Chapter L: LABOUR-IN-VAIN alley, St. Margaret’s hill

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _court_, Old Fish street hill.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _hill_, Thames street.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _street_, Lower Shadwell.*

LABOUR-IN-VAIN _yard_, Thames street.*

LAD _court_, Moses alley, Willow street.

LAD _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.

LADDLE _court_, Cut Throat lane, Upper Shadwell.

LAD’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane.†

LADY _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. King street, Westminster.

LADY ALLEY _Almshouse_, in King street, Westminster, consists of four
rooms for as many poor women, and is said to have been founded by a
King or Queen of England, with an allowance out of the Exchequer of
1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each. _Maitland._

LAMB _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Blackman street, by St.
George’s church, Southwark.* 3. Goodman’s fields. 4. Monkwell street.†
5. In the Old Change.* 6. Saffron hill.* 7. Sherbourn lane, Lombard
street.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. St. Giles’s Broadway.†

LAMB _court_, 1. Abchurch lane. 2. Clerkenwell. 3. Lamb alley,
Southwark.

LAMB’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.†

LAMB’S CHAPEL, situated in a court to which it gives its name, at the
north west corner of London wall, was founded in the reign of Edward
I. and dedicated to St. James, when it was distinguished from other
places of religious worship of the same name by the denomination of
_St. James’s Chapel_, or _Hermitage on the wall_; from its being
erected on or near the city wall in Monkwell street. At the
dissolution of religious houses, King Henry VIII. granted this chapel
to William Lamb, a rich clothworker, who bequeathed it, with other
appurtenances, to the company of which he was a member, and from him
it received its present name.

In this chapel the clothworkers company have four sermons preached to
them upon four principal festivals in the year, viz. upon the feast of
the annunciation of the blessed Virgin, March 25; on the feast of St.
John Baptist, June 24; on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel,
Sept. 29; and on that of St. Thomas the Apostle, Dec. 21; upon which
days the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the company, in conformity to
the above Mr. Lamb’s will, go in their gowns to the chapel and hear a
sermon; after which they relieve twelve poor men and as many women, by
giving one shilling to each; and every Michaelmas they give to each a
frize gown, a lockram shift, and a good pair of winter shoes.

LAMB’S CHAPEL _court_, Monkwell street.

LAMB’S CONDUIT, was according to Stow formed by the above-mentioned Mr.
William Lamb, who having drawn together several springs of water to
one head, at a place which is now the end of Red Lion street, in
Holborn, erected a conduit there, and conveyed part of the water
through leaden pipes the space of two thousand yards to Snow hill,
where having rebuilt a ruinous conduit, which had been long disused,
he laid the water into it. The whole expense of this work, which was
finished March 26, 1577, amounted to 1500_l._ These conduits were
built with stone, with a lamb on the top: the former of these little
edifices gave its name to the adjacent fields, on which the Foundling
hospital is built; but obstructing the view of that truly noble
structure, it was taken down some years ago, and the water being
conveyed to the side of the street, a descent is made to the spring
head by a flight of stone steps. That on Snow hill has also been taken
down, and a pump adorned with lamps placed in its room; the advantage
the city receives from the New River water, rendering these
structures, which were formerly of great advantage, entirely useless.

LAMB’S CONDUIT _Mews_, Millman street, Holborn.

LAMB’S CONDUIT _passage_, Red Lion street.†

LAMB’S _court_, Red Lion court.†

LAMB _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields.† 2. Turnmill street.†

LAMB’S _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate without.† 2. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.

LAMBERT _hill_, generally called Lambeth hill, Thames street; was so
called from Lambert the owner thereof. _Maitland._

LAMBERT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†

LAMBERT’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.†

_Lambeth Palace._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._
]

LAMBETH, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, between Southwark
and Battersea, and near the south end of London bridge; is
particularly famous for its containing, for several ages, the palace
of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This structure was originally formed
by Baldwin, Archbishop of that see, in the year 1188; who first
intended to have raised a superb structure at Hackington, near this
place; but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the
Pope’s mandate against it; when, taking down what he had erected, he
removed the bell of the materials to Lambeth, with which he built the
palace, a college and church, having before purchased the ground of
the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by a fair exchange.

In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, having, by his
arrogance, rendered himself hateful to the citizens of London,
retired, for the security of his person, to this palace; and finding
it in a ruinous condition, within the space of three years rebuilt the
whole north side, the archi-episcopal apartments, the library and
cloisters, the guard-chamber, the chapel, and Lollards tower.

From that time this palace became the residence of the greatest
persons of the church, and was soon enlarged by many additional
buildings: Cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that time, is a
noble structure. The Lollards tower, which is thus named from a room
in it prepared for the imprisonment of the followers of Wickliff, the
first British reformer, who were called Lollards, was finished by
Chichely, and remains a lasting memorial of his cruelty, and
antichristian spirit. It is a small room, twelve feet broad and nine
long, planked with elm, and there still remain eight rings and
staples, to which Christians were chained, for presuming to differ in
opinion from that prelate. The spacious hall was erected by Juxton,
and the brick edifice between the gate and this hall was begun by
Archbishop Sancroft, and finished by the immortal Tillotson.

From the present structure being thus erected at different periods, it
is not at all surprizing that it has but little appearance of
uniformity; but the edifice, tho’ old, is in most parts strong; the
corners are faced with rustic, and the top surrounded with
battlements; but the principal apartments are well proportioned, and
well enlightened: the Gothic work about it is irregularly disposed,
and it is in itself irregular. Some of the inner rooms are too close
and confined; but there are many others open and pleasant in
themselves, with the advantage of being convenient, and of affording
very agreeable prospects. For as this palace is situated on the bank
of the Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and, from
the higher apartments, a prospect of the country each way.

The palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of
Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a very pretty
picturesque appearance, and this is the view which is here given.

In this palace is a very fine library, founded in the year 1610, by
Archbishop Sancroft, who left by will all his books, for the use of
his successors in the archi-episcopal see of Canterbury. This library
has been greatly increased by the benefactions of the Archbishops
Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennyson, and consists of 617 volumes in
manuscript, and above 14,500 printed books.

The church, which stands by the palace, is a very antique structure,
dedicated to St. Mary. It has a square tower, and both that and the
body of the church are crowned with battlements. In this parish are
eight precincts, denominated the Archbishop’s, the Prince’s, Vauxhall,
Kennington, the Marsh, the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean’s precinct.
It is remarkable, that at Lambeth Wall is a spot of ground, containing
an acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar’s acre, which has belonged to
the parish from time immemorial, and is said to have been given by a
pedlar, upon condition that his picture, with that of his dog, be
perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the
church; which the parishioners carefully performed in the south east
window of the middle isle. _Maitland._

LAMBETH BUTTS, Lambeth.

LAMBETH MARSH, between Lambeth and Spring Gardens.

LAMBETH _road_, Newington Butts.

LAMBETH _School_, was founded by Richard Laurence, citizen and merchant
of London, in the year 1661, for educating twenty poor children of the
Marsh and Wall liberties of this parish, for which purpose he endowed
it with 35_l._ _per annum_.

LAMBETH _stairs_, Lambeth.

LANCASTER _college_, in the parish of St. Gregory near St. Paul’s, was a
hall founded by King Henry IV. and the executors of John of Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster; containing lodgings and a common hall for charity
priests to officiate in a chapel, on the north side of the choir of
St. Paul’s cathedral; but it was suppressed, and granted to one Mr.
William Gunter, in the second year of Edward VI. _Maitland._

_Duchy of_ LANCASTER COURT, held at Gray’s Inn. This court owes its
origin to King Henry IV. after his having deposed Richard II. when,
possessing the duchy of Lancaster in right of his mother, he imagined
his claim to it better than that to the throne, and therefore
separated it from the Crown, and erected this court for its use. Here
all matters of law and equity, belonging to the duchy or county
palatine of Lancaster, are tried and determined by the Chancellor, who
is the chief judge, and is assisted by his attorney general, and other
officers. _Maitland._

_Duchy of_ LANCASTER LIBERTY, begins on the outside of Temple Bar, and
extending along the south side of the Strand to the east side of Cecil
street, reaches down it to the Thames, and thence to Essex Buildings,
taking in all the houses to Temple Bar. On the north side it extends
from Temple Bar to where the Maypole stood, and extending down
Holiwell street, commonly called the back of St. Clement’s, passes by
Butcher row, taking in all that range of buildings. Beyond the place
of the Maypole, this liberty begins again by the Fountain tavern in
Catharine street, and reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as
Exeter exchange; then turning up Burleigh street, it runs up within
four houses of the corner of Essex street, and, crossing it, proceeds
into Catharine street, by the Fountain tavern. _Stow, last edit._

LANCASTER _court_, 1. New Bond street. 2. In the Strand.

LANCASTER _yard_, Holiwell street.

LAND OF PROMISE _lane_, Hoxton.

LANDRESS _alley_, Five feet lane.

LANE’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broadway.†

LANE’S _court_, Cold Bath square, by Cold Bath fields.†

LANGBOURN RIVULET, a brook which formerly took its rise in or near the
east end of Fenchurch street, and ran with a swift current due west,
to Sherbourn lane, at the west end of St. Mary Woolnoth; then dividing
its stream into several rills, ran directly south, and was lost in the
Wall Brook, on Dowgate hill. _Maitland._

LANGBOURN WARD, took its name from the Langbourn, or rivulet
above-mentioned. It is bounded on the north by Aldgate and Lime street
wards; on the west, by Wallbrook ward; on the south, by Candlewick,
Bridge, Billingsgate, and Tower street wards; and on the east, by
Aldgate ward. Its principal streets are great part of Fenchurch
street, and Lombard street, Exchange alley, Birchinlane, &c.

The most remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Mary Woolnoth,
St. Edmund the King, Allhallows Lombard street, and St. Dionis
Backchurch; the General Post office, Pewterers hall, and the hall
belonging to the Hudson’s Bay company.

This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, ten Common Council
men, seventeen wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, fifteen
constables, and a beadle; and the jurors returned by the wardmote
inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of
November.

LANGDON’S _rents_, Bett’s street.

LANGLEY PARK, near Langley Green, in Buckinghamshire, belongs to the
Duke of Marlborough. The late Duke began to build a new house of stone
in this park, but one of the wings is yet wanting to compleat the
design, which is more remarkable for its elegance than grandeur.

LANGLEY _street_, 1. Long Acre.† 2. Whitecross street.†

LANG’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane.†

LASSINGBY’S _court_, Conduit court, Long Acre.†

LAST _alley_, 1. Cow Cross, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.*

LAST AND BALL _court_, London Wall.*

LATIMERS, a hamlet with a chapel of ease to Chesham in Bucks, received
its name from its ancient Lords. In this hamlet lived Sir Edwyn Sands,
whose daughter having four sons and nine daughters by her husband Sir
Thomas Temple, ancestor of the present Earl Temple, lived to see 700
descended from her, and died in 1656. The Lord James Cavendish has
here a seat.

LAVENDER _street_, near Cuckold’s Point.

LAUGHTON’S _rents_, Cinnamon street.†

_St._ LAWRENCE _Jewry_, on the north side of Cateaton street, in Cheap
ward, is thus denominated from its being dedicated to St. Lawrence, a
native of Huesca in the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, who, after having
suffered the most dreadful torments under the Emperor Valerian, was
cruelly broiled alive upon a gridiron, with a slow fire, till he died:
and it received the additional epithet of Jewry, from its situation
among the Jews, who formerly resided in the streets near that church;
to distinguish it from St. Lawrence Poultney, now demolished.
_Maitland._

This church being burnt, with many others, in the dreadful fire of
London in 1666, was rebuilt at the parish expence, with a very
considerable benefaction by Sir John Langham.

It is eighty-one feet long, sixty-eight broad, forty feet high to the
roof, and the steeple 130 feet high. The body is enlightened by two
series of windows, the lower ones large and uniform, and the upper
small. At the east end is a pediment with niches supported by
Corinthian columns. The tower, which is lofty, is terminated by a
balustrade with plain pinnacles, and within this balustrade rises a
kind of lanthorn, which supports the base of the spire.

This church is a vicarage in the gift of the Master and Scholars of
Baliol college in Oxford, and the profits of the Incumbent are much
augmented by the parish of St. Mary Magdalen Milk street being annexed
to it: he receives 120_l._ a year from the parish, and 20_l._ from
Baliol college.

LAWRENCE _lane_, 1. From Cheapside to Cateaton street, near the above
church. 2. High street, St. Giles’s. 3. New street Lambeth.

_St._ LAWRENCE _Poultney_, on the west side of St. Lawrence Poultney’s
lane, was so denominated from the above saint, and Mr. John Poultney,
who founded a college there; but the church being consumed in the
general conflagration in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was united
to that of St. Mary Abchurch.

LAWRENCE POULTNEY _hill_, Canon street.†

LAWRENCE POULTNEY _lane_, Canon street.†

LEAD OFFICE, in Ingram’s court, Fenchurch street. This office belongs to
a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King William and
Queen Mary in the year 1692, under the title of _The Governor and
Company for melting down lead with pit and sea coal_. By this patent
they are empowered to raise a joint stock for the effectual carrying
on the business of smelting, or drawing lead from the ore with sea
coal instead of wood.

This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy
Governor, and twelve Assistants. _Maitland._

LEADENHALL, a very large building of great antiquity in Leadenhall
street, with flat battlements leaded at the top, and a spacious square
in the middle. In this edifice are the warehouse for the selling of
leather, the Colchester baize hall, the meal warehouse, and the wool
hall.

LEADENHALL MARKET, the largest market in the city of London, and perhaps
in Europe, consists of five considerable squares, or courts, the first
of which opens by a large Gothic gate into Leadenhall street. This
court, which is surrounded by the buildings called Leadenhall, is
surrounded with sheds for butchers, tanners, &c. As there is but
little meat sold here except beef, this is called the Beef market.
This square is on Tuesday a market for leather; on Thursdays the
waggons from Colchester, and other parts, come with baize, &c. and the
felmongers with wool; on Fridays it is a market for raw hides, and on
Saturdays for beef.

Behind this market are two others separated by a range of buildings of
a considerable length, with shops and rooms on each side. In both
these are principally sold small meat, as mutton, veal, lamb, and
pork, and some of the shops sell beef. In the easternmost of these
markets is a market house supported on pillars, with vaults
underneath, and rooms above, with a clock and a bell tower, and
underneath are sold various sorts of provision. Beyond these is a very
spacious market for fowl. There is another called the Herb-market,
which has an entrance into Leadenhall street, but this does not
succeed. The passages into the above markets from Lime street and
Gracechurch street, are filled with the dealers in provisions of
various kinds.

LEADENHALL _street_ extends from the end of Cornhill, at the corner of
Gracechurch street, to Aldgate street within.

LEATHER _lane_, Holborn.

LEATHERDRESSERS _yard_, Paul’s Alley.

LEATHERHEAD, or LETHERHEAD, a small town in Surry, situated about four
miles to the S. W. of Epsom. It had formerly a market, which has been
discontinued above an hundred years. Here is a bridge over the river
Mole, which having sunk into the earth near Mickleham, at the foot of
Boxhill, rises again near this town, and runs through Cobham, to the
Thames at Moulsey. ’Tis pleasantly situated on a rising bank by the
side of the river, and in as good a situation for riding or hunting as
most within twenty miles of London, it having a fine, open, dry,
champaign country almost all round it.

LEATHERSELLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by
Henry VI. in the Year 1442. They are governed by a Prime, and three
Wardens, with twenty-six Assistants, and an hundred and fifty-six
liverymen, who at their admission pay a fine of 20_l._ each.

By a grant of Henry VII. the Wardens of this corporation, or their
deputies, were impowered to have the inspection of sheeps, lambs, and
calves leather throughout the kingdom, in order the more effectually
to prevent frauds in those commodities.

LEATHERSELLERS _hall_ in Little St. Helen’s, was part of the convent of
nuns dedicated to St. Helen, and considering the antiquity of its
building, has some of the best joiners and plaisterers work in the
kingdom. The entrance into the common hall is up a handsome flight of
stone steps from the court yard. The screen is magnificently adorned
with six columns of the Ionic order, enrichments, &c. and the ceiling
enriched with fretwork.

_Boyle’s_ LECTURE. See the article BOYLE’S LECTURE.

LEE’S _Almshouse_, upon the Narrow Wall, Lambeth, was erected by Gerard
Van Lee; and Valentine Van Lee, who was probably his son, gave the
eight poor inhabitants of this house, the sum of 5_l._ _per annum_,
for the term of five hundred Years. _Maitland._

LEE’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.† 2. Hockley in the Hole.†

LEE’S _street_, Red Lion square, Holborn.†

LEG _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Shoreditch.* 4.
Tooley street.*

LEG _court_, Peter street, Westminster.*

_St._ LEGER’S _wharf_, Tooley street.†

LEGGET’S _walk_, Upper Ground.†

LEICESTER _fields_, a very handsome square, the inner part of which is
enclosed with iron rails, and adorned with grass plats and gravel
walks, in the center of which is an equestrian statue of his present
majesty gilt. The buildings with which this square is surrounded, are
very good, especially the north side, where is Leicester house, once
the seat of the Earl of Leicester, and now inhabited by her Royal
Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales. This is a large brick
building, neat and commodious, though not magnificent. It has a
spacious court before, and a fine garden behind it; there is here a
good collection of pictures; and from this house the square is
denominated. Next to this edifice is the house of Sir George Savile,
Bart. in which his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales resides at
present.

LEICESTER _street_, 1. By Leicester fields.☐ 2. Liquorpond street. 3.
Warwick street, Haymarket.

LEIGH’S _court_, St. Catharine’s lane.†

LEITH HILL, near Boxhill in Surry, admired for affording one of the
noblest prospects in all Europe, of which Mr. Dennis gives a lively
description in his Letters familiar, moral and critical; we shall
therefore transcribe his words. “In a late journey,” says he, “which I
took into the Wild of Sussex, I passed over an hill which shewed me a
more transporting sight than ever the country had shewn me before,
either in England or Italy. The prospects which in Italy pleased me
most, were that of the Valdarno from the Apennines; that of Rome, and
the Mediterranean from the mountains of Viterbo; of Rome at forty, and
the Mediterranean at fifty miles distance from it; and that of the
Campagne of Rome from Tivoli and Frescati; from which two places you
see every foot of that famous Campagne, even from the bottom of Tivoli
and Frescati to the very foot of the mountain of Viterbo, without any
thing to intercept your sight. But from an hill which I passed in my
late journey into Sussex, I had a prospect more extensive than any of
these, and which surpassed them at once in rural charms, in pomp, and
in magnificence. The hill which I speak of, is called Leith Hill, and
is about five miles southward from Darking, about six from Box Hill,
and near twelve from Epsom. It juts itself out about two miles beyond
that range of hills which terminate the north downs to the south. When
I saw from one of these hills, at about two miles distance that side
of Leith Hill which faces the northern downs, it appeared the
beautifullest prospect I had ever seen: but after we had conquered the
hill itself, I saw a sight that would transport a stoic; a sight that
looked like enchantment and vision. Beneath us lay open to our view
all the wilds of Surry and Sussex, and a great part of that of Kent,
admirably diversified in every part of them with woods, and fields of
corn and pastures, every where adorned with stately rows of trees.

“This beautiful vale is about thirty miles in breadth, and about sixty
in length, and is terminated to the south by the majestic range of the
southern hills, and the sea: and it is no easy matter to decide,
whether these hills, which appear at thirty, forty, fifty miles
distance, with their tops in the sky, seem more aweful and venerable,
or the delicious vale between you and them more inviting. About noon,
in a serene day, you may at thirty miles distance, see the very water
of the sea through a chasm of the mountains. And that which above all
makes it a noble and a wonderful prospect, is, that at the same time
that, at thirty miles distance, you behold the very water of the sea;
at the same time that you behold to the south, the most delicious
rural prospect in the world; at that very time, by a little turn of
your head towards the north, you look full over Box Hill, and see the
country beyond it, between that and London; and, over the very
stomacher of it, see St. Paul’s at twenty-five miles distance, and
London beneath it, and Highgate and Hampstead beyond it.”

LEMON _street_, 1. Goodman’s fields.† 2. Lowman’s Pond row, Southwark.†

LEMONTREE _yard_, Bedfordsbury.*

_St._ LEONARD’S _Eastcheap_, was dedicated to Leonard, a French saint,
and mighty miracle-monger, and stood on the east side of Fish street
hill, near Little Eastcheap; but being destroyed by the fire of London
in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to that of St.
Bennet’s Gracechurch street. _Maitland._

_St._ LEONARD’S _Foster lane_, was dedicated to the above-mentioned
saint, and stood on the west side of Foster lane, Cheapside; but
suffering in the fatal catastrophe of 1666, and not being rebuilt, the
parish is annexed to that of Christ’s Church.

_St._ LEONARD’S _Shoreditch_. There was a church in this place dedicated
to the same saint in very early times, and there are records of a
dispute concerning itz in the reign of Henry II. The last structure,
which was a very mean heavy pile, stood till the year 1735, when the
inhabitants having the year before applied to parliament, it was
pulled down, and the present light and elegant edifice was soon after
erected in its room. _Strype’s edit. of Stow._

To this church there is an ascent by a double flight of plain steps,
which lead to a portico of the angular kind supported by four Doric
columns, and bearing an angular pediment. The body of the edifice is
plain, but well enlightened, and the steeple light, elegant and lofty.
The tower at a proper height has a series of Ionic columns, and on
their entablature are scrolls which support as many Corinthian columns
placed on pedestals, and supporting a dome, from whose crown rises a
series of columns of the Composite order, on whose entablature rests
the spire standing upon four balls, which give it an additional air of
lightness; and on the top, as usual, is a ball and fane.

This church is both a rectory and a vicarage; but the distinct rights
of the Rector and Vicar are said to be not thoroughly ascertained;
however the profits of the vicarage amount to about 350_l._ a year.

LEOPARD _alley_, Saffron hill.*

LEOPARD’S _court_, Baldwin’s Gardens.

LESTER’S _yard_, Bluegate fields.†

LEVERIDGE’S _yard_, Nightingale lane.†

LEWISHAM, a town in Kent, situated on the river Ravensburn, between
Blackheath and Surry. Here are two free schools, of which the
Leathersellers company in London are Governors.

LEWIS’S _yard_, 1. Greenbank, Wapping.† 2. Saffron hill.†

LEYDON _street_, Shadwell market.†

LIDIER’S _court_, Saltpetre bank.†

LIFEGUARD _yard_, Oxford street.

LILLEY’S _alley_, Saffron hill.†

LILLIPOT _lane_, Noble street, Foster lane.†

LIMEHOUSE, was anciently a village above two miles distant from the city
of London, though it is now joined by a continued chain of buildings:
its original name was Limehurst, which has been corrupted to
Limehouse, This, according to Mr. Stow, is a Saxon word signifying a
grove of lime trees, and it was given to this village, on account of
the number of those trees anciently in that neighbourhood.

LIMEHOUSE _bridge_, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE _causeway_, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE _corner_, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE _dock_, Narrow street, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE _Fore street_, at the end of Ratcliff Narrow street.

LIMEHOUSE HOLE, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE HOLE _stairs_, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE HOLE _street_, Limehouse.

LIMEHOUSE _road_, White Horse street.

LIMEKILN _dock_, Limehouse.

LIMEKILN _hill_, Limehouse.

LIMEKILN _yard_, Limehouse.

LIME _street_, extends from Leadenhall street into Fenchurch street, and
is thus called from its being anciently a place where lime was either
made or sold. _Maitland._

LIME STREET _square_, Lime street.

LIME STREET WARD, is very small, and is bounded on the north and east by
Aldgate ward; on the south by Langbourn ward; and on the west, by
Bishopsgate ward. It is observable that there is no church, nor whole
street in this ward, though it runs through several parishes. Its
principal buildings are the East India House, and Leadenhall.

To this ward belong an Alderman and four Common Council men, including
the Deputy, four constables, two scavengers, sixteen wardmote inquest
men, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve
as jurors in the several courts in Guildhall, in the month of
November.

LIME TREE _court_, Narrow wall, Southwark.‡

LIMPSFIELD, a village near Croydon in Surry, in the Kent road.

LINCOLN’S INN, one of the four Inns of Court, is situated on the west
side of Chancery lane, where formerly stood the houses of the Bishop
of Chichester and of the Black Friars, the latter erected about the
year 1222, and the former about 1226; but both of them coming to Henry
Lacey, Earl of Lincoln, he built in their room a stately mansion for
his city residence. It however afterwards reverted to the bishopric of
Chichester, and was demised by Robert Sherbourn, Bishop of that see,
to Mr. William Syliard, a student there, for a term of years; after
the expiration of which Dr. Richard Sampson, his successor, in the
year 1536 passed the inheritance thereof to the said Syliard and
Eustace his brother; and the latter, in 1579, in consideration of the
sum of 500_l._ conveyed the house and gardens in fee to Richard
Kingsmill and the rest of the benchers.

The charge of admission into this house, including fees, amount to
5_l._ and every student, after studying there seven years, is admitted
to the bar. The members are obliged to be a fortnight in commons every
term, on the penalty of paying 18_s._ in case of absence. _Stow._
_Maitland._

Lincoln’s Inn principally consists of three rows of good buildings,
all taken up by gentlemen of the society. These form three sides of
the square, and here the buildings are all new and uniform, the north
side lying open to the gardens, which are greatly improved with gravel
walks, grass plats, rows of trees, and a very long terrace walk, which
affords a fine prospect of Lincoln’s Inn Fields. In the middle of the
square is a neat fluted Corinthian column in a small bason surrounded
with iron bars. This column supports a handsome sun dial, which has
four sides, and on the corners of the pedestal are four naked boys
spouting water out of Tritons’ shells. This is one of the neatest
squares in town, and tho’ it is imperfect on one side, that very
defect produces a beauty by giving a prospect of the gardens, which
are only separated from it by iron rails, and fill the space to
abundantly more advantage. No area is kept in better order for
cleanliness and beauty by day, or illuminations and decorum by night.
The fountain in the middle is a pretty decoration. The print
represents as much of the square as could be taken in the visual angle
at one view, with the fountain in the middle, as it appears coming
into it from Portugal row. This is one of the most considerable Inns
of Court possessed by the gentlemen of the law. Here is a good hall
and chapel of Gothic architecture. The latter was built by Inigo
Jones, who notwithstanding his skill and reputation in architecture,
could not persuade them to have it in any other stile.

The above gardens, which are extremely pleasant and commodious, are,
like those of Gray’s Inn, laid open for public use; the greatest part
of the west side of the square is taken up with the offices belonging
to the stamp duty. See STAMP OFFICE.

A little behind the north east side of the square is the above chapel,
which was built about the year 1622 or 1623, on pillars, with an
ambulatory or walk underneath, paved with broad stones. This walk,
particularly when illuminated by the lamps, inspires the mind with a
kind of melancholy pleasure, that may be better felt than described.
The outside of the chapel is a good piece of Gothic architecture, and
the windows are painted with the figures at full length of the
principal personages mentioned in the sacred Scriptures. On the twelve
windows on the north side, are Abraham, Moses, Eli, David, and the
prophets Daniel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos, and Zachariah, with
John the Baptist, and St. Paul, and on the south side are the rest of
the Apostles. Under these figures are the arms of a great number of
the gentlemen belonging to this society. The colours in these
paintings being extremely bright and beautiful, it is not at all
surprizing that these pictures on glass should be much admired, though
the designs are in reality but poor, and there is little expression in
the faces.

In the old buildings fronting the garden beyond the square, is the
library, which consists of a good collection of books in several
languages and faculties.

_S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._
_Lincoln’s Inn._
]

LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, is universally allowed to be the largest, and one
of the most beautiful squares in London, if not in Europe. It is
encompassed on three sides by houses, and on the east by the wall of
the terrace of Lincoln’s Inn garden. The north side is called Newman’s
row, the west side Arch row, the south side Portugal row, and the east
side Lincoln’s Inn wall. This square was originally laid out by the
masterly hand of Inigo Jones, and it is said that the sides of it are
the exact measure of the great Pyramid of Egypt. It was intended to
have been built all in the same stile; but there were not a sufficient
number of people of taste, to accomplish so great a work. The house
which was late the Duke of Ancaster’s, is built on this model; but
elevated and improved so as to make it more suitable to the quality of
the owner. It has that simple grandeur which characterises all the
designs of the celebrated Inigo Jones. The print here given of it may
serve to convey some idea not only of this particular house, but of
the noble appearance which the whole square would have made had it
been all built after this fine design.

Some of the houses however in this square are grand and noble, but
they are far from having that beauty which arises from uniformity. The
square is now adorned with a fine bason in the middle, well supplied
with water; and with grass plats and gravel walks, encompassed with an
iron pallisade fixed upon a stone plinth, at a proper distance from
the buildings.

LINCOLN’S INN _gate_, on the south side of Lincoln’s Inn square.

LINCOLN’S INN _passage_, on the west side of Lincoln’s Inn square.

LINTON’S _court_, Near New Gravel lane.†

LINTON’S _lane_, Newington Butts.†

LINTON’S _yard_, Milk yard, Shadwell.†

LION AND LAMB _alley_, Golden lane.*

LION’S _court_, Lutener’s Lane.†

LION’S INN, anciently a common Inn, with the sign of the Lion, is one of
the Inns in Chancery, and is situated between Holiwell street and Wych
street. It is a member of the Inner Temple, and is governed by a
Treasurer and twelve Ancients, who with the other members are to be
three weeks in commons in Michaelmas term, and a fortnight in each of
the rest. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Maitland._

LION’S INN _court_, Lion’s Inn.*

LION’S _key_, Thames street.†

LION’S _street_, Bloomsbury.†

LION’S _yard_, Whitecross street.†

LIQUORPOND _street_, Leather lane.

LISLE _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.†

LISSHAM _Green_, a pleasant village near Paddington.

LITCHFIELD _street_, Soho.

LITTLE ALMONRY, by the Great Almonry, Westminster; so named from the
alms given there. See the next article.

LITTLE ALMONRY _Almshouse_, situated in the Little Almonry, was founded
by Henry VII. for the accommodation of twelve poor watermen and their
wives, who annually receive of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster
7_l._ 2_s._ 4_d._ each couple, with a purple gown every other year;
and for the burial of a Duke, Marquis, or their Ladies in the Abbey,
1_l._ 6_s._ 6_d._ and for that of an Earl, Baron, or their Ladies,
10_s._ 6_d._

LITTLE _St._ ANDREW’S _street_, Seven Dials.

LITTLE _St._ ANN’S _lane_, 1. Old Pye street. 2. Peter street,
Westminster.

LITTLE ARGYLE _street_, Argyle street, Great Marlborough street.†

LITTLE ARTHUR _street_, Great Arthur street, Goswell street.†

LITTLE ASHENTREE _court_, Water lane.‡

LITTLE AYLIFF _street_, Goodman’s Fields.†

LITTLE BACON _street_, Brick lane.†

LITTLE BAILEY _street_, Little Tower hill.†

LITTLE BANDYLEG _walk_, Queen street.

LITTLE BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, Little Britain.

LITTLE BEAR _key_, Thames street. See BEAR _key_.

LITTLE BELL _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Grub street.*

LITTLE BENNET’S _court_, Marygold court.†

LITTLE BLACK HORSE _court_, Aldersgate street.

LITTLE BOOTH _street_, Coverley’s fields.

LITTLE BOSS _alley_, Thames street.

LITTLE BRICK _lane_, Nicol’s street.

LITTLE BRIDGES _street_, Bridges street.†

LITTLE BRITAIN, extends from Aldersgate street to Duck lane. This was
anciently called Britain street, from the Duke of Britany’s palace
situated in it near St. Botolph’s church.

LITTLE BROAD _street_, Broad street, London wall.

LITTLE BROOK’S _street_, Grosvenor square.†

LITTLE BUSH _lane_, Thames street.

LITTLE BUR _street_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.†

LITTLE CABLE _street_, 1. Cable street, Rag Fair.† 2. Wellclose square.†

LITTLE CARTER _lane_, Old Change.†

LITTLE CASTLE _street_, Winsley street.*

LITTLE CATHARINE _street_, In the Strand.

LITTLE CHANDOS _street_, St. Martin’s lane.

LITTLE CHAPEL _street_, 1. Great Wardour street. 2. By New Chapel
street, Westminster.

LITTLE CHEAPSIDE, Three Cranes, Thames street.

LITTLE CHEAPSIDE _yard_, Three Crane alley.

LITTLE COCK _alley_, 1. Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 2. Whitecross
street, Cripplegate.*

LITTLE COCK _hill_, Ratcliff.†

LITTLE _court_, 1. Duke’s Place, by Aldgate. 2. St. Mary Overies church
yard.

LITTLE CROW _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

LITTLE CROWDER’S WELL _alley_, Jewin street.

LITTLE CROWN _alley_, Long Alley, Moorfields.*

LITTLE DEAN’S _court_, St. Martin’s le Grand.

LITTLE DEAN’S _yard_, Dean’s Yard, Westminster.

LITTLE DICE _key_, Thames street.

LITTLE DISTAFF _lane_, Old Change.

LITTLE DRURY _lane_, in the Strand.

LITTLE DUKE’S PLACE, or _court_, Leadenhall street.

LITTLE DUNNING’S _alley_, near Bishopsgate street.†

LITTLE EARL _street_, Seven Dials.†

LITTLE EASTCHEAP, Gracechurch street.

LITTLE ELBOW _lane_, 1. In Great Elbow lane, Thames street. 2. Ratcliff.

LITTLE ESSEX _street_, Essex street, in the Strand.

LITTLE FLOWER DE LUCE _court_, Cowcross.*

LITTLE FRIARS _gate_, Fleet street, leading to White Friars.

LITTLE FRIDAY _street_, Friday street, Cheapside.

LITTLE GEORGE _street_, 1. Great George street, Conduit street. 2. Great
George street, Spitalfields.

LITTLE GLOUCESTER _court_, Chequer alley, Whitecross street.

LITTLE GLOUCESTER _street_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.

LITTLE GRAY’S INN _lane_, Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn.

LITTLE GREENWICH, Aldersgate street.

LITTLE GREENWICH _alley_, Aldersgate street.

LITTLE GROSVENOR _street_, Grosvenor square.

LITTLE GUN _alley_, Orchard, Wapping.*

LITTLE HART _street_, near Covent Garden.

LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S, Bishopsgate street. See _St._ HELEN’S.

LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _Almshouse_, was erected by the Leathersellers
company, pursuant to the will of John Hasilwood, of Waltham, Esq; in
the year 1544, for the reception of four men and three women, who were
allowed by the founder only 8_d._ per week each; but by other
benefactions, and the bounty of the company, they now receive 2_s._
weekly, and six bushels of coals at Christmas. _Maitland._

LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _court_, Bishopsgate street within.

LITTLE HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping.

LITTLE HOLLIS’S _street_, Hanover square.†

LITTLE HOWARD’S _yard_, Angel alley.†

LITTLE JERMAIN _street_, St. James’s street.

LITTLE JOHN’S _street_, Davis’s street.

LITTLE ISLAND, New Gravel lane.

LITTLE IVY _lane_, Ivy lane.‡

LITTLE KING’S HEAD _court_, near Shoe lane, Fleet street.

LITTLE KING’S _street_, St. James’s street.

LITTLE KIRBY _street_, Hatton garden.†

LITTLE KNIGHTRIDER _street_, Great Knightrider street, by Addle hill.

LITTLE LAMB _alley_, Blackman street.*

LITTLE LAST _alley_, East Smithfield.*

LITTLE LOMBARD _street_, Lombard street, by the Mansion house.

LITTLE LOVE _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside.

LITTLE MADDOX _street_, New Bond street.

LITTLE MARLBOROUGH _street_, Carnaby street.

LITTLE MARSH _yard_, near Wapping.

LITTLE _St._ MARTIN’S _lane_, Charing Cross.

LITTLE MATCH _walk_, Upper Shadwell.

LITTLE MAYPOLE _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.

LITTLE MAZEPOND _street_, in the Maze.

LITTLE MINORIES, that part of the Minories which is railed in, and is
out of the city liberties. See the article MINORIES.

LITTLE MINORIES _court_, Little Minories.

LITTLE MITCHELL’S _street_, Old street.†

LITTLE MONTAGUE _court_, Little Britain.

LITTLE MONTAGUE _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields. 2. Pelham
street.

LITTLE MOORFIELDS, Fore street, Moorgate.

LITTLE MOOR _yard_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†

LITTLE MOUSE _alley_, East Smithfield.

LITTLE NEW _court_, Lamb alley.

LITTLE NEWPORT _street_, Great Newport lane.

LITTLE NEW _street_, New street, Shoe lane.

LITTLE NEW STREET _hill_, near Shoe lane.

LITTLE NIGHTINGALE _lane_, Burr street.

LITTLE NORTHUMBERLAND _alley_, Crutched Friars.

LITTLE NOTTINGHAM _street_, Dyot street.

LITTLE OLD BAILEY, Great Old Bailey.

LITTLE ORMOND _street_, 1. Southampton row. 2. Red Lion street, Holborn.

LITTLE ORMOND _yard_, Ormond street.

LITTLE PEARL _street_, Lamb street, Spitalfields.*

LITTLE PETER _street_, 1. Little Windmill street. 2. Tufton street.

LITTLE PORTLAND _street_, Portland street.

LITTLE PRESCOT _street_, Goodman’s fields.†

LITTLE PRINCE’S _street_, 1. Near High Holborn. 2. Old Soho.

LITTLE QUEEN _street_, 1. Dean street, Soho. 2. High Holborn. 3. King
street, Rotherhith. 4. Queen street, Wapping. 5. Westminster.

LITTLE RIDER’S _court_, Little Newport street.†

LITTLE RIDER _street_, St. James’s street.†

LITTLE ROPE _walk_, Goswell street.

LITTLE RUSSEL _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Drury lane.

LITTLE RUTLAND _court_, Addle hill.

LITTLE SANCTUARY, King street, Westminster.

LITTLE SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall.

LITTLE SHEER _lane_, Sheer lane, Temple bar.

LITTLE SMITH _street_, Smith street, Marsham street.†

LITTLE SPRING _street_, Spring street, Shadwell.

LITTLE STAR _alley_, Mark lane.*

LITTLE STONE _stairs_, Ratcliff.

LITTLE SUFFOLK _street_, Haymarket.

LITTLE SWALLOW _street_, Swallow street.

LITTLE SWAN _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Goswell street.* 3. Mount
Mill.* 4. St. John’s street, West Smithfield.* 5. Three colts yard,
London Wall.*

LITTLE SWORDBEARERS _alley_, Chiswell street.

LITTLE _St._ THOMAS APOSTLE’S _lane_, Queen street, Cheapside.

LITTLE THOMPSON’S _rents_, Half Moon alley, Coleman street.†

LITTLE THREE TUN _alley_, Near Whitechapel.*

LITTLE TOWER HILL, At the bottom of the Minories.

LITTLE TOWER _street_, At the west end of Tower street.

LITTLE TRINITY _lane_, In Trinity lane, Bow lane.

LITTLE TURNSTILE _alley_, High Holborn.

LITTLE TWYFORD’S _alley_, St. Ermin’s hill.†

LITTLE VINE _street_, Vine street.*

LITTLE WARDOUR _street_, Tweed street.

LITTLE WARNER _street_, Cold Bath fields.†

LITTLE WARWICK _street_, Cockspur street.

LITTLE WHITE BEAR _court_, Black Friars.*

LITTLE WHITE LION _street_, Seven Dials.*

LITTLE WILD _street_, Great Wild street.†

LITTLE WINCHESTER _street_, London Wall.

LITTLE WINDMILL _street_, Near Cambridge street.

LITTLE WOOD _street_, Cripplegate.

LITTLE YORK _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.

LITTLETON _street_, Golden lane.†

LITTON _street_, Golden lane.†

LLOYD’S _court_, 1. Denmark street, Soho.† 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.†

LLOYD’S _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.†

LLOYD’S _yard_, Skinner’s street.†

LOCK HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park Corner, for the cure of the venereal
disease. This charitable foundation was established, and is still
supported by the voluntary contributions of gentlemen, who have had
the humanity to consider, that pain and misery, however produced,
entitle frail mortals to relief from their fellow creatures. They
therefore, in imitation of the munificence of the Almighty, who causes
his sun to shine on the evil and the good, afford relief equally to
the innocent and the guilty.

Patients were first received into this hospital on the 31st of January
1747, since which time to the 10th of March 1752, there were
discharged from it 1432; besides those who received benefit from it,
by being out-patients; and the in-patients cured from the 10th of
March 1752, to the 10th of March 1753, amounted to 308; besides
twenty-one cured as out-patients. In that year four died, and at that
last period, there were forty patients in the house, and five
out-patients.

Among the above unhappy objects were several married women, children
and infants, many of whom were admitted by the weekly committee, even
without any other recommendation than their distress, they being
almost naked, pennyless and starving. The virtuous, the humane reader
will be astonished at reading, that at the end of the above period,
among the other miserable objects who found relief, were upwards of
sixty children from two to ten or twelve years old, who became
infected from ways little suspected by the generality of mankind; from
the absurd opinion, imbibed by the lower class, both males and
females, that by communicating this loathsome disease to one that is
sound, they will get rid of it themselves; and from this principle,
which is contradicted by daily experience, the most horrid acts of
barbarity have been frequently committed on poor little infants; and
thus these vile wretches have entailed the most dreadful disease on
these innocent infants, without affording the least relief to
themselves. This the Governors have thought their duty to publish, in
order, as much as possible, to root out from among mankind an opinion
at once so base, so false, and productive of such cruelty.

From the above account of the happy success of this charity, its great
usefulness must appear extremely obvious to every humane well disposed
person: and many such may be induced to contribute to it, when they
are informed that any sum not less than a guinea a year, will be
acceptable.

Every gentleman subscribing 5_l._ a year, or upwards, is a Governor of
this hospital; and whoever gives a benefaction of 50_l._ at one time,
is a Governor for life: but no Governor above two years in arrear, can
have any power or privilege as a Governor, till he has paid his
arrears.

A committee of at least five of the Governors meet every Saturday
morning at ten o’clock, to admit and discharge patients, adjust the
weekly accounts, receive the reports of the visitors, and examine the
affairs of the house.

Two of the contributors are appointed weekly by the committee to
examine every day into the behaviour of the patients and nurses, and
make their report, as it shall appear to them, at the next weekly
board.

The orders of the house are:

I. That no patient is to be admitted but who brings a recommendation
in writing, signed by a Governor, or one of the weekly committee.

II. That all recommendations for the admission of patients are
received every Saturday morning till eleven o’clock.

III. Every patient is obliged to submit to the rules and orders of the
house, or be discharged for irregularity.

IV. No person discharged for irregularity, can ever be received into
the house again, on any recommendation whatsoever.

V. That no Governor have more than one patient in the house at a time;
and that a preference be always given to those who subscribe the
largest sums, so far as the case of the patient will admit.

VI. That no nurse, or any other person belonging to this hospital, do
presume to take any reward whatsoever from any patient, either at
their admission, continuance in the house, or discharge out of it, on
pain of being immediately expelled, by order of the next weekly board.

VII. That no security at the admission of any patient be required for
his burial; but when any patient dies in the hospital, he or she shall
be buried at the expence of the society, unless it be otherwise
desired by the friends of the deceased.

The contributors are desired to send their subscriptions to the
Treasurer at the weekly board, held every Saturday morning in the
hospital; and in order to supply the current expence of the charity,
the subscribers are requested to pay their annual subscriptions in
advance.

There is a poor’s box in the public hall, for the reception of small
sums, or from such as are not willing to have their names inserted in
the list of subscribers.

LOCK HOSPITAL, at the south east corner of Kent street, in Southwark,
was anciently a house for the reception and cure of lepers: but at
present it belongs to St. Bartholomew’s hospital in this city, and
with the Lock at Kingsland, is appropriated to the cure of venereal
patients.

It is a small neat edifice, and has been lately rebuilt. It has a row
of trees before, and a garden behind, with a wall next the street. At
the south end is the chapel, built about an hundred and twenty years
ago.

LOCK HOSPITAL, at Kingsland. See KINGSLAND.

LOCKWOOD’S _yard_, Saffron hill.†

LODISE’S _alley_, Saltpetre Bank.†

LODISE’S _court_, Saltpetre Bank.†

LOGSDOWN _yard_, Middle row, Holborn.

LOLLARDS TOWER, the southernmost of two stone towers which stood at the
west of St. Paul’s cathedral before the fire of London; which being
used as the Bishop of London’s prison for such as were found guilty of
the supposed crime of maintaining opinions contrary to the faith of
the church of Rome, and many of the followers of Wickliff, who were
called Lollards, being here imprisoned, it obtained the name of the
Lollards Tower. Among these persecuted people were Mr. Richard Hunne,
a citizen of London, a person well beloved, and of a fair character,
who in the year 1515 was imprisoned here, under the pretence of having
Wickliff’s bible; tho’ the occasion of his ruin was a dispute he had
with a clerk about a mortuary, which was made the cause of the whole
clergy. This man however submitted to the Bishop’s correction, upon
which he ought to have been enjoined penance and set at liberty; but
he was found hanging in his chamber, with his neck broken; and the
Bishop’s sumner owned that he, with Dr. Horsey the Bishop’s
chancellor, and the bell-ringer, had committed the murder. Upon this
the coroner’s inquest proceeded to trial; but the Bishop began a new
process against the dead body for heresy, and his persecutors not
satisfied with having him murdered, caused the corpse to be burnt in
Smithfield. _Maitland._

LOLLARDS TOWER, at Lambeth. See LAMBETH.

LOMBARD _court_, 1. Seven Dials. 2. West street, Soho.

LOMBARD _street_, 1. On the back of Cornhill, extends from the mansion
house of the Lord Mayor, to Gracechurch street. Lombard street was
anciently, as well as at present, inhabited by bankers, the first of
whom were Italians chiefly from Lombardy, whence the word Lombards
became anciently applied to all bankers, and this street retained the
name of Lombards or Bankers street. _Stow._ 2. In Coverley’s fields.
3. In White Friars. 4. In the Mint, Southwark.

_The End of the_ THIRD VOLUME.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Some of the illustrations have been moved to be closer to their
descriptions.
○ The decorative line that separates chapters was missing from
chapter “L”. Perhaps because it is the only chapter, after the
first, that begins at the top of a page. The decorative line from
an earlier chapter was used.
○ There is no section for streets and buildings beginning with the
letter “I”. They are mixed in with the “J”s.
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they were
intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or L^{d.}
Egemont.
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).