Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber's Note

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES

VOLUME LXIX

THE

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES.

Each book complete in One Volume, 12mo, and bound in Cloth.

1. THE FORMS OF WATER IN CLOUDS AND RIVERS, ICE AND GLACIERS. By J.
Tyndall, LL. D., F. R. S. With 35 Illustrations. $1.50.

2. PHYSICS AND POLITICS; or, Thoughts on the Application of the
Principles of "Natural Selection" and "Inheritance" to Political
Society. By Walter Bagehot. $1.50.

3. FOODS. By Edward Smith, M. D., LL. B., F. R. S. With numerous
Illustrations. $1.75.

4. MIND AND BODY: The Theories of their Relation. By Alexander
Bain, LL. D. With 4 Illustrations. $1.50.

5. THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY. By Herbert Spencer. $1.50.

6. THE NEW CHEMISTRY. By Professor J. P. Cooke, Harvard University.
With 31 Illustrations. $2.00.

7. THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY. By Balfour Stewart, M.A., LL. D., F.
R. S. With 14 Illustrations. $1.50.

8. ANIMAL LOCOMOTION; or, Walking, Swimming, and Flying. By J. B.
Pettigrew, M. D., F. R. S., etc. With 130 Illustrations. $1.75.

9. RESPONSIBILITY IN MENTAL DISEASE. By Henry Maudsley, M. D.,
$1.50.

10. THE SCIENCE OF LAW. By Professor Sheldon Amos. $1.75.

11. ANIMAL MECHANISM: A Treatise on Terrestrial and Aërial
Locomotion. By Professor E. J. Marey, College of France. With
117 Illustrations. $1.75.

12. THE HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE. By J.
W. Draper, M. D., LL. D. $1.75.

13. THE DOCTRINE OF DESCENT AND DARWINISM. By Professor Oscar
Schmidt, Strasburg University. With 26 Illustrations. $1.50.

14. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIGHT AND PHOTOGRAPHY IN THEIR APPLICATION
TO ART, SCIENCE, AND INDUSTRY. By Dr. Hermann Vogel, Royal
Industrial Academy of Berlin. With 100 Illustrations.. $2.00.

15. FUNGI: Their Nature and Uses. By M. C. Cooke, M. A., LL. D.
Edited by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., F. L. S. With 109
Illustrations. $1.50.

16. THE LIFE AND GROWTH OF LANGUAGE. By Professor William Dwight
Whitney, Yale College. $1 50.

17. MONEY AND THE MECHANISM OF EXCHANGE. By W. Stanley Jevons, M. A.,
F. R. S. $1.75.

18. THE NATURE OF LIGHT, with a General Account of Physical Optics.
By Dr. Eugene Lommel. With 188 Illustrations and a Table of
Spectra in Colors. $2.00.

19. ANIMAL PARASITES AND MESSMATES. By Professor P. J. Van Beneden,
University of Louvain. With 83 Illustrations. $1.50.

20. FERMENTATION. By Professor P. Schützenberger. With 28
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21. THE FIVE SENSES OF MAN. By Professor Julius Bernstein,
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22. THE THEORY OF SOUND IN ITS RELATION TO MUSIC. By Professor
Pietro Blaserna, Royal University of Rome. With numerous
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23. STUDIES IN SPECTRUM ANALYSIS. By J. Norman Lockyer, F. R. S.
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24. A HISTORY OF THE GROWTH OF THE STEAM-ENGINE. By Professor R. H.
Thurston, Cornell University. With 163 Illustrations. $2.50.

25. EDUCATION AS A SCIENCE. By Alexander Bain, LL. D. $1.75.

26. STUDENTS 1 TEXT-BOOK OF COLOR; or, Modern Chromatics. With
Applications to Art and Industry. By Professor Ogden N. Rood,
Columbia College. With 130 Illustrations. $2.00.

27. THE HUMAN SPECIES. By Professor A. de Quatrefages, Museum of
Natural History, Paris. $2.00.

28. THE CRAYFISH: An Introduction to the Study of Zoölogy. By T. H.
Huxley, F. R. S. With 82 Illustrations. $1.75.

29. THE ATOMIC THEORY. By Professor A. Wurtz. Translated by E.
Cleminshaw, F. C. S. With Illustrative Chart, $1.50.

30. ANIMAL LIFE AS AFFECTED BY THE NATURAL CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE.
By Professor Karl Semper, University of Würzburg. With 106
Illustrations and 2 Maps. $2.00.

31. SIGHT: An Exposition of the Principles of Monocular and
Binocular Vision. By Professor Joseph Le Conte, LL. D.,
University of California. With 132 Illustrations. $1.50.

32. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLES AND NERVES. By Professor I.
Rosenthal, University of Erlangen. With 75 Illustrations. $1.50.

33. ILLUSIONS: A Psychological Study. By James Sully. $1.50.

34. THE SUN. By Professor C. A. Young, College of New Jersey. With
83 Illustrations. $2.00.

35. VOLCANOES; What they Are and What they Teach. By Professor John
W. Judd, F. R S., Royal School of Mines. With 96 Illustrations.
$2.00.

36. SUICIDE: An Essay in Comparative Moral Statistics. By Professor
Henry Morselli, M. D., Royal University, Turin. With 4
Statistical Maps. $1.75.

37. THE FORMATION OF VEGETABLE MOULD, THROUGH THE ACTION OF WORMS.
With Observations on their Habits. By Charles Darwin, LL. D., F.
R. S. With 15 Illustrations. $1.50.

38. THE CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF MODERN PHYSICS. By J. B. Stallo.
$1.75.

39. THE BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS. By J. Luys, Hospice Salpêtrière,
Paris. With 6 Illustrations. $1.50.

40. MYTH AND SCIENCE. By Tito Vignoli. $1.50.

41. DISEASES OF MEMORY: An Essay in the Positive Psychology. By Th.
Ribot, author of "Heredity." $1.59.

42. ANTS, BEES. AND WASPS. A Record of Observations of the Habits of
the Social Hymenoptera. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., F. R. S.,
etc. $2.00.

43. THE SCIENCE OF POLITICS. By Professor Sheldon Amos. $1.75.

44. ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE. By George J. Romanes, M. D., F. R. S. $1.75.

45. MAN BEFORE METALS. By Professor N. Jolt, Science Faculty of
Toulouse. With 148 Illustrations. $1.75.

46. THE ORGANS OF SPEECH AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE FORMATION OF
ARTICULATE SOUNDS. By Professor G. H. von Meter, University of
Zürich. With 47 Illustrations. $1.75.

47. FALLACIES: A View of Logic from the Practical Side. By Alfred
Sidgwick, B. A., Oxon. $1.75.

48. ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. By Alphonse de Candolle. $2.00.

49. JELLY-FISH, STAR-FISH, AND SEA-URCHINS. A Research on Primitive
Nervous Systems. By George J. Romanes, M. D., F. R. S. With 63
Illustrations. $1.75.

50. THE COMMON SENSE OF THE EXACT SCIENCES. By William Kingdon
Clifford. With 100 Figures. $1.50.

51. PHYSICAL EXPRESSION: Its Modes and Principles. By Francis
Warner, M.D., Assistant Physician, London Hospital. With 51
Illustrations $1.75.

52. ANTHROPOID APES. By Professor Robert Hartmann, University of
Berlin. With 63 Illustrations. $1.75.

53. THE MAMMALIA IN THEIR RELATION TO PRIMEVAL TIMES By Professor
Oscar Schmidt, University of Strasburg. With 51 Illustrations.
$1.50.

54. COMPARATIVE LITERATURE. By Professor H. M. Posnett, M. A.,
University College, Auckland. $1.75.

55. EARTHQUAKES AND OTHER EARTH MOVEMENTS. By Professor John Milne,
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56. MICROBES, FERMENTS, AND MOULDS. By E. L. Trouessart. With 107
Illustrations. $1.50.

57. THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. By
Professor Angelo Heilprin, Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia. $2.00.

58. WEATHER. A Popular Exposition of the Nature of Weather Changes
from Day to Day. With 96 Diagrams. By Hon. Ralph Abercromby.
$1.75.

59. ANIMAL MAGNETISM. By Alfred Binet and Charles Féré, Assistant
Physician, Hospice Salpêtrière, Paris. With 16 Figures. $1.50.

60. INTERNATIONAL LAW, with Materials for a Code of International
Law. By Professor Leone Levi, King's College, London. $1.50.

61. THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. With 79 Illustrations. By Sir
J. William Dawson. LL. D.. F. B. S. $1.75.

62. ANTHROPOLOGY. An Introduction to the Study of Man and
Civilization. By Edward B. Tylor, D. C. L., F. R. S. With 78
Illustrations. $2.00.

63. THE ORIGIN OF FLORAL STRUCTURES, THROUGH INSECT AND OTHER
AGENCIES. By the Rev. George Henslow, M. A., etc. With 88
Illustrations. $1.75.

64. THE SENSES, INSTINCTS, AND INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS, WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO INSECTS. By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., F. R. S., etc.
With 118 Illustrations. $1.75.

65. THE PRIMITIVE FAMILY IN ITS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT. By Dr. C. N.
Starcke, University of Copenhagen. $1.75.

66. PHYSIOLOGY OF BODILY EXERCISE. By F. Lagrange, M.D. $1.75.

67. THE COLORS OF ANIMALS: Their Meaning and Use. By Edward Bagnall
Poulton, F. R. S. With 36 Illustrations and 1 Colored Plate.
$1.75.

68. SOCIALISM: New and Old. By Professor William Graham, M. A.,
Queen's College, Belfast. $1.75.

69. MAN AND THE GLACIAL PERIOD. By Professor G. Frederick Wright, D.
D., Oberlin Theological Seminary. With 108 Illustrations and 3
Maps. $1.75.

70. HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND LATIN PALÆOGRAPHY. By Edward Maunde
Thompson, D. C. L., etc. $2.00.

71. A HISTORY OF CRUSTACEA. Recent Malacostraca. By the Rev. Thomas
R. R. Stebbing, M. A. With 51 Illustrations. $2.00.

72. RACE AND LANGUAGE. By Professor André Lefèvre, Anthropological
School, Paris.

New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 72 Filth Avenue.

* * * * *

THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERIES

MAN AND

THE GLACIAL PERIOD

BY

G. FREDERICK WRIGHT

D. D., LL. D., F. G. S. A.

PROFESSOR IN OBERLIN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
FORMERLY ASSISTANT ON THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
AUTHOR OF THE ICE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA.
LOGIC OF CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES, ETC.

_WITH AN APPENDIX ON TERTIARY MAN_
By PROF. HENRY W. HAYNES

FULLY ILLUSTRATED

_SECOND EDITION_

NEW YORK
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

1895

Copyright, 1892,

By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

Electrotyped and Printed
at the Appleton Press, U. S. A.

TO

JUDGE C. C. BALDWIN

PRESIDENT OF THE WESTERN RESERVE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

CLEVELAND

THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED

IN RECOGNITION OF

HIS SAGACIOUS AND UNFAILING INTEREST IN

THE INVESTIGATIONS WHICH HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE