Chapter I: Front Matter

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| IN THE TIME OF THE STUARTS |
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| L O N D O N |
| IN MEDIÆVAL TIMES. _In preparation._ |
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►The Survey of London◄

LONDON
IN THE TIME OF THE TUDORS

QUEEN ELIZABETH (1533–1603) From the painting by Gerard at Burleigh House.]

LONDON
IN THE TIME OF THE TUDORS

BY
SIR WALTER BESANT

LONDON
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK
1904

CONTENTS

TUDOR SOVEREIGNS

CHAP. PAGE

1. HENRY VII. 3

2. HENRY VIII. 17

3. EDWARD VI. 45

4. MARY 52

5. ELIZABETH 65

6. THE QUEEN IN SPLENDOUR 85

RELIGION

1. THE DISSOLUTION AND THE MARTYRS 109

2. THE PROGRESS OF THE REFORMATION 143

3. SUPERSTITION 162

ELIZABETHAN LONDON

1. WITH STOW 171

2. CONTEMPORARY EVIDENCE 185

3. THE CITIZENS 196

GOVERNMENT AND TRADE OF THE CITY

1. THE MAYOR 209

2. TRADE 216

3. LITERATURE AND ART 244

4. GOG AND MAGOG 263

SOCIAL LIFE

1. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS 269

2. FOOD AND DRINK 292

3. DRESS—WEDDINGS 303

4. SOLDIERS 316

5. THE ’PRENTICE 323

6. THE LONDON INNS 333

7. THEATRES AND SPORTS 342

8. THE POOR 366

9. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT 379

APPENDICES 397

INDEX 421

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Queen Elizabeth _Frontispiece_

Henry VII. 3

Perkin Warbeck 7

Katherine of Aragon and Arthur, Prince of Wales 10

The Exchequer in the time of Henry VII. 11

The Children of King Henry VII. _Facing page_ 12

Screen in Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey 14

Interior of Henry VII.’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey 15

Henry VIII. when young 17

Henry VIII. 18

Katherine of Aragon 19

Henry VIII. as a Musician 22

Cardinal Wolsey 25

Eastcheap Market 27

The King in Parliament 29

Henry VIII. granting the Barber-Surgeons’ Charter 31

The Burning of Anne Askew 33

Dean Colet 34

Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex 35

Dean Colet’s House, Stepney 36

A Procession 37

Henry VIII., Princess Mary, and Will Somers _Facing page_ 38

Embarkation of Henry VIII. at Dover 41

Edward VI. 45

Edward VI. (three-quarter length) 47

Edward VI. granting Charter to Bridewell _Facing page_ 48

The Coronation Procession of Edward VI. 50

Mary Tudor 52

Lady Jane Grey 55

St. Peter ad Vincula, overlooking Tower Green 57

Execution of Lady Jane Grey _Facing page_ 58

The Persecution of John Bradford 60

The Martyrdom of John Bradford 60

Interior of the Bell Tower 61

Philip II. of Spain _Facing page_ 62

Queen Elizabeth 65

Queen Elizabeth 67

_Feus de Joye_ in honour of Queen Elizabeth’s Entry into London 69

Queen Elizabeth 71

Queen Elizabeth 72

Queen Elizabeth (full length) 73

Sir Philip Sidney and his brother Lord Lisle 75

The Spanish Armada (the first engagement) _Facing page_ 76

View of the House of Peers 79

Lord Burghley 81

Hampton Court 85

Nonsuch House 89

Coaches of Queen Elizabeth 91

Royal Procession to St. Paul’s 93

Queen Elizabeth going in Procession to St. Paul’s _Facing page_ 94

The Tower 97

Westminster 98

A Hunting Scene 101

Queen Elizabeth’s Funeral _Facing page_ 102

The Palace of Greenwich 104

Queen Elizabeth 105

Carthusian Martyrs 113

Sir Thomas More 115

Martyrs at Smithfield 121

Westminster Abbey 123

Bishop Gardiner 125

Queen Elizabeth at Prayer 129

Protestant Prisoners 133

Hugh Latimer 134

Bishop Ridley 135

Thomas Cranmer 137

The Burning of John Rogers 139

The Martyrdom of Archbishop Cranmer 141

Queen Elizabeth’s Tomb 147

Popish Plots and Treasons _Facing pages_ 148 and 149

Knight seizing an Archbishop 149

A Royal Picnic 153

Old St. Paul’s 157

The Tower of London 173

Cloisters of St. Katherine’s 175

St. Paul’s Church 177

Latimer preaching before Edward VI. at Westminster 178

Baynard’s Castle 179

West Cheap in Elizabethan London 182

Cold Harbour 184

Bridewell Palace and Entrance to the Fleet River 186

Londinium Feracissimi Angliae Regni Metropolis 187

Plan of the City of Westminster 189

Plan of the City of London in the time of Elizabeth 189

Parish of St. Giles in the Fields _Between pages_ 190 and 191

Bishopsgate 192

Plan of Islington 193

Earl of Somerset and his Wife 196

Shop and Solar, Clare Market 199

Tottenham Court _Facing page_ 200

Queen Elizabeth’s Bath 204

Mayor and Aldermen 209

London Bridge 213

The Custom House 216

Panorama of London and Westminster _Between pages_ 218 and 219

Sir Thomas Gresham 221

Christ’s Hospital 223

Sir Francis Drake 226

Drake’s _Golden Hind_ 227

A Merchant of the Steelyard 231

Medals struck in Commemoration of the Armada _Facing page_ 232

Panorama of London—London Bridge _Between pages_ 234 and 235

The Tower in 1553 239

Near Paul’s Wharf 241

Tradesmen of the Tudor Period 242

Old Temple Bar in time of James I. 245

Sir Francis Bacon 248

William Shakespeare 249

Edmund Spenser 251

Ben Jonson 259

Holbein 261

Staple Inn, Holborn 277

The More Family _Facing page_ 282

A Ship of the time of Henry VIII. 289

Tittle-Tattle; or, the several Branches of Gossiping 295

Marriage Feast of Sir H. Unton 301

Lady Hunsdon in a Farthingale 303

Lady in the Court of Queen Elizabeth 304

Noble Matron of England 304

English Lady of Quality 305

English Nobleman 305

Wealthy Merchant of London 308

Page Boy of the time of Edward VI. 309

Sir William Russell 310

Court of Wards and Liveries in the time of Elizabeth _Facing page_ 310

Robert de Vere 311

John Clinch, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 311

Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench 311

The Christening of Prince Arthur 313

Burial in the Fields 314

Soldiers of the Tudor Period 316

Yeoman of the Guard 318

A Knight in Armour 319

Pikeman 320

Musketeer 321

Sign of the Boar’s Head, East Cheap 339

The Bear Garden and the Globe Theatre 342

Bankside, Southwark, in 1648, with a view of Holland’s Leaguer
_Facing page_ 346

Panorama of London—the Tower and Greenwich _Between pages_ 350 and 351

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester 357

A Fête at Horselydown 361

The Dancing Picture 364

The Pillory 381

Engravings taken from Henry VIII.’s Armour 383

Billingsgate 385

The Cucking-Stool 389

TUDOR SOVEREIGNS