Chapter IX: Part 9

The versatility and sturdy commonsense of Brahms were now in evidence. In business affairs he was ready, decisive and systematic. And the delicacy, tact and charming good-nature he ever showed, reveal the man as a most extraordinary figure. Great talent is often bought at a price--how well we know this, especially with musicians! But Brahms was sane on all subjects. He could take care of his own affairs, lend a needed hand with others, but never meddle--smile with that half-sardonic grimace at all foolish little things, weep with the stricken when calamity came; yet above it all the little man towered, carrying himself like the giant that he was. And yet he never made the mistake of taking himself too seriously. "I am trying to run opposition to Michelangelo's 'Moses,'" he once called to Dietrich, as he leaned out of the window in the sunshine, and stroked his flowing beard. In his later years many have testified to this Jovelike quality that Brahms diffused by his presence. No one could come into his aura and fail to feel his sense of power. Around such souls is a sacred circle--if you are allowed to come within this boundary, it is only by sufferance; within this space only the pure in heart can dwell.

* * * * *

Tolstoy in "Anna Karenina" speaks of that quiet and constant light to be seen on the faces of those who are successful--those who know that their success is acknowledged by the world.

Brahms was a successful man by temperament, for success (like East Aurora) is a condition of mind. There is no tragedy for those who do not accept tragedy; and the treatment we receive from others is only our own reflected thought.

Brahms thought well of everybody, if he thought of any one at all. He reveled in the sunshine, and everywhere made friends of children. "We saw Brahms on the hotel veranda at Domodossola," wrote a young woman to me in Eighteen Hundred Ninety-five, "and what do you think?--he was on all fours, with three children on his back, riding him for a horse!"

For many years Brahms used to make an annual pilgrimage to Italy, and often on these tours at fairs he would fall in with Gipsy bands. At such times he would always stop and listen, and would lustily applaud the performance. On one such occasion, Dietrich tells, the leader recognized Brahms, and instantly rapped for silence. He was seen to pass the whispered word along, and then the band struck up one of Brahms' pieces, greatly to the delight of the composer.

He was a man of the people, and I am glad to know that he hated a table d'hote, smiled a smile of derision at all dress-coats, had small sympathy with pink teas, loved his friends, doted on babies, and was never so happy as when in the country walking along grass-grown lanes in the early summer morning, when the dew was on and the air was melodious with the song of birds. He had a habit of going bareheaded, carrying his hat in his hand; and on these country walks, always with bared head, he would sing or whistle, and unconsciously in his mind the music would be taking shape that was to be written out later in the quiet of his study.

Brahms knew the world--not simply one little part of it--he knew it as thoroughly as any man can, and was interested in it all. He knew the world of workers--the toilers and bearers of burdens. He knew the weak and the vicious, and his heart went out to them in sympathy; for he knew his own heart and realized the narrow margin that separates the so-called "good" from the alleged "bad." He knew that sin is only a wrong expression of life, and reacts to the terrible disadvantage of the sinner.

He was interested in mechanics--bookbinding, printing, iron-working, carpentry, and was well acquainted with all new inventions and labor-saving devices. He knew the methods of farming, the different breeds of cattle; he knew what soil would produce best a certain crop, and understood "rotation." He could call the wild birds by name and imitate their notes, and studied long their haunts and habits. That excellent man and talented, George Herschel, in a letter to a friend speaks of walking with Johannes Brahms along the highway, and Brahms suddenly calling in alarm, "Look out! look out! you may kill it!"

It was only a tumblebug, but he shrank from putting foot on any living thing. Brahms reverenced all life, and felt in his heart that he was brother to that bug in the dust, to the birds that chirruped in the hedgerows, and to the trees that lifted their outstretching branches to the sun.

He was deeply religious--although he never knew it. All music is a hymn of praise, a song of thanksgiving, a chant of faith. Music is a making manifest to our dull ears the divine harmony of the universe, and thus all music is sacred music, and all true musicians are priests, for by their ministrations we are made to realize our Oneness with the Whole. Through music we read the Universal.

Music is the only one of the arts that can not be prostituted to a base use. We hear of bad books, of the "Index Expurgatorius," and in every State there are laws against the publication of immoral books and indecent pictures. We also hear of orders issued by the courts requiring certain statues to be removed or veiled, but no indictment can be brought against music. It is the only one of the arts that is always pure.

Brahms realized this and felt the dignity of his office, holding high the standard; and yet he knew that the toilers in the fields were doing a service to humanity, just as necessary as his own. And possibly this is why he uncovered, walking with bared head. All is holy, all is good--it is all God's world, and all the men and women in it are His children.

* * * * *

For forty-two years Brahms was the devoted friend of Clara Schumann. She was thirteen years his senior, yet their spirits were as children together. From the first he was to her, "Johannes," and she was "Clara" to him. A few of their letters have been published in the "Revue des deux Mondes," and this woman, who was a great-grandmother, and had sixty years before captured a world, then in her seventy-fifth year, wrote to her "Dear Johannes" with all the gentle fervor of a girl of twenty, congratulating him on some recent success. In reply he writes back to his "Dear Clara" in gracious banter; mentions rheumatism in his legs as an excuse for bad penmanship; hopes she is keeping up her practise; tells of a "Steinway Grand" that some one has sent him, and regrets that she does not come to try it "four hands," as he has failed utterly to get out of it alone the melody that he knows is there.

Brahms never married--the bond between himself and Clara was too sacred to allow another to sever or share it. And yet the relationship was so high, so frank, so openly avowed, that no breath of scandal has ever smirched it.

The purity and excellence of it all has been its own apology, as love ever should be its own excuse for being.

For about three months every year these two friends dwelt near each other. Together they worked, composed, sang, read, wrote and roamed the woods. "None of Madame Schumann's children is as young as she is," wrote Doctor Hanslick, when Clara was sixty and Johannes was forty-seven. "With the hope of passing for her father, Brahms is cultivating a patriarchal beard," continues Hanslick.

In his essay on "Friendship," Emerson speaks of the folly of forcing our personal presence on the friend we love best, and of the faith that ideality brings. Something of this thought is shown in the letters of Madame Schumann to Brahms, and in his to her.

Often for six months they would not meet, he doing his work in his own way, she doing hers, but each ever conscious of the life and love of the other--feeding on the ideal--writing or not writing, but glorying in each other's triumphs--lives linked first by the love of a third person, cemented by dire calamity, and then fused by a oneness of hope and aspiration.

Brahms' nature was too decidedly masculine, that is to say, one-sided, to exist without the love of woman; Clara Schumann, gentle, generous, motherly, plastic, needed Johannes no less than he needed her.

When Clara's spirit passed away, in May, Eighteen Hundred Ninety-six, Brahms attended her funeral at Frankfort. Hero that he was in body and spirit, the shock unnerved him. No rebound came--every bodily faculty seemed to have lost its buoyancy. The doctors tried to cheer him by telling him that he had no organic ailment, and that twenty years of life and work were before him. He knew better, and told them so. Men do not live any longer than they wish to. "Shall I live to see the anniversary of her death?" asked Brahms of the doctor in March, Eighteen Hundred Ninety-seven. "Oh, undoubtedly--you can live many years if you only will to," was the answer. Three weeks later--on April Third--Max Kalbrech telegraphed to Widmann, this message, "Brahms fell asleep early this morning."

SO HERE ENDETH "LITTLE JOURNEYS TO THE HOMES OF GREAT MUSICIANS,"
BEING VOLUME FOURTEEN OF THE SERIES, AS WRITTEN BY ELBERT HUBBARD:
EDITED AND ARRANGED BY FRED BANN; BORDERS AND INITIALS BY ROYCROFT
ARTISTS, AND PRODUCED BY THE ROYCROFTERS, AT THEIR SHOPS, WHICH ARE
IN EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK, MCMXXII

+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's note: The index covers the complete set of "Little | |Journeys" books. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

INDEX

(_Compiled for Wm. H. Wise & Co., by John T. Hoyle, Managing Editor "The Fra" Magazine._)

Abbey, Edwin A., birth of, vi, 305;
evolution of the art of, vi, 312;
work of, in the Boston Public Library, vi, 323;
studio of, vi, 322;
George W. Childs and, vi, 309;
Henry James on, vi, 311.

Abbotsford, home of Sir Walter Scott, iv, 321.

Abbott, John S. C., iii, 7;
his life of Napoleon, vi, 129.

Abbott, Lyman, on H. W. Beecher, vii, 378.

Abildgaard, the painter, Thorwaldsen and, vi, 105.

Ability, a bucolic estimate of, viii, 173.

Abnegation, v, 243.

Abolition, v, 205;
in New England, vii, 408.

Abraham, x, 19.

_Abraham_, Rembrandt's, iv, 63.

Abstinence, v, 248.

_Account of the English Poets_, Addison, v, 246.

Achievement, the price of, v, 135.

Acton, Lord, i, 60.

_Adam Bede_, Eliot, i, 59; v, 148.

Adams, Brooks, _The Law of Civilization and Decay_, xii, 89.

Adams, John, iii, 79, 251, 239;
quoted, iii, 89.

Adams, John Quincy, mother of, iii, 143;
marriage of, iii, 145;
president, iii, 146;
member of Congress, iii, 146;
death of, iii, 146;
on business, ix, 131;
on Thomas Paine, ix, 158.

Adams, Maude, i, p xxvii; xii, 169.

Adams, Samuel,
letter of, to Arthur Lee, iii, 78;
politics of, iii, 80;
part of, in the Boston uprising, iii, 81;
member of the Calkers' Club, iii, 85;
as a member of the Congress of the Colonies, iii, 91;
characteristics of, iii, 94;
place in history of, iii, 95, 251;
typical Puritan, iii, 232;
quoted, iii, 240.

Adams, Sarah Flower, v, 48.

Addison, Joseph, iii, 60;
birthplace of, v, 239;
the perfect English gentleman, v, 239;
education of, v, 244;
travels of, v, 247;
under-secretary of State, v, 252;
Parliamentary experience of, v, 252;
meeting of, with Steele, v, 254;
his connection with the _Tatler_ and the _Spectator_, v, 254;
referred to, v, 294;
on Plato, x, 121.

Adirondack Murray, vii, 375.

Adler, Felix, ix, 282;
preaching of, vii, 310.

Adolescence, Dr. Charcot on, xii, 23.

_Adoration of the Magi_, Botticelli, vi, 70.

Adversity, uses of, i, 110.

Æschines, disciple of Socrates, viii, 29.

Æschylus, ii, 28.

_Æsthetic England_, Walter Hamilton, xiii, 272.

Affectation, v, 238.

_Africa_, Petrarch, xiii, 239.

Agassiz, Louis, xi, 419; xii, 407;
Darwinism and, xii, 230;
Thoreau and, viii, 417;
compared with Disraeli, v, 338.

Age, of enlightenment, viii, 271;
of Herbert Spencer, viii, 354;
of Michelangelo, iv, 6;
of Rembrandt, iv, 78.

_Age of Reason, The_, Thomas Paine, ix, 157, 160, 179.

Agitators, personality of, vii, 409.

Agnosticism, x, 342.

Agnostic School, the, xii, 327.

Agriculture, Humboldt on, xii, 140.

_Aida_, Verdi, xiv, 294.

_Aids to Reflection_, Coleridge, v, 313.

Alameda smile, the, viii, 365.

Alaska, population of, iv, 128.

Albert memorial, i, 314.

Alcibiades, Socrates and, viii, 29;
Nero compared with, viii, 71.

Alcott, Bronson, viii, 403; Emerson and, viii, 405; xi, 392; Socrates compared with, viii, 27.

Alcott, Louisa, on the death of Thoreau, viii, 428.

Alden, John, iii, 135.

Alden, John B., i, p xxxv.

Alderney, island of, i, 195.

Aldus, on the Bellinis, vi, 253.

Alexander the Great, iii, 119; iv, 160;
Aristotle and, viii, 93;
Diogenes and, viii, 96.

Alexander VI, Pope, vi, 43.

Ali Baba, i, p xv; ii, p x; vii, 189.

Allegri, Antonio, of Correggio, vi, 232.

Allen, Grant, educator, iv, 288;
quoted, viii, 18;
on sparrows, viii, 400.

_All Sorts and Conditions of Men_, Besant, i, 262.

Allston, American artist, iv, 318.

_Almagest, The_, Ptolemy, xii, 99.

Alma-Tadema, painter, vi, 14.

_Almighty, The_, Rembrandt, iv, 63.

Almsgiving, xi, 15.

Alsatia, reference to, iii, 281.

Alschuler, Sam, ix, 283.

Altgeld, John P., x, 65, 111;
as an orator, vii, 22.

Altruistic injury, law of, xi, 390.

Amazons, the, iv, 9.

Ambition, iii, 260; iv, 46.

Ambrosian Library, Milan, vi, 52.

Ambrosius, Bishop Georgius, iii, 101.

_Amelia_, Fielding, iv, 302.

America, art in, iv, 282;
Ary Scheffer's interest in, iv, 235;
Blue Book of, i, p vi;
famous paintings in, iv, 142;
freedom in, vi, 146;
Richard Cobden on, ix, 142;
the greatest need of, vii, 38.

American institutions, Bruce on, iii, 75.

American natural oil, xi, 371.

American Revolution, Sons of, iii, 95.

American travelers in Ireland, i, 155.

American Undertakers' Association, i, 230.

_Americanization of the World, The_, W. T. Stead, vi, 341.

_American Note-Book_, Dickens, viii, 297.

Americans in England, ii, 95.

Amiel's Journal, vi, 273.

Anabasis, Xenophon, iii, 119.

Ananias and Sapphira referred to, ii, 217.

_Anatomy Lesson, The_, Rembrandt, iv, 59.

Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher, xii, 98, 369;
pupil of Pythagoras, x, 71;
teacher of Pericles, vii, 17;
work of, i, 343.

Anaximander, Greek philosopher, xii, 368.

Ancestor worship, x, 19, 59.

_Ancient Mariner, The_, Coleridge, v, 305.

Andersen, Hans Christian, on Thorwaldsen, vi, 93.

Anderson, Mary, vi, 321.

_Anecdotes of Painting_, Walpole, iv, 101.

_Angelus, The_, Millet, iv, 281; vi, 215.

Anglican church, Voltaire on the, viii, 297.

Animality, vi, 71.

_Animal Kingdom, The_, Swedenborg, viii, 194.

Animal magnetism, x, 342.

_Annabel Lee_, Edgar Allan Poe, xiii, 256.

_Anna Karenina_, Tolstoy, xiv, 351.

_Ansidei_, Raphael, vi, 29.

Anthony, Susan B., ii, 52;
Dr. Buckley's opinion of, i, 135.

Anti-Corn-Law League, the, ix, 147, 236.

Anti-Masonic party, iii, 266.

Antisthenes, the Cynic, friend of Socrates, viii, 28.

Antoninus, Roman emperor, character of, viii, 120.

Antony, Mark, Cleopatra and, vii, 63;
Cæsar and, vii, 54;
oration of, vii, 59;
death of, vii, 76.

Antwerp, Spanish influence in, iv, 81;
Venice compared with, xiv, 224.

A. P. A., the, iii, 265.

Apollo referred to, i, 279.

Apostle of negation, the American, v, 27.

Apostle of the ugly, Beardsley, vi, 31.

Apostolic succession, i, 114; v, 289.

Appleton, Daniel, American publisher, ix, 58.

Appreciation, vi, 238.

Approbation, xiv, 81.

Aquarellists, the, vi, 320.

Archbold, John D., xi, 379.

Architecture, Middle Ages in, v, 14.

Ariosto, Ludovico, sonnet to Gian Bellini, vi, 254.

Aristides the Just, iii, 244;
friend of Socrates, viii, 28.

Aristocracy, iv, 242.

Aristophanes, i, 342;
on the Pythagorean philosophy, x, 73;
on Cheropho, viii, 27;
quoted, vii, 32;
of heaven, Heine's estimate of, i, 147.

Aristotle, xii, 99, 224, 370;
quoted, viii, 93;
the world's first naturalist, i, 341;
on happiness, viii, 82;
Leonardo compared with, viii, 91;
influence of, viii, 109;

Kant compared with, viii, 154;
Alexander the Great and, viii, 93;
the Stagirite, viii, 86;
Plato and, viii, 88; x, 114;
the world's first scientist, xii, 265;
John Ray on, xii, 275;
Moses compared with, x, 13;
on science, xi, 386.

Armour, Philip D., father of the packing-house industry, xi, 178;
boyhood of, xi, 167;
epigrams of, xi, 183;
David Swing and, xi, 186;
Joseph Leiter and, xi, 200;
Nelson Morris and, xi, 189;
Robert Collyer and, xi, 185;
in California, xi, 174;
business ideals of, xi, 199.

Armstrong, Gen. Samuel C., founder of Hampton Institute, x, 198.

Arnold, Matthew, quoted, v, 148; viii, 267;
Frederic Chopin and, xiv, 103;
Tennyson and, v, 80;
in America, x, 220;
home of, i, 218.

Arnold of Brescia, x, 223.

Arnold, Sir Edwin, as a lecturer, vii, 377.

Arnold, Thomas, a teacher of teachers, x, 222;
education of, x, 226;
as head master of Rugby, x, 231;
Judge Lindsey compared with, x, 241;
parents of, x, 225;
the genius of, x, 234;
Thomas Jefferson compared with, x, 241.

Arouet, Francois Marie, birthname of Voltaire, viii, 275.

Arrested development, v, 72; vi, 175.

Art, iv, 135; v, 183, 215;
definition of, i, p xl; vi, 17;
Venetian school of, vi, 255;
Wagner on, xiv, 22;
laws of, viii, 99;
for art's sake, i, 281;
roguery in, i, 241;
of the ugly, vi, 73;
of mentation, Spencer, viii, 355;
Wagner's essay on, iv, 260;
controlled by fad and fashion, iv, 220;
the Bible in, iv, 58;
the mintage of the soul, vi, 156;
evolution and, iv, 159;
the seven immortals of, vi, 244;
in the Middle Ages, vi, 17;
patriotism and, vi, 321;
sublimity and, x, 38.

Artist, the, described, i, 132;
illustrator and, difference between, iv, 329;
Whistler on the, vi, 353;
personality of the true, vi, 178.

Artistic conscience, the, iv, 133; vi, 177; x, 363.

Artistic jealousy, vi, 176, 275.

Artistic roustabouts, vi, 300.

Artists, two classes of, iv, 49;
as teachers, iv, 53.

Asbury, Francis, Methodist missionary, ix, 50.

Asceticism, v, 105, 124, 235;
sensuality and, vi, 91.

Aspasia, wife of Pericles, vii, 26;
Socrates and, vii, 32; viii, 20.

Asser, father of English history, x, 139.

_Assumption, The_, Titian, iv, 151, 167.

Astor, John Jacob, boyhood of, xi, 205;
as a fur-trader, xi, 211;
prophecies of, xi, 213;
marriage of, xi, 214;
Thomas Jefferson and, xi, 221;
Fitz-Greene Halleck and, xi, 227.

Astoria, history of, xi, 221.

Astrology as a profession, xii, 184;
astronomy and, xii, 97;
Dean Swift's ridicule of, i, 149.

Astronomy, Chinese, xii, 97;
the study of, xii, 176.

Astuteness, John Fiske on, viii, 250.

_As You Like It_, Shakespeare, v, 119.

Atavism, vi, 97.

Athens, i, 321; iv, 13;
climate of, viii, 28;
decline of, iii, 232.

Atterbury, Bishop, reference to, i, 124.

Attila, i, 238.

Auburn, village of, i, 283.

Audubon, the naturalist, v, 133.

Augustus, age of, ix, 94;
the boast of, viii, 48.

Austen, Jane, novels of, ii, 247;
family of, ii, 243;
home of, ii, 249;
friends of, ii, 254;
characters of, ii, 253;
referred to, v, 294.

Austin, Hon. James T., attorney-general of Massachusetts, vii, 407.

Australia, animals of, xii, 388.

Authors, favorite, vi, 244;
troubles of, v, 308.

Autobiography, xiii, 313.

_Autobiography_, J. S. Mill, xiii, 153.

Avon, the river, i, 301.

Aztecs, the, vi, 70.

Babel, tower of, iv, 115.

Bacchus, Michelangelo's statue of, iv, 19.

Bachelors, classification of, viii, 290;
two kinds of, xi, 325.

Bach, Johann Sebastian, xiv, 137;
home life of, xiv, 155;
Michelangelo compared with, xiv, 137.

Bacon, Lord, referred to, iii, 37;
Shakespeare and, vi, 47.

Baedeker's description of Stratford, i, 312;
description of London, ii, 118.

Baer, Karl von, xii, 371.

_Ballad of Boullabaisse_, Thackeray, i, 241.

Ball family, the, xi, 404.

Ballou, Hosea, and Thomas Paine compared, ix, 184.

Balmoral, home of Queen Victoria, iv, 324.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, formation of, xi, 247.

Balzac and Madame De Berney, xiii, 282;
Napoleon and, xiii, 279;
on literary reputation, xiii, 209;
Victor Hugo on, xiii, 308;
_Contes Drolatiques_, iv, 338.

Banbury Cross, i, 301.

Bancroft, historian, quoted, iii, 48.

Bandello and Leonardo, vi, 50.

Baptists, Hook-and-Eye, v, 236.

Barbarelli, Giorgio, vi, 258.

Barbary pirates, the, iv, 295.

Barbecue defined, vii, 247.

Barbers' university, a, iii, 237.

Barbizon, hills of, iv, 339;
school, the, vi, 189;
village of, iv, 278.

Barnabee, Henry Clay, i, p xxvii.

Barnum and Bailey Circus, iii, 194.

Barnum of Science, the, i, 163.

Barnum of Theology, the, i, 163.

Barnum, Phineas T., iv, 344; xii, 383; xiv, 90, 319.

Barons, age of the, xi, 306.

Barrett, Elizabeth, ii, 239; v, 58.

Barrie, James, xiii, 11;
on the Scotch, xi, 263.

Barr, Robert, i, p xxvii.

Bartenders, American, vii, 214.

Bartol, Dr. C. A., on Starr King, vii, 313.

Bartolomeo, the friend of Raphael, vi, 23.

Bartolomeo, the friend of Savonarola, vi, 24.

Bashfulness, Emerson on, v, 248.

Bashkirtseff, Marie, diary of, vi, 273.

Bastile, iii, 72.

Bates, Joshua, on Starr King, vii, 317.

Bath, English watering-place, xii, 167.

_Battle of Wad Ras_, Fortuny, iv, 219.

Bayreuth, home of Wagner, xiv, 35.

Beaconsfield, Earl of, quoted, v, 41.

Bear-baiting, v, 238.

Beard, Dr. Charles, description of Luther's trial, vii, 145.

Beardsley, Aubrey, iv, 159; vi, 73;
the apostle of the ugly, vi, 81.

_Beata Beatrix_, Rossetti, xiii, 270.

Beau Brummel, ii, 197.

Beaumont, Sir George, and the Wordsworths, i, 215.

Beau Nash, xiii, 412;
"the King of Bath," vi, 141.

Beauty, v, 237; xiv, 26;
intellect and, x, 277;
Greek idealization of, iv, 9.

Beecher, Henry Ward, vi, 148; xi, 258;
boyhood of, vii, 352;
influence of, vii, 345;
a man's preacher, vii, 356;
ministries of, vii, 356;
parents of, vii, 348;
preaching of, viii, 173;
wife of, vii, 368;
Lyman Abbott and, vii, 378;
Dr. E. H. Chapin and, vii, 320;
Robert Ingersoll and, vii, 357;
Lincoln and, vii, 379;
Lincoln compared with, vii, 348;
Major Pond and, vii, 360;
Talmage compared with, vii, 359;
the Tiltons and, vii, 364;
Rufus Choate on, vii, 359;
on elocution, viii, 54; vi, 187;
on the human heart, vii, 344;
on Henry Thoreau, viii, 424.

Beecher, Lyman, logician, vii, 348;
W. L. Garrison and, vii, 395.

Beecher, Sarah Porter, vii, 351.

Beechers, the, ii, 115.

Beef-eaters, the, v, 46.

Beethoven, Ludwig van, xiv, 234;
blindness of, viii, 346;
influence of, on Wagner, xiv, 245.

_Beggar, A_, Rembrandt, iv, 63.

_Beggar's Opera, The_, Gay, viii, 295.

Beilhart, Jacob, ix, 283.

Bellamy, Edward, iii, 261; x, 117.

Bellini, Gentile, vi, 252;
Giovanni and, iv, 156;
the Turkish Sultan and, vi, 261.

Bellini, Gian, vi, 252;
Mrs. Oliphant's estimate of, vi, 248;
pupils of, vi, 254.

Bellini, Giovanni, vi, 256.

Bellini, Jacopo, iv, 60, 99; vi, 252.

_Bells and Pomegranates_, Browning, v, 58.

Benedictines, ii, 23;
industry of the, x, 318.

Bentham, Jeremy, jurist, xi, 34;
Mill on, v, 289.

Bergerac, Cyrano de, quoted, xi, 200.

Berlitz method, the, ii, 245.

Bernhardt, Sara, viii, 278; xiv, 266.

Besant, Annie, Theosophist, x, 342;
Charles Bradlaugh and, ix, 266.

Besant, Walter, i, 262; iii, 189.

Bessemer, Sir Henry, xi, 278.

Beveridge, Sen. Albert J., xi, 24.

Bible, Dore's illustrations of, iv, 388;
in art, iv, 58.

Bibliotheke, the, i, p xxvi.

Bigelow, Poultney, and Herbert Spencer, viii, 189.

Bigotry, vii, 30.

Billingsgate fish market, i, 259.

Biographies, machine-made, ii, 17;
the writing of, vi, 129.

Biography, Edmund Gosse on, vii, 346;
James Anthony Froude on, vii, 347;
writers of, ii, 17.

Biology, Humboldt on, xii, 140.

Birrell, Augustine, the English essayist, quoted, i, 143; v, 176, 218;
on George Henry Lewes, viii, 339;
on Ruskin, vi, 126.

_Birth of Venus, The_, Botticelli, vi, 69.

Bishop of outsiders, Henry George, ix, 69.

Bispham, David, i, p xxvii.

_Blacksmith, The_, Whistler, vi, 177.

Blackstone, xii, 179;
Burke and, vii, 164;
_Commentaries_, i, 295;
referred to, i, 295.

Blaine, James G., Roscoe Conkling and, vii, 23;
compared with Henry Clay, iii, 222.

Blair, John, v, 163.

Blake, Admiral, and Oliver Cromwell, ix, 332.

Blake, Harrison, friend of Thoreau, viii, 424.

Blake, William, birth of, ii, 124.

Blanc, Louis, i, 56.

Blenheim, battle of, v, 250.

_Blessed Damozel, The_, D. C. Rossetti, ii, 123; iv, 51; v, 16; xiii, 255.

Blessington, Lady, and Lord Byron, v, 21.

_Blithedale Romance_, Hawthorne, viii, 402.

"Bloody Monday" at Harvard, i, 192.

Bloomington, Ill., birthplace of Republican Party, iii, 287.

Blue Book of America, i, p vi.

Blue-coat school, ii, 218.

Blue Grass Aristocracy, iii, 212.

Boarding-schools, viii, 369;
English, ix, 135.

Boccaccio and Petrarch, xiii, 232.

_Body and Mind_, Maudsley, viii, 191.

Boer war, the, vii, 35.

Boleyn, Anne, ii, 198.

Bolingbroke, Viscount, vii, 168.

Bonaparte, Joseph, i, 185.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, ii, 267.

Bonheur, Rosa, v, 107; xiii, 22; xiv, 267;
father of, ii, 155;
birth of, ii, 155;
Paris home of, ii, 156;
success of, ii, 150;
home of, at By, ii, 147; vi, 213;
the Barbizon School and, vi, 213.

Book-agents, Joseph Cannon on, viii, 349.

Book-collectors, v, 44.

Bookmaking, early, iv, 55.

Book of Rules, St. Benedict, x, 324.

Bookplate, Washington's, iii, 8.

Bookplates, iv, 120.

Books, illumination of, i, p xxv;
Charles Lamb's love of, iv, 140;
Turner's opinion of, i, 132.

Boone, Daniel, iii, 216.

Borgia, Cesare, and Leonardo, vi, 43.

Borgia, Lucrezia, i, 75; v, 216; vi, 43.

Bossism, political, v, 186.

Boston Ideal Opera Company, i, p xxvii.

Boston, founding of, ix, 337;
Washington at, iii, 19.

Boston Massacre, iii, 114.

Boston Public Library, vi, 323.

Boston Thursday Lecture, ix, 358.

Boswell, i, 259; iv, 8; ix, 164; xii, 179;
biographer of Samuel Johnson, v, 145;
Goldsmith's characterization of, viii, 26;
Garrick's characterization of, viii, 26;
Reynolds and, iv, 299;
Vasari compared with, vi, 19;
quoted, i, 294.

Botany, science of, xii, 268.

Botticelli, Sandro, iv, 28; vi, 12, 69;
_Adoration of the Magi_, vi, 70;
appearance of, vi, 70;
Burne-Jones and, vi, 71;
George Eliot on, vi, 69;
Goldsmith compared with, vi, 70;
influence of, iv, 159;
Rembrandt compared with, vi, 69;
Simonetta and, vi, 83;
_Spring_ of, vi, 78;
_Birth of Venus_ of, vi, 69;
Walter Pater on, vi, 65.

"Bottled Hate," i, 240.

Bouncers described, i, 218.

Bow-legs, vi, 308.

Boyd, Hugh Stuart, ii, 21.

Boys, Elbert Hubbard's love for, vi, 102.

Bradlaugh, Charles, Annie Besant and, ix, 266;
Gladstone and, ix, 268;
Henry Labouchere and, ix, 266;
Mark Marsden and, ix, 246;
J. S. Mill and, xiii, 171;
John Morley and, ix, 271;
biography of, ix, 243;
Paine and Ingersoll compared with, ix, 243;
law practise of, ix, 256;
on the clergy, xii, 154;
services of, ix, 243;
wife of, ix, 255.

Brahms, Johannes, and the Schumanns, xiv, 337.

Brain power described, i, 342.

Brain versus Brawn, vi, 51.

Bramante, Italian architect, iv, 26.

Brann the Iconoclast, ix, 97.

Brantwood, i, 88.

Brashear, John, maker of telescopes, xii, 178.

Breathing habit, the, viii, 159.

Breeds in birds and animals, ix, 275.

Breton, Jules, ix, 198.

Bridge of Sighs, Venice, iv, 150; v, 200.

Bright, John, Robert Owen and, ix, 226;
Richard Cobden and, ix, 149, 231;
Gladstone on, ix, 238;
on the Corn Laws, ix, 216;
Sir Robert Peel on, ix, 238;
on taxation, ix, 228.

Bright, Dr. Richard, physician, ix, 224.

Bright's Disease, iii, 123.

Brisbane, Arthur, x, 338.

British Museum, origin of, i, 124.

Broadway, the village of, vi, 319.

Brockway methods, viii, 72.

Bronco-busting, viii, 328.

Bronte, Charlotte, ii, 239;
father of, ii, 98;
mother of, ii, 99;
death of, ii, 99;
home of, ii, 107;
sisters of, ii, 108;
works of, ii, 112;
Thackeray and, i, 240;
referred to, v, 294.

Bronze, casting of, vi, 274.

Brooke, Lord, referred to, i, 303.

Brooke, Stopford, quoted, v, 78.

Brook Farm, viii, 402; x, 319;
influence of the, viii, 402;
Theodore Parker and, ix, 293.

Brookfield and Alfred Tennyson, v, 76.

Brooklyn, Washington at, iii, 24.

Brooks, Phillips, preaching of, vii, 309.

Brooks, Shirley, i, 236.

Brotherhood, of Fine Minds, the, v, 304;
of Latter-Day Swine, i, 71;
of man, ix, 133;
of Saint Luke, Antwerp, iv, 173.

Brougham, Lord, i, 108; ii, 83:
Byron and, v, 218.

Brown, Dr. John, xi, 264.

Brown, Ford Madox, ii, 125; v, 18; vi, 11;
his description of Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal, xiii, 261.

Brown, John, vii, 409;
Theodore Parker and, ix, 300;
Major Pond and, vii, 360.

Brown, Osawatomie, vi, 148.

Browning, Elizabeth B., date of birth, ii, 17;
early years of, ii, 19;
mother of, ii, 19;
father of, ii, 20;
education of, ii, 21;
London home of, ii, 27;
friends of, ii, 30;
meeting of, with Robert Browning, ii, 35;
marriage of, ii, 37;
Italian home of, ii, 38;
favorite book of, ix, 376;
grave of, v, 64;
influence of, on William Morris and Burne-Jones, v, 12;
quoted, iv, 5.

Browning, Robert, i, 96, 236; ii, 109; v, 97;
appearance of, v, 40;
his ancestry, v, 41;
grave of, v, 43;
parents of, v, 44;
life of, by Mrs. Sutherland Orr, v, 40;
habits of, v, 42;
love for Lizzie Flower, v, 48;
gipsy life of, v, 51;
his friendship for Fanny Haworth, v, 56;
his meeting with Elizabeth Barrett, ii, 35; v, 58;
his marriage, v, 61;
death of, v, 65;
homage rendered his memory, v, 66;
Elizabeth Barrett and, xiv, 125;
John Stuart Mill compared with, xiii, 170;
Rembrandt compared with, vi, 67;
Wordsworth compared with, i, 222;
on spiritual advisers, viii, 174;
quoted, iii, 41; v, 62;
love of society, v, 79.

Brown-Sequard, Dr., i, 247.

Bruno, Giordano, xii, 47;
Luther and, xii, 54;
Sir Philip Sidney and, xii, 51;
statue of, ix, 123.

Bryant, William Cullen, iv, 51; v, 97; xi, 258.

Bryce, James, on American institutions, iii, 75;
on Parnell, xiii, 204.

Buck, Dudley, on Mozart, xiv, 298.

Bucke, Dr., friend of Whitman, i, 166.

Bucke, Richard Maurice, quoted, xiii, 61.

Buckingham, Duke of, iv, 115.

Buckingham, poet, contemporary of Addison, v, 249.

Buckle, Henry Thomas, the historian, v, 196;
grave of, i, 231;
noted, iv, 42;
quoted, iii, 60; vii, 180;
referred to, v, 289.

Buckley, Dr., opinion of, regarding Susan B. Anthony, i, 135; ii, 52.

Buddha, quoted, xiii, 84.

Buffalo Bill, i, 119; ii, 149.

Buffalo Normal School, i, p xvii.

Buffon, French naturalist, xii, 370.

Builder's itch, x, 313.

Bull Run, battle of, iii, 200.

Bulwer-Lytton, and Disraeli, v, 333;
on Verdi, xiv, 274.

Bunker Hill, battle of, iii, 140.

Bunsen, Robert, German chemist, xii, 351.

Bunyan, John, and Oliver Cromwell, ix, 331.

Buonarroti, Michel Agnola, iv, 6.

Burbank, Luther, and Andrew Carnegie, xi, 290.

Burgoyne, British general, iii, 168.

_Burial of Sir David Wilkie at Sea, The_, Turner's painting, i, 138.

Burke, Edmund, ix, 164; xii, 179;
appearance of, vii, 160;
birthplace of, vii, 159;
at Bath, xii, 169;
_English Settlements in North America_, vii, 172;
Blackstone and, vii, 164;
Frances Burney and, vii, 161;
Charles Fox and, vii, 179;
William Gerard Hamilton and, vii, 174;
Warren Hastings and, vii, 161;
Samuel Johnson and, v, 162; vii, 165;
Hannah More and, vii, 161;
Thomas Paine and, ix, 173;
Reynolds and, iv, 305; vii, 160, 174;
Marquis of Rockingham and, vii, 177;
Richard Shackleton and, vii, 165;
Cicero compared with, vii, 174;
Goldsmith compared with, vii, 161;
Daniel Webster compared with, iii, 204;
influence of Bolingbroke on, vii, 168;
Macaulay on, vii, 173;
on the Hessians, xi, 149;
on the Irish, xi, 335;
on Malthus, ix, 11;
_On the Sublime_, vii, 172, 318;
_The Vindication of Natural Society_, vii, 168;
on William Pitt, vii, 186;
parentage of, vii, 159;
wife of, vii, 170;
quoted, iii, 48;
referred to, i, 280; v, 188.

Burke, John, _Peerage_, iii, 8, 210; iv, 303.

Burne-Jones, Edward, v, 12;
avatar of Giorgione, iv, 158;
avatar of Raphael, vi, 12;
Botticelli and, vi, 71;
influence of, on Morris, v, 15;
William Morris and, xiii, 254;
marriage of, ii, 125;
referred to, iii, 150.

Burney, Frances, ii, 183; xii, 183;
Reynolds and, iv, 299;
Jane Austen compared with, ii, 247;
Edmund Burke and, vii, 161.

Burns, James A., ix, 283.

Burns, Robert, worth as a poet, v, 97;
love-affairs of, v, 102;
classification of his poems, v, 103;
his moral and religious nature, v, 105;
main facts in the life of, v, 115;
as a farmer, v, 26;
Aubrey Beardsley compared with, vi, 73.

Burr, Aaron, iv, 193; vii, 191;
member of Washington's family, iii, 166;
character of, iii, 175;
parentage of, iii, 176;
attorney-general of N. Y. State, iii, 177;
vice-president, iii, 177;
quarrel of, with Alexander Hamilton, iii, 177;
duel of, with Hamilton, iii, 179;
arrest of, iii, 180;
death of, iii, 181;
U. S. Senator, iii, 177.

Burr, Margaret, wife of Gainsborough, vi, 139.

Burroughs, John, x, 249; xii, 273;
Elbert Hubbard and, xii, 376;
Rousseau and, ix, 394;
Prof. Youmans and, viii, 346;
on Henry Thoreau, viii, 423;
quoted, v, 108.

Bushnell, Uncle Billy, i, p xxv; vii, 189.

Business, as a profession, ix, 130;
success in, xi, 355.

Businessman, definition of a, xi, 315.

Butler, Ben, Wendell Phillips and, vii, 388.

Butterbriefe, vii, 126.

_Butterfly, The_, Wordsworth, i, 214.

Byron, Lord George Gordon, ii, 184, 306; iv, 196; v, 97, 203;
birth of, v, 203;
the true Byron, v, 204;
father of, v, 206;
mother of, v, 206; viii, 57;
life of, at Harrow, v, 211;
love-affairs of, v, 212;
birth of his poetic genius, v, 215;
admission to the House of Lords, v, 220;
travels of, v, 221;
meeting of, with Thomas Moore, v, 224;
marriage of, v, 226;
death of, v, 231;
corsair life of, i, 179;
Coleridge and, v, 310;
Disraeli and, v, 324;
Giorgione and, iv, 165;
Shelley and, v, 229;
Southey and, v, 281;
Thorwaldsen and, vi, 116;
Aubrey Beardsley compared with, vi, 73;
Shakespeare compared with, v, 204;
John Galt's life of, vi, 129;
opinion of, on painting, i, 134;
quoted, vii, 67; xiii, 226;
referred to, v, 50; v, 183;
poem of, on Thomas Moore, i, 157.

By, village of, ii, 146.

Cabbages and cauliflowers, vi, 67.

Cæsar, iv, 193;
character of, vii, 49;
Cleopatra and, vii, 44;
funeral of, vii, 58;
Mark Antony and, vii, 54;
Mark Antony on, vii, 49;
referred to, iii, 119; v, 185, 201.

Cæsar Augustus, nephew of Julius Cæsar, x, 125.

Caine, Hall, ii, 129.

Calamity, vii, 318.

Calcutta, i, 233.

Calhoun, John C., iii, 199.

California, ii, 241;
a land of extremes, ix, 71;
Southern, ii, 111.

Caligula, Roman emperor, ii, 195; viii, 49.

Calvert, William, and the Wordsworths, i, 215.

Calvinism, iii, 80.

Calvin, John, i, 238; ii, 183; ix, 187, 197;
referred to, v, 123;
Servetus and, ix, 201;
wife of, ix, 210.

Cambrai, Archbishop of, ii, 54.

Camden, N. J., description of, i, 168.

_Campaign, The_, Addison, v, 251.

Canada, boundary-line of, iii, 247.

Cane-rush, a college, viii, 245;
reference to, i, 192.

Canned life, vi, 170.

Canning, George, referred to, v, 188.

Cannon, Joseph, on book-agents, viii, 349.

Canova, Antonio, sculptor, vi, 107;
Thorwaldsen and, vi, 108.

Canute, king of England, x, 148.

Capitol at Washington, dome of, iv, 35.

Caprera, home of Garibaldi, ix, 121.

_Captain, My Captain_, Whitman, iv, 262.

Carlile, Mrs. Richard, suffragist, ix, 249.

Carlisle, Lord, and Byron, v, 220.

Carlyle, Thomas, i, 56; ii, 127; iv, 253;
mother of, i, 69;
father of, i, 69;
education of, i, 70;
philosophy of, i, 71;
his domestic life, i, 74;
home of, in Chelsea, i, 77;
statue of, i, 77;
Emerson and, ii, 286, vi, 155;
Simonne Evrard and, vii, 226;
eulogy of Tennyson, v, 80;
eulogy of Daniel Webster, iii, 184;
Herbert Spencer and, xii, 340;
influence of, on John Tyndall, xii, 349;
_Life of Frederick_, viii, 312;
on Oliver Cromwell, ix, 305;
on Darwin, xii, 230;
on death, xi, 407;
on John Knox, ix, 213;
on J. S. Mill, xiii, 151;
on Lord Nelson, xiii, 429;
on respectability, xi, 362;
Macaulay and, v, 182;
Milburn and, vii, 227;
quoted, iii, 40, 231; v, 85; xiii, 49;
referred to, v, 162;
remark concerning George Eliot, xiv, 95;
Taine on, viii, 312;
Jeannie Welsh and, i, 75;
his "House of Lords," ii, 57.

Carlyle Society, the, i, 79.

Carman, Bliss, xiv, 49.

Carnegie, Andrew,
beneficences of, xi, 282;
boyhood of, xi, 267;
governmental experience of, xi, 276;
James Anderson and, xi, 281;
the Bessemer steel process and, xi, 278;
Luther Burbank and, xi, 290;

Elbert Hubbard and, xi, 284;
Bill Jones and, x, 161;
the Pittsburgh bankers and, xi, 322;
Thomas A. Scott and, xi, 273;
Booker T. Washington and, xi, 290;
Lincoln compared with, xi, 295;
quoted, xi, 65; xiii, 88;
as a telegraph-operator, xi, 273.

Carnegie Hall, i, p xxxvii; xi, 282.

Carnegie libraries, xi, 286.

Carnot, president, death of, i, 202.

Carpenter, Edward, quoted, v, 101;
Walt Whitman and, x, 46.

Carrara quarries, the, iv, 26.

Cartesian philosophy, the, viii, 226.

Carthage, iii, 232.

Carus, Dr. Paul, xiv, 114;
American exponent of Monism, xii, 260.

Casabianca, xiii, 420.

Cassiodorus, vii, 114.

Caste, social, xi, 139.

Castiglione, v, 258.

Castle Garden, iii, 131; xi, 56.

Catholic clergy, celibacy of, i, 153.

Catholicism, ix, 279.

Catholics, Protestant opinions regarding, vi, 13.

_Cato_, Addison's tragedy of, v, 260.

_Cato's Soliloquy_, Addison, v, 234.

Cato, suicide of, ii, 164; v, 250.

Cats, Manx, viii, 328.

_Cat's Paw_, Landseer, iv, 321.

Cauliflowers and cabbages, vi, 67.

Cause and effect, viii, 270.

Caveat emptor, xi, 11.

Cazenovia creek, i, p xxiv.

Cebes, disciple of Socrates, viii, 29.

Celibacy of the Catholic clergy, i, 153.

Cellini, Benvenuto, boyhood of, vi, 277;
Michelangelo and, vi, 281;
Tasso and, vi, 282;
Torrigiano and, vi, 281;
Vasari and, vi, 288;
life of, in Pisa, vi, 279;
personality of, vi, 273;
in prison, vi, 289;
The _Perseus_ of, vi, 291.

Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, i, 329.

Central Music Hall, Chicago, i, p xxxvii.

Cerebrum, fatty degeneration of the, vi, 20.

Cervantes, i, 317; vi, 50.

Chaillu, Paul du, xii, 382.

_Chains of Slavery, The_, Marat, vii, 220.

Chair, the Morris, v, 21.

Chalmers, Hugh, i, p vi.

Channel Island boats, i, 195.

Channing, William Ellery, xiii, 238;
Thoreau and, viii, 397.

Chapin, Dr. E. H., and Beecher, vii, 320;
on Starr King, vii, 316.

Character, Cobden on, ix, 139;
Socrates on, viii, 27.

Charcot, Dr., on adolescence, vii, 353;
quoted, xii, 23.

Charity, v, 238; xi, 304.

Charles Albert of Piedmont, ix, 118.

Charles I, King of England, iv, 114;
execution of, ix, 332.

Charles V, Emperor of Germany, vii, 144.

Charles X, King of France, i, 191.

Charles XII of Sweden, equestrian statue of, vi, 99.

Charlestown, burning of, iii, 140.

Charmides, disciple of Socrates, viii, 29.

Charm of manner, xi, 317; xiii, 42.

Charon, referred to, v, 97.

Charterhouse School, i, 233.

Chateaubriand, quoted, iv, 258.

Chateauneuf, Abbe de, Voltaire and, viii, 278.

Chatham, Lord, referred to, i, 151;
quoted, iii, 93;
Daniel Webster compared with, iii, 204.

Chatterton, Thomas, v, 97.

Chaucer, i, 110; v, 14.

Chautauqua, i, p xxxviii.

Chavannes, Puvis de, vi, 323.

Chelsea, i, 61; i, 77.

_Chemistry of a Sunbeam, The_, Youmans, viii, 347.

Cheropho, disciple of Socrates, viii, 26.

Chesterfield, letter of Johnson to, v, 144.

Chiaroscuro, Rembrandt's ideas of, iv, 57.

Chicago, as an art center, iv, 142.

Chicago Convention, nomination of Lincoln at, iii, 304.

Chicago Fair, the, iv, 60.

Chicago fire, the, Fortuny's contribution to the sufferers of, iv, 218.

_Childe Harold_, Byron, v, 200, 224;
_Contarini_ compared with, v, 332.

Child, evolution of the, vi, 196; xii, 279.

Childhood, impressions of, iv, 341.

Child-labor, xi, 23.

Child, Professor, and William Morris, v, 30.

Children, diseases of, xi, 137;
education of, xi, 173; ix, 224;
God-given tenants, vi, 313;
Macaulay's love of, v, 193;
sorrows of, x, 157.

Childs, George W., vi, 318;
Abbey and, vi, 309.

_Child's History of England_, Dickens, i, 248.

China, astronomers of, xii, 97;
Edward Carpenter on, x, 46;
future of, x, 43.

Chivalry, v, 249.

Choate, Rufus, on Beecher, vii, 359.

_Choir Invisible, The_, George Eliot, i, 48.

Chopin, Frederic, Aubrey Beardsley compared with, vi, 73;
Giorgione and, vi, 254;
mother of, xiv, 88;
Stephen Crane compared with, xiv, 81.

_Christ at Emmaus_, Rembrandt, vi, 66.

Christian astrology, xii, 97.

Christian dogma, Ingersoll on, vii, 257.

Christianity, ii, 195;
evolution in definition of, vi, 146;
freethought and, xii, 151;
paganism and, vi, 224; vii, 49; ix, 276;
primitive, ix, 19.

Christian Science, ix, 19; x, 329, 336;
orthodox Christianity and, x, 372;
Transcendentalism and, viii, 404.

Christian Scientists, characteristics of, x, 329.

Christian Socialists, v, 22.

Christ life, the, ii, 201.

Chromos, v, 33.

Chrysalis, the, v, 175.

Church, divine authority of, i, 111;
Martin Luther on the, vii, 131;
a menace, ix, 182;
the mother of modern art, iv, 18;
State and, xiv, 231.

Churches as trysting-places, xiii, 122.

Churchill, Winston, vii, 21.

Cicero, on Mark Antony, vii, 61;
referred to, v, 162, 185;

Cigarette habit, the, iv, 108;
x, 204.

Cimabue, Giovanni, Florentine painter, vi, 21.

Cincinnatus, Roman patriot, xiii, 85.

Circuit-rider, the, ix, 42.

City slums, ix, 83.

Civilization, ii, 193;
the badge of, xi, 296;
English, x, 134; xiii, 52;
the problem of, xii, 221;
problems of, xii, 155;
savagery and, iv, 263.

Clairvoyant, the, viii, 174.

_Clarissa Harlowe_, Richardson, iv, 302.

Clarke, Mary Cowden, ix, 285.

Clarkson, Thomas, and the Wordsworths, i, 215.

Class-day poets, vi, 325.

Classic art, xiv, 252.

_Classification of Animals_, Huxley, xii, 327.

Claudius, Roman emperor, viii, 49;
James I compared with, viii, 58.

Clay, Henry, iii, 269;
ancestry of, iii, 209;
home of, iii, 212;
education of, iii, 218;
as a lawyer, iii, 219;
member of the Fayette County bar, iii, 220;
U. S. Senator, iii, 220;
speaker of the House, iii, 220;
as an agitator, iii, 221;
as an orator, iii, 222;
monument of, iii, 226.

Clemens, Samuel L. (Mark Twain), i, 164;
H. H. Rogers and, x, 110; xi, 389.

Clement VII, Pope, iv, 31.

Cleopatra, death of, vii, 77;
Julius Cæsar and, vii, 44;
Mark Antony and, vii, 63.

Clergymen,
the children of, v, 294;
orthodox, iii, 81.

Clergy, Voltaire's contempt for, viii, 280.

Cleveland, as an art center, iv, 142.

Cleveland, Grover, xii, 238.

Clinton, De Witt, iii, 239, 263; xiii, 185.

Cobbett, William, and Thomas Paine, ix, 161, 167.

Cobden, Richard, ii, 83; v, 30;
on America, ix, 142;
John Bright and, ix, 149, 231;
Disraeli's criticism of, ix, 140;
influence of, ix, 127;
John Morley on, ix, 140; ix, 153;
on boarding-schools, ix, 135;
on the moral power of England, ix, 126;
Lord Palmerston on, ix, 152;
Sir Robert Peel and, ix, 150;
political life of, ix, 146;
Arthur F. Sheldon and, ix, 138.

Cobden-Sanderson, T. J.,
partner of William Morris, v, 30;
wife of, ix, 234.

Code duello, the, i, 276.

Cohen, origin of name, x, 30.

Coke, Sir Edward, ix, 313.

Coleridge, Hartley, v, 274.

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, ii, 221;
his place as a philosopher, v, 289;
birth of, v, 294;
parents of, v, 294;
precocity of, v, 295;
education of, v, 297;
fame of, as a poet, v, 301;
home of, in the Lake District, v, 303;
marriage of, v, 302;
friendship of Dorothy Wordsworth for, v, 304;
his literary work, v, 307;
physical and mental breakdown of, v, 309;
death of, v, 310;
the creator of the higher criticism, v, 314;
_Aids to Reflection_, v, 313;
_The Ancient Mariner_, v, 305;
Byron and, v, 310;
Dr. Gillman and, v, 309;
Keats and, v, 310;
Harriet Martineau and, ii, 83;
Shelley and, v, 310;
Josiah Wedgwood and, v, 305;
Mary Wollstonecraft and, xiii, 102;
the Wordsworths and, i, 212, 216;
cited, ii, 220;
Dore's illustrations of the works of, iv, 338;
estimate of Jane Austen, ii, 254;
Mill on, v, 289;
Principal Shairp on, v, 314;
Mary Lamb and, ii, 220.

Collecting and collectors, iv, 119.

Colleges, in America, xii, 244;
the small college, x, 240;
education, worth of, iv, 128;
college training, xii, 241;
Thoreau on, viii, 397.

Collins, William, on Dean Swift, i, 151;
referred to, iii, 37.

Collyer, Rev. Robert, James Oliver and, xi, 79;
Philip D. Armour and, xi, 185.

_Cologne--Evening_, Turner's painting, i, 135.

Colonia Agrippina, viii, 67.

Colonial "broadsides," ix, 74.

Colosseum, Rome, i, 317.

_Colosseum, The_, Corot, vi, 188.

Columbus, Christopher, vi, 50; xii, 144.

Comedy, v, 240.

Come-outers, ii, 189; ix, 318.

Comets, iv, 331.

Commerce, Cobden on, ix, 128;
Emerson on, ix, 130.

_Common Sense_, Thomas Paine, ix, 157.

Communists, classes of, xi, 42.

Companionship, xiv, 110;
spiritual, v, 227.

Compasses, proportional, xii, 64.

_Compensation_, Emerson's essay on, xii, 261.

Compensation, law of, ii, 238; iv, 226; vii, 349; xi, 149; xiv, 41.

Competition, xiii, 247;
co-operation and, v, 23.

Complacency, i, 237.

_Compromise_, Morley, vii, 17.

Comte, Auguste, ii, 86;
marriage of, viii, 250;
insanity of, viii, 255;
teachings of, ii, 86;
Clothilde de Vaux and, viii, 264;
Benjamin Franklin and, viii, 246;
Harriet Martineau and, viii, 257;
John Stuart Mill and, viii, 257;
Napoleon and, viii, 242;
Saint Simon and, viii, 247, 277;
Alexander von Humboldt and, viii, 254.

_Comus_, Milton, v, 137.

Condorcet, Marquis de, viii, 241.

Confessional, the, iv, 339;
need of, v, 86.

_Confessions_ of St. Augustine, vi, 273.

_Confessions_, Rousseau, i, 55; ix, 376.

Confidence, v, 238.

Confucius, Emerson compared with, x, 51;
Socrates compared with, x, 50, 60;
contemporaries of, x, 44;
influence of, x, 43;
mother of, x, 59;
Lao-tsze and, x, 63.

Congregationalism, ix, 279.

Congregational singing, vii, 338.

Congregational societies, ix, 297.

Congreve on Addison, v, 252;
Voltaire and, viii, 295.

_Coningsby_, Disraeli, v, 341.

_Conjugal Love_, Swedenborg, viii, 191.

Conkling, Roscoe, as an orator, vii, 22.

Conklin, James C., friend of Lincoln, iii, 288.

Connecticut policy, the, v, 173.

Connecticut, Washington on, iii, 27.

_Connestabile Madonna_, Raphael, vi, 27.

Conotancarius, Indian name of Washington, iii, 17.

Consanguinity, v, 295.

Conscience, the artistic, iv, 133.

Constable, the English painter, iv, 318;
influence of, on Corot, vi, 201.

Constant, Benjamin, writer and politician, ii, 178.

Constantine the Great, xi, 131;
composite religion of, ix, 279.

_Contarini Fleming_, Disraeli, v, 324.

_Contes Drolatiques_, Dore's illustrations of, iv, 338.

Convent life, advantages of, vi, 227.

_Conversations_ of Meissonier, iv, 118, 140.

_Conversion of St. Paul_, Michelangelo, iv, 34.

Conway, Rev. Moncure D., ix, 243;
life of Thomas Paine by, xi, 100.

Cook, Captain, ix, 164; xi, 214.

Cook's tourists, i, 100; v, 284.

Co-operation, ix, 225;
competition and, v, 23.

Co-operative stores, xi, 47.

Cooper, Peter, America's first businessman, xi, 233;
as a glue-manufacturer, xi, 244;
as an inventor, xi, 245;
boyhood of, xi, 237;
marriage of, xi, 242;
public services of, xi, 253;
Benjamin Franklin compared with, xi, 234;
Cyrus W. Field and, xi, 235;
Matthew Vassar and, xi, 242;
R. G. Ingersoll and, xi, 259.

Cooper Union, the, xi, 255;
Faneuil Hall compared with, xi, 258.

Copernicus, Nicholas, parentage of, xii, 101;
epitaph of, xii, 120;
at Frauenburg, xii, 111;
Columbus and, xii, 107;

King Sigismund of Poland and, xii, 112;
Novarra and, xii, 104;
Pythagoras compared with, x, 92;
the teachings of, xii, 49.

Copley, the Boston artist, iv, 304.

Copperheads, definition of, iii, 287.

Coquetry, flirtation and coyness, differentiated, xiii, 235.

Corday, Charlotte, i, 75;
assassination of Marat by, vii, 227.

_Coriolanus_, Shakespeare, i, 317.

Corn Laws, John Bright on the, ix, 216.

Cornwall, Barry, v, 55.

Cornwallis, General, Washington's friendship for, iii, 27;
monument of, i, 314;
quoted, iii, 242.

Corot, Camille, iv, 339;
early efforts of, vi, 187;
compared with other painters of the Barbizon School, vi, 217;
good-nature of, vi, 198;
friend of Millet, iv, 281;
landscapes of, vi, 137;
life of, at Barbizon, vi, 212;
parents of, vi, 193;
poetical character of, vi, 204;
style of, vi, 214;
Constable, the English painter, and, vi, 201;
Claude Lorraine and, vi, 201;
Achille Michallon and, vi, 198;
Jean Francois Millet and, vi, 213;
George Moore and, vi, 205;
Turner compared with, vi, 189;
Walt Whitman compared with, vi, 190;
letter to Stevens Graham, vi, 187, 205;
at the siege of Paris, vi, 190;
tribute to his mother, vi, 198.

Corporal punishment, v, 75.

Correggio, iv, 99;
Leonardo and, vi, 233;
John Ruskin and, vi, 222;
place of, among artists, vi, 244;
"putti" of, vi, 240;
_The Day_, vi, 222;
Ludwig Tieck on, vi, 220.

Correggio, village of, vi, 236.

Correlation of forces, law of, xii, 272.

Cortelyou, George B., xi, 181.

Corwin, Tom, on Mexico, xi, 149.

Cosmic consciousness, vii, 292.

Cosmic urge, the, x, 304.

_Cosmos_, Humboldt, xii, 159.

_Cotter's Saturday Night_, Burns, i, 69; v, 104.

Cotton, Rev. John, ix, 294; ix, 338.

Country, advantages of, ii, 239;
liberty of the, iii, 280;
life in the, xi, 171.

_Country Doctor, The_, Balzac, xiii, 276.

Courage, v, 174; vi, 25.

Courtesy compared with genius, ii, 49.

_Courtier_, Castiglione, v, 258.

Covenant, of grace, ix, 346;
of works, ix, 346.

Covetousness, v, 238.

Cowden-Clarke, Mary, ii, 233.

Cowley's _Elegy on Sir Anthony Van Dyck_, iv, 172.

Craik, Dr., Washington's acquaintance with, iii, 26.

Crane, Stephen, ii, 253; xiv, 80;
Aubrey Beardsley compared with, vi, 73;
Frederic Chopin compared with, xiv, 81;
Chancellor Symms and, v, 300.

Cranks, v, 111.

Crapsey, Dr. Algernon S., on truth, xi, 319.

Crassus and Pompey, vii, 50.

Crawford, Captain Jack, x, 249.

Creation, Christian view of, xii, 98.

Cremation, i, 230.

"Cretinous wretch," i, 95.

Crimean war, Dore's illustrations of, iv, 338.

_Crisis, The_, Winston Churchill, vii, 21.

_Crisis, The_, Thomas Paine, ix, 159.

Criticism, Johnson on, v, 147.

_Critique of Pure Reason_, Kant, viii, 169.

Crito and Socrates, viii, 28, 35, 37.

Crivelli, Lucrezia, Leonardo's painting of, vi, 54.

Cromwell, Oliver, i, 81;
at the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh, ix, 309;
Thomas Carlyle on, ix, 305;
Paul Jones compared with, ix, 331;
mother of, ix, 317;
Parliamentary experiences of, ix, 313;
parents of, ix, 305;
referred to, i, 303;
rule of, ix, 332;
Shakespeare and, ix, 307.

Cromwell, Richard, ix, 334.

Crookes tube, viii, 359.

Crosby, Ernest, viii, 53.

_Crossing of the Bar_, Tennyson, v, 90.

Crotona, Italy, home of the Pythagorean School, x, 84.

_Crucifixion of St. Peter_, Michelangelo, iv, 34.

_Crucifixion, The_, Rubens, iv, 102.

Cryptograms, vi, 65.

Culture, vii, 314; ix, 191;
the pursuit of, viii, 104;
religion of, ix, 188, 192.

Cunningham, Allan, on Gainsborough, vi, 131.

Curie, Madame, Herbert Spencer and, viii, 359.

Curtis, George William, ii, 39, 286; v, 254; vii, 409;
as an orator, vii, 314;
Brook Farm and, viii, 402;

Lincoln and, i, 165;
Lowell on, viii, 87.

Custom, tyranny of, v, 205.

Cynicism, i, 240.

Dalton, Richard, and Reynolds, iv, 306.

Damascus, iii, 41.

Damocles, the sword of, v, 184.

Damrosch, Walter, xi, 282;
on Handel, xiv, 253;
and Wagnerian opera, xiv, 26.

Dana, Charles A., v, 254;
and Brook Farm, viii, 402.

Dancing, v, 236.

Daniels, George H., i, xxx;
James Oliver and, xi, 82;
Rev. Thomas R. Slicer compared with, xi, 83.

Dante, i, 113, 317; ii, 61; iv, 23, 120;
referred to, v, 83;
on Aristotle, viii, 109;
Archdeacon Farrar on, xiii, 138;
Galileo on, xii, 60;
Longfellow on, xiii, 110;
Dore's illustrations of the works of, iv, 338;
father of modern literature, xiii, 139;
his description of Beatrice, xiii, 120;
influence of, on Milton, xiii, 137;
meeting of, with Beatrice, xiii, 127;
Hamlet compared with, xiii, 126;
Walt Whitman compared with, i, 170.

Danton, ii, 265;
Marat and, vii, 224;
Thomas Paine and, ix, 172.

Dartmouth College case, iii, 202.

Dart, the almanac-maker, Franklin on, i, 150.

Darwin, Charles, Benjamin Disraeli and, vi, 341;
Asa Gray and, xii, 198;
Professor Henslow and, xii, 206;
Alfred Russel Wallace and, xii, 223, 372;
Emerson compared with, xii, 203;
Huxley compared with, xii, 313;
Huxley on, xii, 198;
Swedenborg compared with, viii, 179;
quoted, ii, 97; iv, 46;
referred to, v, 174, 289; xi, 370; xiii, 78;
on Sir Isaac Newton, xii, 34;
voyage in the _Beagle_, xii, 210;
wife of, xii, 216.

Darwin, Dr. Erasmus, on the study of medicine, xii, 203.

Daubigny, Charles Francois, French landscape painter, iv, 129, 281.

Daughters of the Revolution, xi, 146.

Daumier, friend of Meissonier, iv, 129.

Davenant, Sir William, and Leonardo compared, vi, 48.

_David Copperfield_, Dickens, i, 251.

David, Jacques Louis, French historical painter, iv, 229.

_David_, Michelangelo, iv, 23, 102.

Davidson, John, his dedication of a book, vi, 331.

Davis, David, judge, nominator of Lincoln, iii, 288.

Davis, Jefferson, i, 112; iii, 293.

Davitt, Michael, xiii, 185.

Davy, Sir Humphry, vi, 149;
Michael Faraday and, xii, 352;
the Wordsworths and, i, 215.

_Dawn_, Michelangelo, vi, 32.

_Day, The_, masterpiece of Correggio, vi, 222.

Dead Sea, the, iii, 40.

Death, Carlyle on, v, 85;
Johnson's dread of, v, 167;
Whitman on, i, 175.

Debating societies, iii, 188.

Debs, Eugene, x, 117.

Debtors' Prison, the, i, 253.

Decimal monetary system, iii, 75.

Declaration of Independence, Jefferson's part in, iii, 75.

_De Clementia_, Seneca, ix, 201.

Dedications, vi, 331.

_Defense of Guinevere, The_, William Morris, v, 13.

_Defense of Idlers, A_, Stevenson, xiii, 16.

_Defensio Secunda_, Milton, v, 128.

Definition, religion by, ix, 188.

Degradation and woman, vi, 74.

De Keyser, rival of Rembrandt, iv, 68.

Delacroix, Ferdinand, French painter, iv, 230.

_De l'Allemagne_, Madame de Stael, ii, 179.

Delaroche, friend of Millet, iv, 271;
Meissonier and, iv, 136.

Delftware, xiii, 52.

Delices, home of Voltaire, viii, 314.

Delilah, i, 75.

Delium, the battle of, viii, 31.

Delsarte, Seneca compared with, viii, 56;
quoted, iii, 121.

Democracy, Shakespeare's limitations regarding, i, 179.

Demosthenes, i, 248, 306; iii, 188; v, 162.

Denominations in religion, origin of, ix, 19.

Denslow's dandies, iv, 67.

Dentists, v, 207; vi, 70.

_Departure of the Pilgrims, The_, Robert Weir, vi, 343.

Depew, Chauncey, on Scotch humor, xiii, 11;
quoted, xiv, 238.

De Quincey, life at Dove Cottage, i, 212;
referred to, iii, 130.

Descartes' _Meditations_, viii, 226.

_Descent From the Cross_, Rubens, iv, 102.