Chapter I: Part I

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Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 10
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This Dover edition, first published in 1962, is an unabridged and
unaltered republication of the work originally published by the United
States Government Printing Office. Part I was originally published in
1927 as Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum
_Bulletin 142_; Part II was originally published in 1929 as Smithsonian
Institution United States National Museum _Bulletin 146_.

_International Standard Book Number: 0-486-20933-4_

_Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-51562_

Manufactured in the United States of America
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ADVERTISEMENT

The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as _Proceedings_ and _Bulletin_.

The _Proceedings_, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.

The _Bulletin_, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the _Bulletin_ series appear volumes under the heading _Contributions from the United States National Herbarium_, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.

The present work forms No. 142 of the _Bulletin_ series.

ALEXANDER WETMORE,
_Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution_.

WASHINGTON, D. C., _November 15, 1927_.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Order Limicolae 1
Family Phalaropodidae 1
Phalaropus fulicarius 1
Red phalarope 1
Habits 1
Distribution 14
Lobipes lobatus 15
Northern phalarope 15
Habits 15
Distribution 26
Steganopus tricolor 28
Wilson phalarope 28
Habits 28
Distribution 35
Family Recurvirostridae 37
Recurvirostra americana 37
American avocet 37
Habits 37
Distribution 44
Himantopus mexicanus 47
Black-necked stilt 47
Habits 47
Distribution 53
Family Scolopacidae 54
Scolopax rusticola 54
European woodcock 54
Habits 54
Distribution 60
Rubicola minor 61
American woodcock 61
Habits 61
Distribution 75
Capella gallinago gallinago 78
European snipe 78
Habits 78
Distribution 81
Capella gallinago delicata 81
Wilson snipe 81
Habits 81
Distribution 94
Capella media 98
Great snipe 98
Habits 98
Distribution 101
Lymnocryptes minimus 101
Jack snipe 101
Habits 101
Distribution 105
Limnodromus griseus griseus 106
Eastern dowitcher 106
Habits 106
Distribution 113
Limnodromus griseus scolopaceus 115
Long-billed dowitcher 115
Habits 115
Distribution 121
Micropalama himantopus 122
Stilt sandpiper 122
Habits 122
Distribution 129
Calidris canutus rufus 131
American knot 131
Habits 131
Distribution 143
Calidris tenuirostris 145
Eastern Asiatic knot 145
Arquatella maritima 146
Purple sandpiper 146
Habits 146
Distribution 151
Arquatella ptilocnemis ptilocnemis 152
Pribilof sandpiper 152
Habits 152
Distribution 158
Arquatella ptilocnemis couesi 159
Aleutian sandpiper 159
Habits 159
Distribution 166
Pisobia acuminata 167
Sharp-tailed sandpiper 167
Habits 167
Distribution 169
Pisobia maculata 169
Pectoral sandpiper 169
Habits 169
Distribution 177
Pisobia fuscicollis 181
White-rumped sandpiper 181
Habits 181
Distribution 191
Pisobia bairdi 193
Baird sandpiper 193
Habits 193
Distribution 199
Pisobia minutilla 202
Least sandpiper 202
Habits 202
Distribution 209
Pisobia subminuta 213
Long-toed stint 213
Habits 213
Distribution 214
Pisobia ruficollis 215
Rufous-necked sandpiper 215
Habits 215
Distribution 217
Pelidna alpina alpina 217
Dunlin 217
Habits 217
Distribution 220
Pelidna alpina sakhalina 221
Red-backed sandpiper 221
Habits 221
Distribution 229
Erolia ferruginea 232
Curlew sandpiper 232
Habits 232
Distribution 236
Eurynorhynchus pygmeus 237
Spoonbill sandpiper 237
Habits 237
Distribution 243
Ereunetes pusillus 244
Semipalmated sandpiper 244
Habits 244
Distribution 252
Ereunetes mauri 255
Western sandpiper 255
Habits 255
Distribution 263
Crocethia alba 265
Sanderling 265
Habits 265
Distribution 274
Limosa fedoa 277
Marbled godwit 277
Habits 277
Distribution 287
Limosa lapponica baueri 289
Pacific godwit 289
Habits 289
Distribution 294
Limosa haemastica 295
Hudsonian godwit 295
Habits 295
Distribution 302
Limosa limosa limosa 304
Black-tailed godwit 304
Habits 304
Distribution 308
Glottis nebularia 309
Greenshank 309
Habits 309
Distribution 313
Totanus totanus 315
Redshank 315
Habits 315
Distribution 319
Totanus melanoleucus 321
Greater yellow-legs 321
Habits 321
Distribution 332
Totanus flavipes 336
Lesser yellow-legs 336
Habits 336
Distribution 346
References to bibliography 350
Explanation of plates 360
Index 415