Chapter L: D’Honat’s Eden (6)

_The Office for the relief of_ SEA OFFICERS WIDOWS. The Lords of the Admiralty having taken into consideration, the unhappy condition to which the widows of many of the officers of the navy were reduced by the death of their husbands, proposed both to the commissioned and half-pay officers of the navy, to enter into a voluntary agreement, to grant three pence in the pound out of their pay, towards establishing a fund for allowing pensions to such of their widows as are left in mean circumstances.

To this the officers readily consenting, the Lords Commissioners laid the affair before his present Majesty, who, to promote so good a work, granted his letters patent in the year 1732, directing that three pence in the pound be deducted from the pay and half-pay of all commission and warrant officers of the navy; and to appoint the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, the Treasurer, Commissioners, Paymaster, and Cashier of the navy, for the time being, twenty Captains, ten Lieutenants, five Masters, five Boatswains, five Gunners, five Carpenters, five Pursers, and five Surgeons of the navy, the eldest of their respective stations, to be Governors of this corporation: out of whom are appointed a President, two Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, and fifteen Assistants, as a committee for the management of all the affairs belonging to this charity.

The first Commissioner of the Admiralty is to be always President; and the Treasurer of the navy to be always the Treasurer; but the two Vice Presidents, and fifteen Assistants, are to be elected annually.

By the orders of this generous corporation, no officer or servant employed therein, is to receive any salary, reward, or gratuity; the whole business being transacted _gratis_.

The first step taken by the Governors was providing for the widows whose husbands died after the date of the above letters patent; who, in the first year amounted to twenty-four, to whom pensions were allowed, according to the following regulations, viz. To the widow of a Captain, 45_l._ _per annum_; to the widow of a Lieutenant or Master, 30_l._ and to the widow of a Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter, Purser, Surgeon, second Master of a yacht, or Master of a naval vessel appointed by the navy board, 20_l._ _per annum_.

The Lords Commissioners afterwards commiserating the unhappy circumstances of many poor widows, whose husbands died before this corporation was established, and therefore could receive no benefit from the fund which was justly appropriated to the relief of the widows of those officers who had paid to its support, renewed their application to his Majesty, who recommended their case to the Parliament; upon which it was enacted, that one seaman should be allowed upon the books of every ship of war, in the sea-pay in every hundred men that its complement should consist of, and that the produce of the wages of such seamen, and the value of their victuals should be given and applied towards the relief of poor widows of commission and warrant officers of the royal navy.

SEACOAL _lane_, extends from Snow hill to Fleet lane. Stowe thinks it was originally called Limeburners lane, and that it took its present name from the burning of lime there with sea coal.

SEAHORSE _alley_, Durham yard, in the Strand.*

SEARLE’S _square_, Lincoln’s Inn.†

SEARLE’S _street_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn.†

SEARLE’S _wharf_, near White Friars.†

_Office of sick and hurt_ SEAMEN, _and for taking care of_ PRISONERS OF WAR, on Tower hill, is under the government of four Commissioners, the first of whom has 400_l._ _per annum_, and 65_l._ for house rent; and the other three 300_l._ a year. The officers under these Commissioners are, a Secretary, who has 200_l._ _per annum_; a first Clerk, who has 100_l._ a year; and three inferior Clerks, who have 60_l._ a year.

_Office for sick and maimed_ SEAMEN IN THE MERCHANTS SERVICE, in the Royal Exchange. The corporation who provide for these objects of distress, consists of a number of merchants, who were incorporated on the 24th of June 1747, and are governed by a President, and a Council of twenty-one.

SECRETARY OF STATE’S OFFICE, Whitehall. The Kings of England had anciently no more than one Secretary of state, till about the end of the reign of Henry VIII. when it was thought proper that this important office should be discharged by two persons of equal authority, both stiled _Principal Secretaries of state_.

At that time they did not sit at the council board; but having prepared their business in a room adjoining to the council chamber, they came in, and stood on either hand of the King; when nothing was done till they had gone through with their proposals. But Queen Elizabeth seldom coming to council, that method was laid aside, and the Secretaries took their places as Privy Counsellors, which dignity they have enjoyed ever since, and a Council is seldom, or never, held without the presence of, at least, one of them.

Their employment rendering their office a place of extraordinary trust, this, together with the multiplicity of their business, places them in a distinguished light, both in respect to the King and the people: for they attend almost every day upon his Majesty, as occasion requires; the petitions of the people are for the most part lodged in their hands, to be presented to the King; and, in return, they make the dispatches, according to his Majesty’s answers and determinations.

The correspondence to all parts of Great Britain without distinction, relating to the church, the army, the militia, grants, pardons, dispensations, &c. is managed by either of the Secretaries. But as to foreign affairs, all the nations that have any intercourse with Great Britain, are divided by them into two provinces, the northern and southern, each being under one of the Secretaries, as his separate department. They have this special honour, that if either of them be a Baron, he takes place, and has the precedence of all other persons of the same degree, tho’ by creation they might have a right to precede him: but if he is above the degree of a Baron, he then takes place only according to the seniority of his creation.

Each of the Secretaries have lodgings appointed for them in all the King’s houses; both for their own accommodation, for their office, and for those that attend upon it. They have each a salary of 3000_l._ a year; which, added to their lawful perquisites, is said to make their places worth 8000_l._ _per annum_ each.

The Secretaries and Clerks they employ under them are wholly at their own choice, and have no dependence upon any other person. These are,

In the northern department, two Under Secretaries and Keepers of state papers, a first Clerk, and ten other Clerks, a Gazette writer, who has 300_l._ _per annum_; and a Secretary for the Latin tongue, whose salary is 200_l._ a year.

In the southern department are, two Under Secretaries, a first Clerk, seven other Clerks; and a Law Clerk to both, who has a salary of 400_l._ _per annum_.

The Secretaries of state have also the custody of the King’s seal, called the signet; the use and application of which gives denomination to another office, called the Signet office. See the article SIGNET OFFICE.

There is also another office depending on the Secretaries of state, called the Paper office; for which see that article.

SEDGWICK’S _rents_, London Wall.†

SEDGWICK’S _yard_, London Wall.†

SEETHING _lane_, Tower street.

_St._ SEPULCHRE’S, on the north side of the top of Snow hill near Newgate, and in the ward of Faringdon without, owes its name to its being dedicated in commemoration of Christ’s sepulchre at Jerusalem. It is of great antiquity, and was probably founded during the time, when all Europe were employed in crusades to the holy land; however, about the beginning of the twelfth century, it was given by the Bishop of Salisbury to the Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, who, in virtue of that grant, had the right of advowson till the dissolution of their monastery, when coming to the Crown, it continued therein till King James I. in the year 1610, granted the rectory and its appurtenances, with the advowson of the vicarage, to Francis Philips and others; after which the rectory with its appurtenances were purchased by the parishioners, to be held in fee-farm of the Crown, while the advowson was obtained by the President and Fellows of St. John Baptist’s college in Oxford, in whom the patronage still continues. _Dugd. Mon. Ang._

The present structure was much damaged, though not destroyed by the fire of London; after which it was thoroughly repaired in 1670, when nothing of the old building, except the walls, was suffered to remain, and not those entirely.

This is a very spacious church, it being 126 feet long, besides a broad passage through at the west end; the breadth is fifty-eight feet, exclusive of the north chapel; the height of the roof in the middle isle is thirty-five feet, and the height of the steeple to the top of the pinacles, is 146 feet. The whole length of the side is in a manner taken up by a row of very large Gothic windows, with buttresses between, over which runs a slight cornice, and on the top a plain and substantial battlement work. The steeple is a plain square tower crowned with four pinacles.

The wall of this church yard, till very lately, extended so far into the street all along the south side of the church, as to render the passage narrow and dangerous; but after the church yard on that side had been shut up about fourteen years, it was levelled, and laid open to the street in the beginning of the present year 1760.

The Vicar of this church, besides other advantages, receives 200_l._ in money in lieu of tithes.

Munday, in his edition of Stow’s Survey, mentions the following monumental inscription in this church.

Qualis vita, finis ita.
Here under lyes the wonder of her kinde,
The quintessence of nature and of grace,
Wit, beauty, bounty, and (in noble race
The rarest jewel) a right humble minde,
Here lyes her body, but her soule refin’d
Above th’empyreall, hath imperial place,
In bliss so boundlesse, as no words embrace,
Nor art can feigne, nor mortal heart can finde.
Her fame remaines a monument of honour,
Built by her virtue, gilt with purest gold,
With lilly flowers and roses strewed upon her.
Her epitaph.
Urania thus enrol’d:
Milde childe, chaste mayden, and religious wife:
The even crownes the day, Joane Essex’ death her life.

Before we conclude this article, it may be proper to observe, that in the year 1605, Mr. Robert Dew gave by deed of gift, fifty pounds to this parish, on condition that for ever after, a person should go to Newgate, in the still of the night before every execution day, and standing as near the cells of the condemned prisoners as possible, should, with a hand bell, (which he also gave for that purpose) give twelve solemn tolls with double strokes, and then after a proper pause, deliver with an audible voice the following words:

“You prisoners that are within,
Who for wickedness and sin,

After many mercies shewn you, are now appointed to die to-morrow
in the forenoon, give ear and understand, that to-morrow morning
the greatest bell of St. Sepulchre’s shall toll for you in form
and manner of a passing bell, as used to be tolled for those at
the point of death: to the end that all godly people hearing
that bell, and knowing it is for your going to your deaths, may
be stirred up heartily to pray to God to bestow his grace and
mercy upon you whilst you live.

“I beseech you, for Jesus Christ’s sake, to keep this night in
watching and prayer, for the salvation of your own souls, while
there is yet time and place for mercy; as knowing to-morrow you
must appear before the judgment seat of your Creator, there to
give an account of all things done in this life, and to suffer
eternal torments for your sins committed against him, unless
upon your hearty and unfeigned repentance, you find mercy
through the merits, death, and passion of your only mediator and
advocate Jesus Christ, who now sits at the right hand of God to
make intercession for as many of you as penitently return to
him.”

He likewise ordered that St. Sepulchre’s great bell should toll, till it was supposed these unhappy prisoners were executed; and that as the criminals passed by the wall of St. Sepulchre’s church yard, to execution, the same bellman should look over it, and say:

“All good people, pray heartily unto God for these poor sinners,
who are now going to their death, for whom this great bell doth
toll.

“You that are condemned to die, repent with lamentable tears:
ask mercy of the Lord for the salvation of your own souls,
through the merits, death, and passion of Jesus Christ, who now
sits at the right hand of God, to make intercession for as many
of you as penitently return unto him.”

“Lord, have mercy upon you,
Christ, have mercy upon you,
Lord, have mercy upon you,
Christ, have mercy upon you.”

For this service the bellman or sexton receives 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year; but upon these occasions there is generally so much noise, that nobody can hear one word that the bellman says.

_St._ SEPULCHRE’S _alley_, a passage by the east end of St. Sepulchre’s church. SERGEANTS AT LAW. The highest degree of lawyers under a Judge. The young student in the common law, when admitted to be of one of the inns of court, is called a _Moot-man_, and after about seven years study, is chosen an Utter Barrister, and is then capable of being made a Sergeant at law.

When the number of Sergeants is small, the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, by the advice and consent of the other Judges, chuses about six or eight of the most learned persons of the Inns of court, and presents their names to the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, who sends to each of them the King’s writ to appear on a particular day before the King, to receive the degree of a Sergeant at law.

At the time appointed, they being dressed in robes of two colours, brown and blue, they go, attended by the students of the Inns of court, with a train of servants and retainers, dressed in peculiar liveries, to Westminster hall, where they publicly take a solemn oath, and are cloathed with robes and coifs, without which they are from thenceforward never to appear in public. After this they give a great entertainment to the principal persons of the nation; and present gold rings to the Princes of the blood, the Archbishops, the Lord Chancellor, and the Treasurer, to the value of forty shillings each ring; to the Earls and Bishops rings of 20_s._ and to other great officers, Barons, &c. rings of less value, besides a great number of rings to their private friends.

Out of these Sergeants are chosen the Judges of the King’s Bench and Common Pleas.

SERGEANTS INN, on the south side of Fleet street, almost opposite to the end of Fetter lane. It consists of a court surrounded with handsome new buildings, among which are the Society’s chapel and hall; and a very handsome edifice belonging to the Amicable Society.

The officers belonging to this Inn, are, a Steward, a Master Cook, and a Chief Butler.

SERGEANTS INN, Chancery lane, near the end next Fleet street, consists of two courts, a small hall, and a convenient kitchen; but the buildings are low and mean.

The officers of this Inn are, also, a Steward, a Master Cook, and a Chief Butler.

SERGEANTS INN _court_, 1. Chancery lane. 2. Fleet street.

SERMON _lane_, 1. Limehouse. 2. Little Carter lane.

SERSNET _alley_, Narrow Wall, Limehouse.

SETTER’S _yard_, Deadman’s fields.

SEVEN DIALS, near Monmouth street; so called from a handsome pillar, upon which are seven sun-dials, fronting the same number of streets, which radiate upon it.

SEVENOAK, a market town in Kent, near the river Dart or Darent, 23 miles from London, in the road to Rye. It obtained its name from seven very large oaks which grew near it, when it was first built; and is governed by a Warden and Assistants. Here is an hospital and school, for the maintenance of people in years, and the instruction of youth, first erected by Sir William Sevenoak, Lord Mayor of London in the year 1418, who is said to have been a foundling supported and educated at the expence of a charitable person of this town, whence he took his name. The school afterwards met with other benefactors, and among the rest, Queen Elizabeth having greatly augmented its revenue, it was thence called Queen Elizabeth’s free school. It was rebuilt in 1727. Sir Henry Fermor, Bart. has a seat here; as has also Dr. Thomas Fuller. About a mile from Sevenoak, to the south, is Knowl Place, the seat of the Duke of Dorset, situated in the middle of a park; and towards the east is the seat of —— Pratt, Esq; which is also seated in the midst of a park.

SEVEN STARS _alley_, 1. Cable street, Rag fair.* 2. Ratcliff highway.* 3. Rosemary lane.* 4. Whitecross street.*

SEVEN STARS _court_, 1. Great Garden, St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Moor lane.* 3. Seven Stars alley, Ratcliff highway.*

SEVEN STEPS _alley_, 1. Old Montague street. 2. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel. 3. Rotherhith Wall.

SEVEN STEPS _yard_, Houndsditch.

SEYMOUR’S _court_, Little Chandois street.

SHAD THAMES _street_, Horselydown.

SHADWELL, formerly a hamlet in the parish of Stepney, is now a distinct parish, and by the great increase of buildings is united to this metropolis. This parish, which is one of the Tower hamlets, is situated on the north bank of the Thames, and received its name from a fine spring which issues from the south wall of the church yard. The parish is, from its situation, divided into Upper and Lower Shadwell, Lower Shadwell being anciently a part of Wapping marsh.

In the north east of this parish is Sun tavern fields, where a Roman cemetery, or burying place, was discovered about the year 1615, wherein were found two coffins, one of which being of stone, contained the bones of a man; and the other of lead, finely embellished with scallop shells, and a crotister border, contained those of a woman, at whose head and feet were two urns, each three feet high; and at the sides several beautiful red earthen bottles, with a number of lachrymatories of hexagon and octagon forms. On each side of the inhumed bones were two ivory scepters of the length of eighteen inches each, and upon the breast the figure of a small Cupid, curiously wrought; as were likewise two pieces of jet resembling nails, three inches in length. According to the opinion of that judicious antiquary Sir Robert Cotton, who made this discovery, the person here interred must have been the wife of some Prince, or Roman Prætor, by the decorations of the coffin and the things contained in it.

In this place were likewise discovered several urns, with Roman coins, which had on one side this Inscription, _Imp. Pupienus Maximus P. F._ and on the reverse, with hands joined, _Patrus Senatus_.

A few years ago was also discovered in this place a mineral spring, said to be impregnated with sulphur, vitriol, steel, and antimony. It is esteemed a great anti-scorbutic, and is said to have performed many remarkable cures in the leprosy, scurvy, scald heads, and other cutaneous diseases.

For Shadwell church, see the article _St._ PAUL’S _Shadwell_.

SHADWELL _dock_, Shadwell.

SHADWELL _market_, Upper Shadwell.

SHADWELL WATERWORKS are placed in Shadwell, and wrought by two fire engines, that fill two main pipes of six or seven inches bore with Thames water; by which means that neighbourhood is well supplied. _Maitland._

SHAFTESBURY HOUSE, in Aldersgate street. See the article LONDON LYING-IN HOSPITAL.

SHAFT’S _court_, Leadenhall street.

SHAKESPEAR’S _walk_, Upper Shadwell.†

SHARP’S _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.† 2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.† 3. Leadenhall street.† 4. Nortonfalgate.†

SHARP’S _buildings_, Duke’s Place, near Aldgate.†

SHAW’S _alley_, Kent street, Tooley street.†

SHAW’S _court_, St. Margaret’s hill.†

SHEEN, or EAST SHEEN, a pleasant village, situated a little to the south of Mortlake, where is the fine seat of the Lord Viscount Palmerston, the successor of Sir William Temple. The gardens were laid out and completed by the great genius of Sir William, who here spent the latter part of his life.

SHEEP’S HEAD _alley_, Shoreditch.

SHEER _lane_, Temple Bar.

SHEERS _alley_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Shoreditch.* 3. White street.* 4. Wentworth street.* 5. Wood street, Cheapside.*

SHEFFIELD _street_, Clare market.

SHELDON’S _court_, Bedfordbury.†

SHEPHERD’S _alley_, near Vintner’s hall, Thames street.†

SHEPHERD’S _court_, 1. Hockley in the hole.† 2. Upper Brook street.†

SHEPHERD’S _gardens_, in the Minories.†

SHEPHERD’S _market_, near Curzon street.†

SHEPHERD’S _mews_, Park street, Southwark.†

SHEPHERD’S _street_, Oxford street.†

SHEPHERD’S _yard_, Shoreditch.†

SHERBURN _lane_, Lombard street; thus named from the brook Langbourn, which anciently ran out of Fenchurch street, and here turning south, divided into several shares, rills, or streams. This lane was also anciently called Southbourn lane, because these rills here ran south to the Thames. _Maitland._

SHERIFFS, two very ancient officers of the city, established in the time of the Saxons: but Richard I. changed the name of these officers to the Norman appellation of Bailiff, which signifies an Intendant, Collector, or petty Magistrate; as the Saxon Sciregrave implies a Judge, Overseer, or Collector. However, the appellation of Bailiff proving of no long duration, the more ancient one of Sheriff was restored to that office.

The Sheriffs are chosen by the Liverymen of the several companies on Midsummer day, the Lord Mayor drinking to those whom he nominates for their approbation: but any person who can swear that he is not worth 15000_l._ may be excused from serving the office; however, if he is qualified with respect to fortune, he is obliged to serve, or to pay a fine of about 500_l._ or otherwise to engage in a law suit with the city. This last is particularly the case of the dissenters, who look upon themselves as disqualified by law; since by act of Parliament, every person who serves the office of Sheriff ought to have received the sacrament in the church of England, twelve months before he enters upon his office.

Any gentleman of the city may be chosen an Alderman, without his serving the office of Sheriff; but he is obliged to be a Sheriff before he can be Lord Mayor.

The office of Sheriff, according to our great antiquary Mr. Camden, is to collect the public revenues within his jurisdiction, to gather into the Exchequer all fines, to serve the King’s writs of process, and by the _posse comitatus_ to compel headstrong and obstinate men to submit to the decisions of the law; to attend the Judges, and execute their orders, to impanel juries, and to take care that all condemned criminals be duly executed.

All actions for debt in the city are entered at the two compters belonging to the Sheriffs, where the prisoners either give bail, or are confined in prison, unless being freemen, they chuse to be carried to Ludgate. See the article COMPTER.

SHERIFFS COURTS, are courts of record held in Guildhall every Wednesday and Friday, for actions entered in Wood street Compter, and on Thursdays and Saturdays for those entered at the Poultry Compter, of which the Sheriffs being Judges, each has his Assistant or Deputy, who are commonly called Judges of these courts, before whom are tried actions of debt, trespass, covenant, &c. where the testimony of an absent witness in writing is allowed to be good evidence. _Maitland._

To each of these courts belong four Attorneys, a Secondary, a Clerk of the papers, a Prothonotary, and four Clerks sitters. See the article COMPTER.

SHERWOOD _street_, near Golden square.

SHIP _alley_, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. Fore street, Limehouse.* 3. Phœnix street, Spitalfields.* 4. Ratcliff highway.* 5. Wellclose square.*

SHIP _court_, in the Old Bailey.*

SHIP _street_, near New Gravel lane, Shadwell.*

SHIP _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. In the Borough.* 3. Golden lane, Barbican.* 4. Green bank, Wapping.* 5. King street, New Gravel lane.* 6. Monkwell street.* 7. Petty France, Westminster.* 8. Phœnix street.* 9, Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 10. Without Temple Bar.*

SHIP _back yard_, in the Minories.*

SHIPPEY’S _yard_, in the Minories.†

SHIPPING _stairs_, Limehouse.

SHIPWRIGHTS, a company by prescription for several ages, were incorporated by letters patent granted by King James I. in the year 1605.

This corporation consists of a Master, two Wardens, and sixteen Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall: for though they had formerly a hall near Ratcliff cross, yet that being demolished they occasionally meet at different places to transact their affairs.

SHIPWRIGHTS _street_, Rotherhith.

SHITTEN _alley_, Chamber street, Shadwell.‖

SHOE _lane_, extends from Fleet street to Holborn.

SHOEMAKER _row_, 1. By Aldgate. 2. Black friars.

SHOEMAKERS. See the article CORDWAINERS.

SHOEMAKERS _yard_, Deadman’s place.

SHOOTER’S _court_, Basinghall street.

SHOREDITCH, extends from Nortonfalgate to the end of Old street. Shoreditch was anciently a village situated along the Roman highway, by the Saxons denominated Eald street, or Old street, and according to Maitland, owes its name to one of the predecessors of Sir John Sordig, or Sordich, who was Lord thereof in the year 1339, and not, as vulgarly supposed, to Jane Shore, concubine to Edward IV. This village was at a considerable distance north of the city of London, though it is now joined to it.

SHOREDITCH _alley_, Shoreditch.

SHOREDITCH _church_, at the north end of Shoreditch. See the article _St._ LEONARD _Shoreditch_.

SHOREY’S _alley_, King’s alley, Rotherhith†

SHORTER’S _court_, Throgmorton street.†

SHORTER’S _street_, Cable street, Rag fair.†

SHORT’S _buildings_, Clerkenwell.†

SHORT’S _gardens_, Drury lane.†

SHOVEL _alley_, 1. Back lane, Rag fair.* 2. Cable street.* 3. St. Catharine’s.* 4. East Smithfield.* 5. Great Gardens, St. Catharine’s lane.* 6. Wood street, Cheapside.*

SHOULDER OF MUTTON _alley_, Limehouse.*

SHOULDER OF MUTTON _walk_, Hackney.*

SHOULDER OF MUTTON _yard_, Butcher row, without Temple Bar.*

SHREEVE’S _rents_, Duke street, Bloomsbury.†

SHREWSBURY _court_, 1. Stony lane.† 2. Whitecross street, Fore street.†

SHUG _lane_, near Piccadilly.

SHUTTER’S _alley_, Whitechapel.†

SIDNEY’S _alley_, Leicester fields.†

SIDNEY’S _street_, Leicester fields; so named from Sidney Earl of Leicester.

SIGNET OFFICE, Whitehall; an office under the Principal Secretaries of state, who have the custody of the King’s seal, called the signet; the use and application whereof gives name to this office, which constantly attends the court.

In this office there are four chief Clerks, and two Deputies. These chief Clerks wait alternately by months, and prepare such writings as are to pass the signet. They have no fee from the King, but only 200_l._ a year board wages. One of them always attends the court wheresoever it removes, and, by warrant from his Majesty, prepares such bills or letters for the King to sign, as not being matter of law, they are directed by warrant to prepare.

In their office all grants, either prepared by the King’s Counsel at law, or by themselves, for the King’s hand, when signed, are returned, and there transcribed again; and that transcript is carried to one of the Principal Secretaries of state, and sealed; and then it is called a signet. This being directed to the Lord Privy Seal, is his warrant for issuing out a privy seal upon it. Privy seals for money, however, now always begin in the Treasury, from whence the first warrant issues, counter-signed by the Lord Treasurer: but when the nature of the grant requires the passing of the great seal, then the privy seal is an authority to the Lord Chancellor, to pass the great seal; as the signet was to the Lord Privy Seal to affix that seal to the grant. But in all these three offices, the signet, privy seal, and great seal, the grant is transcribed; and therefore every thing which passes from the King has these several ways of being considered before it is perfected. _Chamberlain’s Present State._

SILKMEN, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles I. in the year 1631. They have a Governor and twenty Assistants; but neither hall nor livery. _Maitland._

SILK THROWERS. This trade was first practised in London in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, by foreigners, whose dependents, and those to whom they had taught the art of silk throwing, were constituted a fellowship of the city in 1622, and were afterwards incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles I. in the year 1630.

They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty Assistants; but have neither hall nor livery. _Maitland._

_Office of Clerk of the King’s_ SILVER, in the Inner Temple. To this Clerk every fine or final agreement upon the sale of land, is brought, after it has been with the Custos Brevium, when he makes an entry of what money is to be paid to the King’s use. This office belongs to the court of Common Pleas, and is executed by a Deputy. _Chamberlain’s Present State._

SILVER _court_, 1. Oxford street, 2. Woodstock street, Oxford street.

SILVER _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Bridgewater square. 3. Near Golden square. 4. Green alley, Tooley street. 5. Hare street, Spitalfields. 6. Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 7. Pelham street, Spitalfields. 8. Soho square. 9. White Friars, Fleet street. 10. Wood street, Cheapside.

SIMMOND’S INN. See SYMOND’S INN.

SING’S _court_, Little Mitchell street, Old street.†

_The End of the_ FIFTH VOLUME.

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● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they were
intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or L^{d.}
Egemont.
○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).