Chapter II: Preface: vii

BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii

I. EARLY EARTHWORKS AND ROMAN STATIONS 1

II. THE SAXON AND DANISH PERIOD 21

III. THE ENGLISH CASTLE AFTER THE CONQUEST 35

IV. THE PROGRESS OF ATTACK AND DEFENCE 58

V. THE BEGINNING OF THE STONE CASTLE 83

VI. THE KEEP OF THE NORMAN CASTLE 110

VII. THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION: CYLINDRICAL TOWER-KEEPS 160

VIII. THE DWELLING-HOUSE IN THE CASTLE 188

IX. CASTLES OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY: THE FORTIFICATION
OF THE CURTAIN 212

X. THE EDWARDIAN CASTLE AND THE CONCENTRIC PLAN 252

XI. MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN THE LATER MIDDLE
AGES: FORTIFIED TOWNS AND CASTLES 287

XII. THE AGE OF TRANSITION: THE FORTIFIED DWELLING-HOUSE 334

INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES 369

INDEX RERUM 381

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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—— The Ordnance of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (_Archaeol.
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CODRINGTON, THOMAS. Roman Roads in Britain. London, 1903.

D’AUVERGNE, EDMUND B. The Castles of England. London, 1907.

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HARVEY, ALFRED. The Castles and Walled Towns of England. London, 1911.

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HOPE, W. H. ST JOHN. English fortresses and castles of the tenth and
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MACKENZIE, Sir J. D. The Castles of England, their Story and
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architecture in England. 3 vols, in 4. Oxford, 1851-9.

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3. Special Monographs, etc.

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—— Knowles, W. H., F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. The Gatehouse and Barbican of
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AMBERLEY. Clarkson, G. A. (_Sussex Arch. Coll._, xvii. 185-339).

ARUNDEL. Clark, i. 195-203.

AUCKLAND. Rev. J. F. Hodgson (_Archaeologia Æliana_, xix. 89-92).

AYDON. Knowles, W. H. (_Archaeologia_, lvi. 78-88). _See_ also Bates,
_Border Holds_.

BAMBURGH. Bates, _Border Holds_; Clark, G. T. (_Archaeol. Journal_,
xlvi. 93-113).

BARNARD CASTLE. Clark, i. 204-13.

BEAUMARIS. Clark, i. 213-17.

BELSAY. Bates, _Border Holds_.

—— Middleton, Sir Arthur E., Bart. An account of Belsay castle
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BERKELEY. Clark, i. 228-39.

BERKHAMPSTEAD. Clark, i. 223-38.

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BODIAM. Clark, i. 239-47.

—— Sands, Harold, F.S.A., in _Sussex Archaeol. Collections_, xlvi.
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BOTHAL. Bates, _Border Holds_.

BOWES. Clark, i. 259-64.

BRIDGNORTH. Clark, i. 273-81.

BRISTOL. Harvey, Alfred, M.B. Bristol, a historical and topographical
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—— (castle). Pritchard, J. E., F.S.A. (_Proceedings of Clifton
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BRONLLYS. Clark, i. 283-6; _Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 3rd ser., viii.
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BROUGHTON. Lord Saye and Sele (_Berks, Bucks, and Oxon. Archaeol.
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BUILTH. Clark, i. 304-8.

CAERPHILLY. Clark, i. 315-35.

CALDICOT. Bellows, J. (_Cotteswold Field Club_, vi. 263-7).

CALDICOT. Cobb, J. R. (_Clifton Antiq. Club_, iii. 35-40).

CAMBRIDGE. Hope, W. H. St John (_Camb. Antiq. Soc._, xi. 324-46).

—— Hughes, Prof. T. M‘Kenny, F.S.A. (_ibid._, ix. 348).

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CARLISLE. Clark, i. 350-8

CARNARVON. Clark, i. 309-15.

—— Hartshorne, C. H. (_Archaeol. Journal_, vii. 237-65: _Archaeologia
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CHÂTEAU-GAILLARD. Clark, i. 378-85; Dieulafoy, M., _see_ General
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CORFE. Blashill, T. (_Journal Archaeol. Assoc._, xxviii. 258-71).

—— Bond, T. History and Description of Corfe Castle. London and
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COUCY. Clark, i. 476-87.

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—— Viollet-le-Duc, E. Description du Château de Coucy. Paris, n.d.

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DOLWYDDELAN. Barnwell, E. L. (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 4th ser.,
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DOMFRONT. Blanchetière, L. Le Donjon ou Château féodal de Domfront
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—— Clark, ii. 4-24.

DUFFIELD. Cox, J. C., LL.D., F.S.A. (_Derbyshire Archaeol. Soc._, ix.
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DUNSTANBURGH. Bates, _Border Holds_.

—— Compton, C. H. (_Journal British Archaeol. Assoc._, new ser., ix.
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DURHAM. Clark, ii. 32-5, and _Archaeol. Journal_, xxxix. 1-22.

—— Gee, H., D.D., F.S.A. (_Proc. Soc. Antiq._, 2nd ser., xx. 17-18,
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EXETER. Clark, ii. 44-7.

FALAISE. Ruprich-Robert, V. Paris, 1864.

GILLING. Bilson, J. (_Yorks Archæol. Journal_, xix. 105-92).

GUILDFORD. Clark, ii. 53-71.

—— Malden, H. E. (_Surrey Archaeol. Soc._, xvi. 28-34).

HADDON. Cheetham, F. H. Haddon Hall. London and Manchester, 1904.

HALLATON. Dibbin, H. A. (_Proc. Soc. Antiq._, 2nd ser., vii. 316-21).

HARLECH. Chapman, F. G. W. (_Journal British Archaeol. Assoc._ xxxiv.
159-67).

—— Clark, ii. 72-81.

HASTINGS. Clark, ii. 82-88.

—— Dawson, C., F.S.A. History of Hastings Castle. 2 vols. London,
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HAWARDEN. Clark, ii. 88-99.

HELMSLEY. Clark, ii. 100-8.

KENILWORTH. Clark, ii. 130-53.

—— Knowles, E. H. The Castle of Kenilworth. Warwick, 1872.

KENTISH CASTLES. Sands, Harold. Some Kentish Castles (_Memorials of
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KIDWELLY. Clark, ii. 153-62.

KNARESBOROUGH. Clark, ii. 168-76.

LANCASHIRE CASTLES. Fishwick, H. Lancashire castles (_Lancs. and
Chesh. Antiq. Soc._, xix. 45-76).

LANCASTER. Cox, E. W. (_Hist. Soc. Lancs. and Cheshire_, new ser.,
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LANGLEY. Bates, C. J. (_Archaeologia Æliana_, x. 38-56).

LEEDS. Clark, ii. 176-8.

—— James, F. V. (_Archaeologia Cantiana_, xxv. pp. xlix-liii).

LEICESTER. Clark, ii. 182-8.

—— Thompson, James. Leicester Castle. Leicester, 1859.

LEWES. Clark (_Sussex Archaeol. Collections_, xxxiv. 57-70).

LINCOLN. Clark, ii. 189-201.

—— Sympson, E. Mansel, M.D. Lincoln, a historical and topographical
account of the city. London, 1906.

LLANSTEPHAN. Williams, Sir John (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 6th ser.,
vii. 108-18).

LONDON, TOWER OF. Clark, ii. 203-72.

—— Sands, H., F.S.A. (_Memorials of Old London_, London, 1908, vol.
i. 27-65).

LUDLOW. Clark, ii. 273-90.

—— Hope, W. H. St John (_Archæologia_, lxi. 258-328).

LUMLEY. Dodd, J. (_Journal British Archaeol. Assoc._, xxii. 45, 46).

MANORBIER. Duckett, Sir J. (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 4th ser., xi.
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MIDDLEHAM. Clark, ii. 293-300.

MITFORD. Clark, ii. 300-3.

MONTGOMERY. Clark, ii. 303-12.

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—— Heslop, R. O., F.S.A. (_ibid._, xxv. 91-105; _Journal of British
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—— The Castle of Newcastle, a short descriptive guide. Newcastle,
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NORHAM. Bates, C. J. (_Archaeologia Æliana_, v. 52-5).

—— Clark, ii. 322-35.

—— Jerningham, Sir H. E. H. Norham Castle. Edinburgh, 1883.

NORTHAMPTON. Hartshorne, C. H. (_Archaeol. Journal_, iii. 309-32).

NORTHUMBRIAN CASTLES. Bates, Cadwallader J. The Border Holds of
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OLD SARUM. Clark, ii. 447-458.

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PEAK CASTLE. Hartshorne, C. H. (_Archaeol. Journ._, v. 207-16).

—— Hope, W. H. St John (_Derbyshire Archaeol. Soc._, xi. 120-6).

—— Kirke, Henry (_Derbyshire Archaeol. and Nat. Hist. Soc._, xxviii.
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PEMBROKE. Clark (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 3rd series, v. 1-13,
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—— Cobb, J. R. (_ibid._, 4th series, xiv. 196-220, 264-73).

PEVENSEY. Clark, ii. 359-67.

—— Salzmann, L. F. (_Sussex Archaeol. Collections_, xlix. 1-30, etc.).

PICKERING. Clark, ii. 368-75.

PONTEFRACT. Clark, ii. 375-88.

—— Hartshorne, C. H., _Journal British Archaeol. Assoc._, xx. 136-55).

PORCHESTER. Clark, ii. 388-400.

PRUDHOE. Bates, _Border Holds_.

RABY. Scott, O. S., Raby, its Castle and its Lords. Barnard Castle,
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RAGLAN. Beattie, W. (_Jour. Archaeol. Assoc._, ix. 215-30).

—— Bradney, J. A. (_Bristol and Glouc. Archaeol. Soc._, xx. 76-87).

RICHMOND. Clark (_Yorkshire Archæol. Journal_, ix. 33-54).

—— Curwen, J. F., (_Cumberland and Westmorland Antiq. and Archaeol.
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—— _Yorks Archæol. Journal_, xx. 132-3.

RISING. Beloe, E. M., F.S.A. (_Norfolk Archaeology_, xii. 164-89).

—— Clark, i. 364-77.

ROCHESTER. Beattie, W. (_Journal Archaeol. Assoc._, ix. 215-30).

—— Clark, ii. 405-23.

ROCHESTER. Hartshorne, C. H. (_Archaeol. Journal_, xx. 205-23).

—— Payne, G. (_Archaeologia Cantiana_, xxvii. 177-92).

ROCKINGHAM. Bigge, H. J. (_Assoc. Archit. Soc. Reports_, xi. 109-18).

—— Clark, ii. 423-46.

—— Hartshorne, C. H. (_Archaeol. Journal_, i. 356-78); and privately
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—— Wise, C. Rockingham Castle and the Watsons. London, 1891.

SANDAL. Walker, J. W., F.S.A. (_Yorks Archæol. Journal_, xiii.
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SCARBOROUGH. Clark, ii. 458-67.

—— Stevenson, W. H. (_East Riding Antiq. Soc._, xiv. 13-17).

SKENFRITH. Bagnall-Oakeley, E. (_Bristol and Glouc. Archaeol. Soc._,
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—— Clark, ii. 467-72.

SOUTHAMPTON (town walls). Clark, ii. 472-81.

—— Hope, W. H. St John (_Proc. Soc. Antiq._, 2nd series, xvii. 221-4).

STOKESAY. De la Touche, G. (_Journal British Archaeol. Assoc._, xxiv.
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—— J. G. D. (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, xvi. 299-304).

SUFFOLK CASTLES. Redstone, V. B. Suffolk Castles (_Suffolk Archaeol.
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SUSSEX CASTLES. Blaauw, W. H. Royal licences to fortify towns and
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SWANSEA. Capper, C. (_Archaeologia Cambrensis_, 5th series, iii.
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TAMWORTH. Clark, ii. 481-8.

TATTERSHALL. Sympson, E. Mansel (_Memorials of Old Lincolnshire_,
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TICKHILL. Clark, ii. 494-9.

TRETOWER. Clark, ii. 499-503.

TUTBURY. Clark, ii. 505-8.

WARK. Bates, _Border Holds_.

WARKWORTH. Bates, _Border Holds_.

WELLS (bishop’s palace). Davis, C. E. (_Journal British Archaeol.
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WINGFIELD. Cox, J. C. (_Derbyshire Archaeol. Soc._, viii. 65-78).

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YORK. Clark, ii. 534-48 (The Defences of York).

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—— —— The Castle of York. London, 1912.

YORKSHIRE CASTLES. Thompson, A. Hamilton. The Castles of Yorkshire
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MILITARY ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES