Chapter XI

1655-1658

THE COMING OF THE SULPICIANS

(1657)

MAISONNEUVE GOES TO FRANCE--ARRANGES FOR HOSPITALIERES AND
SULPICIANS--BISHOPRIC FOR NEW FRANCE--THE NOMINATIONS OF DE
QUEYLUS AND LAVAL--THE APPOINTMENT DELAYED--THE DEATH OF M.
OLIER--THE ARRIVAL OF DE QUEYLUS AND MAISONNEUVE AT QUEBEC--TWO
RIVAL "GRANDS VICAIRES"--DE QUEYLUS GOES TO MONTREAL AND
QUICKLY RETURNS TO RULE THE CHURCH IN QUEBEC--THE INTRUSION
RESENTED--THE SULPICIANS IN MONTREAL--TRIBUTE TO THEM AS CIVIC
AND RELIGIOUS ADMINISTRATORS--IROQUOIS HOSTILITIES RESUMED--THE
HEAD OF JEAN ST. PERE--THE CHURCH IN MONTREAL TAKES ON "PARISH"
PRETENSIONS--CHURCH WARDENS AND "LA FABRIQUE"--THE FIRST SCHOOL
HOUSE--THE FLIGHT TO MONTREAL FROM ONONDAGA--PRECAUTIONARY
ORDINANCES BY MAISONNEUVE--FORTIFIED REDOUBTS--THE ECCLESIASTICAL
DISPUTE SETTLED--DE QUEN "GRAND VICAIRE" OF QUEBEC, DE QUEYLUS OF
MONTREAL--BON SECOURS CHURCH DELAYED--JEANNE MANCE AND MARGUERITE
BOURGEOYS VISIT FRANCE 137

CHAPTER XII

1659

THE NEW REINFORCEMENT FOR MONTREAL

THE COMING OF LAVAL

RETROSPECT OF MAISONNEUVE'S JUDICIAL SENTENCES--FIRST DEATH
SENTENCE--INJURIOUS LANGUAGE--CALUMNY--BANISHMENT--GAMES OF CHANCE,
DRUNKENNESS AND BLASPHEMY, ETC., FORBIDDEN--THE GOVERNOR GENERAL AND
THE LOCAL GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL--A PESSIMISTIC PICTURE OF MONTREAL IN
1659--A BISHOP FOR NEW FRANCE--LAVAL, CONSECRATED BISHOP OF PETREA IN
ARABIA, ARRIVES AT QUEBEC AS VICAR APOSTOLIC--DE QUEYLUS RECALLED TO
FRANCE--THE REINFORCEMENT ARRIVES WITH JEANNE MANCE AND MARGUERITE
BOURGEOYS--THE STORY OF ITS JOURNEY--DIFFICULTIES AT LA FLECHE--SHIP
FEVER ON THE ST. ANDRE--DIFFICULTIES AT QUEBEC--LAVAL WOULD RETAIN
THE HOSPITALIERES BROUGHT BY JEANNE MANCE--THEY ARE FINALLY ALLOWED
TO PROCEED TO THE HOTEL-DIEU OF MONTREAL 151

CHAPTER XIII

1660

HOW MONTREAL SAVED NEW FRANCE

DOLLARD'S EXPLOIT AT THE LONG SAULT

UNIVERSAL FEAR OF IROQUOIS IN THE COLONY--THE GARRISON
OFFICERS AT MONTREAL--ADAM DOLLARD, SIEUR DES ORMEAUX--THE
PERMISSION FROM THE GOVERNOR TO LEAD AN ATTACK UP COUNTRY--HIS
COMPANIONS--PREPARATIONS--WILLS AND THE SACRAMENTS--THE FLOTILLA
OF CANOES--THE LONG SAULT REACHED--THE DILAPIDATED IROQUOIS WAR
CAMP--ANONTAHA AND MITIWEMEG--THE AMBUSH AND ATTACK--THE RETREAT
TO THE STOCKADE--THE SIEGE--THIRST--THE ALGONQUINS DESERT--FIVE
HUNDRED IROQUOIS ALLIES ARRIVE--THE TERRIBLE ATTACK AND RESISTANCE--A
GLORIOUS DEFEAT--RADISSON'S ACCOUNT--THE INVENTORY OF DOLLARD--UNPAID
BILLS--THE NAMES OF THE "COMPANIONS"--NEW FRANCE SAVED--A CONVOY OF
BEAVER SKINS REACHES MONTREAL--A REINFORCEMENT OF TROOPS FROM FRANCE
ASKED FOR TO WIPE OUT THE IROQUOIS 163

CHAPTER XIV

1661-1662

HOSTILITIES AND LOSSES

MONTREAL THE THEATRE OF IROQUOIS CARNAGE--THE FIRST SULPICIAN
SLAUGHTERED, M. LE MAITRE--THE SECOND, M. VIGNAL--THE FIRST VISIT OF
LAVAL TO MONTREAL--THE ABBE DE QUEYLUS AGAIN APPEARS--ECCLESIASTICAL
DISPUTES LEGAL, NOT PERSONAL--THE DEATH OF LAMBERT CLOSSE--THE
EXPLOIT OF PICOTE DE BELESTRE--MAISONNEUVE'S ORDINANCE AGAINST SALE
OF LIQUOR TO INDIANS--INDIAN ORGIES AND BLOODSHED--THE GOVERNOR
GENERAL AT QUEBEC DISAPPROVES OF MAISONNEUVE'S ACTION--THE FAMOUS
LIQUOR TRAFFIC DISPUTES--JEANNE MANCE LEAVES FOR FRANCE 173

CHAPTER XV

1663-1664

THE SOVEREIGN COUNCIL AND THE SEIGNEURS OF THE ISLAND

GREAT CHANGES, PHYSICAL AND POLITICAL

MILITIA SQUADS ESTABLISHED--THE FORMATION OF THE CONFRATERNITY OF
THE HOLY FAMILY--THE EARTHQUAKE AT MONTREAL--POLITICAL CHANGES--THE
RESIGNATION OF THE COMPANY OF ONE HUNDRED ASSOCIATES--CANADA BECOMES
A CROWN COLONY--THE TRANSFER OF THE SEIGNEURY OF THE ISLAND FROM
THE COMPANY OF MONTREAL TO THE "GENTLEMEN OF THE SEMINARY"--ROYAL
GOVERNMENT--THE APPOINTMENT OF THE SOVEREIGN COUNCIL--CHANGE
IN THE MONTREAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM--FORMER HOME RULE PRIVILEGES
RESCINDED--MONTREAL UNDER QUEBEC--PIERRE BOUCHER'S DESCRIPTION
OF CANADA AND MONTREAL--SOCIAL LIFE OF THE PERIOD--MONTREAL
SOLDIERY--THE ELECTION OF POLICE JUDGES--ATTEMPT TO SUPPLANT
MAISONNEUVE AS LOCAL GOVERNOR--DISCORD IN THE SOVEREIGN COUNCIL 181

CHAPTER XVI

1665

THE RECALL OF DE MAISONNEUVE

THE GOVERNOR GENERAL DE COURCELLES AND THE INTENDANT TALON
ARRIVE--THE DUAL REIGN INHARMONIOUS--SIEUR DE TRACY,
LIEUTENANT GENERAL OF THE KING FOR NORTH AMERICA, ARRIVES--THE
CARIGNAN-SALLIERES REGIMENT--CAPTURE OF CHARLES LE MOYNE
BY IROQUOIS--BUILDING OF OUTLYING FORTS--PREPARATIONS FOR
WAR--THE DISMISSAL OF MAISONNEUVE--AN UNRECOGNIZED MAN--HIS
MONUMENT--MAISONNEUVE IN PARIS--A TRUE CANADIAN 191

CHAPTER XVII

1666-1670

THE SUBDUAL OF THE IROQUOIS

THE END OF THE HEROIC AGE

PRIMITIVE EXPEDITIONS UNDER DE COURCELLES, SOREL AND DE TRACY--THE
ROYAL TROOPS AND THE MONTREAL "BLUE COATS"--DOLLIER DE CASSON, THE
SOLDIER CHAPLAIN--THE VICTORY OVER THE IROQUOIS--THE HOTEL-DIEU AT
MONTREAL RECEIVES THE SICK AND WOUNDED--THE CONFIRMATION OF THE
GENTLEMEN OF THE SEMINARY AS SEIGNEURS--THE LIEUTENANT GENERAL AND
INTENDANT IN MONTREAL--THE "DIME"--THE CENSUS OF 1667--MORE CLERGY
NEEDED--THE ABBE DE QUEYLUS RETURNS, WELCOMED BY LAVAL AND MADE
VICAR GENERAL--REINFORCEMENT OF SULPICIANS--THEIR FIRST MISSION AT
KENTE--THE RETURN OF THE RECOLLECTS--THE ARRIVAL OF PERROT AS LOCAL
GOVERNOR OF MONTREAL 195

CHAPTER XVIII

1671-1672

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM ESTABLISHED

THE SEIGNEURS OF THE MONTREAL DISTRICT

SUBURBAN GROWTH--THE EARLIEST OUTLYING FIEFS--PRAEDIA
MILITARIA--MILITARY SEIGNEURIES OF THE MONTREAL DISTRICT--THE FEUDAL
SYSTEM--THE "NOBLESSE"--THE "PARISHES"--"CENS ET RENTES"--"LODS
ET VENTES"--TRIBUTE TO THE FEUDALISM OF THE CLERICAL "SEIGNEURS
OF MONTREAL"--MUNICIPAL OFFICERS--ORDER IN PROCESSIONS--THE
CHURCH WARDENS--THE SOLDIER COLONISTS--CATTLE BREEDING, HORSES,
ASSES--AGRICULTURE--NEW CONCESSIONS--LAWS REGULATING OPENING UP THE
LAND--FIRST PUBLIC ROADS AND BRIDGES AT MONTREAL--NOTE: FORTS AND
REDOUBTS 203

CHAPTER XIX

1666-1672

ECONOMICAL PROGRESS

INDUSTRIES, TRADE AND LABOUR

COMMERCE--MINING--SHIP BUILDING--INDUSTRIES--A "MUNICIPAL"
BREWERY--THE FIRST MARKET--PRICES--LABOUR--MEDICAL MEN 213

CHAPTER XX

1666-1672

COLONIZATION AND POPULATION

ENCOURAGEMENT OF MARRIAGE--BACHELORS TAXED--"FILLES DU
ROI"--DOWRIES--PENSIONS FOR LARGE FAMILIES--MONTREAL HEALTHY FOR
WOMEN--NOTE ON IMMIGRATION 215

CHAPTER XXI

1667-1672

EXPEDITIONS FROM MONTREAL

LA SALLE--DOLLIER DE CASSON--DE COURCELLES

A FEUDAL VILLAGE AND ITS YOUNG SEIGNEUR--LA SALLE'S JESUIT
TRAINING--AN EX-JESUIT--THE SEIGNEURY OF ST. SULPICE--SOLD--THE FEVER
FOR EXPLORATION--LA SALLE, DOLLIER DE CASSON AND GALINEE--SOLDIER
OUTRAGES ON INDIANS--THE EXPEDITION TO LAKES ERIE AND ONTARIO--LA
SALLE RETURNS--HIS SEIGNEURY NICKNAMED "LA CHINE"--THE SULPICIANS
TAKE POSSESSION OF LAKE ERIE FOR LOUIS XIV--RETURN TO MONTREAL--DE
GALINEE'S MAP--THE SUBSEQUENT EXPEDITION OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL, DE
COURCELLES 221

CHAPTER XXII

1667-1672

EDUCATION

AT QUEBEC: JACQUES LEBER, JEANNE LEBER, CHARLES LE MOYNE (OF
LONGUEUIL), LOUIS PRUDHOMME--MARGUERITE BOURGEOYS' SCHOOL AT
MONTREAL--"GALLICIZING" INDIAN CHILDREN--GANNENSAGONAS--THE
SULPICIANS AT GENTILLY--THE JESUITS AT MADELEINE LA PRAIRIE 229

CHAPTER XXIII

1666-1672

GARRISON LIFE--SLACKENING MORALS

SIEUR DE LA FREDIERE--LIQUOR TRAFFIC WITH THE INDIANS--SOLDIERS
MURDER INDIANS--THE CARION-DE LORMEAU DUEL--THE FIRST BALL IN
CANADA--LARCENIES, ETC.--A CORNER IN WHEAT--THE "VOLUNTAIRES," OR
DAY LABOURERS--THE TAVERNS--A POLICE RAID--"HOTEL" LIFE--BLASPHEMY
PUNISHED--THE LORDS' VINEYARDS RUINED 233

CHAPTER XXIV

1671-1673

NOTABLE LOSSES

DE QUEYLUS FINALLY LEAVES VILLE MARIE--DE COURCELLES AND TALON
RECALLED--TRIBUTE TO THEIR ADMINISTRATION--MGR. DE LAVAL
ABSENT FOR THREE YEARS--THREE DEATHS--MADAME DE PELTRIE--MARIE
L'INCARNATION--JEANNE MANGE--HER LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT 239

CHAPTER XXV

1672-1675

TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

THE FOUNDATION OF THE PARISH CHURCH AND BON SECOURS CHAPEL

THE FIRST STREET SURVEY--"LOW" TOWN AND "UPPER" TOWN--THE ORIGIN
OF THE NAMES OF THE STREETS--COMPLAINTS AGAINST CITIZENS STILL
CULTIVATING THE STREETS--ORDERS TO BEGIN BUILDING--THE NEW PARISH
CHURCH--THE FOUNDATION STONES AND PLAQUES--THE DEMOLITION OF THE FORT
FORBIDDEN--THE CHURCH OF BON SECOURS--THE POWDER MAGAZINE IN ITS
GARRET--A PICTURE OF MONTREAL 241