87.

[112] _Life_, by son, II, 277.

[113] _Ibid._, I, 69.

[114] _Works_, VI, 276.

[115] _Life_, by son, I, 69.

[116] _Ibid._, I, 318.

[117] _Ibid._

[118] Lodge, 26.

[119] Oliver, 27.

[120] _Intimate Life_, 47.

[121] Oliver, 161-62.

[122] Lodge, 177-78; Oliver, 163-64.

[123] Oliver, 86.

[124] _Ibid._, 263.

[125] _Ibid._, 376.

[126] _Works_, VI, 457.

[127] Oliver, 149.

[128] Fiske, 120; Lodge, 58.

[129] Beck, 75.

[130] Oliver, 156.

[131] _Works_, I, 347-69.

[132] Beck, 76.

[133] _Life_, by son, II, 487.

[134] _Ibid._, 487.

[135] _Ibid._, 488.

[136] _Ibid._

[137] _Ibid._

[138] _Ibid._, 516.

[139] Lodge, 60.

[140] _Works_, I, 404.

[141] Gordy, I, 70.

[142] _Works_, I, 417.

[143] _Ibid._

[144] _Works_, I, 420.

[145] Lodge, 62-63.

[146] Statement to Tench Coxe quoted by Jefferson, _Works of Jefferson_, Ford, I, 338.

[147] Letter to G. Morris, _Works_, X, 425.

[148] Morris, _Diary_, II, 456.

[149] _Works_, X, 480.

[150] _Intimate Life_, 75.

[151] _Life_, by son, I, 398.

[152] Parton’s _Jefferson_, 358.

[153] _Familiar Letters_, 236-37.

[154] Oliver, 177-78.

[155] _Works_, X, 3; letter to King.

[156] Jefferson’s _Anas_, I, 180.

[157] Morris, _Diary_, II, 456.

[158] Lodge, 156.

[159] _Works_, X, 354.

[160] Morris, _Diary_, II, 456.

[161] Cabot, 298-300.

[162] _Intimate Life_, 48.

[163] _Life_, by son, I, 236.

[164] _Ibid._, 233.

[165] Lodge, 81.

[166] _Ibid._, 144.

[167] Oliver, 40.

[168] _Works_, X, 90-91.

[169] _Ibid._, X, 425-26.

[170] _Works_, X, 123-26; letter to Lloyd.

[171] Parton’s _Jefferson_, 355.

[172] _Intimate Life_, 46.

[173] _Works_, IX, 256-58.

[174] _Familiar Letters_, 236-37.

[175] Morison’s _Otis_ (to Mrs. Otis), I, 141-43.

[176] Cabot, 204-05.

[177] Morison’s _Otis_, I, 141.

[178] Lodge, 272.

[179] Oliver, 76.

[180] _Ibid._, 381.

[181] Griswold, 173.

[182] _Intimate Life_, 55.

[183] _Ibid._, 56.

[184] _Ibid._, 60.

[185] _Ibid._, 259.

[186] _Ibid._, 73.

[187] _Intimate Life_, 17.

[188] _Works_, V, 61 (to Washington); X, 256 (to William Smith); X, 275 (to King); X, 343 (to Pickering).

[189] _Life_, by son, reminiscences of Troup, I, 10.

[190] _Ibid._

[191] _Works_, VI, 276.

[192] _Ibid._, X, 432-37.

[193] _Intimate Life_, 334.

[194] _Ibid._, 406.

[195] Oliver and Sumner.

[196] _Intimate Life_, 261.

[197] _Works_, IX, 232-37.

[198] _Ibid._, X, 356-57.

[199] _Daily Advertiser_, October 9, 1789.

[200] Gerry and Clymer, both supporters of the _Report_, objected. _Annals_, January 9, 1790.

[201] Maclay, 177.

[202] _Writings, J. Q. Adams_, I, 49.

[203] _Connecticut Gazette_, February 19, 1790.

[204] Lodge, 90-91.

[205] _Ibid._

[206] Madison’s _Writings_ (letter to Pendleton), I, 507-09.

[207] Maclay, 179. The member of Congress who sent the vessels was Jeremiah Wadsworth of Connecticut.

[208] Professor C. A. Beard makes a conclusive case against both in his _Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy_.

[209] _Works of Jefferson_, I, 354.

[210] Mr. Amory, H. G. Otis, and William Wetmore.

[211] _Writings of J. Q. Adams_, I, 56-59.

[212] Maclay, 177-78.

[213] Beard’s _Economic Interpretation_, 104-12.

[214] _Gazette of the United States_, ‘Common Sense,’ January 30, 1790.

[215] _Annals_, January 28, 1790.

[216] _Ibid._

[217] Maclay, February 1, 1790.

[218] Maclay, 194.

[219] _Annals_, February 10, 1790.

[220] _New York Daily Advertiser_, February 13, 1790.

[221] _Familiar Letters_, 108.

[222] _Gazette of the United States_, April 15, 1790.

[223] Fiske, 187.

[224] Ames (letter to Minor), I, 35.

[225] _First Forty Years of American Society, Family Letters of Mrs. Margaret Bayard Smith_, 61.

[226] _Works of Jefferson, Ford_, I, 86.

[227] Mrs. Smith, 63.

[228] _Annals_, February 11, 1790.

[229] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 507.

[230] _Annals_, February 15, 1790.

[231] _Writings_ (to Randolph), I, 512.

[232] White, _Annals_, February 16, 1790.

[233] White, _Annals_, February 16, 1790.

[234] Maclay, 199.

[235] _Ibid._, February 22, 1790.

[236] _Writings_, _J. Q. Adams_, I, 49.

[237] _Gazette of the United States_, June 12, 1790.

[238] _Centinel_, February 24, 1790.

[239] _Ibid._, March 20, 1790.

[240] _Pennsylvania Gazette_, copied in _Maryland Gazette_, February 26, 1790.

[241] Boston, _Independent Chronicle_, March 4, 1790.

[242] Boston, _Independent Chronicle_, March 25, 1790.

[243] _Ibid._, April 15.

[244] Maclay, 202.

[245] _Ibid._, 205.

[246] _New York Advertiser_, February 20, 1790.

[247] _Ibid._, February 22, 1790.

[248] Comptroller of the Treasury.

[249] Gibbs, I, 43.

[250] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), I, 511.

[251] McRee, _Iredell_ (from Senator Johnson), II, 286; (from William R. Davie), II, 281, note.

[252] King, I, 385.

[253] Henry, II, 459.

[254] Stone of Maryland.

[255] Maclay, 203.

[256] _Ibid._, 209.

[257] _Ibid._, 212.

[258] _Ibid._, 214.

[259] Maclay, 227, 230.

[260] _Ibid._, 234.

[261] Elias Boudinot of New Jersey.

[262] Maclay, 237.

[263] Maclay, 248.

[264] _Ibid._, 250.

[265] _Writings_, I, 517.

[266] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 286.

[267] Lodge, _Cabot_, 35-36.

[268] _Ibid._ (to Goodhue), 37.

[269] _Gazette of the United States_, April 21, 1790.

[270] _Ibid._, April 24, 1790.

[271] _Centinel_, June 19, 1790.

[272] _Daily Advertiser_, March 24, 1790.

[273] Ames (to Dwight), I, 79-80.

[274] Maclay, 292.

[275] _Ibid._, 299.

[276] Maclay, 310.

[277] _Works_, Ford, VIII, 42-45.

[278] _Ibid._, VIII, 52.

[279] _Writings_ (to Monroe), I, 522.

[280] Maclay, 332.

[281] _Gazette of the United States_, August 25, 1790.

[282] February 25, 1791.

[283] Brooks, _Knox_, 213.

[284] _Maryland Journal_, February 11, 1791.

[285] Josiah Parker.

[286] _Annals_, January 5, 1791.

[287] Samuel Livermore.

[288] _Annals_, January 6, 1791.

[289] _Annals_, January 11, 1791.

[290] Maclay, 385.

[291] _Ibid._, 385.

[292] Maclay, 387.

[293] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 123.

[294] _Works_, III, 319-41; 342-87.

[295] _Ibid._, 388-443.

[296] Maclay, 364.

[297] _Ibid._, 369.

[298] _Annals_, February 2, 1791.

[299] Ames (to Dwight), I, 94.

[300] _Annals_, February 3, 1791.

[301] Jefferson’s _Works_, III, 145-53.

[302] Madison’s _Writings_, III, 171.

[303] Madison’s _Writings_, III, 171.

[304] Ames (to Minot), February 17, 1791.

[305] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), I, 534-35.

[306] Hamilton’s _Works_ (letter to Carrington), IX, 513-35.

[307] Parton, II, 1.

[308] Dustin’s _Freneau_, 160.

[309] May 11, 1791.

[310] _Gazette of the United States_, April 6, 1791.

[311] _Daily Advertiser_, February 25, 1791.

[312] _Independent Chronicle_, March 10, 1791.

[313] _New York Daily Advertiser_, July 19, 1791.

[314] British Agent.

[315] _Domestic Life_, 197-98. Jefferson was living in the country.

[316] _Maryland Journal_, March 22, 1791.

[317] _Domestic Life_, 199.

[318] _Ibid._, 201.

[319] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 205.

[320] Gay’s _Madison_.

[321] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 534.

[322] Graydon, 375.

[323] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 335.

[324] Adams, _Adams_, I, 454.

[325] _New York Daily Advertiser_, July 8, 1791.

[326] _Ibid._, July 9, 1791.

[327] _Ibid._, July 14, 1791.

[328] _Independent Chronicle_, June 23, 1791.

[329] _Ibid._, July 7, 1791.

[330] _Ibid._, August 26, 1791.

[331] _Ibid._

[332] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 192.

[333] Adams, _Works_, VIII, 503.

[334] _Ibid._, 505.

[335] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 535.

[336] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 223.

[337] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 232.

[338] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 540.

[339] _Ibid._, I, 534.

[340] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 538.

[341] _Maryland Journal_, February 15, 1791.

[342] _Pennsylvania Gazette_, September 7, 1791.

[343] August 17, 1791.

[344] Hamilton’s _Works_ (to King), I, 402.

[345] August 8, 1791.

[346] August 9, 1791.

[347] August 13, 1791. ‘Scrips sold last night: Cash 212-202-210-206; 10 days, 216, 217-1/2, 214; 30 days, 223, 212, 215; 45 days, 216; 60 days, 219; Sept. 10, 224; Deliver and pay December 1, 235; Deliver October 1 and pay January 1, 242; Monday next, 207; Tuesday, 215-1/2, 217, 210.’ (_New York Daily Advertiser._)

[348] _Daily Advertiser_, August 15, 1791.

[349] _New York Daily Advertiser._

[350] _Daily Advertiser_, August 17, 1791.

[351] _New York Daily Advertiser_, September 21, 1791.

[352] _Independent Chronicle_, September 1, 1791.

[353] _Independent Chronicle_, August 18, 1791.

[354] Maclay, 272.

[355] _Familiar Letters_, 148.

[356] Maclay, 272.

[357] Mrs. Smith, 6.

[358] _Ibid._, 6-7.

[359] Liancourt, III, 157.

[360] Parton on the Moore incident, III, 115-19.

[361] Maclay, 272.

[362] Mrs. Smith, 6-7.

[363] Maclay, 272.

[364] _Familiar Letters_, 149.

[365] _Familiar Letters_, 148.

[366] Maclay, 272.

[367] Liancourt, III, 157.

[368] _Familiar Letters_, 148.

[369] Mrs. Smith, 6-7.

[370] Randall, I, 14.

[371] Dodd, _Statesmen of the Old South_, 3-4.

[372] _Ibid._, 9.

[373] Dodd, _Statesmen of the Old South_, 23.

[374] Parton’s _Jefferson_, I, 27.

[375] Randall, III, 448.

[376] _Autobiography_, I, 77.

[377] Fiske, 148.

[378] _Works_ (to Mrs. Trist), V, 151.

[379] _Ibid._ (to Bellini), V, 151.

[380] _Ibid._ (to Mrs. Trist), V, 81-82.

[381] _Ibid._ (to Bellini), V, 151-54.

[382] Morris, _Diary_, I, 101.

[383] _Domestic Life_ (letter to Madison), 155; _Works_, I, 131-38.

[384] _Domestic Life_ (letter to Adams), 156.

[385] _Ibid._ (to Jay), 156.

[386] _Ibid._ (to Jay), 159.

[387] _Works_ (letter to Lafayette), VII, 370; (to De St. Etienne), VII, 370-72; (the Charter), VII, 372-74.

[388] _Ibid._, IV, 72.

[389] _Ibid._ (to De Unger), IV, 138-39.

[390] _Autobiography_, I, 72.

[391] Mrs. Wharton, 391.

[392] Parton’s _Jefferson_, I, 344.

[393] Vol. I, 77.

[394] _Works_, V, 3-4: letter to Chastellus.

[395] _Ibid._, VI, 428: to Warville.

[396] Randall, I, 17.

[397] _Ibid._, III, 556-58; letter to Rush.

[398] _Ibid._, 671-76.

[399] _Ibid._; also see _The Thomas Jefferson Bible_, edited by Henry Jackson.

[400] Randall, III, 547.

[401] Dodd, _Statesmen of the Old South_, 36.

[402] Randall, III, 620-22.

[403] _Works_, VI, 11-15; to Charles Thompson.

[404] _Ibid._, 227-29 (to Edward Carrington); 269-71 (to J. Blair).

[405] _Ibid._, 296-301 (to Benjamin Hawkins and George Wythe); 231-32 (to Count Del Vermi).

[406] _Ibid._, 285-89; to John Adams.

[407] _Ibid._, 368.

[408] _Ibid._, 378-83; to William Carmichael.

[409] _Works_, VI, 385-93.

[410] _Ibid._, 425-27. I have the authority of Josephus Daniels for a tradition in North Carolina that such a letter in the hands of Willie Jones was responsible for the failure of the first Convention there to ratify. The letter is apparently lost.

[411] _Ibid._, VII, 26-30; to Carmichael.

[412] _Ibid._, 36-39; to Colonel Carrington.

[413] _Ibid._, 79-88.

[414] _Ibid._, 93-99.

[415] _Ibid._, 183-87.

[416] _Ibid._, 223-31.

[417] _Works_, VII, 319-24.

[418] _Ibid._, VIII, 10-13.

[419] _Autobiography_, I, 118.

[420] _Works_, V, 147; to F. Hopkinson.

[421] _Ibid._, VI, 55-58; to Carrington.

[422] _Ibid._, 335-36.

[423] Randall, I, 404-05.

[424] Mrs. Smith, 389.

[425] _Autobiography_, I, 90.

[426] Randall, II, 403-04.

[427] Fiske, 154.

[428] Adams, _Works_, X, 414.

[429] _Works_, III, 358; to Duane.

[430] _A Summary View_, and _A Reply to Lord North_.

[431] _Domestic Life_, 58.

[432] _Ibid._, 43.

[433] _Works_, V, 33; 42; 59.

[434] _Ibid._, 400-01.

[435] _Works_, VI, 106; _Domestic Life_, 109.

[436] _Works_, IX, 17-19.

[437] _Ibid._, IV, 42.

[438] _Ibid._, V, 180.

[439] _Ibid._, 244-45; VI, 20-23.

[440] _Ibid._, VII, 267-70.

[441] _Ibid._, 73-79.

[442] _Ibid._, V, 244-45.

[443] _Ibid._, 22-24.

[444] _Ibid._, 294-95.

[445] _Ibid._, 294-95; VI, 11-15.

[446] _Ibid._, VII, 113-16.

[447] _Works_, VII, 241-44.

[448] Watson, 114.

[449] Randall, I, 481.

[450] _Domestic Life_, 78.

[451] _Ibid._, 87-89.

[452] _Works_, VI, 81-84.

[453] _Ibid._, 102-06.

[454] _Ibid._, 145-46.

[455] _Mrs. Adams’s Letters_, II, 207.

[456] _Republican Court_, I, 56.

[457] _Ibid._, I, 64.

[458] _Ibid._, 253.

[459] Weld, I, 5-6.

[460] _Republican Court_, 256; _Annals of Philadelphia_, I, 225.

[461] Twining, 44.

[462] Wansey, 184; Liancourt, IV, 91; Weld, I, 8; Twining, 45.

[463] Liancourt, IV, 91; Weld, I, 7-8.

[464] Warville, 187.

[465] Scharf, II, 875.

[466] Warville, 187.

[467] Scharf, II, 875.

[468] Wansey, III.

[469] Lippincott, 36-37.

[470] New York letter to _Maryland Journal_, November 19, 1790.

[471] _Republican Court_, 341.

[472] _Ibid._, 366.

[473] Davis, _Travels_, 40-41.

[474] Wansey, III.

[475] Twining, 31.

[476] Ames, I, 88-89.

[477] Scharf, II, 985.

[478] Twining, 31-34.

[479] Ames, I, 88-89.

[480] Hiltzheimer’s _Diary_, 167.

[481] _Ibid._, 201.

[482] _Ibid._, 205.

[483] _Ibid._, 205.

[484] Weld, I, 29.

[485] _Ibid._, I, 30.

[486] Liancourt, IV, 108-09.

[487] _Ibid._

[488] Gibbs, I, 561.

[489] Warville, 187.

[490] Liancourt, IV, 99.

[491] Warville, 188.

[492] Wharton, _Salons_, 71.

[493] Liancourt, IV, 101.

[494] Otis, I, 128.

[495] Scharf, II, 907.

[496] Weld, I, 21.

[497] Liancourt, IV, 105.

[498] Otis, I, 126.

[499] Morison, _Otis_, I, 126.

[500] Liancourt, IV, 104-05.

[501] Warville, 190.

[502] Mrs. Adams’s _Letters_ (to Mrs. Smith), II, 211.

[503] _Ibid._, II, 213-14.

[504] Davis, _Burr_, I, 303.

[505] Morison, _Otis_, I, 128-29.

[506] Scharf, II, 910 (from Bulow).

[507] Davis, _Burr_, I, 376.

[508] Morison, _Otis_, I, 141-43.

[509] _Ibid._, I, 135.

[510] _Ibid._, I, 135.

[511] Wansey, 136.

[512] _Ibid._, 136.

[513] Wansey; Twining; Lippincott; _Republican Court_; Scharf, II, 911.

[514] Warville, 190.

[515] Maclay, 366.

[516] _Mrs. Adams’s Letters_, II, 211.

[517] _Republican Court_, 291-302.

[518] Morison, _Otis_, I, 135.

[519] _Domestic Life_, 98-100.

[520] Morison, _Otis_, I, 137.

[521] _Republican Court_, 309.

[522] Oberholtzer’s _Life_ (Major Armstrong’s letter to General Armstrong), 70; Governor Reed to General Green, 70.

[523] _Republican Court_, 314.

[524] _Mrs. Adams’s Letters_, II, 211.

[525] _Ibid._

[526] _Early Philadelphia_, 38.

[527] Drake, _Knox_, III.

[528] Brookes, _Knox_, 60.

[529] _Ibid._, 264.

[530] Steiner, _McHenry_ (Williamson to McHenry), 196-97.

[531] Wharton, _Salons_, 54.

[532] _Intimate Life_, 95.

[533] Gibbs, I, 161; _Queens of American Society_, 35.

[534] Probably Madame Grand; _Intimate Life_.

[535] Twining, 39.

[536] Lippincott, 212.

[537] Wansey, 132.

[538] Agnes Repplier, 135.

[539] Wansey, 131.

[540] Wharton, _Salons_, 157.

[541] Lippincott, 282.

[542] Liancourt, IV, 109.

[543] Weld, I. 24.

[544] Hiltzheimer, 204.

[545] Lippincott, 118.

[546] _Mrs. Adams’s Letters_ (to Mrs. Smith), II, 213.

[547] Scharf, II, 967.

[548] Lippincott, 119.

[549] Wansey, 126-27.

[550] Scharf, II, 952.

[551] _Domestic Life_ (to Martha), 221-22.

[552] _Parties and Party Leaders_, 156-57.

[553] Alexander, 15.

[554] Biddle, _Autobiography_, 246.

[555] Maclay, 397.

[556] Thomas, I, 21.

[557] Morison, _Otis_, I, 52.

[558] Quoted from _Independent Chronicle_, by Robinson, 10.

[559] J. Q. Adams, _Works_, I, 191.

[560] Morison, _Otis_, I, 52.

[561] _Connecticut in Transition_, 190-91.

[562] _Ibid._, 193-97.

[563] _Ibid._, 222.

[564] _Republican Court_, 49.

[565] Isaac Hill, quoted by Robinson, 29.

[566] Hammond, I, 107.

[567] Davis, _Burr_, I, 316-17.

[568] _Ibid._, I, 331.

[569] Maclay, 260.

[570] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 232, 239; Dodd, _Macon_, 38.

[571] Dodd, _Maccon_, 51.

[572] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 233.

[573] Senate Docs., vol. 56, 61st Congress, 2d Session, 755.

[574] Ames (to Dwight), I, 136-37.

[575] Robinson, 53.

[576] Robinson, 55.

[577] Quoted from David Daggett’s pamphlet, by Purcell in _Connecticut in Transition_, 225.

[578] _Centinel_, August 22, 1792.

[579] Gibbs, I, 73.

[580] Robinson, quoting from _American Mercury_, 9.

[581] King, _Works_, I, 357.

[582] King, _Works_, I, 501-02.

[583] Payne, _History of Journalism_, 155.

[584] _Writings_, I, 569-70.

[585] _Writings_, I, 569-70.

[586] Rives, _Madison_, III, 194, note.

[587] _Writings_, I, 543.

[588] September 6, 1792.

[589] September 12, 1792.

[590] Robinson, 70, note.

[591] ‘The Beauties of Santa Cruz,’ and ‘The House of Night.’

[592] _Life_, 129.

[593] Hamilton’s _Works_, IV, 91.

[594] _Ibid._

[595] _Ibid._, 166.

[596] _National Gazette_, June 18, 1792.

[597] _Writings_, I, 545.

[598] _National Gazette_, November 14, 1791.

[599] Spooner’s _Vermont Journal_, July 31; _National Gazette_, July 14, 1792.

[600] _National Gazette_, September 8, 1792.

[601] _Ibid._, January 2, 1792.

[602] _Philadelphia Advertiser_, July 6, 1792.

[603] _National Gazette_, December 19, 1791.

[604] _Ibid._, January 19, 1792.

[605] _Ibid._, January 16, 1792.

[606] _Ibid._, January 23, 1792.

[607] _Ibid._, by H. H. Brackenridge, February 9, 1792.

[608] _National Gazette_, March 15, 1792.

[609] _Ibid._, March 29, 1792.

[610] _Ibid._, April 2, 1792.

[611] _Ibid._, February 9, 1792.

[612] _Ibid._, July 18, 1792.

[613] _National Gazette_, April 23, 1792.

[614] _Ibid._, May 3, 1792.

[615] _Ibid._, May 7, 1792.

[616] _Ibid._, May 10, 1792.

[617] _Ibid._, January 4, 1792.

[618] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 341-49.

[619] _Gazette of the United States_, June 6, 1792.

[620] _National Gazette_, June 21, 1792.

[621] _National Gazette_, June 21, 1792.

[622] _Ibid._, June 25, 1792.

[623] _Gazette of the United States_, July 25, 1792.

[624] _National Gazette_, July 28, 1792.

[625] Austin, _Freneau_, 170, note.

[626] No one knew better than Washington that Jefferson would have resigned in the spring had he not been importuned to remain.

[627] One of these was Washington, to whom he made the objections mentioned in a previous chapter.

[628] _National Gazette_, August 8, 1792.

[629] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 14-15.

[630] _National Gazette_, August 15, 1792.

[631] _Gazette of the United States_, August 25, 1792.

[632] Hamilton’s _Works_, VII, 303-06.

[633] The evidence is conclusive on this point.

[634] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 394-408.

[635] _Gazette of the United States_, September 8, 1792.

[636] _National Gazette_, September 8, 1792.

[637] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 411.

[638] _Domestic Life_, 214-15; also letter to T. M. Randolph, _Ibid._, 215.

[639] Quoted by Freneau, September 19, 1792.

[640] October 18, 1792.

[641] Randall, II, 102; to Randolph.

[642] _National Gazette_, October 20, 1792.

[643] January 11, 1792.

[644] _Independent Chronicle_, May 2, 1792.

[645] _Centinel_, June 9, 1792.

[646] Jefferson’s _Works_, VIII, 315-18.

[647] _Independent Chronicle_, May 17, 1792.

[648] March 14, 1792.

[649] _Centinel_, March 28, 1792.

[650] March 14, 1792.

[651] Pickering, letter to wife, III, 27.

[652] April 13, 1792.

[653] April 19, 1792.

[654] May 28, 1792.

[655] _Gazette of the United States_, October 10, 1792.

[656] ‘Ironicus,’ April 21, 1792.

[657] _Centinel_, March 17, 1792.

[658] Alexander, 50.

[659] _Ibid._, 53.

[660] King’s _Works_, I, 408-15.

[661] Bache’s _General Advertiser_, July 19, 1792.

[662] _Ibid._, July 13, 1792.

[663] Hammond, I, 72.

[664] _Life of Parsons_, 468-69.

[665] _Ibid._, 467-68.

[666] Robinson, 9.

[667] Spooner’s _Vermont Journal_, August 7, 1792.

[668] McHenry (to Hamilton), 136-37.

[669] McHenry (to Hamilton), 137, note.

[670] _New York Daily Advertiser_, March 11, 1793, printed a letter from David Ross setting this forth in Hamilton’s defense.

[671] McHenry, 138.

[672] Only one Federalist, William Barry Grove, was elected; Dodd’s _Life of Macon_.

[673] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 460-61.

[674] Hamilton’s _Works_, IX, 513-35.

[675] March 10, 1792.

[676] Adams, _Works_, VIII, 514.

[677] King’s _Works_, I, 413, 427; Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 19-20, 20-21.

[678] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 23-24.

[679] _Ibid._, X, 27.

[680] Judge Samuel Chase, and Benjamin Stoddert, destined to a place in Adams’s Cabinet among them.

[681] _Maryland Journal_, October 16, 1792.

[682] _Maryland Journal_, October 23, 1792.

[683] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 28-29.

[684] _Gazette of the United States_, September 26, 1792.

[685] _National Gazette_, November 24, 1792.

[686] November 9, 1792.

[687] _Gazette of the United States_, December 1, 1792.

[688] _Ibid._, January 5, 1793.

[689] Bache’s _Daily Advertiser_, December 4, 1792.

[690] _Ibid._, December 5, 1792.

[691] _Ibid._, December 15, 1792.

[692] _National Gazette_, February 2, 1793.

[693] Freneau’s description.

[694] _Annals_, November 19, 1792.

[695] February 15, 1790.

[696] _Anas_ I, 235-37.

[697] Bassett, _The Federalist System_.

[698] Hamilton’s _Works_, VII, 389.

[699] Hamilton’s expression, _Works_, VII, 391.

[700] _Ibid._

[701] _Ibid._, VII, 424.

[702] _Ibid._, 427.

[703] Hamilton’s _Works_, VII, 394.

[704] _Annals_, December 24, 1792.

[705] _Annals_, December 26, 1792.

[706] Anderson, _Giles_, 6.

[707] Benton’s _Thirty Years’ View_, I, 682-83.

[708] _Life and Letters_, I, 158-59.

[709] Oliver’s _Hamilton_, 292-94.

[710] _Familiar Letters_, 46.

[711] Justice Story, _Life and Letters_, I, 158.

[712] _Ibid._

[713] Anderson, _Giles_, 65-66.

[714] Maclay, 374.

[715] Anderson, _Giles_, 3.

[716] Anderson, _Giles_, 8.

[717] Benton, I, 682.

[718] Story, I, 158-59.

[719] _National Gazette_, January 9, 1793, from _Boston Argus_.

[720] _Ibid._, January 12, 1793.

[721] _National Gazette_, January 12, 1793, from _Boston Argus_.

[722] _Ibid._, January 16, 1793.

[723] _Annals_, January 23, 1793.

[724] Gibbs, I, 89.

[725] _Gazette of the United States_, March 9, 1793.

[726] _Centinel_, February 20, 1793.

[727] _Ibid._, February 16, 1793.

[728] _Gazette of the United States_, February 23, 1793.

[729] Paul Leicester Ford, _The Nation_, September 5, 1895.

[730] Hamilton.

[731] February 20, 1793.

[732] _National Gazette_, February 27, 1793.

[733] Of South Carolina.

[734] _Annals_, February 27, March 1, 1793.

[735] _Centinel_, March 13, 1793.

[736] _Gazette of the United States_, March 23, 1793.

[737] _Ibid._, March 20, 1793.

[738] _Centinel_, March 20, 1793.

[739] _Centinel_, March 21, 1793.

[740] Jefferson.

[741] _New York Daily Advertiser_, April 6, 1793.

[742] _National Gazette_, March 20, 1793; ‘Franklin.’

[743] _Ibid._, March 27, 1793.

[744] _Kentucky Gazette_, September 7, copied in _Independent Chronicle_, October 21, 1793.

[745] An original copy is in New York Public Library.

[746] _Centinel_, January 9, 1793.

[747] _National Gazette_, December 26, 1792.

[748] _Centinel_, January 26, 1793.

[749] _Ibid._, January 30, 1793.

[750] Hazen, 165-69.

[751] Maclay, December 10, 1790.

[752] _Ibid._, February 26, 1791; Brown, _Ellsworth_, 212.

[753] Adams, _Works_, IX, 563-64.

[754] _Ibid._, X, 12-13.

[755] _Works_ (to George Mason), III, 123-25; (to Edward Rutledge), VIII, 232-34.

[756] _Ibid._, 290-94.

[757] _Ibid._, IX, 6-8.

[758] _Gazette of the United States_, April 13, May 18, 1793.

[759] _Ibid._, April 17; _National Gazette_, April 20, 1793.

[760] _National Gazette_, April 10, 1793.

[761] _Centinel_, March 30, 1793.

[762] _Connecticut Gazette_, April 11, 1793.

[763] _Connecticut Gazette_, April 18, 1793.

[764] _National Gazette_, April 20, 1793.

[765] _Connecticut Gazette_, May 2, 1793.

[766] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), IX, 33-35.

[767] _Ibid._ (to unknown), IX, 44-46.

[768] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 576-77.

[769] King’s _Works_ (King to Hamilton), I, 439.

[770] _Anas_, I, 268.

[771] _Anas_, I, 268.

[772] Hamilton’s _Works_, IV, 371.

[773] _Ibid._, 372-73.

[774] _Ibid._, 373.

[775] _Ibid._, 374.

[776] Hamilton’s _Works_, IV, 385-86.

[777] _Ibid._, 396-408.

[778] Jefferson’s _Writings_, III, 226-43.

[779] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 960-68.

[780] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 580-83; 584.

[781] Morris, _Diary_, II, 26.

[782] McRee, _Iredell_ (to his wife), II, 386.

[783] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 75-78.

[784] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 578.

[785] _National Gazette_, April 27, 1793.

[786] _National Gazette_, April 27, 1793.

[787] _Ibid._, May 4, 1793.

[788] _Ibid._, May 15, 1793.

[789] Letter from Philadelphia ‘from a gentleman in the treasury department.’ _Connecticut Gazette_, June 27, 1793.

[790] Letter from Philadelphia woman to a friend in Alexandria; _Connecticut Gazette_, June 20, 1793.

[791] Biddle, _Autobiography_, 251.

[792] Graydon, _Memoirs_, 381.

[793] _National Gazette_, June I, 1793.

[794] _Centinel_, April 20, 1793.

[795] _National Gazette_, May 15, 1793.

[796] _Ibid._, June 5, 1793.

[797] _Gazette of the United States_, June 8, 1793.

[798] Myers, _Tammany Hall_, 9.

[799] Hazen, 249.

[800] _Centinel_, March 16, 1793.

[801] Gibbs, I, 87.

[802] _Ibid._

[803] _National Gazette_, July 17, 1793.

[804] _Gazette of the United States_, June 15, 1793.

[805] Thomas, _Reminiscences_, I, 32.

[806] _National Gazette_, April 13, 1793.

[807] Gibbs (Governor Wolcott to son), I, 179.

[808] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Monroe), IX, 144.

[809] _Ibid._ (to Monroe), IX, 75-78.

[810] Pinckney, _Life of Pinckney_, 109.

[811] _Gazette of the United States_, June 8, 1793.

[812] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 144-46.

[813] Hamilton’s _Works_, IV, 467.

[814] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 586; 588; 591; 593-94; letters to Jefferson.

[815] _Ibid._, I, 611-45.

[816] _National Gazette_, June 15, 1793.

[817] Adams.

[818] _National Gazette_, August 7, 1793.

[819] _New York Daily Advertiser_, July 13, 1793.

[820] _Independent Chronicle_, September 12, 1793.

[821] _Ibid._, November 11, 1793.

[822] _Ibid._

[823] Biddle, 253.

[824] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 211-15.

[825] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 211-15.

[826] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 595-96; 596-97.

[827] _Ibid._, I, 599; _Independent Chronicle_, October 10, 1793.

[828] _Independent Chronicle_, October 17, 1793.

[829] Madison’s _Writings_, I, 601.

[830] _Anas_, i, 305-08.

[831] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 180-209.

[832] Randall, II, 181.

[833] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 87-89; to Madison.

[834] _American Minerva_, December 21, 1793.

[835] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 117-21.

[836] _Anas_, I, 279.

[837] _Domestic Life_, 220.

[838] Gibbs, I, 122.

[839] _Gazette of the United States_, July 31, 1793.

[840] _Anas_, I, 311.

[841] _Anas_, I, 313.

[842] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, August 4, 1793.

[843] King’s _Works_, I, 492-93.

[844] August 10, 1793.

[845] Lodge, _Cabot_, 73.

[846] ‘A Democrat,’ August 19, 1793.

[847] ‘Brutus,’ August 26, 1793.

[848] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), IX, 227.

[849] Gibbs (Wolcott to Washington), I, 112.

[850] Hiltzheimer’s _Diary_, 195.

[851] McRee, _Iredell_ (a servant to Iredell), II, 401; King’s _Works_ (Wharton to King), I, 498.

[852] Biddle, 256.

[853] Pickering (to John Clark), III, 55-58; Gibbs (Wolcott to father), I, 110.

[854] Biddle, 256.

[855] Gibbs, I, 110.

[856] McRee, _Iredell_ (servant to Iredell), II, 401.

[857] _Ibid._, II, 400.

[858] Pickering (to Clark), III, 55-58.

[859] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, August 27, 1793.

[860] McRee, _Iredell_ (Duffield to Iredell), II, 400.

[861] Ames (to Minot), I, 130.

[862] Gibbs, I, 112; Pickering, III, 59.

[863] Hiltzheimer, 196.

[864] Biddle, 255.

[865] Ames (to Minot), I, 130.

[866] _Domestic Life_, 219.

[867] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), IX, 240; 253-54.

[868] _Domestic Life_, 226.

[869] _Ibid._, 226.

[870] Jefferson’s _Works_, III, 261-83.

[871] J. Q. Adams, _Works_ (letter to John Adams), I, 183-86.

[872] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 281.

[873] _Annals_, January 14, 1794.

[874] _Ibid._, January 15, 1794.

[875] _Annals_, January 23, 1794.

[876] _Ibid._

[877] _Ibid._, January 24, 1794.

[878] _Ibid._

[879] _Ibid._

[880] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 1-5.

[881] _Centinel_, February 19, 1794.

[882] _Ibid._, March 1, 1794.

[883] _Ibid._, February 23, 1794.

[884] Morison, _Otis_, I, 53.

[885] _Independent Chronicle_, March 3, 1794.

[886] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 1-5.

[887] _Ibid._, II, 5-6.

[888] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, March 27, 28, 1794.

[889] Ames, I, 137-38.

[890] Printed in London by John Stockdale, Piccadilly.

[891] Gibbs, I, 133.

[892] Ames, I, 137-38.

[893] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, February 1, 1794.

[894] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, March 24, 1794.

[895] _Annals_, February 28, 1794.

[896] _Ibid._, March 27, 1794.

[897] _Ibid._, April 21, 1794.

[898] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 11, 1794.

[899] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 7-8.

[900] Bond’s _Letters_, American Historical Association, _Report_, 1897, pp. 543-45.

[901] Bond’s _Letters_, American Historical Association, _Report_, 1897, p. 546.

[902] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 13, 1794.

[903] _Ibid._, April 14, 1794.

[904] _Ibid._, May 21, 1794.

[905] _Ibid._, April 5, 1794.

[906] _New York Journal_, March 22, 1794.

[907] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 9, 1794.

[908] _New York Journal_, May 3, 1794.

[909] _Ibid._, May 28, 1794.

[910] Ames (to Gore), I, 139.

[911] King’s _Works_ (from Alsop), I, 159.

[912] _Ibid._, I, 560.

[913] Bemis, 45.

[914] _Ibid._, 65.

[915] Bemis, 104.

[916] Bemis, 105, 106, 147, 154; _Intimate Life_, 289.

[917] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 7, 1794.

[918] King’s _Works_, I, 517.

[919] Hamilton’s _Works_, V, 114.

[920] _Familiar Letters_, 59.

[921] Pellew, 218.

[922] Bemis, 206-07.

[923] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 12.

[924] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 24, 1794.

[925] Adams, _Adams_, I, 472.

[926] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 19, 1794.

[927] _Ibid._, May 10, 1794.

[928] _Ibid._, June 26, 1794.

[929] _New York Journal_, November 5, 1794.

[930] _Gazette of the United States_, July 25, 1794.

[931] Hamilton’s _Works_, V, 115-19; draft of instructions, _ibid._, 121-23; letter to Jay, _ibid._, 123-28; Bemis, 210.

[932] Bemis, 212.

[933] _New York Journal_, May 14, 1794.

[934] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 14-15.

[935] Madison’s _Writings_ (to his father), II, 16.

[936] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 293-97.

[937] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, September 1, 1794.

[938] _Gazette of the United States_, October 21, 1794.

[939] Gibbs, I, 156.

[940] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, October 13, 1794.

[941] Philadelphia Democratic Society, _Gazette of the United States_, August 7, 1794; German Republican Club, Philadelphia, _ibid._, September 1, 1794; Democratic Society, Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina, _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, October 6, 1794; Democratic Society, Canaan, New York, _New York Journal_, September 4, 1794.

[942] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, September 10, 1794.

[943] September 13, 1794.

[944] _Gazette of the United States_, September 5, 1794.

[945] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, September 15, 1794.

[946] _Ibid._, September 24, 1794.

[947] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, August 20, 1794.

[948] Hamilton’s _Works_, VI, 420-21.

[949] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, November 10, 1794.

[950] _Ibid._, September 8, 1794.

[951] _Ibid._, November 6, 1794.

[952] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 18-19.

[953] Hamilton’s _Works_, VI, 457.

[954] _Ibid._, X, 77.

[955] Bond’s _Letters_, 558.

[956] Stevens, _Gallatin_, 90.

[957] _Gazette of the United States_ (letter from a soldier), October 16, 1794.

[958] Biddle’s _Autobiography_, 262.

[959] _Centinel_, October 25 and 29, 1794.

[960] _Ibid._, November 1, 1794.

[961] November 3, 1794.

[962] _Independent Chronicle_, November 6, 1794.

[963] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 29.

[964] _New York Journal_, December 10, 1794.

[965] Ames (to Dwight) I, 158.

[966] Dodd, _Macon_, 77.

[967] _Ibid._, 78-79.

[968] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 19-20.

[969] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 27; Goodwin, _Dolly Madison_, 26.

[970] Randall, II, 245; _Domestic Life_, 231.

[971] _Intimate Life_, 69.

[972] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, April 10, 1794.

[973] _Gazette of the United States_, November 1, 1794.

[974] _Ibid._

[975] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, May 7, 1794.

[976] _Ibid._, October 24, 1794.

[977] Professor Morse, in _The Federalist Party in Massachusetts_, makes this point.

[978] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 21-23.

[979] _Ibid._, 23-27.

[980] _Ibid._ (to Jefferson), 28-30.

[981] Washington’s phrase.

[982] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), IX, 293-97.

[983] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 78-79.

[984] _Annals_, November 25, 1794.

[985] _Annals_, November 25-27, 1794.

[986] January 24, 1794.

[987] _Gazette of the United States_, December 11, 1794.

[988] _Ibid._, October 14, 1794.

[989] _Gazette of the United States_, December 29, 1794.

[990] _Annals_, January 1, 1794.

[991] _Annals_, January 1, 1794.

[992] _Intimate Life_, 230.

[993] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 78.

[994] _Gazette of the United States_, February 9, 1795.

[995] _Philadelphia Daily Advertiser_, February 10, 1795.

[996] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 35.

[997] _Gazette of the United States_, February 18, 1795.

[998] _Ibid._, February 20, 1795.

[999] _Ibid._, February 22, 1795.

[1000] A favorite actor.

[1001] _New York Journal_, February 28 and March 4, 1795.

[1002] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 442.

[1003] _Intimate Life_, 205-06.

[1004] King’s _Works_, II, 5-6.

[1005] King’s _Works_, II, 7.

[1006] Beard, _Economic Origins_, 295; Bemis, 271.

[1007] Pinckney, _Life of Pinckney_, 123-24.

[1008] Bemis, 224.

[1009] _Ibid._, 225.

[1010] _Ibid._, 226-27.

[1011] _Ibid._, 246.

[1012] Bemis, 232-51.

[1013] _Ibid._, 261.

[1014] Bemis, 267, quotes a French scholar, R. Guyot, as describing the Jay Treaty as ‘almost equivalent to a treaty of alliance.’

[1015] Related by Talleyrand to Volney, who told it to Jefferson, _Anas_, 336-37. Senator Lodge, in his biography of Hamilton, accepts this characterization as not improbable.

[1016] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 313-14.

[1017] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 98-99.

[1018] _Ibid._, X, 101-02.

[1019] See Beard’s illuminating chapter on the economics of the treaty. _Economic Origins_, 268-98.

[1020] King’s _Works_, II, 14; Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 109.

[1021] Wolcott’s phrase in letter to Mrs. Wolcott, Gibbs, I, 199.

[1022] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 107.

[1023] _Aurora_, June 16, 1795.

[1024] _Ibid._, June 18, 1795.

[1025] _Ibid._, June 20, 1795.

[1026] _Ibid._, June 26, 1795.

[1027] _Aurora_, July 3, 1795.

[1028] _Argus_, July 15, 1795.

[1029] Gibbs (Wolcott to Mrs. Wolcott), I, 209; _Philadelphia: the Place and People_, 310; Hiltzheimer, 215; _New York Argus_, July 8, 1795; _Charleston City Gazette_, August 22, 1795.

[1030] _Aurora_, July 7, 1795.

[1031] Gibbs, I, 217. Rowan was a patriot, tried by a packed jury, and defended by John Philpot Curran in his classic defense of the freedom of the press. He was convicted, escaped, and came to this country.

[1032] Gibbs, I, 217.

[1033] Pickering, III, 183.

[1034] _Aurora_, July 10, 1795.

[1035] July 6, 1795.

[1036] July 23, 1795.

[1037] Beard, _Economic Origins_, 290; Alexander, 79; _Argus_, July 6, 20, 21, 23; _Aurora_, July 10, 22, 23, 1795.

[1038] Gibbs (to Wolcott), I, 218.

[1039] Ames (to Dwight), I, 173-75.

[1040] _Argus_, August 13, 1795.

[1041] _Centinel_, July 15, 1795.

[1042] Pickering, III, 177.

[1043] King’s _Works_, II, 18-20.

[1044] Lodge, _Cabot_, 84.

[1045] Pellew, 282.

[1046] _Federalist Party in Massachusetts_, 154-55.

[1047] _Ibid._

[1048] Gibbs, I, 229.

[1049] August 15, 1795.

[1050] Lodge, _Cabot_, 84.

[1051] _Aurora_, July 29, 1795.

[1052] _Charleston City Gazette_, August 1, 1795.

[1053] Thomas, _Reminiscences_, I, 35.

[1054] _Independent Chronicle_, August 17, 1795.

[1055] August 26, 1795.

[1056] Article IX.

[1057] Giles, 42.

[1058] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 450.

[1059] _Ibid._, II, 459.

[1060] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 43.

[1061] Giles, 38.

[1062] Henry, _Henry_, II, 568-71; letter to Mrs. Aylett.

[1063] _Argus_, July 30, 1795; _Gazette of the United States_, August 14, 1795.

[1064] _Argus_, July 24, 1795.

[1065] _New Hampshire Gazette_, July 21, 1795.

[1066] _Spooner’s Vermont Journal_, September 11, 1795.

[1067] Gibbs, I, 215.

[1068] _Independent Chronicle_, August 13 and 27, 1795.

[1069] _Ibid._, September 3, 1795.

[1070] _Argus_, July 15, 1795.

[1071] _Aurora_, July 13, 1795.

[1072] _Argus_, August 14, 1795.

[1073] _Ibid._, August 8, 1795.

[1074] Gibbs, I, 249.

[1075] Steiner, 194-95.

[1076] Weld, I, 102-03.

[1077] Liancourt, II, 79.

[1078] _Argus_, July 16, 1795.

[1079] September 3, 1795.

[1080] Gibbs, I, 219-20.

[1081] Pickering, III, 185.

[1082] King’s _Works_, II, 20-21.

[1083] Brown, _Ellsworth_, 219-20.

[1084] Hiltzheimer, 215.

[1085] For Randolph incident, Pickering, III, 213-14 and 216-19; Lodge, _Cabot_, 91-94.

[1086] Pickering, III, 196.

[1087] _Ibid._, 197.

[1088] King’s _Works_, II, 24.

[1089] August 14.

[1090] Brown, _Ellsworth_, 220-21.

[1091] Pickering, III, 199.

[1092] _Aurora_, August 21, 1795.

[1093] _Ibid._, August 22, 1795.

[1094] Gibbs, I, 222.

[1095] King’s story.

[1096] _Aurora_, November 17, 1795.

[1097] Pickering, III, 231-39.

[1098] _Ibid._, III, 239.

[1099] _Argus_, August 15, 1795.

[1100] _Ibid._, August 27, 1795.

[1101] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 113-14.

[1102] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 309-11.

[1103] McRee, _Iredell_, II, 459.

[1104] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Giles), IX, 314-18.

[1105] Adams, _Gallatin_, 152.

[1106] Gibbs (to Goodrich), I, 303.

[1107] The second phase of his remarkable career is treated in the author’s _Party Battles of the Jackson Period_.

[1108] Adams, _Gallatin_, 17.

[1109] Adams, _Gallatin_, 80.

[1110] _Ibid._, 81.

[1111] _Ibid._, 103-04.

[1112] _Ibid._, 111.

[1113] _Ibid._, 113.

[1114] Adams, _Gallatin_, 88; _Writings_, I, 3-4.

[1115] _Annals_, April 27, 1796.

[1116] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 328-29; to Monroe.

[1117] Judge Jonathan Elmer, Cumberland, New Jersey, _Gazette of the United States_, March 12, 1796.

[1118] _Gazette of the United States_, March 26, 1796.

[1119] Melville, _Cobbett_, I, 101-02.

[1120] _Annals_, March 11, 1796.

[1121] _Familiar Letters_, 108; Twining, _Travels_, 51-52.

[1122] _Aurora_, March 28, 1796.

[1123] Hamilton’s _Works_ (to Wolcott), X, 145.

[1124] _Ibid._, 145-46.

[1125] _Ibid._, 151.

[1126] _Ibid._, 152.

[1127] _Ibid._, 152-54.

[1128] _Annals_, March 30, 1796.

[1129] _Annals_, April 6, 1796. The vote was 57 to 36.

[1130] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 330-31.

[1131] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 89-91.

[1132] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 157.

[1133] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 160.

[1134] _Ibid._, 161.

[1135] _Ibid._, 161-62.

[1136] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 95.

[1137] _Ibid._, 98.

[1138] Morison, _Otis_, I, 56-57.

[1139] April 21, 1796.

[1140] Gibbs, I, 327.

[1141] _Ibid._, 325-26.

[1142] _Ibid._ (Wolcott to his father), I, 331.

[1143] Thomas, _Reminiscences_, 53.

[1144] Kirkland, _Life of Ames_; Thomas, _Reminiscences; Familiar Letters_, 24-25.

[1145] Ames (to Dwight), I, 173-75.

[1146] Ames (to Dwight), I, 175-76.

[1147] _Ibid._, 177.

[1148] _Ibid._, 180-81.

[1149] _Ibid._, 183-84.

[1150] _Ibid._ (to Jeremiah Smith), 184-85.

[1151] _Aurora_, February 2, 1796.

[1152] _Ibid._, February 8, 1796.

[1153] Ames (to Dwight).

[1154] _Ibid._ (to Minor), I, 190-91.

[1155] Ames, I, 199-200, note.

[1156] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 100-01.

[1157] _Ibid._, 103-05.

[1158] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 330-31.

[1159] Randall, II, 273.

[1160] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 335-37.

[1161] _Ibid._, 339-43.

[1162] _Ibid._ (letter to Williams), 346-48.

[1163] Jefferson’s _Works_ (Mazzei letter), IX, 335-37.

[1164] Beveridge, _Marshall_, II, 156.

[1165] King’s _Works_, II, 46.

[1166] Henry, _Henry_, II, 515.

[1167] Beveridge, II, 157.

[1168] King’s _Works_, II, 48; Beveridge, II, 158.

[1169] Hamilton’s _Works_, X, 163; King’s _Works_, II, 47.

[1170] King’s _Works_ (to Hamilton), II, 46.

[1171] _Gazette of the United States_, November 3, 1796.

[1172] _Aurora_, September 1, 1796.

[1173] Gibbs, I, 332; (Wolcott to his father), I, 350-52.

[1174] _Ibid._ (Wolcott to his wife), I, 209.

[1175] Hamilton’s _Works_ (to Washington), X, 198-200; 200-01.

[1176] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 103-05.

[1177] Steiner, _McHenry_, 203.

[1178] _Aurora_, November 24, 1796.

[1179] _Ibid._, December 27, 1796.

[1180] Gibbs, II, 386-88.

[1181] _Ibid._, I, 408-09.

[1182] _Ibid._, I, 400-03.

[1183] Gibbs, I, 411-13.

[1184] Ames (to Dwight), I, 208.

[1185] King’s _Works_, II, 148.

[1186] Madison’s _Writings_, II, 108.

[1187] Jefferson’s _Works_, IX, 352-55.

[1188] _Ibid._, 355-57.

[1189] _Ibid._, 355-57.

[1190] _Ibid._, 367-69.

[1191] _Aurora_, March 6, 1797.

[1192] Gibbs, II, 213.

[1193] Twining, 38.

[1194] Maclay, 30.

[1195] Twining, 37.

[1196] Twining, 37.

[1197] _Familiar Letters_, 116.

[1198] Maclay, 44.

[1199] _Diary_, II, 25.

[1200] Twining, 37.

[1201] Maclay, 14.

[1202] _Ibid._, 30.

[1203] _Ibid._, 206.

[1204] _Ibid._, 145, 206.

[1205] _Diary_, II, 57.

[1206] _Ibid._, 25.

[1207] Gibbs, I, 455-57; Wolcott, Sr.

[1208] Hamilton’s _Works_, VII, 734.

[1209] Morse, 242.

[1210] Maclay, 86.

[1211] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), VI, 63-67.

[1212] Lodge, _Cabot_, 65.

[1213] Liancourt, II, 124.

[1214] Madison’s _Writings_ (to Jefferson), II, 111.

[1215] Gibbs, I, 468.

[1216] _Ibid._, II, 215.

[1217] _Ibid._ (McHenry to Wolcott), 395.

[1218] Steiner, 477.

[1219] _Diary_, III, 392.

[1220] _Ibid._, III, 393.

[1221] Adams, _Works_ (to James Lovell), VIII, 493-94.

[1222] _Autobiography_, II, 438.

[1223] Adams, _Works_, IV, 420.

[1224] _Ibid._, VI, 462.

[1225] Morse, 247.

[1226] Maclay, May 28, 1789.

[1227] Written by Samuel Adams.

[1228] _Autobiography_, II, 310.

[1229] _Ibid._, 508.

[1230] Adams, _Adams_, I, 404.

[1231] Adams, _Works_, VI, 484.

[1232] _Autobiography_, II, 210.

[1233] _Ibid._, 214.

[1234] _Ibid._, 215.

[1235] _Ibid._, 232, 311.

[1236] Jefferson’s tribute.

[1237] Morse, 59.

[1238] _Ibid._, 60.

[1239] _Ibid._, 61.

[1240] Hamilton’s _Works_ (to John Steele), V, 25.

[1241] Jefferson’s _Works_ (to Madison), VI, 63-71.

[1242] Hamilton’s _Works_, VII, 314.

[1243] Gibbs, I, 475-77.

[1244] Steiner, 569.

[1245] _Autobiography_, II, 230-32.

[1246] Adams, _Adams_, I, 446.

[1247] _Diary_, II, 62.

[1248] Vol. II, 145.

[1249] Morse, 79.

[1250] _Diary_, II, 179.

[1251] _Ibid._, 381.

[1252] Lodge, _Studies in History_, 201.

[1253] Pickering, IV, 386, 391.

[1254] Pickering, II, 156.

[1255] _Ibid._, III, 170.

[1256] _Ibid._, III, 171.

[1257] Louis Philippe; Pickering, III, 284-85.

[1258] Pickering, I, 215.

[1259] _Ibid._, 351.

[1260] _Studies in History_, 219.

[1261] Pickering, I, 5.

[1262] _Ibid._, I, 23-30.

[1263] Pickering, II, 381-90.

[1264] _Ibid._, I, 14.

[1265] _Ibid._, II, 66.

[1266] Lodge, _Studies in History_, 221.

[1267] Pickering, II, 71.

[1268] _Ibid._, II, 74.

[1269] _Ibid._, 78.

[1270] _Ibid._, 80.

[1271] _Ibid._, 81-85.

[1272] Pickering, I, 483-84.

[1273] _Ibid._, 487.

[1274] _Ibid._, II, 442 and 445.

[1275] _Ibid._, 451.

[1276] _Ibid._, 452.

[1277] _Ibid._, 488.

[1278] Gibbs, I, 18.

[1279] _Ibid._, 21.

[1280] _Ibid._, 20; Wadsworth to Wolcott.

[1281] Noah Webster’s impression, Gibbs, II, 11.