Chapter XII

GRECIAN LITERATURE AND ART, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE PERSIAN
TO THE CLOSE OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WARS (B.C. 500-403).

LITERATURE.

Introductory.
The Era of Athenian Greatness.--SYMONDS.

I. Lyric Poetry.
Simonides.--"Lamentation of Dan'a-ë."--MAHAFFY.
Pindar.--"Threnos."--THIRLWALL: PRIOR: SYMONDS: GRAY:
POPE: HORACE.

II. The Drama.--BULWER.
1. Tragedy.--Melpom'ene.--AKENSIDE.
Æschylus.--"Death of Agamemnon."--PLUMPTRE: LAWRENCE:
VAN SCHLEGEL: BYRON: MAHAFFY.
Sophocles.--OEd'ipus Tyran'nus."--TALFOURD: PHRYN'ICHUS:
SIM'MIAS.
Euripides.--"Alcestis Preparing for Death."--SYMONDS:
MILTON: MAHAFFY.
The Transitions of Tragedy.--GROTE.
2. Comedy.
Characterization of.
Aristophanes.--Extracts from "The Cloud." "Choral Song from
The Birds."--PLATO: GROTE: SEWELL: MILTON: RUSKIN.

III. History.
Hecatæ'ns.--MAHAFFY: NIEBUHR.
Herodotus.--"Introduction to History."--LAWRENCE.
Herodotus and his Writings.--MACAULAY.
Thucyd'i-des.--MAHAFFY.
Thucydides and Herodotus.--BROWNE.

IV. Philosophy.
Anaxag'oras: his Death.--WILLIAM CANTON.
The Sophists.--MAHAFFY.
Socrates.--"Defence of Socrates."--"Socrates' Views of
a Future State."--MAHAFFY: THOMSON: SMITH: TYLER: GROTE.

ART.

I. Sculpture and Painting.
Phid'ias.--LÜBKE: GILLIES: LÜBKE.
Polygno'tus.--Apollodo'rus.--Zeux'is.--Parrha'sius.
--Timan'thes.
Parrhasius and his Captive.--SENECA: WILLIS.

II. Architecture.
Introductory.--THOMSON.
The Adornment of Athens.--BULWER.
I. The Acrop'olis and its Splendors.
The Parthenon.--HEMANS.
II. Other Architectural Monuments of Athens.
The Temple of The'seus.--HAYGARTH.
Athenian Enthusiasm for Art.--BULWER.
The Glory of Athens.--TALFOURD.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE SPARTAN AND THEBAN SUPREMACIES.

I. The Expedition of Cyrus, and the Retreat of the Ten
Thousand.--THOMSON: CURTIUS.

II. The Supremacy of Sparta.

III. The Rise and Fall of Thebes.
Pelop'idas and Epaminon'das.--THOMSON: CURTIUS.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE SICILIAN GREEKS.

The Founding of Ætna.--PINDAR.
Hi'ero's Victory at Cu'mæ.--PINDAR.
Admonitions to Hiero.--PINDAR.
Dionysius the Elder.--PLUTARCH.
Damon and Pythias.--The Hostage.--SCHILLER.
Archime'des.--SCHILLER
Visit of Cicero to the Grave of Archimedes.--WINTHROP.

CHAPTER XV.

THE MACEDONIAN SUPREMACY.

I. The Sacred War.--THIRLWALL.

II. Sketch of Macedonia.

III. Interference of Philip of Macedon.
Demosthenes.--"The First Philippic."--GROTE.
Pho'cion.--His Influence at Athens.--GROTE.

IV. War with Macedon.

V. Accession of Alexander the Great.

VI. Alexander Invades Asia.

VII. The Battle of Arbe'la.--Flight and Death of Dari'us.--
GROTE: ÆS'CHINES.
Alexander's Feast at Persep'olis.--DRYDEN.

VI. The Death of Alexander.
His Career and his Character.--LU'CAN.
Reflections on his Life, etc.--JUVENAL: BYRON.

CHAPTER XVI.

FROM THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE BY THE ROMANS.

I. A Retrospective Glance at Greece.
Oration of Æschines against Ctes'iphon.
Oration of Demosthenes on the Crown.

II. The Wars that followed Alexander's Death.
Character of Ptolemy Philadelphus--THEOC'RITUS.

III. The Celtic Invasion, and the War with Pyrrhus.
Queen Archidami'a.--ANON.

IV. The Achæ'an League.--Philip V. of Macedon.
Epigrams on Philip and the Macedonians.--Alcoe'us.

V. Greece Conquered by Rome.
"The Liberty of Greece."--WORDSWORTH.
Desolation of Corinth.--ANTIPATER.
Last Struggles of Greece.--THIRLWALL: HORACE.