Chapter XX: Part VI: Mussolini the “fascista Prime Minister” (6)

Bono, General Cesare de, xii, xiii, 309, 343

Bordiga, General, 105

Bourbons, 75, 351

Bourgeoisie, Fascismo and the, 165;
Risorgimento and, 50

Breitemburg, Count, 186

Brenner, the:
Battisti and, 74;
Bezzi and, 88;
Italy in possession of, 107;
as bulwark against Germany, 110;
Paduan valley and, 125;
as Italy’s northern boundary, 136;
defence of, 184;
Mussolini’s declaration to German deputies respecting, 188;
Versailles Treaty and, 293

Brest-Litowsk, Treaty of, 44

Brofferio, Angelo, 351–2

Brussels Conference, 1923, 214

Bucharest, Peace of, 44

Budapest, Danube Confederation and, 124;
peace of justice, and occupation of, 149, 172

Budget, Italian State, 215, 272–3;
Communal, 358

Bulgaria, 10, 125, 213;
reparations, 295, 299;
_coup d’état_ in, 345

Buozzi, 219

Burian, 20

Cables, conventions relative to, xviii

Cagliari, speech of 12th June 1923 at, 323

Canada, Commercial Treaty with, 214

Cannæ, 288

Capitulations, the, 241, 266

Caporetto, speech after, 30;
causes of disaster of, 32;
anti-war demonstrations after, 34;
national crisis following, 43;
German calculations after, 45;
Rapallo and, 126;
Pact of Rome and, 126;
Fascismo and, 135;
discipline of war and, 350

Carabineers, xvii, 359

Caradonna, 310

Carducci, 37

Carli, 99

Carso, 28;
Italian sentiment for the, 35;
Corridoni’s death, 48;
insurrection against Trieste on, 118;
commemoration ceremony, 120

Carthage, 177

Castelrosso, 280, 302

Castua, 278

Catholicism, Mussolini on, xii

Cattaneo, 53

Cavallotti, 351

Cavazzoni, 252

Caviglia, General, 129

Cavour, Camille, 311;
Crimean expedition and, 351

Ceccherini, Maj.-General, xii, 310

Central America, cable to, xviii

Central Empires, 9;
war desired by, 27, 72

Cervantes, 114

Cettinge, 190

Chamber of Deputies, Fascista Government and the, 313

Chiesa, 255

Child, Mr. Richard Washburn, speech at Rome by, 335

Chiusa di Verona, 185

Cicerin, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Russia, 44

Ciccotti, Ettore, on Italian Fascismo, ix

Cinque Giornate, 28;
speech before the
monument of, 58;
Austrian threat to city of, 135

Cipriani, Amilcare, 5

Civil Law Codes, reformation of, xvii

Class struggle, Mussolini on, 285

Clémenceau, 32, 40, 56;
on concessions in Asia Minor, 96

Clemente, Maj.-General Ozol, 310

Coalition Ministry, 221

Coliseum, 234

Colombino, 359

Colonna di Cesaro, 307

Columbus, Christopher, 50

Commerce, Chambers of, International Congress of, 274 _et seq._

Commercial Treaty:
with Switzerland, 212;
with Canada, 214;
with France, 265;
with Yugoslavia, 271, 282;
with Austria, 281

Committee of Understanding and Action, 93

Committee of Wounded and Disabled Soldiers, 51

Communes, Italian, ix

Communism, x, 116, 334

Comunale, Bologna, speech at the, 37

Constantine, King, 125

Constitution, the, and the Government, 361

_Contadini_, adherents of Fascismo, 316

Conti, Senator, 219

Continental alliance. _See under_ Alliance

Convention, of Washington, 243, 251;
for Italo-American cables, 245

_Corriere della Sera_, 163–4

Corridoni Club, 92

Corridoni, Filippo, 48, 59, 71, 88

Corsica, Italians of, 137

Corti, Major Luigi, murder of, 363

Cremona, speech at, 25th Sept. 1922, 158

Crespi, Senator, 161, 258

Crimea, expedition to the, 351

Crispi, Francesco, 108 n.

Cucco, 28

Cuno-Rosenberg Memorandum, 295

Curtatone, 289

Cyrus, 38

Czechoslovakia, Italy’s relations with, 213

Dabormida, General, 351

Dalmatia:
Rismondo on, 74;
National Vindications and, 89;
Italian minorities of, 96;
and the victory of Vittorio Veneto, 107;
Croats of, 118;
Treaty of Rapallo, 125, 262;
education of Italians of, 131;
care of Italian
residents, 132;
sufferings of Italians in, 136;
Italian unity and, 144;
betrayed, 171, 192;
Santa Margherita Agreements, 247, 256, 260–1

Dalmine, speech 20th March 1919 at, 63

Dante, 60, 77, 114, 133

D’Annunzio, 77, 114;
Mussolini at Fiume with, 103;
proclamation to the Croats, 104;
legionary occupation of Fiume, 119, 192;
the Fiume tragedy, 128–9, 141

Danube Confederation, 124

Danubian States, economic settlement of, 300

D’Aragona, Ludovico, 359

Dardanelles, 214, 241

Death duties, xvii

De Bono, Cesare. _See_ Bono, de, General Cesare

Debt, national, xviii;
Italian war, 259

Debt funding agreement, Anglo-American, 259, 296

Debts, inter-allied, and reparations, 294

Deffenu, 88

Del Croix, Carlo, 129

Delegation, Italian massacre of, at Janina, 363

Delta, the, 193, 262, 278

Democracy, meaning of, 36;
syndicalism and, 148;
Fascismo and, 167–8, 176;
and suffrage, 355

Democrats, 92

De Nicola, President of the Chamber, 362

Deutscher Verband, 185–7

_Deutschland über Alles_, 21

Diaz, General, 343

Dictatorship, proletariat and a, 349

Dinaric Alps, 120, 127

Diplomatic and consular services, 305

Dock-workers, Fascisti, 82

“Dolomites of Italian Thought,” the, 114

Dortmund, 235

Dumas, 353

Dunkirk, attack on, 19

Eastern Mediterranean. _See under_ Mediterranean

Economic policy, 274

Economy, Ministry of National, xvii

Edvige, xvi

Eight Hours Day Bill, xvii, 198, 354

Electoral Reform, xvii, 101, 165, 314, 347, 359–60, 362

Elementary schools, religious instruction in, xii

Emigration, 341

Employers and employed, co-operation between, 285

Eneo, 262

England, Russian expectation of financial aid from, 19;
Italian confidence in, 46;
D’Annunzio’s _coup_ at Fiume and, 104;
mandate in Palestine, 194–5;
continental alliance against, 231

Entente, the:
French and British soldiers at the Piave battle, 59;
Italy’s position and, 211–12;
the Ruhr advance and, 230;
Greco-Turkish affairs and, 254;
continued existence of, 259

Entente, Little, 124, 238, 240, 300, 345

d’Esperey, Franchet, 189

Esthonia, xviii, 283

Etna, eruption of, 331

Europe, economic system of, 275

Exchanges, European, 345

Ex-soldiers, blind, 277;
National Association of, 316

Facta, Signor, 165, 267

Fara, Gustavo, General, xii, 310

Farinacci, Roberto, 158

Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, 103, 328

Fascio of Fighters, 92;
demands of, 132

Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, x

Fascismo:
part of general historical development of nations, ix;
rise of, x;
and the Army, xii;
“March to Rome,” xii;
progress of, xiii;
Mussolini summoned to form cabinet, xiii;
official song of, xiv;
symbol, xv;
syndicalism of, 63, 177;
aims and programme of, 92, 150;
tasks of, 108 _et seq._;
patriotism of, 112;
sincerity of, 114;
not conservative, 115;
Communism and, 116, 196;
attitude of, towards Socialism, 116, 196 _et seq._;
demagogism and, 119;
problems of foreign policy, 121 _et seq._, 149 _et seq._;
attitude towards the peace treaties, 124;
demands of Italian Fascio of Fighters in matters of foreign policy,
132;
birth of, 135;
imperialism of, 136;
not essentially violent, 138, 156;
in the Socialist crisis of 1921, 139;
attitude in the 1921 elections, 139;
Fascista Day, 141;
and the Monarchy, xi, 152;
the Fascista revolution, 154;
attitude of, towards State economic attributes, 155;
and the bourgeoisie, 165;
and the proletariat, 165;
and democracy,
176–7;
and the New Provinces, 183;
demands regarding the Upper Adige, 187;
attitude towards the Popular Party, 201 _et seq._;
and the Vatican, 201–3;
and Social Democrats, 203;
military organisation of, xv, 223;
domestic policy, 215;
emigration and, 215;
foreign policy, 251;
Yugoslavian policy, 253;
women of, 286;
attempt to sever Mussolini from, 287;
strength and adherents of, 316;
associations included in, 316;
Sardinia and, 324;
Parliament and, 357;
not a transitory phenomenon, 357;
an organ of administration, 358;
liberty, not licence, under, 358;
and the constitution, 361

Fascista Council, Great, xv, 232–3, 314

Fascista Government, work of, xvii;
beginnings of, 163–4, 173;
“Government of speed,” 234;
policy respecting Fiume and Zara, 256;
foreign policy, 265, 293 _et seq._

Fascista Party, National, xiv;
military organisation, xv;
numbers and adherents, 316

Fascista revolt, 76

Fascista State, 169, 173

Federation, of Labour, General, 106, 110;
of Seamen, 106

Federzoni, Signor, 190, 192

Fera, Signor, ex-Minister of Justice, 362

Ferrara, speech of 4th April 1921 at, 75

Ferrari, Giuseppe, 78

Ferrarin, 133, 285

Ferrario, General, 192

Fiat factory, 349

Fighters, National Association of, 87, 92, 99;
Fascio, 92

Finance, Ministry of, 272–3

Finland, xviii, 283

Finzi, 310

Fiume, 53, 74;
National Vindications and, 89;
Tardieu and, 96;
Mussolini visits D’Annunzio at, 103;
international relations and D’Annunzio’s occupation of, 104;
Italian acquisition of, 111;
Hungary and, 125;
the tragedy of, 128;
the war between General Caviglia and, 129;
the Fascio of, 131;
economic annexation of, demanded by the Fascisti, 132;
sympathy of Fascista for, 136;
Italian unity and, 144;
General Ferrario, 192;
the Belgrade Agreement, 193;
Agreements of Santa Margherita and, 248;
Arbitration Commission, 262;
Abbazia Conference,
278–9;
difficulties of Yugoslav Government, 301;
representations to Belgrade, 346

Florence, speech 9th Oct. 1919 at, 103;
speeches 19th June 1923 at, 328–9;
of the Middle Ages, 113

Foreign Affairs, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, 174

Foreign policy, 121, 132, 149, 251, 278, 293, 345

Forli, xvi

Forum, the, 234

France:
Italy’s neutrality in 1914, 12;
undertaking not to conclude a separate peace, 19;
heroism of, 45;
attitude of, towards Fiume question, 104

Franche-Comté, 21

Frankfurt, Treaty of, 9

_Frankfurter Zeitung_, 21

Freedom of the Press, 353, 355

Freemasonry, 201, 314, 318

Galassi, Angelico, 201

Galicia, 20;
Eastern, 280

Galileo, 77, 114

Gandolfo, General, 309

Garibaldi, 14, 27, 77, 114, 134;
“red shirts” of, 145;
Piedmont and, 352;
and Dumas, 353

Gasparri, Cardinal, 345

Gay, Harry Nelson, 335

Geneva, Protocol of;
loan to Austria, 299;
territorial integrity of Austria, 300

Genoa, 113, 311

Gentile, Senator, xii

George V., King of England, visit of, 304

Georgia, 133

Germany:
Italy’s neutrality between Triple Entente and Austro-German Alliance,
12;
dependence on Austria, 20;
and Belgium, 22;
Prussian militarism, 23, 60;
“Wilsonites” in, 54;
imperialist, doomed, 60;
war desired by, 72;
reparations problem, 124;
Upper Adige question and, 125;
resistance in the Ruhr, 240;
reparations, 294

Gioberti, 261

Giolitti, revelations of, 12;
adherents of, in upper bureaucracy, 106;
Italian intervention in the war and the followers of, 107;
attitude towards Upper Adige question, 188;
congratulates Mussolini, 362

Giordani, Giulio, 134

“Giovinezza” (Youth), xiv

Giulietti, Captain, 104

Giuriati, 310

_Giustizia, La_, 315

Goethe, 114

Gorizia, 48;
Italophobia in, 184

Grappa, 120

Graziadei, Antonio, 196–7

Graziani, General, xii

Greco-Albanian frontier, massacre of the Italian delegation for
delimitation of the, 363

Greece, 10;
Italian relations with, under Fascista Government, 212;
Italian note to, respecting Janina massacre, 363–4

Grodno, 123

Gronchi, speech on Electoral Reform by, 348

Guardie Regie, abolition of, xvii

Guesde on Socialist nations, 14

Guglielmotti, Maj.-General, 310

Hapsburg, House of, domination of, prevented by the war, 89;
war let loose by, 100;
attempt of, to present navy to Yugoslavs, 126;
Upper Adige and, 185, 187

Harden on Germany’s desire for war, 26

Harding, President, 279

Heraclea coal mines, 96

Hermada, 48

High Commissioners, 315

Hindenburg, 36

Hohenzollerns, the Germany of the, 26, 36;
passing of militarism with the, 60;
domination of, prevented by the war, 89;
Socialists and the, 99;
war let loose by the, 100

Holland, colonies of, 90

Hungary:
preparations against Roumania, 20;
Fiume and, 125;
Popular Party and, 201;
economic relations with, 213;
reparations, 295, 298.
_See also_ Austro-Hungarian monarchy

Iglesias, speech 13th June 1923 at, 326

Immigration Bill, 341

Imperial Italy, 292

_Indipendente_, 354

Inter-allied debts, 294, 346

Internal policy, 306 _et seq._

“Internationals,” German, 26

Internationalism, 11

Islam, situation in, 213

Isonzo, fording of the Upper, 31;
Caporetto and the, 32;
Italian sacrifices beyond the, 48;
destruction of the Hapsburg empire, 107;
obligation of Italy to pass the, 111;
Yugoslav
boundaries and the, 127;
Italian army’s advance towards, 172

Ismet Pasha, 266

Istria, Slavs in, 131;
Fascisti from, 171

Italian-Croat brotherhood, 104

Italian Proletariat, Assizes of the, 105

Italo-American Association, 336

Italo-American Society, 342

Italo-Russian Agreement, 303

Italo-Ukraine Agreement, 303

Italo-Yugoslav Commission, 301

Italy:
Socialist Party, 3, 23, 93;
Triple Alliance, 22;
no ground for remaining neutral, 23;
Battisti, Sauro and Rismondo on destinies of, 74;
and the Brenner, 74;
and the Adriatic, 74;
and Dalmatia, 74;
Socialist Union, 92;
Liberal leaders out of touch with, 165;
Monarchy of, 176;
Convention with Montenegro, 190;
agreements with Yugoslavia, 251;
universities of, 291;
position of, respecting reparations, 294;
War Loan and credits to Austria, 299;
relations with Russia, 303;
relations with United States, 304;
Crimean expedition and the unity of, 351

Jaffa, Conference of, 195

Janina, 363

Japan, conflict between U.S. and, 121–2

Jerusalem, conquest of, 100;
Polish immigrants, 195

Jews:
English mandate in Palestine, 194 _et seq._;
sacrifices by Italian Jews in the war, 195

Journalism, Parliamentarism and, 313

Judiciary Circuits, 314

Jugoslavia. _See_ Yugoslavia

Kaiser, the, 66

Kemal, Mustapha, 150, 189, 266

Kerensky, 33

Klopstock, 114

Labour, Asiatic Utopia and, 82

Labour, General Confederation of, 106, 110;
Fascisti demand Ministry of, 174

Labriola, 348–9, 352

Lansing, Mr., on Dalmatian question, 96

Larussa, order of the day on Electoral Reform proposed by, 362

Lausanne Conference, recognition of Turkey’s successes by, 213;
safeguarding of European and Christian interests by, 213;
Russian representation at, 214;
Italian delegation, 232, 241, 254;
Ruhr and, 241;
Turkey’s legitimate rights, 241;
questions of the Straits and of capitulation, 241;
Angora Government and, 266;
Turks invited to new, 279;
cession of Castelrosso, 302;
Treaty of Lausanne, 345

Law, Mr. Bonar, proposals of, at Conference of Paris, 230, 295.

Lazzari, Constantino, on Election Law, 360

League of Nations, the:
disabled Italian soldiers and, 52;
ex-Pres. Wilson and, 52–4;
no substitute for victory, 54–5;
Germany and, 55;
Renan’s prediction falsified, 55–6;
Internationalism, 56;
difficulties in establishing, 56;
dream of, founded on ruins of the old world, 60;
Fascismo and, 132;
Palestine mandate and, 195;
Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, 268

League, National, 343

Legnano, 27, 45

Lenin, effect of gospel of, on Italy’s working classes, ix;
results in Russia of gospel of, 44;
and Tuscany, 103;
Bolshevism of, preferable to other forms, 129;
Milan and, 136;
an ally of Kemal, 189;
production and the Communism of, 196;
reactionary policy of, 199

Lerici, Mayor of, 163

Lettonia, 133, 283

Levanto, Fascista programme described at, 150

Liberal State, the:
weakness of, 154;
superiority of Fascista State over, 163;
devoid of spirit, 165;
necessity for broadening, 175

Liberticidal Government, 354–7

Liberty, 358

Libyan subjects, 303

Lithuania, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283;
Wilna question and, 123;
rights of, to Memel, 242, 268;
Polish-Lithuanian boundaries, 268

Little Entente. _See_ Entente, Little

Lombardy, iron foundries of, 79;
Fascismo in, 356

Lombroso’s classification of men, 54

London:
Treaty of (1915), 189;
Mussolini’s speech, 12 Dec. 1922 in, 227;
Ruhr advance and Italian memorandum of, 231, 238, 346;
Italian foreign policy at, 254;
Inter-allied meeting at, on draft Peace Treaty with Turkey, 279

Lorenzino dei Medici, 291

Lorraine, reconquest of, 100

_Lotta di classe, La_, 3

Lucci on Mussolini’s foreign policy, 253

Ludendorff, 36

Lupi, Dario, xii

Macedonia, Bulgaria’s right to, 125

Machiavelli, 38

Maeterlinck, 38–9

Maltoni, Rosa, xvi

Manzoni, Alexandro, 313

Marconi, 133

Margherita, Santa, Agreements of. _See_ Santa Margherita

Marx, Karl, 24, 27, 197, 359

Materialism, Mussolini on, 290

Mazzini, 53, 77;
Socialism of, 78;
the Risorgimento, 145;
advocate of Republicanism, 153;
on power, 288;
Democracy and, 351;
Crimea expedition and, 352

Medals, 309

Mediterranean, compensation in, for loss of Sebenico, 96;
Socialists and the, 115;
a centre of world civilisation, 122;
Italian policy in Eastern, 125;
Italy as leading power on the, 141–2, 150;
Italian losses in, 211;
Greco-Turkish affairs in Eastern, 254;
Italian interests in Eastern, 302

Melloni, 161

Memel, 241–2, 268

Memorandum of London. _See_ London

Menotti Serrati, Giacinto, 9

Merano, commissioner of, and Upper Adige, 186

Merrheim, 94

Messina, 356

Metallurgic Consortium, Italian, 359

Metz, 53

Michael, Grand Duke, 33

Michelangelo, 114

Milan, Mussolini’s speeches at:
25th Nov. 1914, 3;
25th Jan. 1915, 18;
8th April 1918, 49;
20th Oct. 1918, 52;
11th Nov. 1918, 58;
23rd March 1919, 87;
22nd July 1919, 92;
5th Feb. 1920, 67;
24th May 1920, 71;
6th Oct. 1922, 161;
6th Dec. 1922, 79;
29th March 1923, 276;
30th March 1923, 277

Militarism, Austro-German, 16.
_See also under_ Germany

Militia, National, xvii, 309

Miliukoff, 33

Mincio, the, 111

Ministerial departments, reduction of, xvii

Minorities and the Electoral Law, 360

Mirabello, Villa, blind ex-soldiers at, 276–7

Misiano, 129

Mohammedans, 213

Moltke, 9

Mommsen, 202

Monarchy, the, Statute Law and, 312.
_See also under_ Fascismo

Montagna, Commendatore, Janina massacre and, 363

Montanara, 289

Montemaggiore as Italian boundary, 127

Montenegro, independence of, 125, 189, 191

Monte Nero, 110

Monte Santo, 28

“Mopsy,” 195

Moratorium for reparations, 235–6, 238

Morgagni, 114

Moscow, Third International at, 195

“Most favoured nation” clause, 282

Mussolini, Arnaldo, xvi, 69

Mussolini, Benito:
leader of the Fascio Nazionale dei Combattenti, x;
summoned to form cabinet, xiii;
saves Italy from Bolshevism, xiv;
the “Duce,” xv;
career, xv, xvi;
family, xvi;
foreign policy, xvii;
his legislative and administrative work, xvii;
character, xix;
expulsion from Socialist Party, 3;
editor of _Avanti_, xvi, 3;
_La lotta di classe_, 3;
against reformism, 3;
agitator for intervention in the war, 9 et seq.;
editor of _Il Popolo d’Italia_, 37;
antipacifist, 58;
Fascista friend of the people, 63;
the “Fascista,” 87;
sane conception of problems of foreign policy, 108;
against revolutionary policy regarding Fiume, 128;
triumph, 134;
Fascista Member of Parliament, 183;
Prime Minister, 207;
Note to Greece on Janina massacre, 363–4.
_See also_ Fascismo.

Naples, speech of 26th Oct. 1922 at, 171;
Risorgimento and the bourgeoisie of, 150

Napoleon, 114

National League. _See_ League, National

National Militia. _See_ Militia, National

National Vindications, the, 89

Naval disarmament, 243

_Neues Deutschland_, 21

_Neue Zurcher Nachrichten_, 22

Neuilly, Treaty of, 123, 299

Nevoso, the, 120, 136, 184, 192, 286, 329

Nicholas, King of Montenegro, 189, 190

Nitti, Signor, 106

Nofri, Gregorio, 252

Nola, the Risorgimento and, 351

North African colonies, 303

North America, Italian emigration to, 341

Oberdan, Guglielmo, 344

Oldofredi, Count, 351

Olympic Games, 340, 342

Order, measures to restore, 308

Orlando, Cantiere, of Leghorn, xiii

Orlando, Signor, 362

Ortigara, 110

Ottoman Public Debt, 303

Padua, speeches:
2nd June 1923 (Women’s Congress), 286;
3rd June 1923 (at the University), 289

Palestine, 194–5

Pangermanism, xiii, 21, 44

Pareto, 312

Paris Conference, Montenegrin independence and the, 189;
failure of, 295

Parliament, Government of Fascisti and, 208, 221, 313, 357;
speech in, on Treaty of Rapallo and Agreements of Sta. Margherita,
210;
Sub-Alpine, and Cavour, 351

Parma, speech 13th Dec. 1914 at, 9

Passive resistance, 346

Perathoner, Herr, xiii, 164

Petrillo, 347

Petrograd, tyranny at, 33

Piave, the Germans on, 31, 32, 45;
Italian resistance on, 48, 59;
the “arditi” and, 74;
Austrian empire destroyed on, 111, 135, 332;
a starting point for the Fascisti in their march to Rome, 160;
deciding factor of the war, 332

Piedmont, Cavour and the constitutional movement of, 311, 351–2

Pisacane, Carlo, 78, 351

Po, Valley of (Valle Padana), 42, 125;
Socialist exploitation of the masses in, 134;
Upper Adige question and, 184

Poincaré, M., 346

Poland, xviii, 100, 123, 195, 213;
boundaries, 268, 280, 304;
Italian relations with, 304

Pontifical Allocution, Zionism and the, 194

_Popolo d’Italia_, founded, xvi;
German-Swiss and the, 21;
Mussolini and, 37;
Treaty of Rapallo criticised by, 125–6

Popular Party, strike of textile workers belonging to, 68;
annual day of, 141;
Fascismo and the, 183, 201–3, 318;
Electoral Reform Bill and, 347, 361

Porta Pia, breach of, 108, 144

Porto Baros, 193, 256, 262

Portorose Conventions, 270, 281

Porto Sauro, 278

Portugal, colonies of, 90

Post and Telegraph Offices, 307

Potsdam, 59

Prefects, 315

Press, the, 313;
jury and, 352;
freedom of, 353

_Principe_, the, 38

Priza, Admiral, 269

Proletariat, Italian, intervention and the, 16;
Assizes of the, 105

Proudhon, 10

Prussia, 9, 36, 50

Public services, industrialisation of, xvii

Public Works, Ministry of, Fascisti demand, 174

Quadrumvirate meeting, xiii

Quaranta di San Severino, Barone Bernardo, 335

Radice, Signor Lombardo, 343

Raffaello, 114

Railways, 270

Ramanadovich, Commander, 190

Rapallo, Treaty of, 123–4;
opinion of Central Committee of the Fascio on, 125;
why Italy signed, 126;
Dalmatia and, 127, 130;
mentioned in Parliament, 210;
Agreements of Sta. Margherita presented to Parliament, 247;
evacuation of territories claimed by Yugoslavia and, 248;
Italian foreign policy regarding, 249;
ratification, 251;
revision of, 256;
application of, 261;
enforcement of, 300

Red Cross, German, 21

Reggio Emilia, Congress of, 3

Regguzoni, 88

Religious instruction in elementary schools, xii

Renan, 55

Reparations Commission, 236, 298

Reparations:
decision of Reparations Commission, 26th Dec. 1922, 236;
decision 12th Jan. 1923, 236;
failure of Germany to supply wood, 236;
Italian delegate’s mandate, 236–7;
Turko-Grecian, 266;
Italy and, 294;
Italian project, 295;
owed by Austria, Bulgaria and Hungary, 295;
Italian quota of, 295–6;
German
project, 297;
German Note on, 297;
Treaty of Trianon, 298;
Allies’ agreement with Bulgaria, 299;
loan to Austria, 300.
_See also_ Inter-allied debts

Republican Alliance, electoral reform and the, 101

Republican Party, intervention and the, 24;
aims of Fascismo and the, 92

Revolution, French, ix, 14, 349;
Fascista, 354

Rhine, German threat to Italy from, 45;
American withdrawal, 230;
Ruhr advance, 230;
exploitation of forests, 236

Rismondo on Dalmatia, 74

Risorgimento, Italian, 111, 144–5, 150–1

_Risorgimento, Il_, 312

Roccatagliata, Ceccardi, 18

Rodzianko, 33

Romanoff, House of, 33

Rome, Pact of, 126

Rome, Government of, and Government at Fiume, 128;
Bolshevist Congress of, 167;
Fascista march on, 171

Rome, speeches of Mussolini at, 24th Feb. 1918, 30;
21st June 1921, 183;
16th Nov. 1922, 207;
2nd Jan. 1923, 228;
6th Jan. 1923, 82;
15th Jan. 1923, 230;
19th Jan. 1923, 234;
23rd Jan. 1923, 235;
1st Feb. 1923, 240;
6th Feb. 1923, 245;
8th Feb. 1923, 247;
10th Feb. 1923, 251;
16th Feb. 1923, 258;
2nd March 1923, 264;
6th March 1923, 271;
7th March 1923, 272;
18th March 1923, 274;
7th April 1923, 278;
8th June 1923, 293;
8th June 1923, 306;
25th June 1923, 331;
speech by American Ambassador, 28th June 1923, 335;
Mussolini’s reply to American Ambassador, 340;
2nd July 1923, 347;
3rd July 1923, 345;
16th July 1923, 347;
Internal Congress of Chambers of Commerce at, 274

Romulus, 38

Ronchi, legions of, 128

Rossoni, Edmondo, xi

Rothermere, Lord, on Mussolini’s work, xiv

Roumania, intervention of, 19;
Italian relations with, 213;
Mohammedans in, 213

Rovigo, speech at, 2nd June 1923, 284

Ruffini, Senator, 335

Ruhr, Italian policy in the, 230–1, 238–9, 254;
Memorandum of London,
231;
German Government’s orders as to coal deliveries, 235;
Reparations Commission’s report on Germany’s failure, 336;
Moratorium, 236–7;
control of mines, 236;
English representative on Rhine High Commission, 237;
Italian mediation, 237, 259;
America’s neutrality, 238;
Little Entente and, 238, 240;
Lausanne Conference, 238, 241;
Russia and, 240;
train services and, 241;
passive resistance, 264, 346;
French object, 264;
English attitude, 264;
reasons for occupation of, 295;
extension of occupation, 345;
European exchanges, 345

_Ruskoie Slovo_, admission of Russian vacillation in, 19

Russia, commercial treaty with, xviii;
undermined by revolution, 12;
Entente and financial difficulties of, 19;
Leninist policy at Brest-Litowsk, 43;
Agrarian revolution, 123;
the Baltic States, 123;
Panslavism, 123;
disagreement over Wilna and Grodno, 123;
fate of Poland, 123;
Russian Jews and Palestine, 195;
relations between Italy and, 303;
liberty of association and, 355;
freedom of the Press in, 355

Rybar, Signor, 269

Sabotino, 28

St. Germain, Treaty of, unsatisfactory to the victors, 123;
Austrian Republic and, 124;
Austro-Italian economic relations and, 282

Salandra, Signor, his formula of “sacred egoism,” 16;
congratulates Mussolini, 362

Salorno, Pass of, 185

Salute, Fascista, xv

San Terenzo, 163

Santa Margherita, Agreements of, 210;
purpose of, 247 _et seq._;
approval of, 251;
Adriatic question and, 255–6;
application of, by Italian Government, 256;
effect of, on Zara and Dalmatia, 260–1;
Abbazia Conference, 278; enforcement of, 300

Santi Quaranta, 363

Sardi, Baron, 335

Sardinia, soldiers of, 120;
Fascisti of, 171; the post-war needs of, 321;
Fascismo and, 324;
Mussolini in, 320, 323, 326;
malaria, 356

Sassari, speech 10th June 1923 at, 320

Sasseno, occupation of, 20

Sauro Basin, 279

Sauro, Nazario, 269

Savoy, Upper, Switzerland, 21;
House of, and Italian unity, 176;
Military Order of, 309

Scala, the, 25, 59

Schappner, 21

Schools, reform of, 314

Sciesa, Antonio, 161

Sea, Federation of the, 104

Seamen, Federation of, 106

Sebenico, 96

Seipel, 281

Serbia, 10, 12;
against separate peace, 19;
integrity of, safeguarded, 189

Serbo-Croat-Slovak Delegation at Abbazia, 278

Serrani, 88

Serrati on Tuscany, 103

Sesto San Giovanni, speech at, 1st Dec. 1917, 25

Sèvres, Treaty of: not satisfactory, 123;
results of possible failure of, 150;
Palestine Mandate, 194

Sforza, Count, on Montenegrin independence, 189, 191

Siam, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283

Silesia, Upper, 123, 189

Sionism. _See_ Zionism

Skrzynski, 280

Smyrna, 124;
Entente and, 254

Social-Bolshevism, 108

Social-Communists, 161

Social Democrats, 203

Social-Extremists and economic policy, 275

Socialism, 5;
Italian, 97;
co-operation with useless, 99;
State, 198

Socialist Party, Italian:
Mussolini’s expulsion from, 3;
irredentism and, 15; intervention and, 27;
Dalmine strike and, 63;
condemnation of, 69;
working class and, 70;
anti-Italian nature of, 73;
Fascismo and, 92;
membership roll, 93, 105;
Leninist Socialists, 101;
in 1913, 97;
Turati, 105;
Bolshevist element in, 116–7;
Fascisti and, 139, 154;
party Socialism and Socialism of Labour distinguished, 197

Socialist Union, Italian, 92

Socrates, 135, 162

Soldiers, Committee of Wounded and Disabled, 51

Soviet, in Italy, 97;
in Russia, 123;
Fascista policy towards, 133;
Italian Communists and the, 197;
attitude towards German proletariat, 232

Spa, conference at, 295

Spain, commercial treaty with, xviii, 283;
conditions in, 306

Spalato, 255

Sparta, Fascismo and “krypteia” of, ix

Stambuliski, 345

_Stampa_, the, 97

Statute Law, the, 311–12, 356

Stefani, de, xviii, and Budgets, 272

Stelvio, 276

Straits, the. _See_ Dardanelles

Strike, anti-Fascista, 307

Stringa, Major-General, 310

Sturck, 98

Südbahn Conference, 269–270

Sudekum, 99

Suffrage, universal, 355

Susak, 256, 262, 278

Switzerland, Mussolini expelled from, xvi, 21, 22

Syndicalist organisation of Bologna, 37;
of the Fascista, 148, 178

Syndicalism, 9, 63, 148, 178, 313–14

Syndicalist corporations, xi

Syndicalists, in Parma, 9;
of Bologna, 37;
in Dalmine, 63;
Syndicate of co-operation, 69;
Fascista syndicalism, 63, 148, 178;
Fascista syndicates, 81;
in Italy generally, 197

Syndicate, of Co-operation, 69;
Fascista, 81;
National Italian, 197;
Confederation of Italian Syndicates, 197

Tacitus, 44

Tamassia, Senator, 260

Tangorra, 215

Tardieu, 95

Taxation, 317

Theseus, 38

Tellini, General Enrico, murder of, 363

Ticino, Canton, 136, 184

Timavo, 48

Tirso, Lake, 324

Tittoni, Senator, 263

Titus, 37

Tivaroni, Senator, 260

Tokyo, circulation of _Our Next War With the United States_ in, 122

Tolstoy, 114, 118

Tonoli, 161

Toscanini, 133

Transylvania, 20

Trento, Fascismo in, xiii;
Italian aims and, 53;
statue of Dante at, 60;
reconquest of, 100;
acquisition of, 111;
Socialists and, 118;
Fascisti of, and Fiume, 131;
elections, 173;
Fascisti demands concerning, 187

Treves, 14

Trianon, Treaty of, 123;
Hungarian reparations, 298

Trieste, 25;
Giacomo Venezian and, 48;
Adriatic aspirations, 59;
reconquest of, 100;
speech of 20 Sept. 1920 at, 108;
Risorgimento, 111;
Socialists and, 118;
military sacrifices of 1915, 120;
speech of 6 Feb. 1921 at, 121;
Fascisti of, and Fiume, 131;
Fascisti of, and separation, 171;
frontier traffic, 282

Triple Alliance, 12, 22, 23

Triple Entente, 12, 15, 16

Tripoli, war in, 14

Turati, Filippo, 69, 105, 252

Turin, 43

Turkey, 10;
Treaty of Sèvres, 125;
Kemal Pasha, 150;
juridical protection of foreigners, 302–3;
Libyan subjects resident in, 303;
Ottoman debt, 303.
_See also_ Lausanne Conference

Tuscany, 328

Udine, speech of 20 Sept. 1922 at, 143

Ukraine, 195, 303

United States, internationalism and the, 46;
democracy of, 49, 110;
intervention of, 49, 51;
relations with, 214;
representatives of, at Economic Congress, 275;
agreement with Britain on debt, 296;
Austrian loan and, 300;
Italian relations with, 304, 335 _et seq._

Unity, basis of, 93, moral, of the Italian people, 352–3

Universal suffrage, 355

Universities, Padua, 289;
of Italy, 291

Unknown Warrior, tomb of, 331, 343, 344

Utopia, the Asiatic, 82

Valona, 20, 117, 118

Vanzette, 79

Vatican, the, 202

Vecchi, Cesare Maria de, xiii, 310

“Venezia Giulia,” 343

Venezia Tridentina, 171

Venezian, 134

Venice, 113, 286

Venizelos, 125

Verdi, 77

Versailles, 56

Versailles, Treaty of:
revision of, 99, 100;
indemnity under, 124;
Italy excluded from economic and colonial benefits, 293

Victor Emmanuel III., King, xii

Vidali, 88

Vienna, 11;
Danube Confederation, 124;
occupation of, 149, 172

Vigevano, Colonel, 190

Vinci, Leonardo da, 114

Vittorio Veneto, 75, 77;
vindication of fruits of, xvii, 107, 151, 154, 160, 164;
greatness of victory of, 110;
Austria crushed at, 135;
Fascista Government, the Government of, 333

Votes for Women, 286

War Office, Fascisti demand, 174

War, revolutionary, 23

Warsaw, Italian firms and, 280

Washington Conference on Disarmament, xviii, 243;
social and pacifist Conventions of, 355

Waterloo, 5

Wells, H. G., 41

White Federation, 197

Wilna, 123

Wilson, Woodrow, 28, 52, 126, 189

Woman’s Fascista Congress, 286;
suffrage, 355

Workers, General Federation of, 198

Working classes, post-war rights of, 63;
intervention and the, 69;
Fascismo and the, 75;
Fascista Government’s policy towards, 80

Workmen, Italian Union of, 66, 69

Yellow immigration, 121

Yugoslavia, pact of Rome, 126;
Isonzo and, 127;
Porto Barro and the Delta, 193;
Mohammedanism in, 213;
the Adriatic question, 255;
Abbazia Conference, 269;
commercial treaty, 271, 282.
_See also_ Fiume;
Rapallo, Treaty of

Zagabria, 127

Zahn, 21

Zambon, Maj.-General, 310

Zankoff, 345

Zara, 53, 59;
Treaty of Rapallo, 125, 262;
Fascismo and, 136;
Adriatic question and, 192;
Agreements of Sta. Margherita, 247, 260–1;
Fascista Government and, 256–7;
“Special zone of Zara,” 301.
_See also_ Yugoslavia

Zocchi, Fulvio, 9

PRINTED BY
THE TEMPLE PRESS AT LETCHWORTH
IN GREAT BRITAIN

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. All items mentioned in the ERRATA were corrected. 2. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 3. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 4. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers. 5. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.