Chapter XXVI: Appendix: A List of Lights on the British and Irish Coasts.63 (2)

468. =Copeland Island=, lat. 54° 41´ 44´´; one fixed light,
visible 16 miles; tower, 52 feet high; erected 1796.

NORTH COAST.

469. =Belfast Bay=, Hollywood Bank, lat. 54° 39´; one fixed
light, visible 5 miles; erected 1848.

470. =Larne Lough=, Farrs Point, lat 54° 51´ 7´´; one fixed
light, visible 11 miles; tower, 50 feet; erected 1839.

471. =Maidens Rocks=, lat. 54° 55´ 47´´; two fixed lights,
visible 14 and 13 miles; one tower 76 feet, and the other 68
feet high, 800 yards apart; erected 1829.

472. =Rathlin Island=, Altacarry Head; lat. 55° 18´ 10´´; two
lights—the upper, intermittent, bright 50 seconds, dark 10; the
lower fixed—visible 21 miles; lighthouse, 88 feet high; erected
1856.

Lough Foyle—Nos. 473 to 483.

[473. =Inishowen=, Dunagree Point, lat. 55° 13´ 38´´; two
lights, east and west, 183 yards apart; visible 13 miles;
towers, 49 feet high; erected 1837.

474. =Warren Point=; one fixed red light; erected 1801.

475. §=Red Castle=; one fixed light; erected 1852.

476. §=White Castle=; one fixed light; erected 1848.

477. §=Ture=; one fixed light; erected 1850.

478. §=Cunnyberry=, one fixed light; erected 1848.

479. =Culmore Point=; one fixed light, on mast; erected 1848.

480. =Culkeeragh=; one fixed light; erected 1851.

481. =Boom Hall=; one fixed light; red brick tower; erected
1859.

482. [++]=Rosse Bay= Lightship; one fixed light; fixed 1859.

483. =Rock Mill= (near); one fixed light, on mast; erected
1859.]

* * * * *

484. =Inistrahull Island=, lat. 55° 25´ 55´´; revolving every 2
minutes; 42 feet high; erected 1812.

485. =Lough Swilly=, Fanad Point, lat. 55° 16´ 33´´; one fixed
light, visible 14 miles; 26 feet high; erected 1816.

486. =Tory Island=, lat. 55° 16´ 26´´; one fixed light, visible
16 miles; lighthouse, 87 feet high; erected 1832.

487. =Aranmore Island=, Rinrawros Point, lat. 55° 0´ 52´´; one
light, flashes every 20 seconds, visible 18 miles; circular
tower, 76 feet high; erected 1865.

WEST COAST.

488. =Rathlin-o-Birne Island=, lat. 54° 39´ 47´´; one fixed
light, visible 16 miles; circular tower, with dome, 63 feet
high; erected 1856, altered 1864.

489. =Killybegs=, St. John´s Point, lat. 54° 34´ 8´´; one fixed
light, visible 14 miles; 47 feet high; erected 1831.

490. =Killybegs=, Rotten Island, lat. 54° 36´ 51´´; one fixed
light, visible 12 miles; 47 feet high; erected 1838.

491. =Sligo Bay=, Black Rock, lat. 54° 18´; one fixed light,
visible 13 miles; lighthouse tower, 47 feet high; erected 1838.

492. =Sligo Bay=, Oyster Island, lat. 54° 18´ 5´´; two fixed
lights, visible 17 miles; each tower 43 feet high; erected 1837.

493. =Broadhaven=, Gubacashel Point, lat. 54° 16´; one fixed
light, visible 12 miles; 50 feet high; erected 1855.

494. =Eagle Rock=, lat. 54° 17´; two fixed lights, visible 20
miles; one 87 feet, the other 64 feet high; 132 yards distant.

495. =Black Rock=, lat. 54° 4´ 10´´; revolving light, with
flash every 30 seconds, visible 23 miles; circular tower, 50
feet high; erected 1864.

496. =Blacksod Point=, lat. 54° 5´ 54´´; one fixed light,
visible 10 miles; granite tower and dwelling, 41 feet high;
erected 1866.

497. =Clare Island=, lat. 53° 49´ 30´´; one fixed light,
visible 27 miles; 39 feet high; erected 1806.

498. =Inishgort=, lat. 53° 49´ 34´´; one fixed light, visible
10 miles; 26 feet high; erected 1827.

499. =Slyne Head=, Illaunimmul Island, lat. 53° 23´ 58´´; two
lights, one revolving every 2 minutes, visible 15 miles; one
fixed, visible 14 miles; each tower 79 feet high, 142 yards
apart; erected 1836.

Galway Bay—Nos. 500 to 502.

[500. =Eeragh Island=, West Point, lat. 53° 8´ 55´´; one light,
revolving every 3 minutes, visible 16 miles; circular tower,
101 feet; erected 1857.

501. =Inisheer=, South Point, lat. 53° 2´ 40´´; one fixed
light, visible 15 miles; circular tower, 112 feet high; erected
1856.

502. =Mutton Island=, lat. 53° 15´ 13´´; one fixed light,
visible 10 miles; 34 feet high; erected 1817.]

River Shannon—Nos. 503 to 507.

[503. =Loophead=, lat. 52° 33´ 38´´; one fixed light, visible
22 miles; circular white tower, 75 feet high; erected 1853.

504. =Kilcradan Point=, lat. 52° 34´ 47´´; one fixed light,
visible 16 miles; 43 feet high; erected 1824.

505. =Scattery Island=, Rinana Point. Now building.

506. =Tarbert=, Rock, lat. 52° 35´ 30´´; one fixed light,
visible 13 miles; 54 feet high; erected 1834.

507. =Beeves=, Rock, lat. 52° 39´; one fixed light, visible 10
miles; 40 feet high; erected 1854.]

* * * * *

508. =Tralee=, Samphire Island, lat. 52° 16´ 14´´; one fixed
light, visible 5 miles; circular lighthouse, erected 1834.

509. =Tearaght Island=, lat. 52° 4´. Now building. Will be
lighted, probably, in the autumn of 1870.

510. =Valentia=, Cromwell´s Fort, lat. 51° 56´; one fixed
light, visible 12 miles; lighthouse 48 feet high; erected 1841.

511. =Skelligs Rock=, lat. 51° 46´ 14´´; two fixed lights,
the upper visible 25 miles, and lighthouse 48 feet high; the
lower, visible 18 miles, and 46 feet high. The upper will be
extinguished when Tearaght is completed.

512. =Calf Rock=, lat. 51° 34´ 10´´; one light, flashing every
15 seconds; visible 17 miles; circular tower, painted red, with
white belt; 102 feet high; erected 1866.

513. =Bantry Bay=, Roancarrig Island, lat. 51° 39´ 10´´; one
fixed light, visible 12 miles; circular tower, 62 feet high;
erected 1847.

514. =Crookhaven=, Rock Island Point, lat. 51° 28´ 35´´; one
fixed red light, visible 10 miles; lighthouse, 45 feet high;
improved 1867.

II.

A NIGHT IN A LIGHTSHIP.

While these sheets were passing through the press there appeared in the _Scotsman_ a graphic and interesting sketch of “A Night in the Gull Lightship, off the Goodwin Sands,” from the able and popular pen of Mr. R. M. Ballantyne (March 26, 1870). The following extracts cannot fail to be acceptable to the reader:—

“A little before midnight on Thursday (the 24th), while I
was rolling uneasily in my ‘bunk,’ contending with sleep and
sea-sickness, and moralising on the madness of those who choose
‘the sea’ for a profession, I was roused—and sickness instantly
cured—by the watch on deck suddenly shouting down the hatchway
to the mate, ‘Southsand-Head light is firing, sir, and sending
up rockets.’ The mate sprang from his ‘bunk,’ and was on the
cabin floor before the sentence was well finished. I followed
suit, and pulled on coat, nether garments, and shoes, as if
my life depended on my own speed. There was unusual need for
clothing, for the night was bitterly cold. On gaining the deck,
we found the two men on duty actively at work—the one loading
the lee gun, the other adjusting a rocket to its stick. A
few hurried questions from the mate elicited all that it was
needful to know. The flash of a gun from the Southsand-Head
lightship, about six miles distant, had been seen, followed
by a rocket, indicating that a vessel had got upon the fatal
Goodwins. While the men spoke, I saw the bright flash of
another gun, but heard no report—owing to the gale carrying the
sound to leeward. A rocket followed, and at the same moment
we observed the light of the vessel in distress just on the
southern tail of the Sands. By this time our gun was charged,
and the rocket in position. ‘Look alive, Jack; get the poker,’
cried the mate, as he primed the gun. Jack dived down the
companion hatch, and in another moment returned with a red-hot
poker, which the mate had thrust into the cabin fire at the
first alarm. Jack applied it in quick succession to the gun and
the rocket. A blinding flash and deafening crash were followed
by the whiz of the rocket, as it sprang with a magnificent
curve far away into the surrounding darkness. This was our
answer to the Southsand-Head light, which, having fired three
guns and three rockets to attract our attention, now ceased
firing. It was also our note of warning to the look-out on the
pier of Ramsgate Harbour. ‘That’s a beauty,’ said our mate,
referring to the rocket; ‘get up another, Jack; sponge her well
out, Jacobs, we’ll give ’em another shot in a few minutes.’
Loud and clear were both our signals, but four and a half miles
of distance and a fresh gale neutralized their influence. The
look-out did not see them. In less than five minutes the gun
and rocket were fired again. Still no answering signal came
from Ramsgate. ‘Load the weather gun,’ said the mate. Jacobs
obeyed, and I sought shelter under the lee of the weather
bulwarks, for the wind appeared to be composed of penknives
and needles. Our third gun thundered forth, and shook the
lightship from stem to stern; but the rocket struck the rigging
and made a low wavering flight. Another was therefore sent up,
but it had scarcely cut its bright line across the sky when we
observed the answering signal—a rocket from Ramsgate Pier.

“‘That’s all right _now_, sir; _our_ work is done,’ said the
mate, as he went below, and quietly turned in, while the
watch, having sponged out and recovered the gun, resumed
their active perambulation of the deck. I confess that I felt
somewhat disappointed at the sudden termination of the noise
and excitement! I was told that the Ramsgate lifeboat could
not well be out in less than an hour. It seemed to my excited
spirit a terrible thing that human lives should be kept so
long in jeopardy, and, of course, I began to think, ‘Is it
not possible to prevent this delay?’ There was nothing for
it, however, but patience, so I turned in ‘all standing,’ as
sailors have it, with orders that I should be called when the
lights of the tug should come in sight. It seemed but a few
minutes after, when the voice of the watch was again heard
shouting hastily, ‘Lifeboat close alongside, sir. Didn’t see it
till this moment. She carries no lights.’ I bounced out, and
minus coat, hat, and shoes, scrambled on deck just in time to
see the Broadstairs lifeboat rush past us before the gale. She
was close under our stern, and rendered spectrally visible by
the light of our lantern. ‘What are you firing for?’ shouted
the coxswain of the boat. ‘Ship on the sands, bearing south,’
replied Jack, at the full pitch of his stentorian voice. The
boat did not pause. It passed with a magnificent rush into
darkness. The reply had been heard, and the lifeboat shot
straight as an arrow to the rescue. We often hear and read of
such scenes, but vision is necessary to enable one to realize
the full import of all that goes on. Again all was silent and
unexciting on board of the _Gull_. I went shivering below, with
exalted notions of the courage and endurance of lifeboat men.
Soon after, the watch once more shouted, ‘Tug’s in sight, sir;’
and, once again, the mate and I went on deck. The Ramsgate
lifeboat _Bradford_ was in tow far astern. As she passed us,
the brief questions and answers were repeated for the benefit
of the coxswain of the boat. I observed that every man in the
boat lay flat on the thwarts except the coxswain. No wonder.
It is not an easy matter to sit up in a gale of wind, with
freezing spray, and sometimes green seas, sweeping over one.
They were, doubtless, wide awake and listening; but, as far
as vision went, that boat was manned by ten oilskin coats and
sou’-westers. A few seconds took them out of sight; and thus,
as far as the _Gull_ lightship was concerned, the drama ended.
There was no possibility of our ascertaining more, at least
during that night, for whatever might be the result of these
efforts, the floating lights had no chance of hearing of them
until the next visit of their tender. I was therefore obliged
to turn in once more, at 3 A.M. Next forenoon we saw the wreck,
bottom up, high on the Goodwin Sands.” It was that of the good
ship _Germania_ of Bremen.

Index.

Alexander the Great, anecdote of, quoted, 26, 29.

Alexandria, the pharos of, one of the wonders of the world, 17;
its architect, 17, 18;
its position, 20, 21;
described, 21;
references to, in the historians, 21, 22;
description of, by Edrisi, 22, 25, 26;
fables concerning, 26, 29.

Alguada reef, lighthouse on, described, 210.

Ampellius, Lucius, his description of the Colossus of Rhodes, 47.

Anastasius, the librarian, cited, 19.

Annette, the isle of, described, 196;
dangerous character of, 210.

Apameia, colony of, founded, 15, 16.

Argand, the engineer, his efforts in lighthouse illumination, 70.

Avery, David, his establishment of a lightship at the
Scilly Isles, 254, 255.

Ballantyne, R. M., quoted, 312-314.

Beachy Head, light at, referred to, 132.

Beacons, suggestions for lighting, by Mr. T. Stevenson, 169, 170.

Belle-Tout lighthouse, the, described, 207.

Bell Rock, the, position of, 146, 147;
the legend of quoted, 147-149.

Bell Rock lighthouse, the, story of its erection, 149-164;
description of, 165, 166;
how managed, 166, 167;
curious incident connected with, 167.

Bible, the, references to beacons in, 12.

Bishop Rock lighthouse, the, erection of recorded, 196, 197.

Black Prince, the, lighthouse erected at Cordouan by, 214.

Board of Ballast, the, of Dublin, its functions and members, 55.

Board of Trade, the, its superintendence of lighthouse-boards, 55.

Borda, the mathematician, his reflecting apparatus, 71.

Boulogne, referred to by Pliny and Ptolemæus, 30;
its early history, 30;
the Tour d’Ordre of, described—_See_ Tour d’Ordre.

Brick-making amongst the Romans, description of, 40, 41.

Buffon, the naturalist, his suggestions for lighthouse illumination, 77.

Buoys, as aids to navigation, 270;
various kinds of, 273;
modes of lighting, 274;
how shifted, 275.

Caligula, the Emperor, his erection of the Tour d’Ordre at Boulogne, 30.

Calf of Man, double lights at, 76.

Capio, pharos at, referred to by Strabo the geographer, 14.

Capreæ, island of, pharos on, referred to, 13.

Carcel, the engineer, his efforts in lighthouse illumination, 70.

Carcel lamp, the, described, 80.

Carr Rock, erection of a beacon on, by Mr. R. Stevenson, 168.

Catoptric system, the, of illumination, described at length, 71-77.

Caylus, the Comte de, his demonstration concerning the Rhodian
Apollo, 44.

Champollion, his account of the building of the pharos of
Alexandria, 18.

Chares, the sculptor of the Colossus of Rhodes, the story of, 48.

Chevreau, Urbain, his reference to the Colossus of Rhodes, 44.

Chrysorrhoas, lighthouse on the, described by Dionysius of
Byzantium, 13, 14.

Claudius, the Emperor, at Boulogne, 13.

Colossus of Rhodes, the, fabled magnitude of, 43;
was it ever a beacon-light? 44;
described by Pliny and Philo, 47;
referred to by Lucius Ampellius, 47;
the authentic facts concerning, 47, 48;
its sculptor’s career sketched, 48.

Colour, as a source of distinction between lights, 76, 77.

Condorcet, the philosopher, his suggestions for lighthouse
illumination, 77.

Cordouan, the first lighthouse at, 213, 214;
the second, described, 214;
the present structure, history of, 214, 215;
described, 216-218;
M. Michelet’s account of, 218-221;
its illuminating apparatus, 221, 222.

_Cornhill Magazine_, quoted, 277.

Crusius, Martinus, story of the Alexandrian pharos quoted from, 26, 29.

Darling, Grace, the story of, 280, 281.

Delavigne, Casimir, the poet, quoted, 224.

Dionysius of Byzantium, his description of a lighthouse on the
Chrysorrhoas, 13, 14.

Dioptric system, the, of lighthouse illumination, described in
detail, 77, 78, 84-87.

Double lights, the, of the catoptric system, how exhibited, 76.

Dover, early history of the castle, 38;
the tower, its present appearance described, 38-40;
its history sketched, 41, 42.

Dubhe-Artach Rocks, the, described, 208;
proposed lighthouse on, 209.

Dungeness, the red light at, 132.

Eddystone Rocks, the, position of, described, 108, 109.

Eddystone lighthouse, the, of Winstanley, its erection narrated, 109-113;
its destruction, 113;
of Rudyerd, 113-116;
its conflagration, 116-118;
a romantic narrative connected with, 118, 119;
of Smeaton, its erection described, 121-129;
its present condition, 129, 130.

_Edinburgh Review_, cited, 55, 69.

Edrisi, the historian, his description of the Alexandrian
pharos, 22-26.

Egger, M., on the Tour d’Ordre at Boulogne, 32, 35, 36.

Egypt, the light-towers of, described, 10.

Empiricus, Sextus, the Pyrrhonist, on the sculptor of the Colossus of
Rhodes, 48.

Enfant Perdu, the, lighthouse on, its difficult construction, 250.

English Channel, the, lights in, enumerated, 131, 132.

Esquiros, M. Alphonse, his description of Trinity House, quoted, 58-61;
his account of life on board a lightship, 255, 256.

Faraday, Professor, his system of ventilation for lighthouses, 101, 102.

Fastnet Rock, revolving light on the, 204;
the lighthouse on, described, 204-206.

Fire-towers amongst the Egyptians, 10, 12;
reference to, in Homer and the Bible, 12.

Fixed light, the, of the catoptric system, how obtained, 74.

Fixed light, varied by flashes, employed in France, 92, 93.

Flashing light, the, of the catoptric system, how effected, 75.

Foix, Louis de, the Parisian architect, his erection of a tower at
Cordouan, 215.

_Forfarshire_, the, wreck of, referred to, 280, 281.

France, number of lighthouses in, 56;
its system of lighthouse administration, 56, 57.

Fresnel, Jean Augustin, the engineer, his career sketched, 78, 79;
his system of lighthouse illuminationdescribed, 86, 89;
his revolving light and apparatus explained, 90, 91;
his lenticular system, 222.

Gascony, Gulf of, described by M. Michelet, 262.

Grand Barge d’Olonne, the lighthouse of, its construction
described, 245, 246.

Greeks, the, lighthouses among, 10.

Gregory of Tours, the historian, his employment of the word
“pharos,” 19.

Gunfleet, the lighthouse at, on piles, 207, 208.

Hamblin, Robert, his establishment of a lightship at the
Nore, 254, 255.

Harwich, the light at, 66.

Héaux, of Bréhat, the lighthouse of, story of its erection,
233-237, 240-243;
its submarine portion, 237;
its rocky foundation, 238;
its stability, 238;
the principle of its construction, 239, 240;
its resistance to the waves, 243, 244.

Hercules, his fabled invention of lighthouses, 10;
the Pillars of, historical memoranda concerning, 265, 266.

Herodian, the historian, his description of Roman light-towers, 14.

Hesychius, the historian, his account of the Pillars of Hercules, 266.

Hève, La, legend connected with, 226-228;
position of described, 228;
lighthouses of, details concerning, 228-232.

Homer, reference to fire-towers in, 12.

Honduras, the mahogany of, 144.

Illuminating apparatus, the, of lighthouses, treated in detail, 68-95.

Inchkeith, isle of, lighthouse on, 145.

Intermittent light, the, of the catoptric system, how
distinguished, 75, 76.

Ireland, the coast of, lights on, enumerated, 201-204.

Isaiah, the prophet, his reference to beacons, 12.

Josephus, the historian, his account of the pharos at Alexandria, 21.

La Hève, the two lighthouses of, electric and lenticular
apparatus at, 81, 82.

Lamps as a means of lighthouse illumination, 69, 70;
the various kinds employed in modern lighthouses, 79-81.

Landmarks, early historical instances of, 264, 265;
the Pillars of Hercules, 265, 266;
Pompey’s Pillar, 266, 269, 270.

Land’s End, the, described, 193, 194.

Leon of Ostia, cited, 20.

Lesches, pharos erected by, 12, 13.

Light, the electric, as a means of lighthouse illumination, 81-84.

Light, the refraction of, 84.

Lighthouse commission of France, buildings of, referred to, 61.

Lighthouse illumination, history of, sketched, 69-71.

Lighthouse, an iron, described, 204-206;
on piles, 207.

Lighthouse keeper, the, his duties detailed, 276-279;
in France, 285-288.

Lighthouses, early history of, 9-43;
how administered, 49-61;
their geographical distribution, 62-67;
the illuminating apparatus of, 68-94;
the skill required in their construction, 95;
the conditions of their erection, 96;
number of men required for, 97, 98, 102;
their capability of resistance to wind and wave, 98;
internal arrangements of, 99-102;
duties of their keepers, 102-104;
of Great Britain, 108-211;
of France, 212-252;
the auxiliaries of, 256-275;
life in, described, 276-288.

Lights, variety of, 62, 63, 67;
sea, 63;
secondary, 64;
harbour, 65;
the leading five, 65, 66;
their recent introduction, 66;
danger of a too great multiplicity, 66, 67;
a list of, 289-311.

Lightships, first instituted by Avery and Hamblin, 254, 255;
described, 255-257;
how managed, 257, 258;
British and Irish, 258;
of the United States, 259;
their crews, 259-261;
life on board, 261-263;
a night on board a lightship, 312-314.

Lizard lights, the, referred to, 130.

Lizard Point, lighthouses on, described, 197-199.

Longfellow, the poet, his piece on the lighthouse quoted, 279, 280.

Louis XIV. of France, anecdote of, 115, 116.

Lovet, Captain, his lease of the Eddystone rock, 113.

Lowestoff, the lighthouse at, 108.

Lucan, the Roman poet, his reference to the pharos of Alexandria, 22.

Mahogany, the, of Honduras, 144.

Maplin Sands lighthouse described, 206, 207.

Marstrand, Sweden, revolving apparatus for illumination at, 71.

Martineau, Miss, quoted, 269, 270.

May, isle of, the light on, 140.

Messina, pharos at the mole of, 13.

Michelet, M. Jules, on the Gulf of Gascony, 212;
on Cordouan and its lighthouse, 218-221.

“Moderator” lamp, the, described, 80.

Montfaucon on Roman light-towers, 14, 15;
on the pharos at Alexandria, 17, 18, 26-29;
on the etymology of the word “pharos,” 18, 19.

Morlent, author of “Monographie du Havre,” his description of
Sainte-Adresse, 225.

Needles Down, the, Isle of Wight, old lighthouse on, 97.

Needles Point, Isle of Wight, lighthouse on, erection recorded, 97, 189;
described, 189-191.

New Caledonia, the lighthouse at described, 250, 251;
inauguration of, 252.

Nore, the, lightship at, mentioned, 132.

Northern Lights, the commission of, its composition, 54, 55.

North Foreland, the, lighthouse at, 201.

Oil, the, employed in lighthouses of Great Britain and France, 81.

Ostia, pharos erected at, by Emperor Claudian, 13.

Paris, Matthew, the chronicler, cited, 23.

Past, a nation’s, importance of cherishing, 36.

“Permanent level” lamp, the, described, 80.

Pharos, island of, lighthouse erected on, 13;
position and history of, 20, 21.—_See_ Alexandria.

Pharos, etymology of the word, 18, 19;
its employment by historians, 19, 20.

Philips, Mr., the founder of the Smalls lighthouse, 133, 134.

Philo of Byzantium, his reference to the Rhodian Colossus, 47, 48.

Pliny, his account of the pharos at Alexandria, 18, 21, 22;
his reference to Boulogne, 30;
his information concerning the Colossus of Rhodes quoted, 47, 48.

Plymouth breakwater, the lighthouses at, 199.

Point of Ayre lighthouse, the, referred to, 208.

Pompey’s Pillar, historical memoranda concerning, 266-269.

_Ponts et Chaussées_, department of, in France, its functions and
functionaries, 57.

Portland Bill, the lighthouse at, mentioned, 201.

Ptolemæus, the Emperor, supposed founder of the pharos of
Alexandria, 17, 18.

Ptolemæus, the geographer, his reference to Boulogne, 30.

Puckle, Rev. J., the historian of Dover Castle, quoted, 39-41.

Puteoli, pharos at the port of, referred to, 13.

Quatrefages, M. de, quoted, 243, 244.

Ravenna, pharos erected at, by Augustus, 13.

Reflectors, the plan of, in lighthouse illumination, 70.

Renard, M., author of “Le Phares,” quoted, 10, 63, 223.

Revolving light, the, of the catoptric system, how produced, 74.

Revolving red and white light of the catoptric system, how
produced, 74, 75.

Reynaud, M. Léonce, the engineer, his erection of lighthouse at
Héaux of Bréhat, 233-240;
cited, 71.

Rhodes, the Colossus of.—_See_ Colossus.

Ronaldshay, North, the lighthouse at, mentioned, 142.

Ronsard, the French poet, his tribute to Charles IX., quoted, 20.

Rudyerd, John, his lighthouse on the Eddystone described, 113-115;
its destruction, 116-118;
a romantic episode connected with, 118, 119.

Rumford, the engineer, his efforts to increase the illuminating
power of lamps, 80.

Sainte-Adresse, the vale of, described, 225;
origin of the word, 225, 226.

Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de, the French writer, 226-228.

Scilly Isles, wrecks on the, 196.

Scotland, coast of, administration of lights on, 139-141.

Scott, Sir Walter, quoted, 145.

Sea-birds as lighthouse signals, 107.

Serapion, the, historical memoranda concerning, 266, 269.

Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, wrecked on Scilly Isles, 196.

Sigeum, pharos erected on the promontory of, 13.

Skerries, the, Stevenson’s lighthouse on, 141, 142.

Skerryvore Rock, the, its position, 171;
danger and desolation, 172;
Mr. Alan Stevenson’s inspection of, 172, 174.

Skerryvore Lighthouse, the story of its erection, 174-180;
its illuminating apparatus described, 180.

Smalls lighthouse, the, its founder, 133, 134;
its engineer, 134;
and adventure of, 134-137;
a painful incident connected with, 137, 138.

Smeaton, John, his career sketched, 119, 120;
his erection of a lighthouse on Eddystone described, 121-129.

Smiles, Mr. Samuel, cited, 110, 119, 122, 129.

Sostrates, architect of the pharos of Alexandria, story of, 17, 18.

South Foreland, lighthouse on the, 282.

South Stock lighthouse, warning apparatus at, 107.

Southey, the poet, his ballad of “Ralph the Rover,” 147-149.

St. Agnes Light, the, mentioned, 130.

Start Point, lights at, referred to, 130;
Stevenson’s erection of a beacon at, 142-144.

St. Catherine’s Down, old lighthouse on, 192;
proposed new lighthouse on, 97, 192.

St. Catherine’s Point, lighthouse on, referred to, 192, 193.

Stevenson, Mr. Thomas, the engineer, quoted, 66, 72, 76, 85, 88, 89;
his holophotal system of illumination, 91, 92, 94;
his marine dynamometer, 98;
his suggestions for lighting beacons and buoys, 169, 170.

Stevenson, Mr. Alan, quoted, 103, 104, 121;
his inspection of the Skerryvore Rock, 172-174;
erection of a lighthouse on the Skerryvore, 174-180;
account of the Skerryvore quoted from, 172, _passim_.

Stevenson, Mr. Robert, his erection of a lighthouse on the
Skerries, 141, 142;
the story of his Bell Rock lighthouse, 149-164;
his erection of a beacon on Carr Rock, 168;
quoted from, 142, _passim_.

St. Hilaire, the church of, its conflagration described by
Gregory of Tours, 19.

Strabo, the historian, his reference to the pharos at Capio, 14;
his account of the Colossus of Rhodes, 44;
his mention of the Pillar of Hercules, 265, 266.

Suetonius, the historian, cited, 13.

Sunderland, the lighthouse at, its erection described, 182-186.

Teulère, the engineer, his studies and inventions in lighthouse
illumination, 70, 71.

_Thames_, the, steamer, wrecked on Scilly Isles, 196.

Thetis, the ocean-goddess, legend of, 12.

Thucydides, the historian, quoted, 43.

Tithonus, legend of, 12.

Tour de Cordouan, lamp in, described by Mr. Stevenson, 88.

Tour d’Ordre, the, of Boulogne, built by Caligula, 130;
early history of, 31;
destruction of, 32;
the tribute connected with, 32;
description of its remains, 35, 36;
the worthy substitute for, 36, 37.

Tradition, how carelessly accepted, 43.

Trinity House, history of, summarized, 50-53;
interior organization of, 53, 54;
functions of its members, 54;
the building, described by Esquiros, 58-61.

United Kingdom, number of lighthouses in, enumerated, 56.

Unst, North, island of, lighthouse at, described, 181.

Ventilation for lighthouses, Professor Faraday’s system of,
stated, 101, 102.

Virgil, the poet, quoted, 196.

Vivian, the engineer of Cayenne, on the Enfant Perdu, 250.

Vossius, Isaac, story of the Alexandrian pharos, quoted from, 26.

Walde, the lighthouse of, referred to, 250.

White, Walter, quoted, 193, 194, 200, 201.

Whiteside, the engineer of the Smalls lighthouse, an
adventure of, 134-137.

Wight, isle of, lights of, mentioned, 131.

Wilde, Mr., of Manchester, his invention of an electro-magnetic
apparatus for lighthouse illumination, 83, 84.

Winstanley, Henry, his eccentric genius, 109;
the erection of his lighthouse on the Eddystone described, 110-113.

Wolf’s Crag lighthouse, the, described, 195, 196.

Wordsworth, the poet, on Grace Darling, 281.

Zach, the Baron de, cited, 10, 11.

List of Illustrations.

Eddystone Lighthouse (_Frontispiece_).

The Beacon Fire, 1

A Roman Pharos, 15

A Medal of Apameia, 16

Ancient Pharos of Alexandria, 23

Modern Lighthouse of Alexandria, 27

Tour d’Ordre of Boulogne, 33

The Tower at Dover, 39

The Colossus of Rhodes, 45

Trinity House, 58

Lighthouse on a Rocky Headland, 64

Catoptric Apparatus, 72

An Argand Fountain Lamp, 74

Revolving Apparatus on the Catoptric Principle, 75

Annular-built Lens, 78

Electric Apparatus for Fixed Light, 82

Annular Lens of First Order, 85

Diagram, Illustrating Progress of Luminous Ray in a
Catadioptric Ring, 87

Fresnel’s Revolving Light, 90

Stevenson’s Holophotal Light, 91

Stevenson’s Fixed Light varied by Flashes, 92

Fresnel’s Fixed Light Apparatus, 93

French Fixed Light Apparatus, 93

Cupola of First-class Lighthouse, 100

Sea-Birds attracted by Lighthouse Rays, 105

Winstanley’s Eddystone Lighthouse, 111

Smeaton’s Lighthouse at the Eddystone, 127

The Lightship at the Nore, 131

The Smalls Lighthouse, 135

Inchkeith Lighthouse, 146

Building the Bell Rock Lighthouse, 150

The Bell Rock Lighthouse, 163

Skerryvore Lighthouse, 178

North Unst Lighthouse, 183

Transporting a Lighthouse, 187

Needles Lighthouse, 190

Wolf’s Crag Lighthouse, 195

Bishop Rock Lighthouse, 197

Lizard Point Lighthouse, 198

Plymouth Breakwater Lighthouse, 199

North Foreland Lighthouse, 201

South Foreland Lighthouse, 202

Holyhead Lighthouse, 203

Kinsale Lighthouse, 204

Fastnet Rock Lighthouse, 205

Maplin Sands Lighthouse, 206

Alguada Reef Lighthouse, 209

Ancient Tower of Cordouan, 215

Present Lighthouse of Cordouan, 219

Interior of Cordouan Lighthouse, 222

Lighthouse of Cape La Hève, 229

Erection of Lighthouse at the Héaux, 241

Lighthouse of the Enfant Perdu, 247

Lighthouse at New Caledonia, 251

The Lightship, 257

Pompey’s Pillar, 267

A Floating Beacon, 271

The Arnish Beacon, 274

Eddystone Lighthouse in a Storm, 283

Girdleness Lighthouse, 298

Whalsey Skerries Lighthouse, 300

Ship Rock of Sanda Lighthouse, 301

Transcriber’s notes:

In the text version, italics are represented by _underscores_, and bold and black letter text by =equals= symbols. Superscripts are represented by ^{} and subscripts by _{}

Missing or incorrect punctuation has been repaired. Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation have been left as printed.

Greek words in the text can be rendered onto ascii as follows:—

p. 11. tyrris τύῤῥις
p. 13. Anaplous Bosporon Αναπλους Βοσπόονρ
p. 19. phôs φὼς
horan ὁρἀν
phainein ϕαἰνειν
phaneros ϕανερός
phaneros, pharos ϕανερός, ϕάρος
p. 20. Eunostos Εὔνοστος
p. 77. Footnote 21
dioptron δίοπτρον
Dioptron Δίοπτρον
dia διἁ
hoptomai ὅπτομαι
p. 94. Footnote 22.
holos ὅλος
phôs φὼς
p. 265. stêlai στῆλαι

The following changes have been made

p. 79. emananting changed to emanating p. 142. Rolandshay changed to Ronaldshay p. 285. montony changed to monotony p. 299. Ronaldsha changed to Ronaldshay p. 322. (the Index of Illustrations) Fresner's changed to Fresnel's p. 322. Cordouan is used but the illustration caption uses Cordova. This has been left as printed.