Chapter D: DACRE’S street, New Tothill street (3)

Faith, Hope, and Charity, by Lorhetto di Verona.

Inside of a church at Antwerp, by Denies; figures Old Franks.

Portrait, Rembrant.

Magdalen, Francisco Mola.

Democritus in the posture Hipocritus found him in near Abdera, by
Salvator Rosa.

Admittance to see the house is by tickets from Mr. Cleeve, and the
days are every Thursday during the summer season.

FORE CLOYSTER _yard_, Westminster Abbey.

FORE _court_, 1. Bridewell, Fleet ditch.§ 2. Clement’s Inn.§ 3.
Doctors Commons.§

FORE _street_, 1. Lambeth. 2. Limehouse. 3. Moorgate.

FOREIGN APPOSER’S _Office_, in the Inner Temple, an office belonging
to the Exchequer, where the Foreign Apposer apposes all Sheriffs,
upon the schedules of the green wax. _Chamberlain’s Present State._

FORISTER’S _buildings_, Golden lane.†

FORMAN’S _alley_, Old street.†

FORSAN’S _rents_, 1. Marigold lane.† 2. Vinegar yard, Drury lane.†

FORT _street_, by Gun street, Spitalfields.

FORTUNE _court_, Duke’s place.

FOSTER’S _lane_, Cheapside; so called from St. Vedast’s or St.
Foster’s church there. _Maitland._

FOSTER’S _buildings_, 1. Whitechapel.† 2. Whitecross street,
Cripplegate.†

FOSTER’S _rents_, 1. King John’s court.† 2. Liquorpond street.†

FOUBERT’S _passage_, Great Swallow street.†

FOUL _lane_, in the Borough.║

FOUNDERS, a company incorporated by letters patent of King James I. in
the year 1614. They consist of a Master, two Wardens, 24 Assistants,
and 132 Liverymen, who upon their admission pay a fine of 8_l._
7_s._ 6_d_. They have a convenient hall at the upper end of Founders
court in Lothbury.

’Tis worthy of notice, that all makers of brass weights, within the
city of London, and three miles round, are obliged to have their
several weights sized by the company’s standard, and marked with
their common mark; such of these as are Avoirdupois weights, are to
be sealed at Guildhall, and those of Troy at Goldsmiths hall. The
Founders company are also impowered by their charter to search for,
and view all brass weights within the above district.

FOUNDERS _court_, 1. Fore street. 2. Lothbury; so called from having
Founders hall in it.

FOUNDLING _Hospital_, or more properly _The Hospital for exposed and
deserted Children_, in Lamb’s Conduit fields. This is one of the
most useful among the numerous charities that are an honour to this
age and nation. In the reign of her late majesty Queen Anne, several
eminent merchants, filled with compassion for the many innocent
children who were daily exposed to misery and destruction, proposed
to erect an hospital for the reception of such infants, as either
the misfortunes or inhumanity of their parents should leave
destitute of other support; and to employ them in such a manner as
to render them fit for the most laborious offices, and the lowest
stations. With these laudable views they proposed a subscription,
and sollicited a charter; but they sollicited in vain, from the
ill-grounded prejudices of weak people, who conceived the opinion
that such an undertaking would encourage persons in vice, by making
too easy a provision for their illegitimate children.

However, though this suspended, it did not totally defeat this
laudable design; some of these worthy persons left large
benefactions for the use of such an hospital as soon as it should be
erected; which coming to the ears of the humane and generous Mr.
Thomas Coram, a commander of a ship in the merchants service, he
left the sea to sollicit a charter for the establishment of this
charity, and with unwearied assiduity spent all the remainder of his
life in promoting this great design; from no other motive than his
zeal for the public, and his compassion for the helpless innocents
who were frequently dropped in the streets, or murdered to conceal
the shame of their parents.

Before he presented any petition to his Majesty, he was advised to
procure a recommendation of his design from some persons of quality
and distinction. This he sollicited with unwearied diligence, by
which means he procured the following memorial to be signed by the
Ladies whose names are under-written.

“Whereas among the many excellent designs and institutions
of charity which this nation, and especially the city of
London, has hitherto encouraged and established, no
expedient has yet been found out for preventing the frequent
murders of poor miserable infants at their birth; or for
suppressing the inhuman custom of exposing new-born infants
to perish in the streets; or the putting out such unhappy
foundlings to wicked and barbarous nurses, who, undertaking
to bring them up for a small and trifling sum of money, do
often suffer them to starve for want of due sustenance or
care; or, if permitted to live, either turn them into the
streets to beg or steal, or hire them out to loose persons
by whom they are trained up in that infamous way of living,
and sometimes are blinded, or maimed and distorted in their
limbs, in order to move pity and compassion, and thereby
become fitter instruments of gain to those vile merciless
wretches.

“For a beginning to redress so deplorable a grievance, and
to prevent as well the effusion of so much innocent blood,
as the fatal consequences of that idleness, beggary, or
stealing, in which such poor foundlings are generally bred
up; and to enable them, by an early and effectual care of
their education, to become useful members of the
commonwealth: We, whose names are underwritten, being deeply
touched with compassion for the sufferings and lamentable
condition of such poor abandoned helpless infants, as well
as the enormous abuses and mischiefs to which they are
exposed; and in order to supply the government plentifully
with useful hands on many occasions; and for the better
producing good and faithful servants from amongst the poor
and miserable cast-off children, or foundlings, now a pest
to the public, and a chargeable nuisance within the bills of
mortality; and for settling a yearly income for their
maintenance and proper education, till they come to a fit
age for service; are desirous to encourage, and willing to
contribute towards erecting an hospital for infants whom
their parents are not able to maintain, and have no right to
any parish; which we conceive will not only prevent many
horrid murders, cruelties, and other mischiefs, and be
greatly beneficial to the public; but will also be
acceptable to God Almighty, as being the only remedy of such
great evils, which have been so long neglected, though
always complained of; provided due and proper care be taken
for setting on foot so necessary an establishment, and a
royal charter be granted by the King to such persons as his
Majesty shall approve of, who shall be willing to become
benefactors for the erecting and endowing such an hospital;
and for the receiving the voluntary contributions of
charitable and well-disposed persons; and for directing and
managing the affairs thereof _gratis_, to the best
advantage, under such regulations as his Majesty, in his
great wisdom, shall judge most proper for attaining the
desired effect of our good intentions.”

Charlotte Somerset.
S. Richmond.
H. Bolton.
Anne Bolton.
I. Leeds.
A. Bedford.
M. Cavendish Portland.
J. Manchester.
F. Hartford.
M. Harold.
S. Huntington.
F. Wa. & Nottingham.
E. Cardigan.
Dorothy Burlington.
F. Litchfield.
A. Albemarle.
F. Biron.
A. Trevor.
A. Torrington.
E. Onslow.
A. King.

Mr. Coram having, to the everlasting honour of the above Ladies,
obtained so many names to this recommendation, procured another to
the same purpose, signed by a great number of noblemen and
gentlemen, and annexed both these to his petition to the King. Upon
this his Majesty was graciously pleased to grant his royal charter
for establishing this hospital, which was dated the 17th of October,
1739.

In pursuance of this patent, the Duke of Bedford, who was appointed
the first President, summoned the several members of the society to
meet him at Somerset House on the 20th of Nov. when most of the
noblemen and gentlemen mentioned in the charter being assembled,
Thomas Coram, Esq; thanked his Grace, and the rest of the noblemen
and gentlemen, for their protection and assistance in promoting the
patent. A committee of fifteen noblemen and gentlemen were chosen to
manage the estate and effects of the hospital; and it was ordered,
that accounts of several hospitals of this nature in other countries
should be obtained as soon as possible; for which purpose
application was made to his Majesty’s Ambassadors and Ministers
abroad, and the Governors soon after received authentic accounts of
the institutions and regulations of the hospitals of Amsterdam,
Paris, and Lisbon, for the reception of infants; and have since also
been favoured with that of Venice; and, tho’ these institutions were
all accommodated to the laws and governments of their respective
countries, and were therefore unfit or impracticable to be wholly
executed in this kingdom, yet they afforded useful instructions
towards forming a plan for the government of this hospital. Books
were now opened, and the Governors obtained large subscriptions; the
work went on with great spirit; an act of parliament was obtained to
confirm and enlarge the powers granted by his Majesty to the
Governors and Guardians of the hospital. A piece of ground was
purchased in Lamb’s Conduit fields, of the Earl of Salisbury, which
his Lordship not only sold at a very reasonable price, but promoted
the charity by a noble benefaction.

As the building an hospital would necessarily take up much time, and
the Governors were extremely desirous of beginning to take in
children, they hired a large house in Hatton Garden, nurses were
provided, and it was resolved that sixty children should be
admitted. As the funds increased, more and more were received; and
it was soon thought impracticable to provide a sufficient number of
healthy wet nurses, therefore the children were intrusted to the
care of dry nurses: but the ill consequences of this regulation soon
appeared; much fewer dying in proportion to their number, among
those that sucked, than among those that were weaned; and it was
also found by experience, that of the young children sent into the
country, fewer dyed in proportion to their numbers, than those who
remained in the hospital. These observations determined the
committee to come to a resolution to send all the children that
should be taken in, as soon as possible into the country, and to
allow them to remain there till three years old; and that all such
as would suck, should have wet nurses only. Some time after the
children were ordered to be inoculated, which was attended with
great success.

In 1745, one wing of the hospital being finished, the committee
ordered the children to be removed thither, and quitted the house in
Hatton Garden. A chapel being now much wanted, and several Ladies of
quality being desirous of contributing to it, a subscription was
opened for that purpose, the first stone was laid on the first of
May 1747, and a neat and elegant edifice was soon erected.

_South East View of the Foundling Hospital._
]

_Front of the Same._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._
]

On the 29th of March 1749, the Governors at a general court being
informed of the increase of benefactions to this charity, of the
number of the children, and the expediency of keeping the boys
separate from the girls, gave directions for building the other wing
of the hospital, and the whole design has been since compleated.
These wings are directly opposite to each other, and are built in a
plain but regular, substantial, and convenient manner, of brick,
with handsome piazzas. It is well suited to the purpose, and as fine
as hospitals should be. On the farthest end is placed the chapel,
which is joined to the wings by an arch on each side, and is very
elegant within. Before the hospital is a large piece of ground, on
each side whereof is a colonade of great length, which also extends
towards the gates, that are double, with a massy pier between, so
that coaches may pass and repass at the same time; and on each side
is a door to admit those on foot. The large area between this outer
gate and the hospital is adorned with grass plats, gravel walks, and
lamps erected upon handsome posts: besides which there are two
handsome gardens. The print shews the hospital in two different
views.

In erecting these buildings particular care was taken to render them
neat and substantial, without any costly decorations; but the first
wing of the hospital was scarcely inhabited, when several eminent
masters in painting, carving, and other of the polite arts, were
pleased to contribute many elegant ornaments, which are placed in
the hospital as monuments of the charity and abilities of these
great masters.

In the court room are placed four capital pictures, taken from
sacred history, the subjects of which are suitable to the place for
which they were designed.

The first, which is painted by Mr. Hayman, is taken from Exodus ii.
8, 9. “The maid went and called the child’s mother, and Pharaoh’s
daughter said unto her, Take this child away and nurse it for me,
and I will give you wages.”

The following verse is the subject of the next picture, done by Mr.
Hogarth, viz. “And the child grew up, and she brought him to
Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son, and she called his name
Moses.”

The third picture is the history of Ishmael, painted by Mr.
Highmore, the subject of which is taken from Gen. xxi. 17. “And the
angel of the Lord called to Hagar out of heaven, and said to her,
What aileth thee, Hagar? Fear not, for God hath heard the voice of
the lad where he is.”

The fourth picture is painted by Mr. Wills, and is taken from Luke
xviii. 16. “Jesus said, Suffer little children to come unto me, and
forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven.”

On each side of these pictures are placed small drawings in circular
frames of the most considerable hospitals in and about London, done
by Mr. Haytley, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Whale, and Mr. Gainsborough.

Over the chimney is placed a very curious bas relief, done by Mr.
Rysbrack, and presented by him, representing children employed in
husbandry and navigation; to which employments those in the hospital
are destined.

The other ornaments of the room were given by several ingenious
workmen, who had been employed in building the hospital, and were
willing to contribute to adorn it. The stucco work was given by Mr.
William Wilton; the marble chimney piece, by Mr. Deval; the table
with its frame curiously carved, by Mr. John Saunderson; and the
glass by Mr. Hallet.

In the other rooms of the hospital are the pictures of several of
the governors and benefactors, viz. Mr. Thomas Coram, by Mr.
Hogarth; Mr. Milner and Mr. Jacobson, by Mr. Hudson; Dr. Mead, by
Mr. Ramsey; and Mr. Emerson, by Mr. Highmore. In the dining room is
a large and beautiful sea piece of the English fleet in the Downs by
Mr. Monamy; and over the chimney in another room is Mr. Hogarth’s
original painting of the march to Finchley.

In the chapel the altar piece is finely painted by a fine Italian
painter, representing the wisemen making their offerings to the
infant Jesus, who is held in his mother’s arms. And here we ought
not to forget the fine organ presented by Mr. Handel, who has even
made this of great benefit to the hospital, and from the most
benevolent views, has enriched the foundation by a new revenue
raised from the powers of harmony, and has had a sacred oratorio
performed several times in the year, to crowded audiences, in which
he himself played upon the organ gratis.

Several very handsome shields done in lead, were given by Mr. Ives,
and placed over the charity boxes, with proper inscriptions; and
other artists have contributed their labours to the ornamenting of
the hospital and chapel; for which they received the thanks of the
corporation: and an inscription is put up, to inform the public,
that these ornaments were the benefactions of the several artists
whose names are wrote thereon; it being a fixed resolution of the
Governors, that no part of the money given to this hospital be
expended in any thing that is not proper to answer the good
intentions of the benefactors.

After mentioning the above benefactions, it ought not to be omitted,
that the Earl Marshal of England has been pleased to honour the
corporation with the grant of a coat of arms; the kings at arms, and
officers of the Heralds office, being so charitable as to remit all
the fees due to them on that occasion: and that Dr. Cadogan, a
Physician of Bristol, has been at the pains of writing an excellent
pamphlet for the use of the hospital, containing instructions for
the nursing and management of children from their birth to three
years of age, which is published for the benefit of the hospital.

In the infancy of this hospital, those children not exceeding two
months old, who were brought first were received, till the number
the Governors had agreed to admit was completed; but this only
continued for a short time, the number that came for admittance
occasioned great disturbance among the persons who brought them,
every one striving to deliver her child first, for fear of being
excluded by delivering it too late. This necessarily occasioned a
new regulation.

The persons who brought children, were conduced into a large room;
and those who brought boys were seated on benches at one end, and
those who brought girls, at the other. When the hour of admittance
was expired, a bell was rung and the doors shut. Two of the
Governors then counted how many had boys, and how many girls; after
which they put into one bag as many white balls as there were boys,
and into another bag as many white balls as there were girls to be
admitted; and to every twenty white balls they added four red ones,
and so in proportion for any greater or lesser number; after which
they added so many black balls, as together with the white and red
ones made the number of the balls in each bag equal to the number of
persons who brought boys or girls.

The balls being mixed together, one of the Governors held the bag,
and calling the persons one by one from their seats, each held up
her hand open in view of the Governors, and then putting it into the
bag drew out a ball; and if it was a black one, she was immediately
led with her child out of the hospital; while the persons who drew
white and red balls, were ordered into separate rooms to prevent
their changing them.

When all the balls were drawn, and the persons who had drawn black
balls were discharged, those who had drawn white ones were brought
in again, and seated as before. Then one who had a white ball was
taken into a room, and left alone, while her child was undressed and
examined in the presence of the matron, and if the Physician,
Surgeon, or Apothecary attending, had any reason to believe that it
had any infectious disease, or if it appeared to be above the age of
two months, it was dressed again in its own cloaths, returned to the
person who brought it, and taken immediately out of the hospital;
but if there were no such objections, it was received, and the
person who brought it dismissed.

Every child thus received, had a different letter of the alphabet
tied to its wrist; and both the clerk and steward marked a billet
with the letter fixed to the wrist of the child, and in this paper
wrote its sex and supposed age; the day and year when inspected; the
marks, if any, on its body; the particulars of its dress; and if any
writing or remarkable thing was brought with it, it was mentioned in
the billet, and then sealed up, marked with the letter of the child
on the outside. A female servant then took the child, with the
cloathing of the hospital, into the ward appointed for the taking in
of children, and there delivered it to the country nurse, who had
the same letter of the alphabet with that of the child.

In this manner they proceeded with respect to all who had drawn
white balls, and then if any had been rejected, they took as many
white balls as there were children so dismissed, put them into a
bag, and added as many black balls to them, as together with the
white, made up the number of persons who had drawn red balls. These
were drawn in the same manner as the first; but the persons who now
drew the black, might, if they desired it, stay in the house till
they saw whether all the children of those who in the second drawing
had got white balls, were received or rejected, till the whole
number of the children appointed to be taken in were received.

This method of drawing balls, was doubtless as unexceptionable as
any other that could possibly have been invented, since it left not
the least room for partiality in the choice: yet all who wished well
to this excellent charity, could not avoid being concerned for those
who were disappointed in the hopes of gaining admission for a child,
whom they had perhaps brought many miles out of the country for that
purpose, and at an expence, which they were perhaps but little able
to support. This is, however, now remedied, and the parliament has
granted very considerable sums, on condition of all the children
being taken in that are brought of the proper age, and free from
infectious diseases.

The children who are sent into the country, are under the inspection
of some person of character in the neighbourhood, and are cloathed
and fed according to the directions given in Dr. Cadogan’s _Essay
upon nursing_, during the three years they remain there.

Such children as have not had the small pox, are inoculated at three
years of age, in a proper place out of the hospital.

From three years old to six, they are taught to read, and to learn
the catechism; and at proper intervals employed in such a manner as
may contribute to their health, and induce a habit of activity,
hardiness and labour; and from that time, their work is to be such
bodily labour as is most suitable to their age and strength, and is
most likely to fit them for agriculture, or the sea service; such as
digging, hoeing, ploughing, hedging, cleaving wood, and carrying
burdens; many of them are employed in the gardens belonging to the
hospital, where by their labour they supply the house with
vegetables, and being instructed in gardening, are kept in readiness
for such persons as may be inclined to take them into their service.

From six years of age, the girls are employed in common needle-work,
knitting and spinning, and in the kitchen, laundry, and household
work, in order to make them useful servants for such proper persons
as may apply for them, except so many as may be necessary to be
employed in the hospital; it being intended to have no other female
servants in the house, but persons brought up in it when they are of
proper age.

The diet of the children is plain and good of the sort; their
ordinary drink is water; tea, coffee, tobacco, butter, and strong
drink, are never permitted to be used by any children in the
hospital. Their diversions are ordered to be such as are innocent,
and require activity; and all games of chance, swearing, indecent
language or behaviour, are strictly prohibited. They are constantly
to attend divine service in the chapel on Sundays; and the officers
of the hospital are often to remind them of the lowness of their
condition, that they may early imbibe the principles of humility and
gratitude to their benefactors; and learn contentedly to undergo the
most servile and laborious offices; for it is considered, that
notwithstanding the innocence of the children, yet, as they are
exposed and abandoned by their parents, they ought to submit to the
lowest stations, and should not be educated in such a manner, as to
put them upon a level with the children of parents who have the
humanity and virtue to preserve, and the industry to support them.

When any person shall claim a child, they are to leave a petition
with the Secretary, directed to the Governors: this, the Secretary
is to deliver to the general committee, who are to transmit it to
the house committee, and to give orders, that the person petitioning
attend them at a day appointed; when the house committee shall
enquire, what right they have to the child; what are their
circumstances; whether they are able and willing to provide for the
child; what security they can give for that purpose, and what
satisfaction they can make to the hospital for the expence to which
it has been put, by the maintenance of the child; which committee
shall report the same to the next general committee, with their
opinion thereupon. If the proposal made by the parent, and the
report, is satisfactory to the general committee, they are then, and
not before, to order the billets to be opened, and the register
searched; and if they find the child is living, may make an order to
deliver such child to its parent or relation, which order is not to
be delivered till they have complied with the terms required by the
committee. Every person to whom a child is so delivered, is to
provide cloathing for that child, in which it is to be dressed, and
the cloathing of the hospital to be left with the steward.

When any are discharged on having attained the age appointed for
that purpose, by act of parliament, that is, twenty-four for the
males, or twenty-one for the females; or when any of the girls shall
be married, with the consent of the committee; the general committee
may, at their discretion, give them cloaths, money, or necessaries,
not exceeding the value of 10_l._ but as it is hoped, that the males
and females will be able at those years to get an honest livelihood
by their industry, this charity is to be cautiously and seldom
practised, except on the marriage of the girls.

FOUNTAIN _alley_, 1. Maiden lane, Southwark.* 2. Silver street,
Bloomsbury market.*

FOUNTAIN _court_, 1. Aldermanbury.* 2. Bread street, Cheapside.* 3.
Chandos street.* 4. Cheapside. 5. Lothbury.* 6. St. Martin’s lane,
Charing Cross.* 7. Middle Temple.* 8. In the Minories.* 9. Shoe
lane.* 10. In the Strand.*

FOUNTAIN _stairs_, Rotherhith.*

FOUR CROWN _court_, Rosemary lane.*

FOUR DOVE _court_, 1. St. Martin’s le Grand.* 2. Noble street, Foster
lane.*

FOUR SWAN _yard_, Mile end green.*

FOX _court_, 1. Fox lane, Wapping.* 2. Gray’s Inn lane.* 3. St.
James’s street.* 4. Newgate street.* 5. Queen square.* 6. Snow
hill.*

FOX AND CROWN _court_, Barbican.*

FOX AND GOOSE _alley_, Peter’s lane.*

FOX AND GOOSE _yard_, London wall.*

FOX AND HOUNDS _yard_, Bishopsgate street.*

FOX AND KNOT _court_, Cow lane, West Smithfield.*

FOX _lane_, Upper Shadwell.*

FOX ORDINARY _court_, a handsome well-built court in St. Nicholas
lane, Lombard street; so called from a public eating house formerly
there. _Stow._

FOX _yard_, Duke street, Great Russel street.*

FOGWELL _court_, Charterhouse lane.†

FRAMEWORK-KNITTERS, or STOCKING-WEAVERS, are a society incorporated by
letters patent granted by Charles II. in the year 1663, by the
extraordinary title of _The Master, Wardens, Assistants and Society
of the art and mystery of Framework-knitters in the cities of London
and Westminster, the kingdom of England and dominion of Wales_.

This company consists of a Master, two Wardens, eighteen Assistants,
and fifty-eight Liverymen, whose fine for the livery is 10_l._ They
have a small hall in Redcross street.

FRANCIS’S _court_, Bartlet’s street.†

FRANCIS _street_, Golden square.†

FRANCIS _yard_, Brook street.†

FRANKLIN’S _row_, Chelsea.†

FRANSHAW’S _court_, Leadenhall street.†

FREEDOM OF THE CITY OF LONDON, a space of ground without the gates,
and within the liberty of the city, bounded by an irregular line,
which separates the freedom from the county of Middlesex. This line
begins at Temple Bar, which is the only gate fixed at the extremity
of the city liberties, and extending by many turnings and windings,
through part of Shear lane, Bell yard, Chancery lane, by the Rolls
liberty, &c. extends into Holborn, almost opposite to Gray’s Inn,
where there are bars to shew its utmost limits on that side.

From Holborn Bars it passes with many turnings, by Brook street,
Furnival’s Inn, Leather lane, Hatton Garden, Ely House, Field lane
and Chick lane, to the common sewer, where it returns westward to
Cow Cross, and so to Smithfield Bars.

From Smithfield Bars it runs with several windings between Long lane
and Charter house lane to Goswell street, and up that street
northward to the bars.

From Goswell street Bars, where the manor of Finsbury begins, it
winds across Golden lane at the posts and chain set up there, to the
posts and chain in Whitecross street, and from thence to the posts
and chain in Grub street; and then thro’ Ropemakers alley to the
posts and chain in the highway from Moorgate; and from thence by the
north side of the four quarters of Moorfields, all abutting upon
Finsbury manor, where it returns northward up to the bars in
Bishopsgate street; and from thence eastward into Spitalfields,
abutting upon Norton Falgate.

From Norton Falgate it returns southward by Spitalfields, and then
southeast by Wentworth street to Whitechapel Bars.

From Whitechapel Bars it winds more southerly, leaving out the
Little Minories and Goodman’s fields, from which it returns westward
to the posts and chain in the Minories, and thence more westerly
till it comes to London Wall, where it abuts upon the Tower liberty,
and there ends.

Though this line in its several turnings is of great length, yet the
ground between it and the wall is but narrow, so that the extent in
acres is not answerable to its circumambulation. It is in length
21,370 feet, which is about four miles, and yet the ground
comprehended between the line of the city wall, and this line of
separation, is but 300 acres. _Stow._

FREEMAN’S _court_, Cornhill.†

FREEMAN’S _lane_, Horselydown.†

FREEMAN’S _yard_, Cornhill.†

FREE SCHOOL-HOUSE _street_, Horselydown.☐

FREESTONE _alley_, Eagle court, St. John’s lane.

FREESTONE _court_, Artillery lane.

FRENCH _alley_, 1. Goswell street. 2. Quaker street, Spitalfields.

FRENCH _Almshouse_, in Black Eagle street, Spitalfields, contains
convenient apartments for forty-five poor men and women, who are
every week allowed 2_s._ 3_d_. a bushel of coals each, and apparel
every other year.

This house belongs to the French church in Threadneedle street, near
the Royal Exchange, and to that in Black Eagle street. The society
by which it is supported, Mr. _Maitland_ observes, appears to be the
most charitable and generous, from an inscription round a large
pewter dish in the possession of Mr. Henry Guinand, an eminent
French merchant in Little St. Helen’s, (when deacon of the church)
who collected the under-mentioned sum in gold, bank notes, &c. The
inscription is as follows: _La collecte qui s’est faite a l’eglise
Françoise de Londres, & à celle de l’hopital dans Black Eagle
street, pour les pouvre de la dite eglise, le 10 Mars, 1727–28. a
produit £1248 7 6._ That is: The collection made in the French
church of London, and that of the hospital in Black Eagle street,
for the poor of the said churches, amounted to 1248_l._ 7_s._ 6_d_.

FRENCH HOSPITAL, contiguous to the Pesthouse on the south side of St.
Luke’s parish, was erected in the year 1717, and the Governors by
letters patent of the 4th of King George I. in 1718, were
constituted a body politic and corporate, by the name of _The
Governor and Directors of the hospital for the poor French
Protestants, and their defendants, residing in Great Britain_.

This hospital at present contains 220 poor helpless men and women,
146 of whom are upon the foundation, and are plentifully supplied
with all the necessaries of life, at the expence of the hospital;
but the other seventy-four are paid for by their friends, at the
rate of 9_l._ a year each. This charity also extends to lunatics,
for whose accommodation a large infirmary is provided.

To this foundation belong a Chaplain, Physician, Surgeon, and other
proper officers, who carefully attend the pensioners, and administer
to their several necessities. _Stow, last edit._

FRENCH HOUSE OF CHARITY, in Spitalfields, commonly called the _Soup_,
was erected about sixty years ago, for the relief of necessitous
families, whose number in the year 1733 amounted to two hundred and
ninety-six. This house, which is supported by the charitable
benefactions and contributions of well-disposed persons, is under
the direction of a certain number of Governors and Governesses, who
at first supplied the poor under their care with money; but many of
them, without the least regard to their distressed families,
wickedly disposing of the money in spirituous liquors, tobacco, &c.
the managers agreed for the future to allow these poor families
provisions instead of money, according to their several necessities;
some therefore are allowed two portions a week, others three or
four, and the most necessitous, six: each portion consisting of a
pan of good soup, mixed with six ounces of bread, half a pound of
meat, and the same weight of dry bread. The expence of this charity
amounts to 500_l._ _per annum_. _Maitland._

FRENCH EPISCOPAL CHURCH, in Threadneedle street, near the Royal
Exchange. In this place was formerly a synagogue built by the Jews
about the year 1231, but in the reign of King Henry III. the
Christians obtained it of that Prince, who granted it to the
brotherhood of St. Anthony of Vienna, and it was dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin. Afterwards an hospital was added, called St.
Anthony’s of London, with a large free-school; and this hospital
which was allowed by Edward IV. to have priests, clerks, scholars,
poor men and brethren, with choristers, proctors, messengers,
servitors, &c. like the convent of St. Anthony of Vienna, was about
the year 1485, appropriated to the collegiate church of St. George
at Windsor. This school in the reign of Henry VI. was one of the
most celebrated in England, and the scholars used at a certain time
in the year to go in procession; particularly on the 15th of
September 1562, there set out from Mile end two hundred children of
St. Anthony’s school, who marched through Aldgate down Cornhill, to
the Augustine Friars, with flags and streamers flying, and drums
beating. But at length Johnson, one of the schoolmasters, becoming a
Prebendary of Windsor, ruined the hospital; spoilt the choir of the
church; conveyed away the plate and ornaments; then the bells; and
lastly turned the almsmen out of their houses, allowing only 12_d_.
a week to each. These houses were afterwards let out for the sake of
the rent, and the church at length became a place of worship for the
use of the French, who hold it of the church of Windsor.

This church being destroyed by the fire of London, was rebuilt, and
is still possessed by the French and Walloons, who here perform
divine service, after the manner of the church of England, in the
French tongue; but though it is a pretty large and commodious
edifice, it is not sufficient to accommodate all the communicants;
they therefore make an exchange with the Dutch church in Austin
Friars every first Sunday in the month, where the Lord’s supper is
constantly administered in French, the Dutch preaching on that day
in the French church in Threadneedle street.

FRENCH EPISCOPAL CHURCH, on the east side of St. Martin’s lane. Here
originally stood the parish church of St. Martin’s Ongar; that
edifice was almost destroyed by the fire of London, but part of the
steeple of the old church remains; this has a dial which hangs over
into the street, and the parish is united to St. Clement’s East
Cheap. However, as part of the tower and nave remained, and was
found capable of repairs, after the above dreadful conflagration, a
body of the French protestants of the church of England, obtained a
lease of them of the Minister and Churchwardens, which was confirmed
by an act of parliament; and a church was erected for their use, in
which divine service is still performed after the manner of the
church of England. _Maitland._

FRENCH _court_, 1. Artillery lane, Spitalfields. 2. Cock lane. 3.
Harrow alley. 4. Little Broad street. 5. Pig street. 6. Wentworth
street.

FRENCH ORDINARY _court_, Crutched Friars.

FRENCH _yard_, 1. Artichoke lane. 2. Spital square.

FRENCH _wharf_, Millbank.†

FRESH _wharf_, Thames street.

FRIDAY _street_, Cheapside.

FRIER’S _alley_, Wood street, Cheapside.†

FRIER’S _court_, 1. Old street.† 2. Red Mead lane, near the
Hermitage.†

FRIER’S _lane_, Thames street.†

FRIER’S _rents_, 1. Blackman’s street.† 2. Fishmongers alley.†

FRIER’S _street_, Black Friars.†

FRIERY, in Pall Mall.

FRITH _street_, by Soho.

FROGGET’S _court_, Thieving lane.†

FROG _island_, Nightingale lane, Limehouse.

FROG _lane_, Islington.*

FROGMORE, near Windsor, the seat of the late Duchess Dowager of
Northumberland, lately purchased by the Hon. Edward Walpole, Esq.

FRUITERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
James I. in the year 1605. They are governed by a Master, two
Wardens, and thirty Assistants, and have a livery of sixty-three
members, whose fine on their admission is 5_l._ They have no hall,
and therefore usually meet in that of the parish clerks.

FRYING PAN _alley_, 1. Berwick street.* 2. In the Borough.* 3. Brown’s
gardens.* 4. Deadman’s Place.* 5, Fore street, Lambeth.* 6. Golden
lane.* 7. Great Swan alley.* 8. St. John street, West Smithfield.*
9. Kent street, Southwark. 10. Maze, Southwark.* 11. Oxford street.*
12. Petticoat lane.* 13. Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 14. Tothill
street.* 15. Turnmill street.* 16. Wheeler street.* 17. Wood street,
Cheapside.*

FRYING PAN _stairs_, Wapping Dock.*

FRYING PAN _yard_, Back street, Lambeth.*

FRY’S _alley_, Spring street.†

FRY’S _court_, Tower hill.†

FULHAM, a village four miles from London, on the side of the Thames,
over which it has a wooden bridge to Putney; for the passing of it
not only horses, coaches, and all other carriages, but also foot
passengers pay toll.

FULLER’S _Almshouse_, at Mile end, was founded in the year 1592,
pursuant to the will of Judge Fuller, for twelve ancient poor men of
Stepney parish, for whose relief he endowed it with lands in
Lincolnshire to the value of 50_l._ _per annum_.

In the same year was also founded, in conformity to the will of the
same judge, an almshouse in Old street, Hoxton, for twelve poor
women, each of whom has an allowance of 4_l._ a year, and three
bushels of coals. _Maitland._

FULLER’S _court_, East Smithfield.†

FULLER’S _rents_, near Golden lane, High Holborn.†

FULLER’S _street_, Hare street, Shoreditch.

FULLER’S _school_. See IRONMONGER ROW _School_.

FUMBLER’S _yard_, Priests alley, Tower street.║

FULWOOD’S _rents_, High Holborn.

FURNIVAL’S _Inn_, on the north side of Holborn, almost opposite
Staples Inn, is one the Inns of Chancery. It took its name,
according to Mr. Stow, from its formerly belonging to Sir William
Furnival, Knt. It is a handsome old building of great extent. The
entrance is in the middle by a large gate, which leads into a
spacious court, behind which is a pleasant garden.

FURNIVAL’S INN _court_, Holborn.☐

FURRIERS _alley_, Shoe lane.

_End of the_ SECOND VOLUME.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Pound, shilling and pence abbreviations (_l. s. d._) were
regularized to be italic.
○ On page 232, the name of the painter of “The beasts going into
the ark” is mostly obscured, but the painter Jacopo Bassano did
paint “The Animals Entering Noah’s Ark”. Other works by him are
also in this collection.
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they
were intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or
L^{d.} Egemont.
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores
(_italics_).