Chapter X: Part 10

In 1853, Shea’s valuable “Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi” was brought out at New York.[132] The contents of this work have been perhaps sufficiently indicated in the notices of contemporary journals, which are reproduced in it. In 1860 Thomassy published “Géologie pratique de la Louisiane,” in which he presented some important inedited documents. This writer contemplated writing a history of La Salle’s exploits from the MSS. in the French archives, and, as a preliminary, issued in separate form the documents which he had collected, under the title, “De La Salle et ses relations inédites,” Paris, 1860. In 1869 Parkman published the first edition of his “Discovery of the Great West,” forming the third volume of the series of historical narratives upon “France and England in North America.” In the latest edition, published in 1879, the title was changed to “La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West.” In the writing of the later edition the author had the use of additional documentary material, since printed by Margry, which caused a revision of some portion of the work. Gravier’s “Découvertes [etc.] de La Salle,” Paris, 1870, and the supplementary monograph published by him in 1871, add little that is not in Parkman’s work. The later publication corrects some errors and deficiencies in the first. Dr. Shea’s contributions to the history of the first explorations of the West, beside his “Discovery of the Mississippi,” New York, 1853, consist mainly of notes to the many important original narratives which he has edited, notably those of Hennepin, Le Clercq, and Charlevoix.

The following works contain among the first travellers, accounts of the country traversed by Marquette, Hennepin, and La Salle:

La Hontan, who travelled in 1689 and subsequent years, wrote “Nouveaux Voyages,” Paris, 1703. This work passed through several editions. Although adventures related by La Hontan are in many cases imaginary, yet, says Parkman, he “had seen much, and portions of his story have a substantial value.” J. Gravier, in 1700, went from the Illinois country to D’Iberville’s colony in Louisiana. See “Relation de Voyage en 1700 depuis le Ilinois jusqu’à l’embouchure du Mississipi,” New York, 1859 (_Shea’s Cramoisy Press_). The “Relation de la Mississipi en 1700, par MM. de Montigny, De St. Cosme et Thaumur de la Source,” New York, 1861 (_Shea’s Cramoisy Press_), narrates the experiences of a party of the missionaries under the guidance of Tonty. An extract from Gravier is given in French’s Historical Collections, second series, pp. 79–93. St. Cosme’s and Gravier’s narratives are also included in Shea’s collection of “Early Voyages up and down the Mississippi,” Albany, 1861, where also may be found Le Seuer’s journal of a voyage from Louisiana to the Sioux country in 1699–1700. An extract from Le Seuer is given in La Harpe’s “Journal Historique,” Paris, 1831, and in French’s Historical Collections, pt. 3. A journal by Pénicaut, who accompanied Le Seuer, is included in his “Annals of Louisiana, from 1698 to 1722,” in French’s Historical Collections, new series, pp. 33–162, New York, 1869. The memoirs of D’Iberville’s expedition to the Mississippi, in 1699–1700, contain descriptions of the lower Mississippi and throw light upon La Salle’s movements in that region. The principal documents concerning D’Iberville’s enterprises are printed in the fourth volume of Margry. A brief report by D’Iberville of his voyage on the Mississippi in 1699, is printed in French’s Historical Collection, second series, pp. 19–31. An anonymous narrative entitled, “Historical Journal; or, Narrative of the Expedition under D’Iberville, to explore the Colbert (Mississippi) River, 1698–99,” is published in French’s Historical Collection, second series, pp. 29–119. Both of these papers are included in Margry’s collection, volume iv. Sauvole was a member of D’Iberville’s company; see his “Journal Historique” in French’s Historical Collections, pt. 3, pp. 223–240.

Father Marest’s letter on his mission at the Illinois, dated 1712, published in the “Lettres édifiantes,” vol. ii., and reprinted in Kip’s “Early Jesuit Missions,” pp. 191–227, New York, 1846, describes the scenes of his labors.

In 1721, Charlevoix, the historian, made a journey from Canada across the lakes to the Illinois, and thence down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He was requested by the King of France, to write an account of his travels. The descriptions of the country published in vol. iii. of his “Histoire et Description générale de la Nouvelle France,” Paris, 1744, afford perhaps the best views of the primitive West which we have.

The English editions of his travels are entitled “Journal of a Voyage to North America,” London, 1761, and “Letters to the Duchess of Lesdiguières,” London, 1763. See also French’s Historical Collection, pt. 3, pp. 119–196, where his journal is reprinted from the English editions.

On reaching the subject of _Maps_, we find that Harrisse’s Notes sur-la Nouvelle France contains a section upon the “Cartographie de la Nouvelle France, depuis la découverte jusqu’en 1700,” which affords an extensive list of published and inedited maps.

Parkman gives a descriptive account of “Early unpublished maps of the Mississippi and the great lakes,” in the appendix to his “Discovery of the Great West.” Thomassy’s “Géol. pr. de la Louisiane,” has an appendix upon the “Cartographie de la ancienne Louisiane, 1544–1858.” Baldwin’s “Early maps of Ohio and the West,” Cleveland, 1875, and Peet’s article, “The discovery of the Ohio, Early maps,” in Amer. Antiquarian, vol. I., pp. 21–35, Cleveland, 1878, are useful studies of some early maps in the possession of Western historical societies. Hurlbut’s “Chicago Antiquities,” Chicago, 1881, contains a chapter upon the first maps representing that place.

The following printed works contain some of the more important edited maps, bearing date in the original previous to 1700: Champlain’s “Voyages,” Paris, 1632, is accompanied by a map upon which Lake Superior is shown, and a “grande rivière qui vient du midy” is represented as flowing into the lake from the south. This map, which is reproduced in the later editions of Champlain, is of little value in a geographical sense for the western country. A map of “Nouvelle France,” showing the great lakes, is in Sanson d’Abbeville’s “L’Amérique en plusieurs cartes,” Paris, 1656. Du Creux’s “Historia Canadensis.” Parisiis, 1664, contains a map dated 1660, which shows the outlines of the great lakes. Bressani’s “Relation abrégée de quelques missions dans la Nouvelle France,” Montreal, 1852, contains a reproduction. Dollier and Gallinée’s map of 1670, showing their course in travelling to Ste. Marie, is reproduced in Faillon’s Historic de la col. fr., vol. iii., p. 305 (see Parkman’s La Salle, p. 449, for description); Claude Dablon’s “Relation de la Nouvelle France, 1670–1671,” Paris, 1672, contains a map made about 1670 (see Parkman, p. 450); a reproduction is published in Foster and Whitney’s “Report on the Geology of Lake Superior,” Washington, 1850; Marquette’s map of 1674 accompanies the various editions of his narrative. The map in Thevenot’s “Recueil” is by Liebaux, and not by Marquette. Gravier’s “Étude sur une carte inconnue” contains a fac-simile of a map by Joliet, probably in 1674. This map is the first published map showing the great lakes in connection with the Mississippi.

Shea’s edition of Dablon’s “Relation de la Nouvelle France, 1673 à 1679,” New York, 1860, has a reproduction of a map made by the Jesuits in 1673, showing the missions upon Lake Michigan. Hennepin’s “Description de la Louisiane,” Paris, 1683, contains a map made upon data by Hennepin. The later editions of this work are also accompanied by a map. Parkman gives a reproduction of the portion of Franqulin’s famous map, which shows La Salle’s colony on the Illinois, and that portion showing the lower part of the Mississippi is reproduced in Thomassy’s “Géologie de la Louisiane.” A map made by Minet, the engineer of La Salle’s last expedition, which gives two separate views of the mouth of the Mississippi, is given in a reduced size in Gravier’s “La Salle,” and in Thomassy’s “Géologie de la Louisiane.” Le Clercq’s “Premier établissement de la foy,” Paris, 1691; Hennepin’s “Nouvelle découverte,” and “Nouveau Voyage;” La Hontan’s “Nouveaux Voyages dans l’Amérique,” La Haye, 1703; Coxe’s “Description of Carolana,” London, 1742, and Charlevoix’s “Histoire de la Nouvelle France,” Paris, 1744, are accompanied by maps made nearly contemporaneously with the publication of the works in question. A facsimile De Lisle’s map of 1700, which indicates the course of the early explorers, is in Gravier’s “La Salle” and in French’s Collections, pt. 2. A map by Joutel, dated 1713, accompanies the printed editions of his journal. Margry’s “Découvertes et établissements des Français,” when completed, will include a volume devoted to maps now inedited. The third volume of this collection contains an outline sketch, representing La Salle’s discoveries. A modern map, representing countries traversed by Marquette, Hennepin, and La Salle, is given in Parkman’s “La Salle.”

We next give a list of publications which treat of the explorations of the Mississippi valley, arranged in chronological order. Works which have been cited under different headings of this article are, in most cases, not included in this enumeration.

La Hontan, “Nouveaux voyages dans l’Amérique Septentrionale,” Paris, 1703. This work passed through several editions. Bacqueville de la Potherie, “Histoire de l’Amérique Septentrionale,” Paris, 1722. Editions were also published in 1723 and 1753. Has some account of La Salle’s travels in 1682. Barcia, “Ensayo cronologico para la Historia General de Florida,” Madrid, 1723. The author relied upon the memoirs of Marquette, Joutel, and Tonty for the portion of his work relating to the French explorations. Lafitau, “Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquains,” Paris, 1724. Coxe, “Description of the English province of Carolana, by the Spaniards called Florida; by the French, La Louisiane,” London, 1742. The author disparages the French discoveries, and urges the English right to the country. Dumont, “Mémoire sur la Louisiane, contenant ce qui y est arrivé de plus rémarquable depuis 1687 jusqu’à present,” Paris, 1753, 2 vols. Bellin, “Remarques sur la carte de l’Amérique Septentrionale, comprise entre le 28e et le 72e degré de latitude,” Paris, 1755, gives some account of La Salle’s establishments. Le Page du Pratz, “Histoire de la Louisiane,” Paris, 1758, 3 vols.; English translations were published in 1763 and 1774. Gayarré “Essai historique sur la Louisiane,” Nouvelle Orléans, 1830, 2 vols.; La Harpe, “Journal historique de l’établissement des Français à la Louisiane,” Paris, 1831. This work is reproduced in French’s Historical Collections, vol. iii. Conover, “Oration on the History of the First Discovery and Settlement of the New World, with especial reference to the Mississippi Valley,” Cincinnati, 1835. Perkins, “Early French Travellers in the West,” in _North American Review_, vol. xlviii., pp. 63–108. A review of Spark’s “La Salle” and “Marquette.” Colt, “The Devil’s Hole, with an account of a visit made to it by La Salle,” Lockport, N. Y., 44 pp., the third edition appeared in 1851. Gayarré, “Histoire de la Louisiane,” Nouvelle Orléans, 1846–47. Guérin, “Les navigateurs Français,” Paris, 1846. Bradford, “Notes on the Northwest,” New York, 1846. Kip, “Early Jesuit Missions in North America,” New York, 1846, contains letters by missionaries giving descriptions of the newly discovered country. Monette, “History of the Discovery and Settlement of the Mississippi,” New York, 1846. Gayarré, “Romance of the History of Louisiana,” New York, 1848. Foster and Whitney, “Report on the Geology and Topography of a Portion of the Lake Superior Land District,” Washington, 1850–51, 2 vols., contains an account of the first Jesuit missions on Lake Superior. Gayarré, “Louisiana: its Colonial History,” New York, 1851, and “Louisiana and its History as a French Colony,” New York, 1852. Hart, “History of the Discovery of the Valley of the Mississippi,” St. Louis, 1852; “History of the Valley of the Mississippi,” New York, 1853. Gayarré, “History of Louisiana,” New York, 1854. W. R. Smith, “History of Wisconsin,” Madison, 1854; only volumes one and three were published of this valuable work; volume three contains translations of the Jesuit relations, which describe the operations of the Jesuits in Wisconsin territory. Shea, “History of the Catholic Missions among the Indian Tribes of the United States, 1529–1854,” New York, 1855. E. D. Neill, “Materials for the future History of Minnesota,” St. Paul, 1856, also in the “Annals of Minnesota,” 1856, and reprinted in Minnesota Historical Society Collection, vol. i. Law, “Jesuit Missions in the Northwest,” in the Wisconsin Historical Society Collections, vol. iii., pp. 89–111, 118–121, Madison, 1857. The author of this article makes the erroneous statement that missionaries had reached the Mississippi several years before Marquette’s visit. Shea disproves this in an article entitled “Justice to Marquette,” in pp. 111–117 of the same volume of the Wisconsin collections. Shea, “Indian Tribes of Wisconsin,” in the Wisconsin Historical Society Collections, vol. iii., pp. 125–128. Ferland, “Cours d’Histoire du Canada, 1534–1759,” Québec, 1859. This author is highly esteemed as an historical writer. Shea, “Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi,” Albany, 1861. Ferland, “Notes sur les régistres de Notre Dame de Québec,” Québec, 1863. Neill, “Early French Forts and Footprints in the Valley of the Upper Mississippi,” in Minnesota Historical Society Collections, 1864, pp. 9–20. Faillon, “Histoire de la Colonie française en Canada,” Villemarie [Montreal], 1865, 3 vols.; this work comes down only to 1671, but is of value for period covered.

French, “Biographical Sketch of La Salle,” in Historical Collections of Louisiana, new series, pp. 4–7, New York, 1869. Gallaud, “Mississippi: a Brief History of its Discovery,” in “Annals of Iowa,” vol. vii., pp. 194–201, Davenport, 1869. Van Fleet, “Old and New Mackinac; with copious extracts from Marquette, Hennepin, La Hontan, and others,” Ann Arbor, 1870; Brodhead, “History of New York,” New York, 1871; the author gives briefly the latest knowledge upon the first explorations. The _Revue Maritime et Coloniale_, Paris, 1872, contains controversial articles by Harrisse and Margry, both with the title “Histoire critique de la découverte du Mississippi.” Harrisse, “Notes pour servir à l’Histoire [etc.] de la Nouvelle France, 1545–72,” Paris, 1872. In addition to the bibliographical matter in this work there is a brief historical summary of the early explorations. Neill, “French Voyageurs to Minnesota,” in the Annals of Minnesota, 1850, pp. 10–28, reprinted in Minnesota Historical Society Collections, vol. i., pp-17–36. Durrie, “Early Outposts of Wisconsin,” Madison, 1873, contains notices of the visits of Perrot, Alloüez, Marquette, and others. “Laval université, Québec, 200e anniversaire de la découverte du Mississipi par Joliet et le P. Marquette, Soirée littéraire et musicale, 17 Juin, 1873,” Québec, 1873, 54 pp., contains a discourse by the Abbé Verreau. Parry, “Historical Address on the Early Exploration of the Mississippi Valley,” Davenport, Iowa, 1873, 36 pp. Salter, “Address commemorative of the 200th Anniversary of the Discovery of Iowa by Marquette and Joliet,” in the “Annals of Iowa,” vol. ii., pp. 501–515. Shea, “Address on Discovery of the Mississippi, read on the bi-centennial of said Discovery, June 17, 1873,” published in Wisconsin Historical Society Collections, vol. vii., pp. 111–122. Marshall, “The First Visit of La Salle to the Senecas in 1669,” Buffalo, 1874, 45 pp. Baldwin, “Early maps of Ohio and the West,” Cleveland, 1875, 25 pp.; this forms one of the Western Reserve Historical Society tracts. French, “Biographical Sketch of L. Joliet,” in his Historical Collections, second series, pp. 139, 140.

“Memoir sent by the King to M. Denonville, explanatory of the French Possessions in North America,” in French’s Historical Collections, second series, pp. 123–142. This document briefly recapitulates the French discoveries. Baldwin, “Margry Papers, vol. ii.,” in Western Reserve Historical Society tracts. United States Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, Washington, 1876. Volume iii. of this report contains an extract from Marquette’s journal, and a reduced reproduction of his map. Gravier, “La route du Mississipi,” in the compte-rendu of the second session of the Congrès des Américanistes, 1877, vol. i., pp. 237–312. Whittlesey, “Discovery of the Ohio River by La Salle,” 1669–70, one of the Western Reserve Historical Society tracts.

Hurlbut, “Father Marquette at Mackinaw and Chicago,” Chicago, 1878. Jacker, “La Salle and the Jesuits,” in _American Catholic Quarterly Review_, vol. iii., pp. 404–426, Philadelphia, 1878. Peet, “Discovery of the Ohio,” in _American Antiquarian_, vol. i., pp. 21–35. Shea, “Address before the Missouri Historical Society at the celebration of the 250th anniversary of Marquette’s Voyage, July 20, 1878; _same_. “Romance and Reality of the Death of Marquette, and the recent Discovery of his Remains,” in _Catholic World_, vol. ii., pp. 267–281.

C. C. Baldwin, “Indian Migration in Ohio,” Western Reserve Historical Society tract No. 47; also in _American Antiquarian_, April, 1879. M. F. Force, “Some Early Notices of the Indians of Ohio,” Cincinnati, 1879. Margry, “Was La Salle the Discoverer of the Mississippi,” in _American Antiquarian_, vol. ii., pp. 206–209, Chicago, 1879–81. O. H. Marshall, “Building and Voyage of the Griffon in 1679,” Buffalo, 1879. Blanchard, “Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest,” Chicago, 1880; gives a brief account of Joliet’s and La Salle’s voyages.

Brucker, “J. Marquette et la découverte de la vallée du Mississipi,” Lyon, 1880. Thoulet “Cavelier de La Salle et la découverte du Mississipi, d’après l’ouvrage de M. Margry,” in Bulletin de la Société de la Géographie, 6e série, tome xx., pp. 435–454, 534–556, Paris, 1880. Hurlbut’s “Chicago Antiquities,” Chicago, 1881, contains translations from the journals of Marquette, Hennepin, La Salle, and of other travellers, which relate the incidents of visits made to the site of the present city. Neill, “Minnesota Explorers and Pioneers from 1659 to 1858,” Minneapolis, 1881. J. Fiske, “Romance of the Spanish and French Explorers,” in _Harper’s Magazine_, February, 1882. An article by the editor in _The Magazine of American History_, March, 1882. Gravier’s “Sketch of La Salle,” in same magazine, May, 1882. Hurlbut, “Review of Gravier’s Article,” in same for September, 1882. Butler, “First French Foot-prints beyond the Lakes” [Madison, 1882], closes the list of the writings up to the present time. It has not been thought necessary to include general histories of the United States, such as Bancroft’s and Hildreth’s, and others.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.—The principal bibliographical works used in the compilation of this note are Boimare’s “Notes bibliographiques et raisonnés sur les principaux ouvrages publiès sur la Floride et l’ancienne Louisiane” [Paris, 1855]; Faribault’s “Catalogue d’ouvrages sur l’histoire de l’Amérique,” Québec, 1837; “Field’s Essay toward an Indian Bibliography,” New York, 1875, and Harrisse’s “Notes pour servir à l’historie, la bibliographic [etc.] de la Nouvelle France,” Paris, 1872. O’Callaghan’s “Jesuit Relations of Discoveries in Canada, 1632–1672,” New York, 1847, has been used for the titles of the Jesuit reports.

The references in Parkman’s “La Salle” have indicated many authorities, and the author’s characterizations have been helpful. Gravier’s “La Salle,” Paris, 1871, contains a list of eighty-nine articles upon La Salle. The compiler of this article was unable to examine a copy until after completion of the list. The essential works in it were found to have been noted. Sabin’s “Bibliography” is indispensable in verifying titles.

APPLETON P. C. GRIFFIN

INDEX.

A fine river, 79

Accancea Indians, 176, 179, 182
Household Stuff, 179
Shape, 179
Particular Ceremonies, 182
Country, Product of, 178

Account of Country, 77
given by a native, 128

Ahehoen Indians, 126

Ahonerhopiheim Indians, 126

Aigron, Sieur, 55

Algonquin Indians, 3, 38

Alleghany, Valley of the, 4

Alleghanies, 23

Alligator eaten, 62

Allouez, Father, 13, 22, 197

America, 2
North, 6

American Savages, 38

Anastasius, Father, 48, 62, 109, 112, 116, 134, 135, 136, 137, 151,
154, 155, 156, 160, 161, 167, 168, 189, 190, 197, 199, 201, 203

Apalache, Bay of, 67, 68

Arhan Indians, 126

Arkansas Country, 203
Indians, 202
River, 3, 22, 202

Arrival at Quebec, 201

Art to kill goats and wild fowl, 164

Assony Indians, 130, 139, 162, 163, 167

Author meets another Frenchman among Indians, 149
and others resolve to part from murderers, 152
saved by a friend, 136
sent to the Cenis for provisions, 138

Ayona Indians, 127

Barbier, Sieur, 79, 84, 108, 109, 114, 129
Command of Settlement given to, 116
Marries, 112

Barbier’s wife gives birth to child, 115

Beaujeu, Commander, 26, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 83, 86
leaves La Salle, 89

Begon, Intendant, 60, 61

Bihorel, Sieur, 114, 130

Boat of Bark lost, 98

Bocrettes Indians, 127

Boisrondet, Sieur, 189, 190, 197

Buskins of rawhides instead of shoes, 120

Cacahouanous Indians, 190

Caddoes Indians, 202

Cadodaquio Village, 169

Cahamihona Village, 169, 170

Cahaynohoua Indians, 173, 174

California, Gulf of, 3, 4

Calumet, The, 172, 173, 179

Canada, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 34, 38, 41,
42, 44, 45, 48, 49, 108, 115, 151, 177, 190, 196, 202
Natives of, Brutal, 37

Canohatino Indians, 127

Cannohantimo Indians, 141, 157

Cape Corrientes, 63
St. Anthony, 61, 63, 64, 65
St. Nicholas, 59
Samana, 59

Cappas Indians, 161, 164, 166, 169, 174, 182

Capucins, 170

Carpenter lost, 96

Cascasquina Peroneria Indians, 190

Caveliers, The, 2

Cavelier Family, 29

Cavelier, Jean, 2
Henri, 2, 27
Robert (See La Salle), 2
Abbe, 26, 29, 48, 49, 62, 90, 95, 97, 98, 107, 109, 116, 123, 136,
137, 151, 152, 154, 156, 161, 164, 166, 167, 168, 172, 177, 179,
180, 183, 189, 190, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202
Abbe and his company part from others, 160
Abbe and others carried on backs of Indians; Ceremonies at their
reception; Speeches made to them; Their entertainment, 165, 166
set out and return again, 191

Cayman Island, 62

Cenis Indians, 48, 113, 121, 123, 127, 128, 130, 139, 152, 153, 156,
162, 168, 169, 179
Account of Battle fought by, 157
Country of, 114
Described, 138
Meet French in Solemn Manner, 140
River, 137

Ceremony of Pipe, 171, 179
Performed to M. Cavelier, 179
of Sailors Called “Ducking”, 57

Chahouanous Indians, 196

Champlain, 1, 22

Chanzes Indians, 127

Charleroix, 30

Charpantier, Sieur, 176

Chautauqua Lake, 4

Chebonany, 200

Chedeville, M., 54, 62, 90, 101, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114

Chef de Bois, Port of, 59

Chicago, 21, 196, 197, 198

Chickasaw Indians, 203

Choumans Indians, 128, 129

Choumenes Indians, 126

Clerk, Sieur, 114

Colbert, French Minister of State, 8
River, 49, 177, 181, 200

Columbus, Christopher, 33

Commanders at variance, 74

Conspiracy discovered, 93
revealed, 94

Controversy about privilege of first born, 115

Copal tree, 138

Couture, Sieur, 176, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

Courcelle, Governor, 3, 43

Coyabegux Indians, 126

Crèvecœur, Fort, 17, 18, 19, 20

Cross by a river and a French built house, 176

Crozat, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219
to plant colonies in Louisiana, 205
letters patent to, 212

Cuba, 61, 62, 63, 209

Currents, 67

Dablon, Father, 13, 22

Dainmaville, 54, 88

Dautray, 22

d’ Aire, Chevalier, 66, 67, 74, 76, 77, 80, 88

d’ Eure River, 125

D’Iberville, 203
Expedition, 205

De Baugis, 20

de Belle Fontaine, 189

de Cussy, Governor, 59, 60, 61

de Launay, Sieur, 176

de Leon, Alonzo, 203

de la Sablonniere, 81, 109, 112

De Luna, 22

de Malre, Sieur, 132, 133, 161
drowned, 166
funeral, 167

De Nonville, Marquis, 195, 196, 197, 200, 201

de Porneuf, M., 200

De Soto, 22

de Villeperdry, Sieur, 93, 95

Debates between commanders, 88

Departure from Rochel, 54

Desloges, 86
killed, 87

des Puans Lake, 200

Detroit River, 5
Straits of, 12

Devault, Sieur, 94

Difference between commanders, 56

Discontent occasioned by Moranget, 133

Douay, Father, 26, 29, 136
account of murder, 134

Duchesneau, Intendant, 19

du Hamel, 76, 86, 87

Duhaut, 99, 102, 103, 107, 108, 114, 115, 116, 132, 133, 135, 152
endeavors to occasion a mutiny, 112
mutiny revealed, 113
returns from La Salle, 100
the murderer usurps command, 137
killed, 154

Duromtage, 195

Du Shut, 195

Dutch and English at Albany, 12

East Indies, 37

Encounter with natives, 111

Enepiahe Indians, 126

English, 6

Entertainment given by the Indians, 183

Erie, Lake, 4, 12, 18

Espíritu Bay, 97

Fercoutcha Indians, 127

Figure of a pretended monster, 186

Fine meadows, 164

Finisterre Cape, 55

First landing, 67

First fort abandoned, 94

Fish taken in plenty, 91

Fiske, John, 1

Flying fish, 56

Fort built, 88
Lewis, 197, 200
among the Illinois, 188
arrival at, 188
reception, 189
description of country, 191
lime and clay, mines, product, etc., 192
St. Lewis of Illinois, 203
Louis in Texas, 203

France, 1, 2, 5, 6
King of, 6

French habitation, travellers come to the, 176
men, who they were, 177
house among the Acconceas described, 178
entertained by natives, 147
turned savage, 149
man among Indians, 141
men go to the wars with natives, 156
stay with Indians, 161
River, 200

Frontenac, Count, 5, 6, 8, 12, 19, 24, 43
Fort, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 24, 26, 42

Gabaret, Sieur, 74

Galveston Bay, 103

Game, Plenty of, 171

Garay, 22

Gayen; hurt, 86, 87

Goats and bullocks, 72

Good entertainment, 163

Green Bay, 12, 13, 21

Griffin, The, 12, 13, 14, 18

Grollet, 149, 150

Guanabo Island, 59

Guinea, 206

Habitation of St. Lewis, 103, 151, 153
description of country at, 103
the land, 103
living creatures: Fish, tortoises, venomous creatures,
rattle-snakes, 104
Alligators, trees, dangerous fruit, 105
vines, plants, 106
of St. Lewis. Who were left there when La Salle departed, 116

Hard labor, 95

Havana, 206, 209, 210, 211

Hebahamo Indian Village, 121

Hiens, 116, 132, 133, 134, 138, 155, 156, 161
kills Duhaut, 154
gives others what he pleases and seizes rest of effects, 160

Hennepin, 1, 11, 15, 16, 18, 44, 47, 48, 49, 203, 204

Hispaniola Island, 58, 59, 61, 63

Holy Ghost, Bay of, 50, 68, 69

Horse sold for an ax, 148

Houabache River, 184

How the travellers lived, 195

Hudson’s Bay, 205

Hunter dies with cold, 100

Hurie, (Sieur), 94, 99, 111, 113

Hurons, 38, 199, 200

Huron, Lake, 5, 12

Illinois allies, 24
country, 20, 196
Indians, 13, 14, 21, 38, 49, 114, 115, 177, 183, 188, 196
adultery, 195
boasting, 193
chiefs, 16
children, 193
care of dead, 193
presents to, 195
game of stick, 195
great town of, 15
manners and customs, 193
marriages, 195
meeting with, 187
outbreak, 16
thieving, 193
women do all labor, 193
lake of the, 200
river, 5, 15, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 44, 187, 214
headwaters of, 22
State of, 17

Indiscretion of an ensign, 86

Indian, bad ways, 163
beds, 142
bewailing memory of men killed, 156
ceremonies, 145
ceremony to the dead, 167
of dressing a bullock, 185
of rejoicing, 159
come to fort, 92
cruel trophies of, 158
dies of eating raw suet, 187
doleful entertainment, 168
entertainment, 141
expect presents, 174
humanity of the, 167
huts and families in them, 142
inhumanity, 158
maid brought to author, 150
manners, 144
manner of building, 142
their moveables, 142
men, 170
barbarity of towards a woman taken, 157
nations, 167
peculiar custom, 169
rats, 124
religion, 145
tillage, 142
tilling, instrument for, 143
tobacco, 146
take revenge, 87
women, 143
barbarity of, 158
their behavior, 144
disfigure themselves, 143
do all the work, 144, 193
habits, 144
ornaments of, 169
sow, 143
strong, 38
rejoice at victory, 157
with axes, 175
village abandoned, 120
inhabited, 123

Irondequoit (Seneca village), 4

Iroquois, 3, 8, 12, 13, 16, 20, 21, 23, 38, 49, 185, 188, 190, 198,
199
invasion, 16
war with, 195

Janiquo Indians, 168

Jesuits, 2, 5, 7, 12, 16, 22, 199, 200
mission among Hurons re-established by Marquette, 19

Jogues, 22

Joliet, 1, 4, 5, 22

Joutel, Henri, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 48, 50, 89
believes Mississippi passed, 68
party, 108

Journey prosecuted, 174
continued, 181

Joly (The), 26, 54, 58, 64, 66, 67, 68, 74, 75, 79, 80, 89
boltsprit of lost, 55

Kabayes Indians, 126

Kannehonan Indians, 126

Kavagan Indians, 126

Keremen Indians, 126

Ketch taken by the Spaniards, 61

Kiahoba Indians, 126

Kiasses Indians, 127

Kind Indians, 177
reception, 171

Korenkake Indians, 126

Korkone Indians, 126

Kouans Indians, 126

l’ Aimable (ship), 61, 62, 65, 79, 80, 81, 85, 88, 89
cast astray, 83

l’ Archevêque, 116, 133, 134, 136, 153, 155, 161

La Barre, Governor, 24, 25, 26

La Belle (ship), 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 94, 96,
97, 98, 101, 115
lost, 108
how lost, 110
what was saved from, 109

La Chine (China), 2, 3, 201

Le Clerc, Father, 26, 203

La Forest (Surgeon), 10, 19, 20, 26, 203

La Hontan’s forged discourse with a savage, wherein he renders
himself ridiculous, 36

La Motte de Sussière, 10, 11

La Maligne River, 102, 124, 126, 147

la Sabloniere River, 122

La Salle, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22,
23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 41, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55,
56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97,
98, 101, 103, 110, 111, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127,
128, 129, 130, 131, 137, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 160, 176,
177, 178, 179, 180, 187, 188, 190, 197, 201, 202
account of, 41
barbarity towards body of, 135
character, 42, 135
conspiracy to murder, 133
consult to murder, 133
death of, 5, 29
is murdered, 134
first voyage of exploration, 3
return to France, 8
footman killed, 133
fort taken by Spaniards, 204
goes to discover the river, 90
returns; sets out again, 90
goes out to discover, 99
returns, 107
goes to seek conspirators, 134
Indian killed, 132
made proprietor of Ft. Frontenac, 43
men, 17
mistake, 69
much wronged, 89
patent of nobility, 8
resolves on third expedition, 114
persons with him, 116
the way they traveled, 117
Royal patent to explore Mississippi country, 10
reputation makes enemies, 43
second return visit to France, 10
voyage of exploration (1678–9), 11
sets out on another expedition, 108
discoveries; return, 113
seven men lost and four desert, 114
third return visit to France, 25
well received by natives, 126

Le Gros, 61
bitten by snake, 91
and others die, 97

Liotot, 116, 132, 134, 138, 153
killed, 154

Lisbon, 55

Lost Frenchmen heard of, 130

Louis XIV, 23

Louisiana, 23, 33, 47, 203, 204, 206, 211, 212, 214, 217, 218

Louisville, 4

Machigamea Indians, 184

Madera Island, 55, 56

Magdalen River, 75

Maghai Indians, 126

Man clad like Spaniard, 139

March continued, 137

Mark, Friar, 22

Marquette, 1, 3, 19, 22, 186

Massiot, 54

Matagorda Bay, 89, 97

Maximus, Father, 112

Membre, Father, 26

Men sent by land to discover, 78

Meracouman Indians, 126

Mexico, 10, 25, 207
Bay of, 45, 49, 50, 63, 177, 191
City, 208
Gulf of, 4, 22, 23, 25, 44, 47, 197, 206
Kingdom of, 42, 139
North, 129

Miami, Fort, 15
River, 14, 21, 22

Michilimackinac, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 190, 196, 199

Michigan, Lake, 5, 12, 13, 14, 21

Mines of St. Barbara, 42

Minet, Sieur, 76, 88

Mississippi River, 1, 3, 4, 5, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 33, 42,
43, 45, 49, 50, 69, 77, 82, 89, 97, 98, 102, 108, 114, 148, 149,
152, 153, 164, 174, 176, 177, 182, 184, 187, 203, 205
River, Banks of many colors, 185
Branches of, 88

Mississippi found at last, 181
mouth of, 21
passed, 75
source of, 44, 204
Indians, 16
Valley, 26

Missouri River, 22, 186, 213

Mitchell, Sieur, 47

Montreal, 2, 4, 8, 9, 18, 41, 42, 49, 196, 199, 200, 201

Moranget, 54, 78, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 98, 102, 107, 108, 113, 116,
128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 155
Discontent occasioned by, 133

More mischief prevented, 155

Murderers change their mind, 153
differ in opinion, 153
design of, 152
resolve to return to habitation of St. Lewis, 151
return to camp, 151

Nahordikhes Indians, 162

Nations, Names, 126, 146

Nation, What is meant here by it, 146

Natives entertained, 118

New England, 21, 151

New France, 8, 196, 215, 216

New Mexico, 140

New Spain, 122

Niagara River, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19

Nicolet, 1

Nipicingue Lake, 201

Odd Salutation, 85

Ohio Project, 4
River, 3, 4, 5, 22

Omeaosse Indians, 126

Onapien Indians, 126

Outahouacs Indians, 199

Ontario Lake, 4, 8, 19, 42

Onondaga, 8

Orcampion Indians, 127

Oris killed, 87

Ory, 54

Otenmarhem Indians, 126

Paget, 56

Parkman, 2, 10, 11, 12, 18, 21, 26, 28, 29, 89

Palaquechaune Indians, 128

Panego Indians, 127

Pehir Indians, 126

Peihoum Indians, 127

Peisacho Indians, 127

Peoria Lake, 15

Persons that went, 54

Petao Indians, 127

Petit Gouave, 59, 60, 61, 63

Petzares Indians, 127

Pichar Indians, 127

Pines, Island of, 62, 63, 64

Plenty of game, 171

Planteroze (M.), 54, 101, 110

Portable Canoe, 125

Port de Paix, 59, 60, 61

Poutouanni Indians, 199

Pottawatomies, 4, 21

Presents, 171

Primitehouy Lake, 187

Princess’s River, 117, 119

Provisions hid spoilt, 132

Ptolomy, 22

Quebec, 11, 41, 42, 44

Quintonan River, 198

Récollet Friars, 8, 9, 26, 90, 99, 204
Accidents concerning, 112

Red River, 202

Richelieu (Cardinal), 2

Rio Grande River, 23, 202

River aux Bœufs, 103
of Bullocks, 97
of Canoes, 132

Rochelle, 26, 202
return to, 55

Rocky Mountains, 23

Rouen, 2, 27, 29, 202

Ruter, 149, 150
Kills Liotot, 154

Santo Domingo, 25, 56

Salt found in pools, 92
water spring, 186

Sault Ste. Marie, 13

Savages, A company of, 80
come to the boat, 70
carryed aboard, 71
return ashore with gifts, 71
friendly behaviour, 81
their camp, 81
their entertainment, 82

Second Landing, 73
settlement, 93, 96
ill posture of, 95

Seignelay, Marquis de, 10, 25

Senecas, 3, 195
Village (Irondequoit), 4

Seven set out for Canada, 161

Shea, Dr. John Gilmary, 22

Ships, 54

Six men killed by natives, 101

Sombrero Island, 58

South Sea, 42

Spain, 25

Spaniards, 25, 56, 127, 129, 150, 210

Spanish, 6
Incursions, 26
Vessel appears, 91

Spicheats Indians, 126

St. Bernard’s Bay, 97

St. Barbara, Mines of, 42

St. Cosmo, 203

St. Jerome River, 213

St. Joseph River, 14, 15, 19
Fort, 20
Bay, 89

St. Lewis (or Louis) Bay, 97, 99, 103, 117
Fort, 24, 25, 26, 28
(of Texas), 97

St. Lewis River, 206, 213

St. Laurent, Marquis de, 60, 61

St. Lawrence River, 19, 41, 49, 202

St. Mary’s Fall, 200

St. Philip River, 213

“Starved Rock”, 15, 18, 24

Stores they had, 98

Strange adventure, 102

Sulpitians, 2, 3, 4, 5, 26

Superior, Lake, 4, 12

Sweet water from a tree, 198

Talon (Intendant), 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 43

Teao Indians, 127

Teissier, 138, 160, 161, 188, 201

Tessalon, Village of, 200

Texas, 108

Theauremets Indians, 126

Thecamenes Indians, 126

Thibault, Sieur, 54, 99

Thick woods, 119

Third landing, 76

Tonti, Hendri de, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 47, 48, 49, 176, 177, 188, 190, 196, 197, 202, 203
comes to Fort Lewis, 195
’s mistake in account of voyage, 64

Tohaka Indians, 126

Tohan Indians, 127

Tonningua, Village, 182

Toriman officers, 181
Village, 181

Tortuga Island, 59

Trade Wind, 57

Travel continued, 197

Tsepehoen Indians, 127

Tsera Indians, 127

Two men killed, 115

West Indies, 210

Wild fowl, 120
fruit, 186
swine, 63

Veracruz, 206, 207, 209, 211

Vermilion Sea, 3

Vespusius, Americus, 23

Zenobius, Father, 62, 117, 152, 203