Chapter I: Front Matter

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JOURNAL OF A CAVALRY OFFICER;

Including the Memorable Sikh Campaign of 1845-1846.

by

W.W.W. HUMBLEY, M.A.

Trinity College, Cambridge; Fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society; Captain, 9th Queen's Royal Lancers.

London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.

1854.

London: Printed by Wertheimer and Co. Finsbury Circus.

TO

LORD STANLEY, M.P.

THIS VOLUME

IS

BY PERMISSION DEDICATED

AS A

SMALL TOKEN OF ADMIRATION AND REGARD,

BY HIS

FRIEND AND SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION. 1

CHAPTER I.

Voyage to India--Advantages of Sailing with Troops on
Board--Regulations at Sea--March from Cawnpore to
Meerut--Return from Nougawa Ghât to Meerut--March
to Ferozepore--Cantonments at Kurnaul--Colonel
Campbell's Force--Number of Cattle required
on a March--Sunday--Rev. W.J. Whiting, M.A.--Distribution
of Prize-Money--Advanced Guard--Governor-General--Major
Broadfoot and Captain
Nicolson--Suspicions of the Sikhs--Sir David Ochterlony--The
Sikh Army--The Battle of Moodkee--Tej
Singh. 18

CHAPTER II.

Colonel Campbell's Advance--Provisions required--Camp
Followers--Samana--The Doabs--Gooroo Govind--The
Akalees, their Quoits--Sikhs attack Ahmed Shah--Maha
Singh--Maharattas--General Thomas--Runjeet
Singh--Holcar--Sir Charles Metcalfe--Ochterlony's
Proclamation--The Akalees routed--Generals Allard
and Ventura--Treaty with Runjeet--Runjeet's Army--Runjeet's
Death--Shere Singh Murdered--Dhuleep
Singh--Ajean Khan--Battle of Moodkee. 46

CHAPTER III.

Nidampore--Christmas-day--Munsorepore--Kotla Mullair--Phurawallee
--Bussean--Surrender of Wudnee--Cession of Ferozepore--Bhaga
Poorana--False Alarms--Roree Bukkur--Sir John Littler--Sir H.M.
Wheeler--Ferozeshah--Aliwal--Sikh Forces--British Forces--Sikh
Entrenchment--Returns of Killed and Wounded--Sir H. Hardinge--Battle
of Ferozeshah--Sudden Attack by Tej Singh--His Blunder--Appearance
of a Field of Battle--Fate of the Wounded. 83

CHAPTER IV.

Return to Bussean--Sir John Grey's Detachment--Battle of
Assaye--Sindiah's Troops--Generals Allard and Ventura--General
Lloyd's Observations on the Art of War--Tactics of the
Sikhs--Runjeet Singh's Discipline--Sikh Artillery--Goojerat
--Moodkee--Sir Joseph Thackwell--Bootawalla--Pontoons--Their
Value to an Army--Great Rise in the Price of Food. 109

CHAPTER V.

Hurrekee Ghât--Chain Bridles--Sir Thomas Dallas--Victory
of Sir Harry Smith at Aliwal--Umballa--Preparations
of the Sikhs--Capture of Dhurmkote--Loodianna--Runjoor
Singh--Buddiwal--Sirdar Ajeet Singh--Invalids at Loodianna--The
Pattiala Rajah--Alarm at Loodianna--Siege-train in Danger--Convoy
inadequately protected--Sikh Artillery at Aliwal--Major
Lawrenson--Singular Formation of the Sikh Infantry at Aliwal--16th
Lancers--Desperation of the Sikhs--Colonel Cureton--Charge of
Lancers--Marshal Marmont's Opinion--Sikhs evacuate Buddiwal--Rapid
Movements of the Sikhs--Brigadiers Godby and Hicks. 131

CHAPTER VI.

Richard Bond, the Messman--Sikh Grass-cutters--Choice
of Camps--General Lloyd's Opinions--Lieut.-Colonel
Irvine and Sir H. Maddock--Position at Sobraon--Brigadier
E. Smith's Plan--Colonel Irvine's Plan--Goolab
Singh's Policy--Sir Robert Dick's Division--Major-General
Gilbert's Division--Sir Harry Smith's Division--Brigadier A.
Campbell--Sir Joseph Thackwell--Brigadier Scott--British
Batteries--Rockets--Sikh Batteries--Assault on the Sikh
Entrenchments--Brigadier Stacey--Captain Cunningham's Account--The
10th Foot--Lieut.-Colonel Franks--Sikh Entrenchments stormed--Sirdar
Sham Singh destroys the Pontoon--Sikh Retreat cut off--Great Loss of
the Sikhs--Peace Principles inapplicable to India--Sikhs driven
across the Sutlej--Tej Singh. 151

CHAPTER VII.

The Advanced-guard cross the Sutlej--Burial of Sir Robert
Dick--Bridge of Boats--Kussoor--Surrender of the Sikhs--Dhuleep
Singh--Lulleanee--Lahore--Runjeet Singh's Monument--The Summer
Palace--The Governor-General's Address. 181

CHAPTER VIII.

Review of the Army--Eastern Mode of Adoption--Cashmere
assigned to Goolab Singh--Defeat of Affghan Cavalry--Major
John Cameron Campbell--Security of the North-west Frontier--Fertility
of the Punjaub--Infantry introduced into the East--Hyder Ali's
Notion of English Power--Runjeet's Craftiness--Improvement in
the Punjaub--Dhuleep Singh professes Christianity--Dr. Login--Dhuleep
Singh baptized by the Rev. W.J. Jay--Dhuleep Singh's Sincerity. 197

CHAPTER IX.

The Army of the Sutlej broken up--Set out on a Tour--Dhool
--Ferozepore--Grandeur of the Himalayas--Misri-Wala--Ferozeshah
--Moodkee--Bhaga Poorana--Bussean--Phurewallee--Kotla Mullair
--Munsorepore--Samana--Goelah--The River Cuggur--Pehoah--Khol
--Kurnaul--Military Stations--Transport of Artillery--Ali
Merdan's Canal--English Church--Malaria--Sir David
Ochterlony--Gurounda--Minarets--Somalka--Paniput--Battles
of Paniput--Baber--Ibrahim Lodi--Ahmed Shah--Defeat of the
Maharattas--Nadir Shah--Capture of Delhi--Mahomed Shah--Troops
engaged--Native Armies--Sunput--Change in the Weather. 218

CHAPTER X.

Delhi--Mahmood of Ghuznee--Shah Jehan--Gates of Delhi--Mosques--The
Palace--Hall of Audience--Chapel of Aurungzebe--The Gardens--The
Jumma Musjeed--Khoonee Durwaza--Protestant Church--The
Observatory--Tomb of Zufder Jung--The Cootub Minar--Allah-ud-Deen
--Gheias-ud-Deen--Mahomed Togluk--Humayoon--Nizam-ud-Deen--The
Cantonments--Mahomedan College--Delhi--Produce of Delhi--Shah
Allum II.--Lord Lake--Monsieur Louis Bourgion--Sir David
Ochterlony--Holcar.--Lieut.-Colonel W. Burn--Mr. E. Thornton
--Allahabad--Marquis Wellesley--Defence of Delhi--Mahomedan
Population--Colonel Ochterlony's good Generalship. 260

CHAPTER XI.

Ghazenuggur--Secundra--Allyghur--The Fort--The Church--Monuments--The
Gaol--Akbarabad---Meerun-ke-Serai--Kanoge--Tombs--Ancient
Coins--Language of Kanoge--Supposed Site of Palibothra--Population of
Benares--Streets of Benares--Singers and Musicians--Productions
of Kanoge--Poorah--Cawnpore--Court Etiquette at Lucknow--Nawab of
Oude--His Regal Rank--Military Depôt at Cawnpore--Saddlery--Sirsole
--Dâk Bungalows--Arapore--Lohunga--Allahabad. 281

CHAPTER XII.

Allahabad--Pilgrimages--The River Jumna--Hurdwar--Akbar--Allum
II.--Fortifications--Inscriptions on Column--Military Depôt
--Lieut.-Colonel A. Abbott, C.B.--Colonel Kyd discovers a
Cave--Ancient Palibothra--Arrian's Account--Megasthenes--Dr.
Adams--Heeren--Chundragupta--Patna--The Sacred Rivers--Bhaugulpore
--The Mandara Hill--The Chundun--Palibothra--Rajmahal--Antiquity
of Kanoge--Allahabad--Extent of Asiatic Cities--Mahomedan
Invasion--Extent of Hindoostan. 300

CHAPTER XIII.

Steamers on the Ganges--Native Pilots--Course of the
River--Mr. Sims proposes Shields to the Banks--Shoals--Tributary
Streams--Rapids--The Jumna--Mirzapore--Benares--Trimbuckjee
Danglia--Chunar--Sultanpore. 333

CHAPTER XIV.

Benares--Bathing in the Ganges--Water-carrying by Women--Extent
and Population of Benares--Attempted Tax--Mosque of
Aurungzebe--Observatory of Rajah Jey Singh--Bazaars--Jewellery
--Cultivation of Sugar--Secrole--Murder of Mr. Cherry--State
Prisoners--The Maharannee of Lahore. 353

CHAPTER XV.

Ghazepore--The Opium Trade--Marquis Cornwallis's
Mausoleum--Sand-banks--Buxar--Cossim Ali Khan--Sir
Hector Munro--Battle of Buxar--Nawab of Oude--Emperor
of Delhi--Revelgunge--The Sonus--The Ganges and Jumna--The
Indus--The Berhampooter--Arrian--Dr. Alexander
Adam--Dinapore--Captain Strachan--Bankipore--H.M. 16th
Lancers--Deegah--Grain Golah--Earl of Munster--Patna--Buildings
of Patna--Population of Benares--Magistrates--E.I. Company's
Charter--Products of Patna--Walter Reinhard--Snowy
Mountains--Tirhoot--Juggernauth--Gyah Proper--Cave of Nugur-jenee--Sir
Charles Wilkins--Futwa--Phoolbarea--Bar--Beggars. 373

CHAPTER XVI.

Monghyr--Wells of Seetacoond--The Fort of Monghyr--Storms
on the Ganges--Cossim Ali Khan--Monghyr
the Birmingham of India--Employment of Women--The
Gaol--A Sacred Bathing-place--Bhaugulpore--Its
Population--Hill Rangers--The Bheels--Mr. Cleveland--Lieut.-Colonel
Tod--Colonel Francklin--Colgong--The
Jungheera Rocks--The Fakeers--The Rajmahal
Hills--Sickreegullee--Boatmen of the Ganges--Rajmahal--Ruins
of Gour--The Bhauguretty--Soottee--The
Sunderbunds--Bogwangola--Jungepore. 402

CHAPTER XVII.

Moorshedabad--Cossimbazar--"Eina Mahal"--The Nawab
Cowar Krishnath Roy--"Snake-boats"--Population of
Moorshedabad--Berhampore--Ivory and Silk Manufactures--Kulna--The
Tidal-bore--English Factory at Kulna--Hoogly--Chinsurah
--Chandernagore--Ishapore--Barrackpore--Serampore--Dum-Dum
--Garden Reach--Calcutta. 430