Chapter XXVI: Appendix: E

Sonata Op. 31, No. 3 by Beethoven

Analysis by ARTHUR E. HEACOX, Oberlin Conservatory of Music

First Subject 17 measures, E[flat] major, as follows: 8 meas.
presentation, one meas. link, 8 meas. repetition oct. higher.
Rhythmic elements are A, B, C, all presented in first 8 meas.

[Transcriber's Note: The analysis is presented as notations on the musical score of the sonata. Please see the HTML version of this e-text to view the score with the notations and to listen to a MIDI version.]

INDEX

eh = a as in face; ah = a as in far; ch = ch as in chair; final eh = e as in met.

A (_ah_), 95

A battuta (_ah-baht-too'-tah_), 95

A capella (_cah-pel'-lah_), 76

A capriccio (_cah-pritch'-eo_), 54

Accelerando (_aht-cheh-leh-rahn'-do_), 54

Accented tones, 20

Accent marks, 20

Accent in measures, 44

Acciaccatura (_aht-cheea-cah-too'-ra_), 25, 26

Accidentals, 9

Accompagnamento (_ahc-com-pahn-yah-men'-to_), 95

Acoustics (_ah-kow'-stics_), def., 131
of auditoriums, 133

Adagietto (_ah-dah-jee-et'-to_), 50

Adagio (_ah-dah'-jee-o_), 50

À deux mains (_doo-mahng_), 42

Ad libitum, 54

Affrettando (_ahf-fret-tahn'-do_), 54

Agitato (_ah-jee-tah'-to_), 55

Agréments (_ah-greh-mahng_), 22

À la or alla (_ahl'-lah_), 42

Alla breve (_breh'-veh_), 95

Alla marcia (_mar'-chee-ah_), 95

Allargando (_ahl-lahr-gahn'-do_), 53

Alla zingara (_tseen-gah'-rah_), 95

Allegretto (_ahl-leh-gret'-to_), 51

Allegrissimo, 52

Allegro (_ahl-leh'-gro_), 50

Allegro agitato (_ah-jee-tah'-to_), 52

Allegro appassionata (_-ah'-tah_), 52

Allegro assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 52

Allegro commodo (_kom-mo'-do_), 52

Allegro con brio (_bree'-o_), 52

Allegro con fuoco (_foo-o'-ko_), 53

Allegro con moto (_mo'-to_), 53

Allegro con spirito (_spee'-ree-to_), 53

Allegro di bravura (_dee brah-voo'-rah_), 53

Allegro di molto (_mohl'-to_), 53

Allegro furioso (_foo-ree-o'-so_), 53

Allegro giusto (_jew-sto_), 53

Allegro ma grazioso (_mah grah-tsi-o'-so_), 53

Allegro (ma) non tanto (_tahn'-to_), 53

Allegro (ma) non troppo (_trop'-po_), 53

Allegro moderato (_mod-e-rah'-to_), 53

Allegro quasi andante (_quah-see ahn-dahn'-teh_), 53

Allegro vivace (_vee-vah'-cheh_), 53

Allemande (_al-mahnd_), 71

All'unisono (_oo-nee-so'-no_), 95

All'ottava (_ot-tah'-vah_), 15

Alt (_ahlt_), 95

Alto (_ahl-to_), 95

A mezza voce (_met'-zah-vo'-cheh_), 42

Amore (_ah-mo'-reh_), 42, 59

Andante (_ahn-dahn'-teh_), 50

Andante affettuoso (_ahf-fet-too-o'-so_), 52

Andante amabile (_ah-mah'-bee-leh_), 52

Andante cantabile (_cahn-tah'-bee-leh_), 52

Andante con moto (_mo'-to_), 52

Andante grazioso (_grah-tsi-o'-so_), 52

Andante maestoso (_mah-es-to'-so_), 52

Andante (ma) non troppo (_mah non trop'-po_), 52

Andante pastorale (_pahs-to-rah'-leh_), 52

Andante quasi allegro (_quah-see ahl-leh'-gro_), 52

Andante sostenuto (_sos-teh-noo'-to_), 52

Animando (_ah-nee-mahn'-do_), 55

Animato (_ah-nee-mah'-to_), 55

Animato come sopra (_co-meh so'-prah_), 55

Andantino (_ahn-dahn-tee'-no_), 50

Antecedent, 67

Anthem, 76

Anticipation, 93

Antiphony (_an-tif'-o-ny_), 95

Antithesis (_an-tith'-_), 67

A piacere (_pee-ah-cheh'-reh_), 54

Appoggiatura (_ap-pod-jea-too'-rah_), def., 25

À quatre mains (_kahtr-mahng_), 95

Arabesque, 95

Aria (_ah'-ree-ah_), 79

Arioso (_ah-ree-o'-so_), 95

Arpeggiando (_ar-ped-jee-ahn'-do_), 21

Arpeggiato (_-ah'-to_), 21

Arpeggiento (_-en'-to_), 21

Arpeggio (_ar-ped'-jee-o_), 21

Art-ballad, 80

Assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 42

A tempo, 54

A tempo primo (_pree'-mo_), 54

A tempo rubato (_roo-bah'-to_), 54

Attacca (_aht-tah'-kah_), 95

Attacca subito (_soo'-bee-to_), 95

Attacca subito il seguente (_eel seg-wen'-teh_), 95

Attack, 95

Bagpipe, 95

Ballad, 80

Band, 115

Bar, def. and use, 12
double, 12

Barcarole (_bar'-cah-rohl_), 95

Baritone, 95

Bass, 95

Bass clarinet, 121

Basso (_bahs'-so_), 95

Bassoon, 121

Bass staff, 6

Bass tuba, 125

Bass viol, 118

Ben (_behn_), 42

Ben marcato (_mahr-kah'-to_), 42

Berceuse (_behr-soos'_), 95

Binary form, 95

Binary measure, 95

Bis (_bees_), 96

Bolero (_bo-leh'-ro_), 71

Bourrée (_boo-reh'_), 71

Brace, 96

Brass instruments, 116

Brillante (_breel-ahn'-teh_), 55

Broken chord, 96

Broken octave, 96

Cacophony (_kak-of'-o-ny_), 96

Cadence, 89

Cadenza, 96

Calando (_kah-lahn'-do_), 59

Cancel, 3, 8

Cantabile (_kahn-tah'-bee-leh_), 96

Cantando (_kakn-tahn'-do_), 96

Canto (_kahn'-to_), 96

Cantus firmus, 64

Canon, 64

Cantata (_kahn-tah'-tah_), 77

Carol, 96

Catch, 96

C clef 3, 6

Cello (_chel'-lo_), 118

Chaconne (_shah-con'_), 71

Chamber music, 72

Chanterelle (_shong-tah-rel'_), 117

Chinese scale, 27

Choral, 76

Chords def. and lands, 87
inversions of, 88
common, 87
seventh, 89
dominant seventh, 92

Chromatic, 96

Chromatic scale, 38

Clarinet, 121

Classes of instruments in orchestra, 115

Clavichord, 96

Clefs, 3, 5

Close position, 94

Coda, 70

Coi (_co'-ee_), 42

Col, 42

Colla, 42

Colla parte (_par'-teh_), 96

Colla voce (_vo'-cheh_), 96

Colle, 42

Collo, 42

Coloratura singing, 79, 96

Coll'ottava (_ot-tah'-vah_), 15

Combination pedals, 115

Come (_koh'-meh_), 42

Come primo (_pree'-mo_), 42

Common chords, 87

Compound measure, 45

Compound duple measure, 45

Con, 42

Con alcuna licenza (_ahl-koo'-nah lee-chen'-tsah_), 59

Con amore (_ah-mo'-reh_), 42, 59

Con anima (_ah'-nee-mah_), 55

Con bravura (_brah-voo'-rah_), 59

Con celerita (_che-leh'-ree-tah_), 59

Concerto (_con-cher'-to_), 72

Concert pitch, 138

Con delicato (_deh-lee-cah'-to_), 59

Con energico (_en-er-jee'-ko_), 59

Con espressione (_es-pres-see-o'-neh_), 59

Con forza (_fort'-za_), 60

Con fuoco (_foo-o'-ko_), 60

Con grand' espressione (_grahnd' es-pres-see-o'-neh_), 60

Con grazia (_grahts-yah_), 60

Con melinconia (or malinconia) (_-leen-ko'-ne-eh_), 60

Con moto, 55

Con passione (_pas-se-o'-neh_), 60

Consequent, 67

Consonance, 96

Con spirito (_spe'-ree-to_), 60

Con tenerezza (_teh-neh-ret'-za_), 60

Continuous form, 80

Contra, 42

Contra bass tuba, 126

Contra octave, 16

Contralto, 96

Con variazione (_vah-ri-ah-tsi-o'-neh_), 96

Cornet, 124

Counterpoint, def., 64, 62, 82

Courante (_koo-rahnt'_), 71

Crescendo (_kre-shen'-do_), 57

Crescendo al fortissimo, 58

Crescendo ed affrettando (_ahf-fret-tahn'-do_), 58

Crescendo ed animando poco a poco (_ah-ni-mahn'-do_), 58

Crescendo e diminuendo (_eh de-me-noo-en'-do_), 58

Crescendo molto (_mohl'-to_), 58

Crescendo poco a poco, 58

Crescendo poco a poco sin al fine (_seen ahl fee'-neh_), 58

Crescendo poi diminuendo (_po'-ee dee-mee-noo-en'-do_), 58

Crescendo subito (_soo'-bee-to_), 58

Cross-stroke, 1, 2

Csardas (_tsar'-dahs_), 71

Da (_dah_), 42

Da capo (_kah'-po_), 13

Dal segno (_sehn'-yo_), 13

Dances, 71

Dash over note, 17, 20

Decrescendo (_deh-kreh-shen'-do_), 58

Decrescendo al pianissimo (_ahl pee-ahn-is'-si-mo_), 58

Degrees of staff, 5

Delicato (_deh-lee-kah'-to_), 60

Descriptive music, 74

Di (_dee_), 42

Diatonic condition, 7

Diatonic scale, 28

Di bravura (_brah-voo'-rah_), 42

Diminuendo (_dee-mee-noo-en'-do_), 58

Di molto (_mohl'-to_), 42

Direct, 96

Dirge, 97

Discord, 97

Dissonance (_dis'_), 97

Divisi (_di-ve'-ze_), 97

Dolce (_dohl'-cheh_), 60

Dolce e cantabile (_eh kahn-tah'-bee-leh_), 60

Dolcissimo (_dohl-chis'-see-mo_), 60

Dolente (_do-len'-teh_), 60

Dominant, 36

Dominant Seventh, 92

Doloroso (_do-lo-ro'-so_), 60

Doppio (_dop'-pee-o_), 42

Doppio movimento (_mo-vi-men'-to_), 55

Dot--where placed, 3
uses of, 17
with slur or tie, 20
with dash, 20

Double bar, 12

Double bass, 118

Double bassoon, 121

Double flat, 3, 7

Double mordent, 23

Double sharp, 3, 7

Doublet, 20

Duet, 97

Duple measure, 46

Dynamics, 56

E (_eh_), 42

École (_eh'-kole_), 97

Ed, 42

Eight-foot stop, 114

Elements of music, 82

Embellishments, 22

English names for notes, 11

English horn, 121

Enharmonic, def., 10

Enharmonic scale, 32

Enharmonic tie, 18

Ensemble (_ong-sombl_), 42

Equal temperament, 137

E poi la coda (_eh-po'-ee_), 14

Espressivo (_ehs-pres-see'-vo_), 60

Et, 42

Etto, 42

Etude, 97

Euphony (_yu'-fo-ny_), 97

Even measure, 46

Facile (_fah-chee'-leh_), 97

Fanfare (_fahn'-fehr_), 97

Fantasia (_fahn-tah-ze'-ah_), 97

F Clef, 3, 5, 6

Fermata (_fehr-mah'-ta_), 14, 15

Fiasco (_fe-ahs'-ko_), 97

Figured bass, 89

Fine (_fee'-neh_), 13

Five-lined octave, 16

Flat, 3, 7

Flute, 119

Folk-song, 81

Form, def., 62
binary, 95

Forte (_for'-teh_), 56

Forte piano (_pee-ah'-no_), 56

Forte possibile (_pos-see'-bee-leh_), 43

Fortissimo, 56

Fortissimo possibile (_pos-see-bee-leh_), 56

Fortisissimo, 56

Forzando (_for-tsahn'-do_), 57

Forzato (_for-tsah'-to_), 57

Four-foot stop, 114

Four-lined octave, 16

Free imitation, 64

French horn, 123

French pitch designations, 6

Fugue, 66

Fundamental, 135

Gamut (_gam'-ut_), 97

Gavotte (_gah-vot'_), 71

G Clef, 3, 5, 6

General pause, 15

German pitch designation, 6

Gigue (_zheeg_), 71

Giocoso (_jee-o-ko'-so_), 60

Giojoso (_jee-o-yo'-so_), 60

Glee, 81

Glissando (_glis-sahn'-do_), 97

Graces, 22

Grandioso (_grahn-dee-o'-so_), 60

Grand sonata, 74

Grave (_grah'-veh_), 50

Grazioso (_grah-tsi-o'-so_), 60

Great octave, 16

Great staff, 5

Grosse pause (_gros-seh pah-oo'-za_) or (_gros-seh pow-zeh_), 15

Gruppetto (_groo-pet'-to_), 22

Habanera (_hah-bah-neh'-rah_), 71

Half-step, 83

Harmonic minor scale, 33

Harmonics, 136

Harmonics on violin, 117

Harmony, 82

Harp, 129

Harpsichord, 97

Head of note, 1

Hold, 15

Homophonic style, 63

Hook, 1

Humoresque (_hoo-mo-resk'_), 97

Hymn to St. John, 37

Idyl, 97

Il (_eel_), 42

Il basso (_bahs'-so_), 42

Il più (_pee'-oo_), 42

Il più forte possibile (_pos-see'-bee-leh_), 42

Imitation, 64

Imperfect trill, 23

In alt (_in ahlt_), 97

In altissimo (_ahl-tis'-si-mo_), 97

Ino (_ee'-no_), 42

Instrumentation, 97

Instruments, classification of, 112

Intensity of tones, 135

Interlude, 97

Intermediate tones, 38
see "Chromatic," p. 96

International pitch, 138

Interval, def., 83
enharmonic, 10
harmonic, 83
melodic, 83
names of, 83

Inversion, in thematic development, 69

Inversions of chords, 88

Inverted mordent, 23

Inverted turn, 25

Issimo, 42

Kettle-drum, 126

Key, def., 28
signature, 8
enharmonic keys, 10
key-tone, 27, 28
how different from scale, 28

L, 42

La (_lah_), 42

Lacrimando (_lah-kri-mahn'-do_), 60

Lacrimoso (_lah-kri-mo'-so_), 60

Largamente (_lar-gah-men'-teh_), 42

Largando (_lar-gahn'-do_), 53

Larghetto (_lar-get'-to_), 50

Largo, 50

Largo assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 52

Largo di molto (_de mohl'-to_), 52

Largo ma non troppo (_mah non trop'-po_), 52

Largo un poco (_oon po'-co_), 52

Le (_leh_), 42

Leading tone, 33, 36

Legato (_leh-gah'-to_), 18, 60

Leger lines, 5

Leggierissimo (_led-jah-ris'-si-mo_), 60

Leggiero (_led-jee'-ro_), 60

Lentando (_len-tahn'-do_), 52

Lentemente (_len-tah-men'-teh_), 52

Lentissimamente (_-men'-teh_), 52

Lentissamente (_-men'-teh_), 52

Lento, 50

Lento a capriccio (_ah-cah-preet'-chee-o_), 52

Lento assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 52

Lento di molto (_de mohl'-to_), 52

Libretto (_lee-bret'-to_), 78

Lied (_leed_), 80

L'istesso tempo (_lis-tes'-so_), 42, 55

Loco, 15, 97

Long appoggiatura (_ap-pod-jea-too'-rah_), 25

Lower tetrachord, 29

Lunga pausa (_loong-ah pow'-zeh_) or (_loon-gah pah-oo'-za_), 15

Lunga trillo, 97

Lusingando (_loos-in-gahn'-do_), 60

Lyric, 98

Madrigal (_mad'-ri-gal_), 81

Maesta (_mah'-es-tah_), 60

Maestoso (_mah-es-to'-so_), 60

Maggiore (_mahd-jo'-reh_), 98

Main droite (_mahng droa_), 20

Main gauche (_mahng gowsh_), 20

Major key, 8

Major scale, def., 29
positions, 30
origin of name, 33

Mancando (_mahn-kahn'-do_), 59

Mano destra (_mah'-no dehs'-trah_), 20

Mano sinistra (_si-nees'-trah_), 20

Marcato il canto (_mar-kah'-to eel kahn'-to_), 98

Martellando (_mar-tel-lahn'-do_), 59

Martellato (_mar-tel-lah'-to_), 59

Marziale (_mart-se-ah'-leh_), 59

Mass, 77

Mazurka (_mah-zoor'-ka_), 71

Measure, def., 44
how differs from "bar," 12
how differs from "rhythm," 44
syncopation in, 44
simple and compound, 45
duple or even, 46
triple or perfect, 46
quadruple, 46
sextuple, 46
compound duple, 46
signature, 48
binary, 95

Mediant, 36

Mellifluous (_mel-lif'-loo-us_), 98

Melodic minor scales, 34

Melody, 82

Melos (_meh'-los_), 98

Meno (_meh'-no_), 42

Meno mosso (_mos'-so_), 53

Mente (_men'-teh_), 42

Menuet (_meh-noo-eh'_), 98

Menuetto (_meh-noo-et'-to_), 98

Messa di voce (_mes'-sa dee vo'-cheh_), 21

Mesto (_mehs'-to_), 60

Metronome, 49

Mezza (_med'-zah_), 42

Mezzo (_med'-zo_), 42

Mezzo forte (_for'-teh_), 42, 56

Mezzo piano (_pe-ah'-no_), 56

Mezzo soprano (_so-prah'-no_), 98

Mezzo voce (_vo'-cheh_), 60

Minor key, 8

Minore (_me-no'-reh_), 98

Minor scale, def., 33
positions, 34

Minuet, 71

Misterioso (_mis-teh-ri-o'-so_), 60

Moderato (_mod-e-rah'-to_), 51

Modulation, def., 92
enharmonic, 10

Molto (_mohl'-to_), 42

Molto crescendo (_kre-shen'-do_), 42

Monophonic style, 63, 67

Mordent, 22, 23

Morendo (_mo-ren'-do_), 59

Moriente (_mo-ri-en'-teh_), 59

Motet (_mo-tet'_), 76

Movable C Clef, 6

Mute, 117

Natural, 3, 8

Natural condition of staff-degrees, 8

Nel, 42

Nel battere (_baht-teh'-reh_), 42

Nella, 42

Neumae (_neoo'-mee_), 104

Nocturne, 98

Non (_non_), 42

Non tanto (_tahn'-to_), 42

Non tanto allegro (_ahl-leh'-gro_), 53

Non troppo allegro (_trop'-po_), 53

Notation, history of music, 101

Notes, def., 10
kinds of, 11
English names for, 11
dotted, 17
staccato, 17
irregular note-groups, 19
parts of, 1
how made, 1

Nuance (_noo-angs_), 98

Obbligato (_ob-blee-gah'-to_), 98

Oboe (_o'-bo_), 121

Octave, def., 36

Octaves, names of, 16

Offertory, 98

One-lined octave, 16

Open position, 94

Opera, 78

Opus, 98

Oratorio, 77

Orchestra, 115

Orchestration, 98

Organ, reed, 113
pipe, 114
point, 98

Original minor scale, 33

Origin of scale, 28

Ossia (_os'-see-ah_), 42, 98

Ossia più facile (_pe-oo' fah-chee'-leh_), 42

Overtones, 136

Overture, 98

Parlando (_par-lahn'-do_), 60

Part song, 81

Pastorale (_pas-to-rah'-leh_), 60

Pedal point, 93

Pentatonic scale, 27

Per (_pehr_), 42

Percussion instruments, 116

Perdendo (_pehr-den'-do_), 59

Perdendosi (_pehr-den-do'-see_), 59

Perfect measure, 46

Perfect trill, 23

Per il violino (_eel ve-o-le'-no_), 42

Period, 67

Pesante (_peh-sahn'-teh_), 55

Peu (_peuh_), 42

Phrase, 67

Phrase mark, 18

Pianissimo (_pee-ahn-is'-si-mo_), 56

Pianissimo possibile (_pos-see'-bee'-leh_), 56

Pianisissimo (_pee-ahn-is-is'-si-mo_), 56

Piano (_pee-ah'-no_), 56

Piano assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 56

Piano, description of, 112

Piccolo (_pik'-ko-lo_), 119

Pipe organ, 114

Pitch, def., 134
pitch names, 6
standards of, 137
concert pitch, 138
international pitch, 138

Più (_pe-oo'_), 42

Più allegro (_ahl-leh'-gro_), 54

Più forte (for'-teh), 42

Più lento, 53

Più mosso (_mos'-so_), 54

Più tosto (_tos'-to_), 54

Pizzicato (_pits-e-kah'-to_), 99, 117

Pochetto (_po-ket'-to_), see ino, 42

Poco, 43

Poco a poco animando (_ah-nee-mahn'-do_), 54

Poi (_po' ee_), 42

Polacca (_po-lahk'-kah_), 99

Polka, 69

Polonaise (_pol-o-nez'_), 71, 99

Polyphonic style, 64

Pomposo (_pom-po'-so_), 60

Portamento (_por'-tah-men'-to_), 20

Position, open and close, 94

Possibile (_pos-see'-bee-leh_), 43

Postlude, 99

Prall trill, 22

Precipitoso (_preh-che-pi-to'-so_), 60

Prelude, 99

Prestissimo (_pres-tis'-see-mo_), 51

Prestissimo possibile (_pos-see'-bee-leh_), 51

Presto, 51

Presto assai (_ahs-sah'-ee_), 53

Presto (ma) non troppo (_mah non trop'-po_), 53

Prière (_pre-ehr'_), 99

Primary forms, 68

Primitive minor scale, 33

Program music, 74

Pure music, 74

Pure scale, 40

Quadruple measure, 46

Quality, 136

Quartet, 72

Quasi (_quah'-see_), 43

Quintole (_kwin'-to-leh_), 99

Quintolet, 20

Quintuplet, 20, 99

Raised sixth, 34

Rallentando (_rahl-len-tahn'-do_), 53

Rapidamente (_rah-pid-a-men'-teh_), 55

Rate of speed, of sound, 132

Recitative (_res-i-tah-teev'_), 78

Recitativo (_reh-chee-ta-tee'-vo_), 60

Reed organ, 113

Relative minor, 8, 35

Religioso (_reh-lee-jo'-so_), 99

Repetition and contrast, 62, 70

Requiem (_re'-kwi-em_), 99

Rests, def., 10
rules for making, 2
kinds of, 11
peculiar use of, 11
several measures of, 14

Retardation, 93

Rhapsody, 99

Rhythm, def., 82
element of music, 82
how differs from "measure," 44
correct use of word, 48

Rhythmic augmentation, 69

Rhythmic diminution, 69

Rhythmic figures, 44

Ribattuta (_re-baht-too'-tah_), 99

Rigaudon (_rig'-o-don_), 71

Rinforzando (_rin-for-tsahn'-do_), 57

Rinforzato (_rin-for-tsah'-to_), 57

Risoluto (_ree-so-loo'-to_), 60

Ritardando (_ree-tar-dahn'-do_), 53

Ritenente (_ree-ten-en'-teh_), 53

Ritenuto (_ree-ten-oo'-to_), 53

Ritornelle (_ree-tor-nell'_), 99

Ritornello (_ree-tor-nel'-lo_), 99

Rondo, 70, 71

Rules:
For writing music, 1, 2
For turning stems, 1, 2
For altered staff degrees, 10
For embellishments, 22-26
For repeats, 13, 14
For writing chromatic scale, 38

Sans (_sahng_), 43

Sans pedales (_peh-da-leh_), 43

Sarabande (_sar-ah-bahn'-deh_), 71

Sarrusophone (_sar-reoos-o-fohn'_), 123

Saxhorn, p. 125 (footnote)

Saxophone, 121

Scales, def., 27
origin, 28
how different from keys, 28
positions of:
major, 30
minor, 34
chromatic, 38
tones of, called, 5, 36, 37
Chinese, 27
Scotch, 27

Scherzando (_skehr-tsahn'-do_), 60

Scherzo (_skehr'-tso_), 71, 72

Scherzoso (_skehr-tzo'-so_), 60

School-round, 66

Schottische (_shot'-tish_), 99

Score, 99

Scotch scale, 27

Sec (_sek_), 99

Secco (_sek'-ko_), 99

Section, 67

Segue (_sehg'-weh_), 14

Semplice (_sem-plee'-cheh_), 60

Sempre (_sem'-preh_), 43

Sempre forte (_for'-teh_), 43

Sempre lento malinconico assai (_mah-leen-ko'-ni-ko ahs-sah'-ee_), 55

Sempre marcatissimo (_mar-kah-tis'-si-mo_), 60

Sentimento (_sen-tee-men'-to_), 60

Senza (_sen-tza_), 42

Senza accompagnamento (_ahc-com-pahn-yah-men'-toh_), 42

Senza repetizione (_reh-peh-titz-e-o'-neh_), 14, 99

Senza replica (_reh'-ple-kah_), 99

Septimole, 20

Septolet, 20

Sequence, 91

Serenade, 99

Serenata (_seh-re-nah'-tah_), 99

Seventh chord, 89

Sextet, 99

Sextolet, 20

Sextuple measure, 46

Sextuplet, 20, 100

Sforzando (_sfortz-ahn'-do_), 57

Sforzato (_sfortz-ah'-to_), 57

Shake, 22

Sharp, 3, 7

Short appoggiatura (_ap-pod-jea-too-rah_), 25

Simile (_see'-mee-leh_), 14, 100

Similiter (_see-mil'-i-ter_), 100

Simple measure, 45

Simple tone, 137

Sin (_seen_), 43

Sin al fine (_ahl-fee'-neh_), 14

Sino (_see'-no_), 43

Sixteen-foot stop, 114

Sixty-four-foot stop, 114

Slentando (_slen-tahn'-do_), 53

Slur, 18

Small octave, 16

Smorzando (_smor-tzahn'-do_), 59

Solenne (_so-len'-neh_), 59

Solfège (_sul-fezh'_), 100

Solfeggio (_sol-fed'-jo_), 100

Solmization, 100

Solo, 43

Sonata (_so-nah'-tah_), 71

Sonata allegro (_ahl-leh'-gro_), 73

Sonata form, 73

Sonatina (_so-na-tee'-nah_), 74

Song form, 68

Sopra (_so'-prah_), 100

Soprano (_so-prah'-no_), 100

Sordino (_sor-dee'-no_), 117

Sostenuto (_sos-teh-noo'-to_), 100

Sotto (_sot'-to_), 100

Sotto voce (_vo'-cheh_), 59

Sound, App. C, 131
Production of, 131
Transmission of, 131
Rate of travel of, 131
Intensification of, 133
Reflection of, 133
Classification of, 133

Spiritoso (_spee-ree-to'-so_), 60

Staccatissimo (_stahk-kah-tis'-si-mo_), 17

Staccato (_stahk-kah'-to_), 17, 20, 100

Staff, 5

Staff degrees, 5

Standards of pitch, 137

Stems, 1

Step, half and whole, 83

Strepitoso (_streh-pee-to'-so_), 61

Stretto (_stret'-to_), 54

Strict imitation, 64

Stringed instruments, 115

Stringendo (_strin-jen'-do_), 54

Stroking notes, 2

Strophe form (_stro'-feh_), 80

Styles, kinds of, 63
how differ from forms, 62

Sub, 43

Sub-dominant, 36

Subject, 64

Subito (_soo-bee'-to_), 100

Sub-mediant, 36

Sub-octave, 16

Suite (_sweet_), 70

Super-dominant, 36

Super-tonic, 36

Suspension, 92

Swell-box, 114

Syllables for sight-singing, 37

Symphonic poem, 75

Symphony, def., 73

Syncopation, 44

Tail of note, 1

Takt pausa (_tahkt pow'-zeh_ or _pah-oo'-za_), 11

Tanto (_tahn'-to_), 43

Tarantella (_tah-rahn-tel'-lah_), 71

Tempered scales, 137

Tempo, 48-50

Tempo commodo (_ko-mo'-do_), 55

Tempo di marcia (_de mar'-chee-ah_), 55

Tempo di menuetto (_meh-noo-et'-to_), 55

Tempo di valso (_vahl'-so_), 55

Tempo giusto (_jew-sto_), 54

Tempo ordinario (_or-dee-nah'-ree-o_), 55

Tempo primo (_pree'-mo_), 54

Tempo rubato (_roo-bah'-to_), 54

Tenor, 100

Tenuto (_teh-noo'-to_), 55, 100

Terminology Reforms, App. D., p. 139

Tetrachords in scales, 29

Thematic development, 69

Theme, 69

Theme and variations, 69

Thesis, 67

Thirty-two-foot stop, 114

Thorough-bass, 89

Three-lined octave, 16

Through-composed form, 80

Tie, 18

Timbre (_tambr_), 82

Time, wrong uses of word, 48

Toccata (_tok-kah'-tah_), 100

Tonality scale, 27, 28, 38

Tone, how represented, 10
ornamental tone, 22
key-tone, 27
of resolution, 93

Tone-poem, 75

Tonic, 36

Tonic minor, 36

Tranquillo (_trahn-quil'-lo_), 61

Transposition, 94

Tre (_treh_), 43

Treble staff, 6

Tre corde (_kor'-deh_), 43, 59

Très (_treh_), 43

Très lentement (_lahng-te-mahng_), 52

Très vivement (_ve'-veh-mahng_), 42

Triad, def., 87, 88

Trill, 22

Trio, 72

Triple measure, 46

Triplet, 19, 100

Tristamente (_tris-tah-men'-teh_), 61

Trombone, 125

Troppo (_trop'-po_), 43

Trumpet, 124

Tuba, 125

Turn, 24, 25

Tutte le corde (_toot'-teh leh kor'-deh_), 59

Tutti (_toot'-tee_), 100

Two-foot stop, 114

Two-lined octave, 16

Un (_oon_), 43

Una (_oo'-nah_), 43

Una corda, 43, 59

Uno (_oo'-no_), 43

Un peu (_oon peuh_), 43

Un peu crescendo (_kre-shen'-do_), 43

Un poco animate (_ah-ni-mah-'to_), 54

Untempered scale, 40

Upper partials, 136

Upper tetrachord, 29

Veloce (_veh-lo'-cheh_), 55

Viola (_vee-o'-lah_), 117

Violin, 117

Violoncello (_vee-o-lohn-chel'-lo_), 118

Vivo (_vee'-vo_), 51

Vivace (_vee-vah'-cheh_), 51

Vivacissimo (_vee-vah-chis'-see-mo_), 51

Vocal music, 76

Volante (_vo-lahn'-teh_), 55

Waltz, 68

Whole-step, 83

Whole-step scale, 28, 40

Wood-wind instruments, 115