Chapter L: D’Honat’s Eden (1)

A calm, by Vandervelde, best manner.

The good Samaritan.

A landscape, by Tempesta.

St. Peter walking on the sea, by Paul Brill.

Fowls, by Cradock.

A storm (small) by Vandervelde.

Ruins, by Viviano.

The transfiguration, after Raphael.

A landscape and figures, by Bourgognone.

A winter piece, by Molinaer.

St. Jerom, by Teniers.

A landscape, by Rousseau.

Ruins, by Panini.

A sun-rising, by Courtois.

A landscape, by Old Patell.

A church, by De Neef, the priest carrying the host; the figures by Teniers.

St. Sebastian, after Domenichino.

St. Peter delivered out of prison, by De Neef, the figures by O. Teniers.

A head (supposed of an apostle) by Vandyke.

The flight into Egypt, a sketch, by Gius. Passeri.

Part of Titian’s Comari, copied by Dahl.

A head of Christ crowned with thorns, by Guido.

Christ crowned with thorns, with the reed in his hand, of the school of Caracci.

Lot going out of Sodom, and Abraham with three Angels, two drawings, by Cheron.

St. Jerom in a cave, by Teniers.

The murder of the innocents, a drawing after Raphael.

A drawing after Nic. Poussin, by Cheron, of the passage thro’ the red sea.

A Roman sacrifice, a drawing from the antique, by Cheron.

A land storm, by Peters, or Teniers.

Christ driving the buyers and sellers out of the temple, by Jac. Bassano.

Two conversations in water colours, by Fergue.

A boy and girl, heads.

A landscape and sea piece in water colours, by Tillemans.

Two landscapes in the manner of Brughel, by Old Grissier.

A landscape, by Fergue.

A view of Scheveling, by De Vleiger.

A sea piece, by Vandervelde.

A front piece, by Bonaventure Peters.

Two landscapes, by Polembergh.

A landscape, by Sachtleven.

A landscape, by Van Maas.

A gale and view, by Backhuysen.

Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Hobbima.

A head of Seb. Bourdon, by Netschar.

Eliezer and Rebecca, by Vander Cabel.

Christ sleeping, of the school of Carlo Maratti.

A view in Rome, by Gaspar D’Ochiale.

A landscape and cattle, by Cuyp.

A brisk gale, by Vandervelde.

A boy’s head, by Dubois.

Christ and the two Disciples at Emmaus, by Teniers.

A head of Richard Penderith.

A landscape, by Molyn.

A sea piece, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Vanderheyden.

A landscape, by Van Balen, with a holy family.

A sea piece, by Backhuysen.

A sea piece, by De Vlieger.

Two landscapes, by Both.

Chickens, a study, by Hondicooter.

A sea piece, by Vangoen.

A sea piece, by Ruysdale.

A frost piece, by Adr. Vandevelde.

A landscape, by Wovermans.

An inn yard, copy from Wovermans.

A moon-light, by Vanderneer.

A frost piece, by Molenaer.

A landscape, by Housemans.

Two Dutch views, Flemish.

Judith with Holofernes’s head, by Bronzino.

Jerome Cardan.

A hermit contemplating eternity, by Salvator Rosa.

St. Jerome, by Guido.

A landscape, with the flight into Egypt, by Domenichino.

A landscape, by Courtois.

Two landscapes, by Godfrey.

Tobias curing his father’s eyes, by Rembrandt.

Morning and Evening, by Berghem.

A landscape, by Old Patelle.

The wise men offering, by Rotenhamer.

A landscape, by Wovermans.

Ruins, by Viviano.

View of the Colisæum, by Paulo Panini.

Dead game, by Baltazar Caro.

Architecture, by Ghisolfi.

A landscape, by Swanevelt.

A landscape with rocks, by Teniers, or P. Snayer.

A landscape, by Van Zwierin.

A landscape with others, by Teniers.

Two landscapes, by Vincaboon.

A landscape, by Fr. Miel.

A view of Willybos, by T. Molinaer.

A landscape, by Both and Bodwyn.

Iphigenia, after Bourdon.

A landscape, by P. Brill, or Vincaboon.

A white fox or racoon, by Hondicooter.

A small gale, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Both.

A landscape, by De Vries.

The fable of the Satyr and clown, by Sorgue.

A landscape, by Ruysdale.

Ditto, by Both.

A philosopher’s head, by Pietro da Pietri.

A battle, by Tillemans.

Ruins, by Ghisolfi.

A landscape, by Fauquier.

Ditto, perhaps Artois.

A sketch of a sea fight, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, with Elijah and the ravens, by R. Savory.

Two pictures of lions and tygers, by J. Vanderbank.

Christ and the Samaritan woman, and Mary Magdalen in the garden, by Columbell.

Head of Annibal Caracci, by himself.

A view of the Rhine, by Vosterman.

The nativity, a sketch, by Rubens.

A sea piece, by Monamy.

Two landscapes, by Vandiest.

An emblematical picture of Justice, by Solimeni.

Virgin and child, and St. Francis with angels, by Seb. Concha.

St. Francis asleep, an angel fiddling, after Philippo Laura.

A storm, by Vandervelde.

A landscape, by Kierings.

A landscape, by De la Hire.

A copy, from Claude.

A view, with ruins and figures, by Marco and Sebastian Ricci.

A fresh gale, by Vandervelde.

Hagar and Ishmael, by Val. Castelli.

St. Jerome, by Guido.

Riposo, by L. Caracci, or Carlo Cignani.

Two landscapes, by Vorsterman.

Peter in prison, by Stenwick.

Destruction of Sodom, by ditto.

The deluge, by Polemburgh.

Corps de Guard and its companion, by Bamboccio.

A landscape, by Mat. Brill.

A landscape, in imitation of Ruysdale.

A landscape, with a Magdalen, by Teniers.

A landscape, by Ruysdale.

The head of Isaiah, on paper, by Raphael.

A conversation, by Ostade.

A battle, by Bourgognone.

Soldier and boors fighting, Molinaer.

A landscape, Swanevelt.

Belshazzar’s feast, after Rembrandt, by Tillemans.

Still life, Edema.

A hen and chickens, Cradock.

A battle, by Vander Mulen.

The mocking of Christ, by Cheron.

Incendio del Borgo, after Raphael.

Christ and St. Thomas, Cavedone.

Two portraits of P. Cha. and his mother.

A fruit piece, by Mich. Angelo Campidoglio, o da Pace.

David and Solomon, Rubens.

Two landscapes, Annib. Caracci.

A conversation, Seb. Bourdon.

A conversation, with dancing, Annib. Caracci.

A masquerade, Gobbo Caracci.

Benjamin accused of stealing the cup, by J. De Wit.

Two landscapes, by Mola.

The battle of Amazons, after Jul. Romano.

Two landscapes, Vincaboon.

Mr. Handel’s picture, by Hudson.

Fowls, &c. Y. Wenix.

The passage of the red sea, by De Wit.

A concert of music, by Pasqualini.

Hero and Leander, by Elsheimer.

Two heads of Lodov. and Aug. Caracci.

A sea port, by Storck.

A pieta, Trevisani.

Christ, Simon the Pharisee, and M. Magdalen, by Lappi.

A view of Scheveling, a storm coming on, by Ruysdale.

A battle, by Mich. Angelo delle Battaglie.

St. Sebastian, by Guercino.

Bened. Castiglione, by himself.

A landscape, with cattle, by Cuyp.

The inside of the Jesuits church at Antwerp, by De Neef.

A landscape with cattle, by Rosa of Tivoli.

Æolus and the four winds, by Carlo Maratti.

Two heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, by Guercino.

Christ asleep, with two angels looking on, by Murillo.

A wounded stag swimming across a brook.

St. Jerome and the Angel with a trumpet, by Guercino.

A view of Sulftara, by Berchem and Both.

A battle of the bridge, by Bourgognone.

A landscape, with a Magdalen in it, by Albani, or Bartolom. Breenberg in imitation of him.

A sketch of martyrdom, by Vandyke.

A horse watering, by Wovermans.

A landscape, by Adr. Vandervelde.

A copy of Raphael’s Heliodorus.

A sketch, by Rubens, of binding of Samson.

A sea port, by J. Miel.

A landscape, by Paul Brill.

A landscape, by Tillemans, or Houseman.

A sea piece, by Dubbels.

A chalk kiln, by Ruysdale.

A landscape, by Hobbima.

A moon-light, by Vanderneer.

A landscape, by Wynantz.

Hector and Achilles, by Nic. Poussin, or Pietro Testa.

Two landscapes, by Claude Lorraine.

St. Peter dictating the gospel to St. Mark, by Pietro di Cortona.

A landscape, by Verboom, the figures, &c. by Adr. Vandervelde.

Decollation of St. John the Baptist, by Mich. Angelo da Carravagio, or Valentini.

A man’s head, by Ant. Moore.

A view of the Doge’s palace, after Canaletti.

A landscape, by F. Miel.

A calm, by Vandiest.

A battle, by Tillemans.

A Court de Guard, by Le Duc.

The holy child Jesus in the arms of Joseph, by Giuseppe del Solo, a disciple of Carlo Cignani.

A landscape, by Solomon Ruysdale.

An ascension, the finished sketch for the King’s chapel at Versailles, by Jouvenet.

A holy family, by Erasm. Quiline.

A landscape, by Croose.

A bag piper, by Albert Durer.

Two sketches, after Tintoret, one the trial of Christ, the other leading him away.

A sea piece, by Van Cappel.

A landscape, by Sol. Ruysdale.

Dead game, with a dog and cat, by Fyte.

Two landscapes, by Mola.

A landscape, by Pynas.

A landscape and architecture, by Le Maire, with figures, by Phil. Laura.

A landscape, by Fauquier.

A village carnival, by P. Wovermans.

A holy family, by Carlo Maratti.

Two landscapes, by Bellin.

Christ healing the sick, a sketch, by Tintoret.

Fowls, by Cradock.

A landscape, by Nic. Poussin.

Riposo, F. Vanni.

A cartoon head, by Raphael.

Christ disputing with the doctors, a sketch, by Titian.

A holy family, by Schidoni.

A battle, by Salvator Rosa.

Two views of the Clitumnus and Avernus, by Wilson.

A storm, by Annib. Caracci.

A landscape, with the baptism of Christ, by Nic. Poussin.

Samson slaying the Philistines with the jaw bone of an ass, Val. Castelli.

Fred. Zuccaro’s picture, by himself.

Hercules and Antæus, by Rubens.

Hagar and Ishmael, by Le Sueur.

A woman making lace, by Scalken.

The fall of Simon Magus, a sketch, by Pompeio.

A shepherd and shepherdess with cattle, by C. du Jardin.

A landscape, by Dekker.

A girl sewing, by Ostade.

An ox, by Potter, the landscape by Vanderhyde.

The flight into Egypt, by Dominic. Antolini.

Hercules and Cerberus, a sketch, by Rubens.

A landscape and cattle, by Carree.

A landscape, by Brughel, the figures Rotenhamer.

Moses on the mount, by Jac. Bassan.

A landscape, by Dekker.

A copy of Guido’s Aurora, by Carlo Maratti, or Gius. Cari.

A landscape, by Mr. Wotton.

Lot and his daughters, by Elsheimer.

Christ in the garden, by P. Veronese.

A moon-light, by O. Giffier.

A landscape, by Berkheyde.

A landscape, by De Heusch.

A landscape, by Wynantz, the figures by Wovermans.

Christ’s agony in the garden, by Ant. Balestra.

John Baptist pointing him out to two disciples, ditto.

A landscape, by Vanderneer.

A landscape, by Fauquier, with figures, by Teniers.

A witch and devils, by Hellish Brughel.

A battle, by Wotton.

An old man’s head, by Rembrandt.

A landscape, by Borsam.

Venus coming to Vulcan to beg armour for Æneas, by Goltzius.

A landscape, by Gaspar Poussin.

A landscape, by Nicola Poussin.

Two heads, of an old man and an old woman, by Denier.

King Ahasuerus and Q. Esther, by Gabiani.

The sick man healed at the pool of Bethesda, by Erasmus Quillinius.

The last supper, by Jouvenet.

Head of a madona, with a book, by Elisabetti Sirani.

A landscape, by Studio.

Bustos, Statues, Bas Reliefs, &c.

A girl’s head, marble, after the antique, by Scheemaker.

A model of St. John Baptist in the wilderness, by Bernini, in terra cotta.

The judgment of Midas, an ivory Bas Rel.

Orpheus playing to the beasts, Bas Rel. Bronze.

Erato, Bronze, antique.

The statue of Fides Christiana, by Roubiliac, marble.

A model of St. Andrew, by Fiamingo, terra cotta.

A madona and child, in imitation of Rubens’s manner of painting, terra cotta.

Ceres, after that in the Capitol, by Scheemaker, terra cotta.

St. Jerome, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.

A Bacchanalian boy, after Camillo Ruscoin, by Hayward.

A bust of Aratus, after the antique, by ditto, marble.

A model of Mr. Roubiliac’s statue of Fides Christiana, in terra cotta.

A model of Moses, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.

A model of Flora, by Roubiliac. ter. cotta.

A vestal, after the antique, by Hayward, marble.

A small antique bust of Æsclepiades, the Greek physician, marble.

ORMOND _yard_, Great Ormond street.

_Court of_ ORPHANS. This court is occasionally held at Guildhall, by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, who are guardians to the children of freemen under the age of twenty-one years at the decease of their fathers, and take upon them not only the management of their goods and chattels, but likewise that of their persons, by placing them under the care of tutors, to prevent disposing of themselves during their minority, without their approbation.

By this court the common serjeant is authorised to take exact accounts and inventories of all the deceased freemen’s estates; and the youngest attorney of the Lord Mayor’s court being clerk to that of the orphans, is appointed to take securities for their several portions, in the name of the Chamberlain of London, who is a corporation of himself, for the service of the said orphans; and to whom a recognizance or bond, made upon the account of an orphan, shall by the custom of London, descend to his successor.

It may not be improper to add, that when a freeman dies and leaves children in their minority, the clerks of the several parishes are according to a law of the city, to give in their names to the common crier, who is immediately to summon the widow, or executor, to appear before the court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, to bring an inventory of, and security for the testator’s estate; for which two months time is commonly allowed: and, in case of non-appearance, or refusal of security, the Lord Mayor may commit the contumacious executor to Newgate. _Lex Lond._

OVERMAN’S _court_, Pepper alley.†

OWEN’S _Almshouse_, near the south end of Islington, was erected by the company of Brewers, in the year 1610, for ten poor widows of the parish of St. Mary’s Islington, pursuant to the will of the Lady Alice Owen, who allowed each widow 3_l._ 16_s._ _per annum_, three yards of cloth for a gown every other year, and 6_l._ to be laid out annually in coals for the use of the whole.

OXENDON _street_, Coventry street.

OXFORD ARMS _Inn lane_, Warwick lane, near Newgate market.*

OXFORD ARMS _passage_, Warwick lane.*

OXFORD ARMS _yard_, in the Haymarket.*

OXFORD _court_, 1. Camomile street. 2. Salter’s Hall court, Swithin’s lane. Here was anciently the house of the Prior of Torrington in Suffolk, which afterwards fell to the Earls of Oxford; but that edifice being at length demolished, and this court built in its room, it retained the name of the former possessor. 3. Oxford street.

OXFORD _market_, Oxford street, so called from its being on the estate of the late Earl of Oxford.

OXFORD _street_, St. Giles’s pound. This street, the market, and court of the same name, are all on the estate of the late Earl of Oxford.

P.

PACKER’S _court_, Coleman street.

PACKINGTON’S _Almshouse_, in White Friars, Fleet street, commonly called Clothworkers almshouses, was founded by the Lady Anne Packington, relict of Sir John Packington, Chirographer of the court of Common Pleas, about the year 1560, for the accommodation of eight poor women, each of whom receives annually of the Clothworkers company, who have the trust of this charity, the sum of 4_l._ nine bushels of coals, and new apparel every third year. _Maitland._

PACKSON’S _rents_, Jamaica street.

PACKTHREAD _ground_, 1. Bandy Leg walk. 2. End of Barnaby street. 3. Coleman street. 4. Gravel lane. 5. Near Maiden lane.

PADDINGTON, a village in Middlesex, situated on the north side of Hyde Park.

PAGE (Sir Gregory) for an account of his house and pictures. See BLACKHEATH.

PAGEANT’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.

PAGE’S _walk_, King’s Road.†

PAGE’S _yard_, Brewhouse lane, Wapping.†

PAIN’S _alley_, Wapping Wall.†

PAIN’S _yard_, Swan alley, East Smithfield.†

_A Scene in the Gardens of Pain’s Hill._
_S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._
]

PAIN’S _hill_, near Cobham, in Surry, is the seat of the Honourable Charles Hamilton, who has made great improvements, by inclosing a large tract of barren land, which though so poor as to produce nothing but heath and broom, he has so well cultivated and adorned, that few places are equal to it. The whole place is about five miles round; it is laid out in the modern taste, and planted with a beautiful variety of trees, plants, and flowers. The fine inequalities of the ground give a perpetual variety to the prospects, especially on that side next the river Mole, which river, though it lies lower than the level of the gardens by twenty feet, is brought into them by means of a wheel curiously contrived, which is turned by the river. Every time it turns round it takes up the water and conveys it through a spiral pipe from the circumference of the wheel to the center of it, from whence it is discharged into a trough, and from thence through pipes into the gardens, where by the joint assistance of nature and art, it is formed into a fine winding lake or piece of water, with an island in it, planted and laid out in walks, with bridges over to it of the most simple contrivance, and the whole surrounded with rising grounds, clumps of trees, and hanging woods, in as romantic and picturesque a manner as imagination can conceive. These gardens are but lately laid out, and consequently some of the plantations will appear to more advantage as they advance in growth. But the place upon the whole is very beautiful, and extremely well worth seeing.

PAINTER’S _court_, Berry street.

PAINTER’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway.

PAINTER STAINERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Queen Elizabeth in the year 1582; by the name of _The Master, Wardens and Commonalty of the freemen of the art and mystery of painting, called Painter Stainers, within the city of London_.

This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and nine Assistants, to which belongs a livery of 124 members, who upon their admission pay a fine of 14_l._

PAINTER STAINERS _Hall_, in Little Trinity lane, is adorned with a handsome screen, arches, and pilasters of the Corinthian order, painted in imitation of porphyry, with gilt capitals. The pannels are of wainscot, and on the ceiling is finely painted by Fuller, Pallas triumphant, while Art and Fame, attended by Mercury, suppress their enemies, Sloth, Envy, Pride, &c. the other paintings are Endymion and Luna, by Palmatier; Orpheus slaying Pan, by Brull; Art and Envy, by Hungis; the portraits of King Charles II. and his Queen Catharine, by Houseman; a portrait of Camden; the fire of London; a piece of architecture of the Corinthian order, by Trevit; another of the Ionic order, given by Mr. Thompson, the city painter; Heraclitus and Democritus, by Penn; a landscape, by Aggas; fish and fowl, by Robinson; a piece of birds, by Barlow; a piece of fruit and flowers, by Everbrook; a ruin, by Griffier; and a fine piece of shipping, by Peter Monumea. There are several other pieces in the parlour.

In the court room are some fine pictures, most of which are portraits of the members of the company; and in the front of the room is a fine bust of Mr. Thomas Evans, who left five houses in Basinghall street to the company.

Mr. Camden, the famous antiquarian, whose father was a painter in the Old Bailey, gave the Painter Stainers company a silver cup and cover, which they use every St. Luke’s day at their election; the old Master drinking to the one then elected, out of it. Upon this cup is the following inscription:

GUL. CAMDENUS CLARENCEUX FILIUS SAMPSONIS PICTORIS LONDINENSIS DONO
DEDIT. _Maitland._

PALLMALL, a very handsome street, inhabited by several persons of the first quality, extending from the end of the Haymarket to St. James’s palace.

PALLMALL _court_, Pallmall.

PALMER’S _Almshouse_, at Tothill-side, Westminster, was founded by James Palmer, B. D. in the year 1654, for the reception of twelve poor men and women, to each of whom he gave a perpetual annuity of 6_l._ and a chaldron of coals.

To this building also belongs a school, in which twenty boys are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic; for which the master has an annual salary of 12_l._ and a chaldron of coals, with a convenient house, and a gown every other year.

Here also is a chapel for the use of the pensioners and scholars, in which the founder himself for some time preached and prayed twice a day to them. _Maitland._

PALSGRAVE’S HEAD _court_, in the Strand.*

PALYN’S _Almshouse_, in Pesthouse row, near Old street, was founded by George Palyn, citizen and girdler, for six poor members of his company; he also endowed it with an estate of 40_l._ a year, and committed it to the trust of that company. _Maitland._

PANCRAS, a small hamlet in Middlesex, on the north west side of London, in the road to Kentish town. It has a church dedicated to St. Pancras, and called St. Pancras in the Fields, an old plain Gothic structure, with a square tower without a spire. It is a vulgar tradition that this church is of greater antiquity than that of St. Paul’s cathedral, of which it is only a prebend; but this arises from a mistake; for the church of St. Pancras, termed the mother of St. Paul’s, was situated in the city of Canterbury, and was changed from a Pagan temple to a Christian church by St. Austin the monk, in the year 598, when he dedicated it to St. Pancras.

The church yard, is a general burying place for persons of the Romish religion. At a public house on the south side of the church is a medicinal spring.

_St._ PANCRAS, a church which stood on the north side of St. Pancras lane, near Queen street, in Cheap ward, owed its name, as did the church mentioned in the above article, to St. Pancras a young Phrygian nobleman, who suffered martyrdom under the Emperor Dioclesian, for his strict adherence to the Christian religion. This church, which was a rectory, and one of the peculiars in this city belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury, was destroyed by the fire of London, and not being rebuilt, the parish was, by act of parliament, annexed to the church of St. Mary le Bow in Cheapside.

PANCRAS _lane_, Queen street, Bucklersbury.

PANKETHMAN’S _buildings_, Golden lane.

PANNIER _alley_, near Cheapside, leads from Blowbladder street into Pater noster row, and is said to be the highest ground within the city walls. About the middle of the alley, a stone is fixed in the wall in the form of a pedestal, on the side of which is cut in relief a boy riding astride upon a pannier, and this inscription.

When you have sought the city round,
Yet still this is the highest ground.

PANTON _square_, 1. Coventry street. 2. Oxendon street.

PANTON _street_, Haymarket.

PANTON’S _rents_, Chiswell street.†

PAPER _buildings_, a range of buildings in the Temple, originally built in the year 1607; but being consumed by fire, were rebuilt; in a very handsome manner in 1685. At the north end are painted the figures of the four cardinal virtues.

PAPER _office_, Whitehall. An ancient office under the Secretaries of state, the keeper of which has under his charge all the public papers, writings, matters of state and council; all letters, intelligences, negotiations of the King’s public ministers abroad, and in general all the papers and dispatches that pass through the offices of the two Secretaries of state, which are, or ought to be, from time to time transmitted to this office, and remain here, disposed by way of library. _Chamberlain’s Present State._

PAPEY, an hospital which stood at the north end of St. Mary Ax, and was founded by three priests in the year 1430, for a Master, two Wardens, and several Chaplains, Chauntry Priests, &c. It belonged to the brotherhood of St. John the Evangelist and St. Charity. Such priests as were become lame, or in great poverty, were here relieved, and had chambers with a certain allowance of bread, drink, and coals; and one old man, with his wife, was to see them constantly served, and to keep the house clean. This hospital was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI.

PARADISE _court_, 1. Lady Clark’s yard, Gravel lane. 2. Peter street.

PARADISE _row_, 1. Brook’s street, Bond street. 2. Near St. George’s fields. 3. Lambeth. 4. Tottenham Court Road.

PARDON _church_, a chapel formerly situated to the east of the Bishop of London’s palace, in St. Paul’s church yard, in a place at that time known by the name of Pardon Church Haugh. This chapel was erected by Gilbert Becket, sheriff of London, in the reign of King Stephen, and rebuilt in the reign of Henry V. by Thomas More, Dean of St. Paul’s, who also encompassed it with a cloister. On the east side was a handsome library founded by Walter Shiryngton, Chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. In this chapel were interred several persons, whose monuments, according to Mr. Stow, excelled in curious workmanship those in the neighbouring cathedral, and on the walls were painted the Dance of Death, in imitation of a painting in the cloister of St. Innocent’s church at Paris, with English verses translated out of French by John Lydgate, a famous old poet, by way of explanation.

PARISH CLERKS. See CLERKS.

PARISH GARDEN _lane_, Upper Ground, Southwark.

PARISH GARDEN _stairs_, Upper Ground.

PARISH _street_, Horselydown.

PARK, in Southwark; several streets built upon the spot where the Bishop of Winchester had formerly a park, which joined to his palace.

PARK GATE, Redcross street, Southwark.

PARK PLACE, St. James’s street, St. James’s.

PARK PROSPECT, Knightsbridge.

PARK PROSPECT _court_, Manchester street.

PARK _street_, 1. Little Grosvenor street. 2. Tothill street, Westminster.☐

PARKER’S _alley_. 1. Near Cherry Garden stairs.† 2. Turnmill street.†

PARKER’S _court_, Coleman street.†

PARKER’S _gardens_, Heydon yard, in the Minories.†

PARKER’S _lane_, Drury lane.†

PARKER’S _rents_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†

PARKER’S LANE _School_, situated in Parker’s lane, Drury lane, was founded about the year 1663, by Mr. William Skelton of St. Giles’s in the Fields, for the education of fifty poor boys, thirty-five of whom to be of the parish of St. Giles in the Fields, ten of that of St. Martin in the Fields, and five of St. Paul’s Covent Garden. The Master has a salary of 20_l._ two chaldrons of coals, and a gown every year, for teaching the children reading, writing, and arithmetic, each of whom has a coat of 6_s._ price every year; and the surplus arising from the estate is employed in putting them out apprentices. _Maitland._

PARLIAMENT. This great council, which is the highest and most ancient court of the kingdom, was indifferently denominated by the Saxons, _Michel Gemote_, and _Witen Gemote_, that is, the great court and council of wise men. _Coke’s Institutes._

The first mention we find of this court, is on its being held in this city by Egbert and Withlaf, Kings of Wessex, and Mercia, in the year 833, for deliberating on ways and means to oppose the piratical invasions, and destructive depredations of the Danes. _Spelman’s Concilia._

This great council, which was held twice a year before the conquest, consists of the King, the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the Commons: the Lords spiritual, consisting of the two Archbishops, and twenty-four Bishops, sit by virtue of their respective baronies, which they hold in a political capacity: the Lords temporal, who are created by the King’s patent, and therefore cannot be reduced to any certain number, sit by descent, or creation: and the Commons, who amount to 558, consist of Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, the representatives of the commonalty of Great Britain; who, by virtue of the King’s writs, are elected by the several counties, cities, and boroughs.

The power of parliament is so great and extensive, that it makes, amends, reduces, revives, and abrogates laws, statutes, and ordinances, concerning matters ecclesiastical, civil, and military. None can begin, continue, or dissolve this council, but by the King’s authority.

All the members of parliament sat together till the fiftieth of Edward III. in the year 1377, when the Commons removed to the Chapter-house of Westminster, in the cloister of the Abbey.

For the distinct privileges, and the manner of proceeding in the houses of Lords and Commons, see the articles LORDS, and COMMONS.

PARLIAMENT _alley_, Artillery lane.

PARLIAMENT _stairs_, Old Palace yard.☐

PARLIAMENT _stairs alley_, Old Palace yard.

PARLIAMENT _street_, a very handsome and spacious new built street, adorned with very handsome buildings. It extends from New Palace yard to the Cockpit.

PARMER’S _yard_, Stony lane.†

PARREY’S _rents_, Portpool lane, Leather lane.†

PARROT _alley_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Whitecross street, Old street.*

PARROT’S _rents_, Chequer alley, Whitecross street, Old street.†

PARROT _yard_, Parrot alley, East Smithfield.*

PARSON’S _court_, 1. Bride lane, Fleet street.† 2. White street.†

PARSON’S _rents_, Cow lane, Smithfield.†

PARSON’S _yard_, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.† 2. Shoreditch.

PASSAGE, Lambeth.

PATENT _Office_, Palsgrave Head court, near Temple Bar.

PATER NOSTER _alley_, Pater noster row.

PATER NOSTER _row_, extends from Cheapside to Amen corner. This street was anciently so called on account of the number of stationers, or writers who lived there before the invention of the noble art of printing; who wrote and sold the little books most in use in those times of ignorance, as alphabets with the Pater noster, the Ave Maria, the Creed and Graces. In the same place also dwelt the turners of beads for rosaries, who were also called Pater noster makers. At the end of Pater noster row near Amen corner is Ave Mary lane, which was also so called from the writers and beadmakers, who resided there. Pater noster row is still inhabited by many eminent wholesale booksellers and publishers. _Maitland._ 2. Dorset street, Spitalfields.

PATIENCE _street_, Anchor street.

PATRICK’S _court_, Houndsditch.†

PATTENMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles II. in the year 1670; consisting of a Master, two Wardens, twenty-four Assistants, and forty-six Liverymen, who at their admission pay a fine of 6_l._ but have no hall.

PATTEN RING _alley_, Maze Pond, near Snow fields.

PAV’D _alley_, 1. Charles’s street, St. James’s. 2. Lime street, by Leadenhall street. 3. London House yard. 4. Water lane, Black Friars. 5. White Friars.

PAV’D _court_, 1. Bell Inn yard. 2. Five Feet lane. 3. Fleetwood’s rents. 4. George yard. 5. Green Bank.

PAV’D _entry_, London Wall.

PAVEMENT _row_, Moorfields.

PAVIOURS, a fellowship by prescription, and not by charter.

This company is governed by three Wardens and twenty-five Assistants; but though they have a coat of arms, they have neither hall nor livery.

PAVIOURS _alley_, Drury lane.

PAVIOURS _court_, Grub street, by Fore street, Moorgate.

PAULIN’S _street_, Hanover street.†

PAULIN’S _wharf_, Durham yard, in the Strand.

PAUL’S _alley_, 1. Fenchurch street. 2. St Paul’s Church yard. 3. Redcross street. 4. Wood street, Cheapside.

_St._ PAUL’S _Cathedral_, the most magnificent Protestant church in the world. This edifice has been generally supposed to have been founded in the place where anciently stood a temple dedicated by the Romans to the goddess Diana; an opinion derived from the tradition, of the heads of oxen, the horns of deer, and the tusks of boars having been commonly dug up there; but as Sir Christopher Wren in clearing the foundations of this ancient structure, found none of these, he justly discredited the opinion, and his son, in his _Parentalia_, has given a different account of the origin of the ancient edifice.

_S^t. Paul’s_
_S. Wale delin._ _E. Rooker sculp._
]

This gentleman observes, that the first cathedral of the episcopal see of London was built in the area, where had been the Roman Prætorian camp, and in the situation on which all the succeeding fabrics stood: but that this structure was demolished during the great and general persecution under the Emperor Dioclesian. This persecution was however short, the church is supposed to have been re-edified under Constantine; but it was afterwards destroyed by the Pagan Saxons, and restored again upon the old foundations, when they embraced Christianity in the seventh century, when Sebert, King of Essex, advanced Mellitus to the bishopric of London.

In 675, we find Erkenwald the fourth Bishop of London from Mellitus, expending great sums of money in repairing and beautifying the ancient edifice, augmenting its revenues, and procuring for it the most considerable privileges from the Pope and the Saxon princes then reigning: for these works the Bishop was canonized at his death, and his body placed in a glorious shrine above the high altar in the east part of the church, where this shrine remained the admiration of succeeding ages, till the fatal destruction of the whole fabric by fire.

This catastrophe happened in the year 961; and as it was rebuilt the same year, it is highly probable, that these early structures, how magnificent soever they might then be thought, were only small wooden buildings.

During the Saxon heptarchy, this church flourished extremely; Kenrad King of Mercia declared it as free in all its rights, as he himself desired to be at the day of judgment; Athelstan endowed it with fifteen lordships; Edgar, with two; and Egleflede his wife with two more; all which were confirmed by the charters of Ethelred and Canute, which solemnly imprecate curses on all who dare to violate it.

The next benefactor to this church was Edward the Confessor; but at the Norman invasion, which soon followed, some of its revenues were seized by the Conqueror; but he was no sooner seated on the throne, than he caused full restitution to be made; and even confirmed all its rights, privileges and immunities, in the amplest manner; with benedictions upon those who should augment its possessions, and solemn imprecations upon all who should violate any of the charters made in its favour.

In that reign, however, a dreadful fire consumed it a second time, and by this conflagration, which happened in 1086, the greatest part of this city was also laid in ashes: but this destruction served to make way for a more magnificent building, than had ever yet been applied to the purposes of devotion in this kingdom. Maurice, then Bishop of London, having undertaken this great work, obtained of the King the old stones of a spacious castle in the neighbourhood called the Palatine Tower, situated near the river Fleet; but though he lived twenty years, and prosecuted the work with uncommon earnestness, yet he left the completion of what he had begun to succeeding generations.

The successor of this Bishop followed his example, and even applied the whole revenue of his see towards the advancement of this great work; but like the former left it unfinished; after which it is supposed to have been compleated by lay persons; but at what time, or in what manner, is no where mentioned. Indeed William Rufus, who succeeded the Conqueror, is said to have exempted all ships entering the river Fleet with stone or other materials for the new cathedral, from toll and custom; and it is not improbable that he might take this structure under his own particular direction.

But notwithstanding the length of time, and the great expence bestowed upon this church, it had not long been compleated, when it was thought not sufficiently magnificent; the steeple was therefore rebuilt and finished about the year 1221; and then Roger Niger being promoted to the see of London in 1229, proceeding with the choir compleated it in 1240, and solemnly consecrated it afresh the same year, in the presence of the King, the Pope’s Legate, and many Lords both spiritual and temporal.

The spacious and magnificent edifice of St. Paul’s cathedral, being thus finished, a survey was taken of it, by which its dimensions appear to have been as follows. The length of the body of the church was 690 feet; the breadth 130; the height of the roof of the west part within 102 feet; that of the east 88; and that of the body 150; the height of the tower from the ground was 260 feet; from whence rose a wooden spire covered with lead 274 feet in length; on the top of which was a ball nine feet one inch in circumference. This was crowned with a cross that was fifteen feet in length, and the traverse six feet.

The ornaments of this cathedral exceeded those of every other church in the kingdom. The high altar stood between two columns, adorned with precious stones, and surrounded with images most beautifully wrought, and covered with a canopy of wood curiously painted with the representation of Saints and Angels.

The new shrine of St. Erkenwald stood on the east side of the wall above the high altar, and was adorned with gold, silver, and precious stones; but not being thought sufficiently rich, in 1339 three goldsmiths of London were retained by the Dean and Chapter to work upon it a whole year, at the end of which its lustre was so great, that Princes, Nobles, Ambassadors, and other foreigners of rank flocked from all parts to visit it, and to offer their oblations before it: among these we find all the rings and jewels of Walter de Thorp, and the best saphire stone of Richard de Preston; which last was applied to the curing of infirmities of the eyes, and proclamation of its virtues was made by the express will of the donor.

The picture of St. Paul finely painted, was placed in a wooden tabernacle on the right side of the high altar, and was esteemed a masterly performance.

Against a pillar in the body of the church, stood a beautiful image of the Virgin Mary; and that a lamp might be continually kept burning before it, and an anthem sung every day, John Burnet, Bishop of Bath and Wells, bequeathed a handsome estate.

In the center stood a large cross, and towards the north door a crucifix at which offerings were made, that greatly increased the revenue of the Dean and Canons.

The last piece of ornament we shall mention, was the fine dial belonging to the great clock, which being visible to all who passed by, care was taken that it should appear with the utmost splendor, and in particular an angel pointed to the hour.

Under this cathedral was a parish church called St. Faith’s, in which several persons of distinction were formerly interred: but no records remain that mention the time when divine worship was performed in it.

St. Paul’s cathedral was encompassed with a wall about the year 1109, which extended from the north east corner of Ave Mary lane, eastward along Pater noster row, to the north end of the Old Change in Cheapside; whence it ran southward to Carter lane, and passing on the north side of it to Creed lane, turned up to Ludgate street. To this wall there were six gates, the principal of which was situated near the end of Creed lane in Ludgate street. The second was at St. Paul’s alley in Pater noster row, the third at Canon alley; the fourth, called the Little gate, was situated at the entrance into Cheapside; the fifth, called St. Austin’s, led to Watling street; and the sixth fronted the south gate of the church near St. Paul’s chain.

Within the north side of this enclosure was situated in the middle of the church yard, a pulpit cross, at which sermons were preached weekly; and here was held the folkmote, or general convention of the citizens.

Facing this cross stood the charnel, in which the bones of the dead were decently piled up together, a thousand loads whereof were removed to Finsbury fields in the reign of Edward VI. and there laid in a moorish place, with so much earth to cover them, as raised a considerable mount, on which was erected three windmills to stand upon.

On the north west corner of the church yard, was the episcopal palace, contiguous to which on the east was a cemetery denominated Pardon Church Haw, where Gilbert Becket erected a chapel in the reign of King Stephen. See PARDON CHURCH.

On the east of the church yard was a clochier or bell tower by St. Paul’s school; wherein were four great bells, called Jesus bells, from their belonging to Jesus chapel in St. Faith’s church; but these, together with a fine image of St. Paul on the top of the spire, being won by Sir Miles Partridge, Knt. of Henry VIII. at one cast of the dice, were by that gentleman taken down and sold.

It may not be improper here to take notice of the celebration of divine service, the obsequies, anniversaries and chauntries particularly belonging to this cathedral: as to the first, Richard Clifford, Bishop of London, in 1414, with the consent of the Dean and Chapter, ordained that from thence forward it should be altered from the old form, and made conformable to the church of Salisbury, and other cathedrals within this kingdom.

The performance of obsequies for great persons deceased, was however retained as a peculiar privilege of this cathedral, from whence great profits arose. Indeed “the state and order observed on these occasions,” says Sir William Dugdale, “was little inferior to that used at the funerals of those great personages; the church and choir being hung with black, and escutcheons of their arms; their herses set up in wonderful magnificence, adorned with rich banner rolls, &c. and environed with barriers; having chief mourners and assistants, accompanied by several Bishops and Abbots in their proper habits; the Ambassadors of foreign Princes, many of our Nobility, the Knights of the Garter, the Lord Mayor, and the several Companies of London, who all attended with great devotion at these ceremonies.” This author adds a list of Emperors, Empresses, and Kings performed in this cathedral.

As to anniversaries, those of the conversion and commemoration of St. Paul, the consecration of the church, and the canonization of St. Erkenwald, were the principal. It is very remarkable, with respect to the first of these anniversaries, that Sir William le Baud, Knt. in the third year of Edward I. granted a good fat doe annually on the day of the conversion of St. Paul, and a good fat buck upon the day of commemoration, which till the reign of Queen Elizabeth were received with great formality at the steps of the choir, by the Canons cloathed in their sacred vestments, with garlands of flowers on their heads. Camden, who was an eye witness of this solemnity, says, that the horns of the buck were carried on a spear in procession round the inside of the church, the men blowing horns, &c. and then the buck being offered at the high altar, a shilling was ordered by the Dean and Chapter for the entertainment of the servants who brought it, and this concluded the ceremony.

The anniversaries of the consecration and canonization, were celebrated at the public expence: but there were other anniversaries of a private nature, provided for by particular endowments, as that of Sir John Poultney, Knt. who had been four times Lord Mayor of London, and assigned annual salaries to all who bore office about the church, together with an allowance of 6_s._ 8_d._ to the Lord Mayor, 5_s._ to the Recorder; 6_s._ 8_d._ to the two Sheriffs; 3_s._ 4_d._ to the Common Crier; 6_s._ 8_d._ to the Lord Mayor’s serjeants, and 6_s._ 8_d._ to the Master of the college of St. Laurence Poultney, provided they were present at his anniversary; but if any were absent, their share were to be distributed to the poor. There were many other anniversaries of the same kind.

The chauntries founded by men of condition for the maintenance of one or two priests, to celebrate divine service daily, for the release from purgatory of their souls, the souls of their dearest friends and relations, and of all the faithful deceased; but these were in a short time increased to such a degree, and the endowments were so slender, that so early as the reign of Richard II. Bishop Baybroke caused forty-four of them to be united into one solemn service.

Having thus taken a transient survey of this magnificent edifice, in its flourishing state, with all its appendages, we shall now view its decline, and trace this venerable Gothic structure to its final destruction.

The first remarkable misfortune that befel it was in 1444, when about two o’clock in the afternoon, its lofty wooden spire was fired by lightning; but by the assiduity of the citizens, it was soon seemingly extinguished: however to their great surprise and terror it broke out again with redoubled fury at about nine o’clock at night; but by the indefatigable pains of the Lord Mayor and citizens, it was at last effectually extinguished. The damage was not however fully repaired till the year 1462, when the spire was compleated, and a beautiful fane of gilt copper in the form of an eagle was placed upon it.

About an hundred years after this accident, another of the same kind happened to it, generally attributed to the same cause, but much more fatal in its consequences; the fire consuming not only the fine spire, but the upper roof of the church, and that of the aisles for in the space of four hours it burnt all the rafters, and every thing else that was combustible: but though it was universally believed that this fire was occasioned by lightning, yet, Dr. Heylin says, that an ancient plumber confessed at his death, that it was occasioned through his negligence in carelessly leaving a pan of coals in the steeple, while he went to dinner, which taking hold of the dry timber in the spire, was got to such a height at his return, that he judged it impossible to quench it, and therefore concluded it would be more consistent with his safety, not to contradict the common report.

This calamity was followed by a general contribution among the clergy, nobility, great officers of state, the city of London, and the Queen herself, who gave a thousand marks in gold towards its speedy repair, with a warrant for a thousand loads of timber to be cut in any of her woods, wherever it should be found most convenient; so that in five years time, the timber roofs were entirely finished, and covered with lead, the two largest being framed in Yorkshire, and brought by sea; but some difference in opinion arising about the model of the steeple, that part of the work was left unattempted; and it was never after rebuilt; for upon raising the roofs the walls were found to be so much damaged by the fire, that it was judged necessary to make a general repair of the whole building; but this was deferred for a long time.

At length Mr. Henry Farley, after above eight years earnest solicitation of King James I. prevailed on his Majesty to interpose in order to prevent the ruin of this venerable fabric, when that Prince, considering of what importance appearances are in the promotion of public zeal, caused it to be rumoured abroad, that on Sunday the 26th of March 1620, he would be present at divine service in St. Paul’s cathedral.

Accordingly at the day appointed, his Majesty came thither on horseback in all the pomp of royalty, attended by the principal nobility and great officers of his court, and was met by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Livery in their formalities, who, upon the King’s alighting at the great west door, joined in the procession. When his Majesty entered the church, he kneeled near the brazen pillar, where he prayed for success; and then was received under a canopy, supported by the Dean and Residentiaries, the rest of the Prebends and Dignitaries, with the whole company of singing men advancing before him to the choir, which, on this occasion, was richly adorned with hangings. Here he heard an anthem, and then proceeded to the cross, where Dr. King, Bishop of London, preached a sermon suitable to the occasion, from a text given him by his Majesty, in Psalm cii. 13, 14. and this sermon was afterwards circulated with considerable effect through the whole kingdom. After divine service was ended, his Majesty and the whole court were splendidly entertained at the Bishop’s palace, where a consultation was held, in which it was agreed to issue a commission under the great seal, directed to the principal personages in the kingdom, empowering them to consider of the necessary repairs, and to raise money for carrying them into execution. But tho’ the commissioners afterwards met to prosecute this enquiry, yet, as it was found that the ruin of the Bishop and principal Dignitaries of the cathedral was chiefly aimed at, the whole affair came to nothing.

However, in the succeeding reign another commission was obtained for the same purpose, by the assiduity of Archbishop Laud, which was attended with better success; so that in 1632, Inigo Jones, his Majesty’s Surveyor-general, was ordered to begin there pairs at the south east end, and to bring them along by the south to the west end.

That celebrated architect prosecuted the work with such diligence, that in nine years time, the whole was finished both within and without, except the steeple, which was intended to be entirely taken down, and a magnificent portico of the Corinthian order, was also erected at the west end, at the sole expence of King Charles I. ornamented with the statues of his royal father and himself.

Every thing being now in readiness for erecting the steeple and spire, which were to be of stone, an estimate was made of the money contributed, and that already expended in repairs; whereby it appeared that 101,330_l._ 4_s._ 8_d._ had been received into the chamber of London on this account, and but 35,551_l._ 2_s._ 4_d._ paid out, so that there appeared to be a fund in hand sufficient to erect it in the most magnificent manner: but the flames of civil war soon after breaking out, a period was put to this great design.

The revenues were now seized, the famous Pulpit Cross in the church yard was pulled down; the scaffolding of the steeple was assigned by parliament for the payment of arrears due to the army; the body of the church was converted into saw pits; part of the south cross was suffered to tumble down; the west part of the church was converted into a stable; and the stately new portico into shops for milliners and others, with lodging rooms over them, at the erecting of which, Dr. Heylin observes, the magnificent columns were piteously mangled, being obliged to make way for the ends of beams, which penetrated their centers.

However, at the restoration, a new commission was procured for its immediate reparation, and great sums of money raised by a voluntary contribution; but before any thing material could be accomplished, the dreadful fire of London reduced the whole edifice to little better than a heap of ruins.

After two years fruitless labour in endeavouring to fit up some part of the old fabric for divine worship, it was found to be incapable of any substantial repair. It was therefore resolved to raze the foundations of the old building, and to erect on the same spot a new cathedral that should equal, if not exceed the splendor of the old; for this end letters patent were granted to several Lords spiritual and temporal, authorising them to proceed in the work, and appointing Dr. Christopher Wren, Surveyor-general of all his Majesty’s works, to prepare a model. Contributions came in so extremely fast, that in the first ten years above 126,000_l._ was paid into the chamber of London; a new duty for the carrying on of this work was laid on coals, which at a medium produced 5000_l._ _per annum_, and his Majesty generously contributed 1000_l._ a year, towards carrying on the work.

Dr. Wren, afterwards Sir Christopher, was now called upon to produce his designs; he had before drawn several, in order to discover what would be most acceptable to the general taste; and finding that persons of all degrees declared for magnificence and grandeur, he formed a very noble one, conformable to the best style of the Greek and Roman architecture, and having caused a large model to be made of it in wood, with all its ornaments, he presented it to his Majesty; but the Bishops not approving of it, as not enough of a cathedral fashion, the Surveyor was ordered to amend it, upon which he produced the scheme of the present structure, which was honoured with his Majesty’s approbation. The first design, however, which was only of the Corinthian order, like St. Peter’s at Rome, the Surveyor set a higher value upon than on any other he ever drew, and as the author of his life observes, would have put it in execution with more cheerfulness, than that which we now see erected. This curious model is still preserved in the cathedral, and may be seen at a small expence.

In the year 1675, Dr. Wren began to prosecute the work; the pulling down the old walls, which were eighty feet high, and clearing the rubbish, had cost many of the labourers their lives; and this put him upon contriving to facilitate its execution by art. The first project he tried was with gunpowder; for on their coming to the tower of the steeple, the men absolutely refused to work upon it; for its height struck the most hardy of them with terror. He therefore caused a hole of about four feet wide to be dug in the foundation of the north west pillar, it being supported by four pillars each fourteen feet diameter, and then with tools made on purpose, wrought a hole two feet square into the center of the pillar, in which he placed a little deal box, containing only eighteen pounds of powder. A cane was fixed to the box with a match, and the hole closed up again with as much strength as possible.