Chapter III: Preface (2)

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Red, orange, various shades of brindle, or white with patches of above colors. Markings should be: white muzzle and blaze on face, collar around neck; white on chest, fore legs, feet, and end of tail; black shadings on face and ears. If blaze be wide, running through collar, a spot of body-color should be on top of head.

DISQUALIFYING POINTS.—Dudley, liver-colored nose; fawn if whole-colored or with black shadings only; black, black and tan, black and white, black, tan, and white, and all white, though an all white has taken high honors under one of our best judges.

THE ST. BERNARD (SMOOTH-COATED).

ORIGIN, USES, AND * SCALE OF POINTS are the same as the rough-coated variety, with the exception of the coat, which should be very dense, broken-haired, lying smooth, tough without being rough to the touch, with thighs slightly bushy.

The tail at root is covered with longer and denser hair than on body, the hair gradually growing shorter at the tip; the tail is bushy, but has no feather.

THE SCHIPPERKE.

MIDNIGHT. DARKNESS.]

ORIGIN.—Wholly Dutch, but how far back it dates is unknown.

USES.—The canal-boatmen in Holland use this “little beggar” as a guard against intruders, as well as to advise the captain of an approaching boat. It will kill rats, swims like a duck, and as a companion is not surpassed.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head, nose, eyes, and teeth 20
Ears 10
Neck, shoulders, and chest 10
Back and loins 5
Fore legs 5
Hind legs 5
Feet 5
Hind quarters 10
Coat and color 20
General appearance 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A small, cobby dog, with sharp expression, lively, always on the alert.

HEAD.—Foxy in type; skull broad, not round; little stop. Muzzle fine, not weak, well filled out below eyes. Nose black and small. Eyes small, dark brown, not full, more round than oval, bright, and full of expression. Ears moderate length, tapering, carried stiffly erect and at right angles with skull. Teeth strong and level.

NECK.—Short, strong, full, and stiffly arched.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders muscular, sloping; chest deep and broad.

BACK.—Short, straight, strong; loins powerful and well drawn up.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs perfectly straight, well under body, good bone. Hind legs strong; hocks well let down. Feet small, cat-like; nails black.

HIND QUARTERS.—Fine compared to fore parts, muscular, well developed; rump well rounded; tailless.

COAT.—Black, abundant, dense, harsh; smooth on head, ears, and legs; lying close on back and sides; erect and thick around neck, forming a mane and frill; well feathered on thighs.

WEIGHT.—About 12 pounds.

DEFECTS.—White hairs are objected to.

DISQUALIFYING POINTS.—Drop or semi-erect ears.

THE SETTER (ENGLISH).

KENT RODERIGO.]

ORIGIN.—Best authorities claim it to be descended from the old Spanish setting-spaniel.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Skull 5
Nose 5
Ears, lips, and eyes 10
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 15
Back, quarters, and stifles 15
Legs, elbows, and hocks 12
Feet 8
Flag 5
Symmetry and quality 10
Coat 5
Color 5
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Considerable prominence of occipital bone, moderately narrow between ears, with decided brow over eyes. Nose long, wide, without fullness under eye; nostrils large and wide apart. Dark specimens should have black nose; for orange and whites, or lemon and whites, a colored nose is desirable. Jaws level, and of equal length. Ears small, shorter than a pointer’s, and carried close to cheeks, partly clothed with silky hair; leather thin and soft. Lips not full nor pendulous. Eyes medium size, animated, best colors being brown.

NECK.—Not throaty; skin rather loose; slightly arched.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders sloping; elbows well let down; chest deep; ribs well sprung, with great depth of back ribs.

BACK.—Arched over loins, but not wheel-back; stifles well bent, set wide apart.

LEGS, ELBOWS, AND TOES.—Legs straight; arms muscular; knees broad and strong; pasterns short; hind legs muscular, plenty of bone; hocks clean and strong.

FEET.—Either cat- or harefoot; but either must be well clothed with hair and between toes.

FLAG.—Sweeps gently downward; feather plenty, straight and silky.

COAT.—Soft, silky, without curl.

COLOR.—Black and white, ticked with large splashes and more or less marked with black; orange and white, liver and white, ticked as above; black and white, ticked with tan markings; orange or lemon and white; black and white; liver and white.

THE SETTER (GORDON).

HEATHER LAD.]

ORIGIN.—The Duke of Gordon claims to be the originator of this breed (1820), being the outcome of a cross with a breed of setters he then owned, and one of his very keen-nosed collies.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head and neck 35
Shoulders and chest 12
Loins and quarters 12
Feet and legs 16
Color 10
Coat and feather 10
Tail 5
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Heavier than the English setter’s, broad at top between ears; skull slightly rounded; occiput well developed. Nose moderately long and broad across top; nostrils well distended. Some good ones show slight dewlap and haw.

BODY.—Heavier than the English setter’s, but may be judged on same lines.

COLOR.—This is of great importance. The colors are black and tan. The black should be jet black (not brown nor rusty); the tan, a rich dark mahogany, grown on inside of thighs, down front of stifles, and on front legs to knees; muzzle also tan; spots over eyes well defined, also those on the points of shoulders.

THE SETTER (IRISH).

SHAMROCK O’MORE.]

ORIGIN.—Probably the same as that of the English setter, the color now making it a distinct breed. It was originally red and white.

USES.—Hunting all kinds of game-birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 10
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 15
Shoulders, fore legs, and feet 12
Hind legs 10
Tail 8
Coat and feather 8
Color 8
Size, style, and general appearance 14
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Long and lean; skull oval (from ear to ear), with well-defined occipital protuberance; brows raised, showing stop; muzzle moderately deep, fairly square at end; from stop to point of nose should be long; nostrils wide, and jaws of nearly equal length; flews not pendulous. Color of nose dark mahogany or dark chocolate, that of eyes (which ought not to be too large) rich hazel or brown. Ears of moderate size, fine in texture, set on low, well back, and hanging in a neat fold close to head.

NECK.—Moderately long, very muscular, but not too thick, slightly arched, free from throatiness.

BODY.—Proportionately long; shoulders fine at the points, deep, and sloping well back; chest deep, rather narrow in front; ribs well sprung; loins muscular and slightly arched; hind quarters wide and powerful.

LEGS AND FEET.—Hind legs from hip to hock long and muscular, from hock to heel short and strong; stifles and hock-joints well bent, and not inclined either in or out. Fore legs strong, sinewy, having plenty of bone, with elbows free, well let down, and not inclined either out or in. Feet rather small, very firm; toes strong, close together, and arched.

TAIL.—Moderate length, set on rather low, strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; carried in a slight, simitar-like curve, or straight, nearly level with back.

COAT.—On head, front of legs, and tips of ears short and fine, but on all other parts of body of moderate length, flat, and as free as possible from curl or wave.

FEATHERING.—The feather on upper portion of ears long and silky, on back of fore and hind legs long and fine; a fair amount of hair on belly, forming a nice fringe, which may extend on chest and throat; feet well feathered between toes; tail to have a nice fringe of moderately long hair, decreasing in length as it approaches the point. All feathering as _straight_ and flat as possible.

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Color a rich golden chestnut or mahogany red, with no trace whatever of black; white on chest, throat, or toes, or a small star on forehead, or a narrow streak or blaze on nose or face, _not_ to disqualify.

THE SHEEP-DOG (OLD ENGLISH OR BOBTAIL).

BOXER III.]

ORIGIN.—It is claimed by the Welsh that this is purely a breed belonging to their own country.

USES.—Same as the rough and smooth varieties of collie.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Skull 10
Jaw, eyes, and nose 15
Color 10
Teeth and ears 10
Legs (if coated) 10
Tail (undocked) 10
Neck and shoulders 10
Body, loins, and hind quarters 10
Coat 10
Markings 5
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Strong, compact, cobby dog, profusely coated all over; moves bear-like.

HEAD.—Skull capacious, rather square; parts over eyes well arched; the whole well covered with hair. Jaw fairly long and square. Stop slightly defined. Eyes in dark blue should be dark brown; in lighter colors they will follow them, and where white predominates a wall eye is typical. Nose black and fairly large. Teeth strong, firm, and even. Ears medium, heavy, and carried close.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, arched, graceful, well coated; shoulders sloping, so that the dog is lower here than at hind quarters.

FORE LEGS.—Straight, plenty of bone, not “leggy,” well coated.

FEET.—Round, large, toes arched, pads hard.

TAIL.—All other points being equal, the tailless specimen wins over the one with a tail; the less he has of it, the better.

BODY.—Rather short, very compact; ribs well sprung; brisket deep; loins very stout, arched; hind quarters bulky.

COAT.—Profuse, fairly hard and strong; double-coated, as in the rough collie.

COLOR.—Dark, light, or pigeon blue, and steel gray, generally mixed with white; white collars, legs, chest, and face greatly desired.

HEIGHT.—Twenty inches and upward.

Stonehenge says: “Usually these ‘bobs’ are strongly made and symmetrical dogs, but without any definite type; they have frequently a tendency to the brindle in color.” In awarding prizes, the premier honors seem generally to go to the homeliest specimens.

THE SPANIEL (CLUMBER).

FRIAR BOSS.]

ORIGIN.—It is claimed that this breed originated at Clumber, the seat of the Duke of Newcastle, though records say it was imported by the duke from the kennels of the Duc de Noailles, and possesses a strain of Basset blood. It certainly has some resemblance to that breed of French dogs.

USES.—Hunting game-birds, and generally runs mute.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
General appearance and size 10
Head 15
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Neck and shoulders 15
Body and quarters 20
Legs and feet 10
Coat and feather 10
Color and markings 5
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE AND SIZE.—A long, low, heavy-looking dog, of a very thoughtful expression, betokening great intelligence; should have the appearance of great power, but not clumsiness. Weight of dogs, 55 to 65 pounds; bitches, 35 to 50 pounds.

HEAD.—Large, massive, round above eyes, flat on top, a furrow running up from between the eyes; a marked stop, and large occipital protuberance. Jaw long, broad, and deep; lips of upper jaw overhung. Muzzle not square, but powerful-looking. Nostrils large, open, and flesh-colored, sometimes cherry-colored. Eyes large, soft, deep set, showing haw; hazel in color, not too pale. Ears long, broad at the top, turned over on front edge, vine-shaped, close to head, set on low; feathered only on front edge, and but slightly. Hair short, silky, without slightest approach to wave or curl.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, thick, powerful, free from dewlap, with a large ruff; shoulders immensely strong, muscular, giving a heavy appearance in front.

BODY AND QUARTERS.—Body very long and low, well ribbed up, and long in the coupling; chest of great depth and volume; loins powerful, and not too much arched; back long, broad, and straight, free from droop or bow. Length an important characteristic; the nearer the dog is in length to being two and a half times its height at shoulder, the better. Quarters shapely and very muscular, neither drooping nor stilty.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, straight, immensely heavy in bone, well in at elbow. Hind legs heavy in bone, but not as heavy as fore legs; no feather below hocks, but thick hair on back of leg just above foot. Feet large, compact, and plentifully filled with hair between toes.

COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat silky and straight, not too long, extremely dense; feather long and abundant.

COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Color lemon and white, and orange and white; the fewer markings, the better. Perfection is solid lemon or orange ears, evenly marked head, muzzle and leg ticked.

STERN.—Set on level, and carried low.

THE SPANIEL (COCKER).

WATNONG I.]

ORIGIN.—Presumably an offshoot of the field-spaniel.

USES.—Hunting, principally woodcock and partridge.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
General appearance 10
Head 15
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Neck and shoulders 10
Body 15
Length 5
Legs and feet 15
Coat 10
Tail 5
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE, SYMMETRY, ETC.—A well-built, graceful, and active dog, showing strength without heaviness. Any of the spaniel colors is allowable. (See Field-spaniel.) Weight not over 28 nor less than 18 pounds.

HEAD.—Fair length; muzzle cut off square, tapering gradually from the eye, not snipy; skull rising in a graceful curve from stop, and with same outline at occiput, the curve line being flatter, but still curving at middle of skull. Head should be narrowest at the eyes, and broadest at set-on of ears, and, viewed from the front, outline between ears should be a nearly perfect segment of a circle. Stop is marked, and a groove runs up the skull, gradually becoming less apparent, till lost about half-way to occiput. This prevents the domed King Charles skull, and produces a light, graceful, well-balanced head. Jaws level. Teeth strong, regular. Eyes round and moderately full, corresponding in color with coat. Ears lobular, set on low; leather fine, and not extending beyond nose; well clothed with long, silky hair, which _must_ be straight or wavy—no positive curls or ringlets.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the ground easily; muscular, and running into well-shaped, sloping shoulders.

BODY.—Ribs well sprung; chest of fair width and depth; body well ribbed back, short in the coupling; flank free from any tucked-up appearance; loins strong; length from tip of nose to root of tail about twice the height at shoulder.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, strong in bone and muscle, straight, neither bent in nor out at elbows; pasterns straight, short, and strong; elbows well let down. Hind legs strong; well-bent stifles; hocks straight, and near the ground. Feet of good size, round, turning neither in nor out; toes not too spreading; soles furnished with hard, horny pads, with plenty of hair between the toes.

COAT.—Abundant, soft, and silky, straight or wavy, without curl; chest, legs, and tail well feathered; no topknot nor curly hair on top of head.

TAIL.—Usually docked; carried nearly level with back. At work it is carried lower, with a quick, nervous action which is characteristic of the breed.

THE SPANIEL (FIELD).

BLACK NIGHT.]

ORIGIN.—Probably one of the oldest of the known breeds, coming originally from Spain; in fact, it is claimed as the parent of the setter.

USES.—Hunting game-birds, principally woodcock and partridge.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 15
Ears 10
Neck 5
Shoulders and arms 10
Legs and feet 15
Body and quarters 20
Coat and feather 15
Tail 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Considerably larger, heavier, stronger in build than the cocker. Conformation should be long and low, more so than the cocker. Colors most preferred are solid black or liver; but liver and white, black and white, black and tan, orange, and orange and white are all legitimate spaniel colors.

HEAD.—Long, and not too wide, carried gracefully; skull showing clearly cut brows, but without a very pronounced stop; occiput distinct, and rising considerably above set-on of ears. Muzzle long, with well-developed nose, not too thick immediately in front of eye, and maintaining nearly same breadth to the point; sufficient flew to give a certain squareness to muzzle and avoid snipiness. Teeth sound and regular. Eyes intelligent and dark, not showing haw, nor so large as to be prominent or goggle-eyed. Ears long, and hung low on skull, lobe-shaped, and covered with straight or slightly wavy silky feather.

NECK.—Long, graceful, and free from throatiness; not too thick, but strongly set into shoulders and brisket.

SHOULDERS AND ARMS.—Shoulder-blades should lie obliquely, with sufficient looseness of attachment to give freedom to forearms, which should be well let down.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, very strong and short. Hind legs well bent at stifle-joint, with plenty of muscular power. Feet of good size, with thick, well-developed pads; not flat nor spreading.

BODY AND QUARTERS.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; strong, slightly arching loins, well coupled to the quarters, which may droop slightly toward stern.

COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat as straight and flat as possible, silky in texture, of sufficient denseness to afford good protection to the skin in thorny coverts, and moderately long; feather long and ample, straight or very slightly wavy, heavily fringing ears, back of fore legs, between toes, and on back of quarters.

TAIL.—Strong, and not carried higher than level of back.

THE SPANIEL (IRISH WATER).

MUSHA.]

ORIGIN.—This cannot be traced, yet it is supposed to have a decided cross of the poodle.

USES.—Retrieving wounded game from the water.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head, jaw, eyes, and topknot 20
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 10
Fore legs 10
Hind legs 10
Feet 5
Stern 10
Coat 15
General appearance 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A strong, somewhat leggy dog.

HEAD.—Skull medium length, rather broad; very little stop Muzzle long, and broad to end. Eyes dark brown, and very intelligent. Ears long, and covered with curls.

NECK.—Long, slightly arched, and muscular.

BODY.—Fair-sized; barrel well rounded and ribbed up.

NOSE.—Liver-colored, large, and well developed.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and oblique; chest deep, but not very wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back strong and flat; loins strong, fair length, and a trifle arched.

HIND QUARTERS.—Long; hocks well let down, and stifles straighter than in other varieties of spaniels.

STERN.—Strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; the hair on it must be quite short, straight, and close-lying.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs well boned and quite straight, somewhat long. Feet rather large.

COAT.—All over little curls, hard, but not woolly. The topknot of long hair should fall over the eyes in a peak, and legs should have as little feather on them as possible.

COLOR.—A rich, dark liver. White on toes or breast a _defect_, but not a disqualification.

NEGATIVE POINTS.

Value.
Feather on stern 10
White on chest 5

THE SPANIEL (JAPANESE).

JINGO.]

ORIGIN.—A native of Japan, where it is also called the “sleeve-dog,” on account of being carried there by the “swells” of that country.

USES.—Simply a pet dog, and extremely intelligent.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head—size and shape of skull 10
Shortness of face and muzzle 10
Width of muzzle 5
Eyes 10
Ears 10
Coat and markings 15
Size and symmetry 20
Legs and feet 10
Tail 10
---
Total 100

HEAD AND NECK.—Head large, broad; slightly rounded skull; neck short, and moderately thick. Eyes large, dark, lustrous, rather prominent, wide apart. Muzzle strong, wide, very short from stop to nose; jaws upturned; teeth not to be shown; nose very short, the end wide with open nostrils, and same color as markings. Ears small, V-shaped; well feathered, set high, and wide apart; carried forward.

BODY.—Compact, squarely built, cobby, the body and legs forming a square.

LEGS AND FEET.—Bones of legs small, slender, well feathered. Feet small, cat-like; the feather increasing the length, _never_ the width.

TAIL.—Carried over back in tight curl; profusely feathered.

COAT.—Profuse, long, straight, rather silky, free from wave, not too flat.

COLOR.—Black, red, or white; parti-colors with white ground preferred. Blenheim markings are most showy. In variation of markings the colors _must_ remain distinct.

WEIGHT.—Four to nine pounds; the smaller, the better.

THE SPANIEL (SUSSEX).

COLESHILL RUFUS.]

ORIGIN.—It is impossible to trace this origin.

USES.—Hunting pheasants, and sometimes for its fur.

SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head and jaw 15
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 15
Fore legs 10
Hind legs 10
Feet 5
Stern 5
Coat and feather 10
General appearance 15
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Rather massive and muscular, but with free movements and nice tail action.

HEAD.—Moderately long, massive, with depth in proportion; skull broad, and forehead prominent. Eyes hazel, fairly large, and languishing, not showing haw overmuch. Ears thick, fairly large, lobe-shaped; set moderately low, but relatively not so low as in black or other spaniels; carried close to head, and furnished with wavy hair.

NECK.—Muscular, and slightly arched.

BODY.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; fair depth behind shoulders.

NOSE.—Liver color; muzzle large and square; lips somewhat pendulous; nostrils well developed.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders oblique; chest deep and wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back level and long; loins broad.

HIND QUARTERS.—Strong; thighs muscular, and hocks low down.

STERN.—Docked from 5 to 8 inches; set low; not carried above level of back.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and strong; immense bone, and a slight bend in forearm. Feet large, round, and moderately well feathered, with short hair between toes.

COAT.—Body-coat abundant; flat or slightly waved, with no tendency to curl; moderately well feathered on legs and stern, but clean below hocks.

COLOR.—Dark golden liver; not a light ginger or snuff color, but of a rich bronze tinge, not puce.

WEIGHT.—From 35 to 45 pounds.

SPANIELS (TOY)—BLENHEIM, KING CHARLES, PRINCE CHARLES, AND RUBY.

RUBY SPANIEL. PRINCE CHARLES SPANIEL.]

ORIGIN.—Shrouded in mystery. The King Charles spaniel derives its name from the second monarch of that name, and the Blenheim from the family seat of the Duke of Marlborough. The colors were originally black, tan, and white for the first breed, and orange or red and white for the second.

USES.—Essentially pet dogs, though at one time the Blenheim was used for hunting birds.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

_King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby._

Value.
Symmetry, condition, and size 20
Head 15
Stop 5
Muzzle 10
Eyes 10
Ears 15
Coat and feathering 15
Color 10
---
Total 100

_Blenheim._

Value.
Symmetry, condition, and size 20
Head 15
Stop 5
Muzzle 10
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Coat and feathering 15
Color and markings 15
Spot 5
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Well domed, and in good specimens absolutely semi-globular, sometimes even extending beyond the half-circle, and absolutely projecting over eyes, so as nearly to meet upturned nose.

EYES.—Set wide apart, with eyelids square to line of face, not oblique or fox-like; large, lustrous, very dark in color, so as to be generally considered black; their enormous pupils, which are absolutely of that color, increasing the description.

Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.]

STOP.—Well marked as in bulldog, or even more so, some good specimens exhibiting a hollow deep enough to bury a small marble.

NOSE.—Short, well turned up, without any indication of artificial displacement; color of end black, and both deep and wide, with open nostrils.

JAW.—Lower jaw wide, leaving plenty of space for tongue and for attachment of lower lips, which should completely conceal teeth; also turned up or “finished,” so as to allow of its meeting end of upper jaw, turned up in a similar way.

EARS.—Long, so as to approach the ground; in an average-sized dog they measure 20 inches from tip to tip, and some reach 22 inches; set low on head; heavily feathered. In this respect the King Charles is expected to exceed the Blenheim, and his ears occasionally extend to 24 inches.

SIZE.—The most desirable size is about 10 pounds.

SHAPE.—In compactness of shape these spaniels almost rival the pug, being decidedly cobby, with strong, stout legs, broad back, and wide chest.

COAT.—Long, silky, soft, and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane, extending well down in front of chest. Feather well displayed on ears and feet, where it is so long as to give appearance of their being webbed; also carried well up the backs of the legs. In the King Charles, feather on ears is very long and profuse, exceeding that of Blenheim by an inch or more. The feather on tail (which is about 3½ or 4 inches) should be silky, and from 5 to 6 inches in length, constituting a marked flag of a square shape, and not carried above level of back.

Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.

KING CHARLES SPANIEL.]

COLOR.—Varies with the breed. The King Charles is a rich, glossy black and deep tan, _without white_; tan spots over eyes and on cheeks, and the usual markings on legs, are also required. The Blenheim must on no account be whole-colored, but have a ground of pure, pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or ruby-red markings evenly distributed in large patches; ears and cheeks red; a blaze of white extending from nose up to forehead, and ending between ears in a crescentic curve; in center of this blaze there should be a clear spot of red, size of a sixpence. The tricolor, or Charles the First spaniel, should have the tan of the King Charles, with markings like Blenheim, in black instead of red, on a pearly white ground; ears and under the tail should also be lined with tan. The tricolor has no spot, that beauty being peculiarly the property of the Blenheim.

The only name by which the tricolor, or black, white, and tan, in future shall be recognized, is Prince Charles.

That in future the all-red toy spaniel be known by name of Ruby spaniel; the color of nose to be black. The points of the Ruby to be same as those of King Charles, differing only in color.

Black-and-tan spaniels with markings of white shall be entered in Prince Charles class, and red spaniels with white markings must go into Blenheim class.

THE TERRIER (AIREDALE).

WEAVER.]

ORIGIN.—Probably a cross of otter-hound and some of the large breed of terriers. Most numerously found in the valley of the Aire and about Bradford, England.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 20
Ears 8
Neck, shoulders, and chest 12
Back and loins 15
Hind quarters and stern 5
Legs and feet 15
Coat and color 20
Weight 5
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, tapering slightly to eyes, free from wrinkle. No perceptible stop or indentation between skull and muzzle, except in profile. Jaw long and powerful, free from flews, rather deep, and moderately square at end. Nose black; nostrils large. Mouth level; teeth large and sound. Eyes small, bright, dark in color, with terrier expression. Ears V-shaped, moderate in size and thickness; carried forward as in a fox-terrier; free from long, silky hair.

NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening to shoulders; well carried; free from throatiness.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders fine, long, and sloping; chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Back short, straight, and strong; ribs well sprung and rounded; loins broad and powerful, and well ribbed up.

HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, powerful, thick through hams; good muscular second thighs, and stifles fairly bent; no tendency to cow-hocks.

STERN.—Stout and docked; set on rather high, but not raised to a right angle with back.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight and well furnished with bone. Feet round and close, with a good thick sole.

COAT.—Rough or broken; dense and wiry in texture; free from lock or curl.

COLOR.—Dark grizzle back from occiput to end of tail, extending also down sides of body, with dark markings on side of skull; rest of body a good tan, darker on ears than elsewhere.

WEIGHT.—Dogs, 40 to 45 pounds; bitches, 35 to 40 pounds.

DISQUALIFICATIONS.—A Dudley nose; white on throat, face, or feet; white on any other part of body objectionable; a thoroughly bad mouth, i.e., minus a number of teeth, and others cankered; undershot; partial blindness objectionable.

THE TERRIER (BEDLINGTON).

ORIGIN.—Supposed both by conformation and color to have sprung from the Dandie Dinmont and otter-hound. The breed is _not_ an old one, by any means.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.

* No scale of points adopted.

HEAD.—Skull narrow, deep, and rounded, high at occiput; covered with silky tuft or topknot. Jaw long, tapering, sharp, and muscular; little or no stop; lips close-fitting, and no flew. Eyes small and deep set. The blues should have dark eyes; blue and tans, dark, with amber shade; livers, sandies, etc., light brown. Nose small. Blues, and blue and tans, have black noses; livers and sandies, flesh-colored. Teeth level. Ears moderately large, filbert-shaped; carried well forward; flat to cheek; thinly covered, and tipped with fine, silky hair.

LEGS.—Of moderate length, not wide apart, straight, with good-sized, rather long foot.

TAIL.—Thick at root, tapering; slightly feathered; 9 to 11 inches long, and scimitar-shaped.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, deep at base, and rising well from shoulders, which should be flat.

BODY.—Long, flat-ribbed, deep, not wide in chest; slightly arched back, well ribbed; light quarters.

COAT.—Hard, with close bottom, and not lying flat to sides.

COLOR.—Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, and sandy and tan.

HEIGHT.—Fifteen to sixteen inches.

WEIGHT.—Fifteen to twenty-five pounds.

THE TERRIER (BLACK-AND-TAN).

BROOMFIELD SULTAN.]

ORIGIN.—This breed was until very recently known as the Manchester (England) terrier, and was probably brought into existence by the operatives of that city.

USES.—A gamy vermin-dog, and a nice companion.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 20
Eyes 10
Ears 5
Legs 10
Feet 10
Body 10
Tail 5
Color and markings 15
General appearance
(including terrier quality) 15
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Long, almost flat, narrow, level, and wedge-shaped, without showing cheek muscles; well filled up under eyes; tapering, tightly lipped jaws; level teeth. Ears, if cropped, must stand perfectly erect; if uncropped, small, thin, and V-shaped, hanging close to head above eyes. Eyes very small, sparkling, and dark, set fairly close together, and oblong in shape. Nose perfectly black.

NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, tapering from shoulders to head, free from throatiness, slightly arched; shoulders sloping.

CHEST.—Narrow but deep.

BODY.—Moderately short; powerful loins; ribs well sprung; back slightly arched at loins, falling again at joining of tail to same height as the shoulders.

LEGS.—Perfectly straight, set well under body, fair length.

FEET.—More inclined to be cat- than hare-footed; black toe-nails.

TAIL.—Moderately short, thick where it joins body, tapering to a point, not carried higher than the back.

COAT.—Close, smooth, short, and glossy, not soft.

COLOR.—Black and mahogany tan, distributed distinctly over body. On head, tan to the nose; nasal bone jet black; bright spot on each cheek and above each eye. Under jaw and throat are tan; hair inside ear of same color. Fore legs tan to knee, with black lines up each toe and black mark above the foot. Inside hind legs tan, divided with black at hock-joint. Under tail tan, and each side of chest is tanned slightly.

THE TERRIER (BOSTON).

HIS NIBS.]

ORIGIN.—The parents of this breed were Hooper’s Judge (a cross from an English bulldog and an English terrier) and Burnett’s Gyp, “a white bitch.” The American Kennel Club has now recognized this as a distinct breed. The origin as given dates back to about 1870.

USES.—Purely a toy dog, of very affectionate disposition and equable temper.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Skull 12½
Ears 5
Eyes 5
Stop 2½
Muzzle 12½
Neck 5
Body 15
Elbows 2½
Fore legs 4
Hind legs 4
Feet 2
Tail 10
Color 7
Coat 3
General appearance 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance is that of a smooth, short-coated, compactly built dog of moderately low stature. The head should indicate a high degree of intelligence and be in proportion to the dog’s size; body rather short and well knit; limbs strong and finely turned; no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly proportioned; all conveying an impression of determination, strength, and activity. Style of a high order, and carriage easy and graceful.

HEAD.—Skull large, broad, and flat, without prominent cheeks, and forehead free from wrinkles. Stop well defined, but indenture not too deep. Eyes wide apart, large and round, neither sunken nor too prominent; color dark and soft. The outside corner should be on a line with cheeks as viewed from the front. Ears small and thin, situated as near corners of skull as possible; rose-ear preferable. Muzzle moderately short, wide, and deep (without wrinkles). Nose black and wide, with a well-defined straight line between nostrils. Jaws broad, square, and even, with short, strong teeth; chops wide and deep, not pendulous, completely covering teeth when mouth is closed.

NECK.—Rather short and thick (without loose skin), and quite well arched.

BODY.—Set moderately low, deep and quite broad at chest, well ribbed up; back quite short, not roached; loins and quarters strong.

ELBOWS.—Set quite low, standing neither in nor out.

FORE LEGS.—Rather wide apart, straight, and well muscled.

HIND LEGS.—Rather straight; quite long from stifle to hock (which should turn neither in nor out); short and straight from hock to pastern. Thighs well muscled. Hocks not too prominent.

FEET.—Small, nearly round, and turned a trifle outward; toes compact and arched.

TAIL.—Moderate in length, set on low, with a moderate downward carriage, fine and tapering, devoid of fringe or coarse hair.

COLOR.—Any color except black, mouse, or liver; brindle and white evenly marked, and whole brindle, are colors most preferred.

COAT.—Fine in texture, short, bright, and not too hard.

WEIGHT.—Light-weight class, 15 to 25 pounds; heavy-weight class, 25 to 35 pounds.

DISQUALIFICATION.—Docked tail.

THE TERRIER (BULL).

GULLY THE GREAT.]

ORIGIN.—This is admittedly a cross between the bulldog and the English terrier.

USES.—Formerly as a fighting dog. Present uses are for vermin, and as a companion it has _no superior_, being kind, gentle, and exceedingly honest and loyal.

* THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HEAD, BODY, ETC.

SCALE OF POINTS BY RAWDON B. LEE.

Value.
Head, including skull, muzzle, lips, jaws, and teeth 25
Eyes 10
Ears (badly cropped or otherwise) 5
Neck and shoulders 15
Back 10
Legs and feet 15
Coat 10
Stern 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance of the bull-terrier is that of a symmetrical animal, an embodiment of agility, grace, elegance, determination, and good nature.

HEAD.—Long, flat, and wide between ears, tapering to the nose, without cheek muscles; slight indentation down face, without a stop. Jaws long and very powerful; large black nose, and open nostrils. Eyes small and very black. Lips should meet as tightly as possible, without a fold. Teeth regular in shape, _and meet exactly_, any deviation being a great fault. Ears always cropped for the show-bench, and should be done scientifically and according to fashion.

NECK.—Long, slightly arched, nicely set into shoulders, tapering to head, without any loose skin.

BODY.—Shoulders strong, muscular, slanting; chest wide and deep; ribs well rounded.

BACK.—Short, muscular, but not out of proportion.

LEGS.—Fore legs perfectly straight, well-developed muscles; not “out at shoulder,” but set on racing lines; very strong at pasterns. Hind legs long, muscular, with good, strong, straight hocks, well let down.

FEET.—Resembling those of the hare.

COLOR.—White.

COAT.—Short, close, stiff to the touch, with fine gloss.

TAIL.—From 10 to 12 inches long, set on very low; thick where it joins the body, tapering to a fine point; carried at an angle of about 45 degrees, without curl, and never over the back.

WEIGHT.—About 30 pounds.

THE TERRIER (CLYDESDALE OR PAISLEY).

ORIGIN.—Both are often considered as one breed, and supposed to be of Skye extraction.

USES.—A vermin-dog, but better as a pet.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 15
Ears 10
Body 15
Coat 20
Color 10
Tail 10
Legs and feet 5
Style and general appearance 15
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE AND STYLE.—The general appearance is that of a long, low dog with plenty of style, having a rather large head in proportion to its size, and with a coat that looks like silk or spun glass.

HEAD.—Skull slightly domed, very narrow between ears, gradually widening toward eyes, and tapering very slightly to nose; covered with long, silky hair, perfectly straight, without curl or waviness, and extending well beyond nose, plentiful on sides of head, joined by that from the ears, giving head a very large and rather heavy appearance. Muzzle very deep and powerful, tapering very slightly to nose, which should be large and well spread over the muzzle, always black. Jaws strong; teeth perfectly level. Eyes rather wide apart, large, round, moderately full, but not prominent; brown, and expressive of great intelligence.

EARS.—This is a most important point. They should be as small as possible, set on high, carried perfectly erect, covered with long, silky hair, which should hang in a beautiful fringe down side of head, joining that on jaws. (Well-carried, finely fringed ears are one of the greatest points of beauty.)

NECK.—Rather long, very muscular, well set into the shoulders, covered with same class of hair as the body.

BODY.—Very long, deep in chest, well ribbed up; back perfectly level.

COAT.—Very long, perfectly straight, free from curl or waviness; very glossy and silky in texture (not linty), and without any pily under coat.

COLOR.—Dark blue to light fawn, the various shades of blue—dark blue for preference, but without any approach to blackness or sootiness. Color of head, beautiful silvery blue, which gets darker on ears; the back, various shades of dark blue, inclining to silver on lower parts of body and legs. Tail is generally the same shade or a little darker than the back.

TAIL.—Perfectly straight, not too long, carried almost level with back; nicely fringed or feathered.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and straight, well set under body, both legs and feet well covered with silky hair. (In a good specimen the legs are scarcely seen.)

THE TERRIER (DANDIE DINMONT).

KELSO COUNT.]

ORIGIN.—Mentioned in 1800 by Davidson as springing from Tarr, reddish and wire-haired (a bitch), and Pepper (shaggy and light), which shows true terrier blood.

USES.—An essentially vermin-dog, “dead game;” and when a fox, otter, etc., is to be bolted it is unsurpassed. It is a curious fact that when unearthing its game it generally does its fighting on its _back_, tearing and scratching its opponent’s throat with tooth and nail.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 10
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 20
Tail 5
Legs and feet 10
Coat 15
Color 5
Size and weight 10
General appearance 10
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Strongly made and large, with muscles well developed; skull broad between ears, growing less toward eyes; forehead well domed. Head covered with soft, silky hair, not confined to a mere topknot. Cheeks have a gradual taper toward muzzle, which is deep and strong and about 3 inches in length. Muzzle covered with darker hair than topknot, the top part being generally bare for about 1 inch from back of nose, where it is about 1 inch broad. Nose and inside of mouth black or dark-colored. Teeth strong and very large, level in front, the upper ones overlapping the under ones. “Swine mouth” is objectionable, but not so much so as the bulldog mouth. Eyes wide apart, full, large, round, bright, full of determination, set low and prominent, and of a rich, dark hazel. Ears large, pendulous, set well back, wide apart, and low on skull, hanging close to cheek, tapering to a point, the tapering being mostly on the back part. They are covered with soft, straight brown hair (sometimes almost black), with a feather of light hair about 2 inches from tip. The feather does not show, sometimes, till the dog is 2 years old. Leather rather thin. Length of ear 3 to 4 inches.

NECK.—Very muscular and strong, and well set into shoulders.

BODY.—Long, strong, and flexible; ribs well sprung; chest deep; back rather low at shoulder; a slight, gradual droop from loins to root of tail.

TAIL.—Rather short (8 to 10 inches), covered on upper side with wiry hair, darker than on body; a feather of about 2 inches, getting shorter as it nears the tip; simitar-like, not curled nor twisted and when excited carried gaily above the level of the body.

LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, immense muscular development and bones set wide apart; feet well formed, _not_ flat. “Bandy legs” objectionable. Hair on fore legs and feet of blue dog should be tan; on a mustard dog a darker shade than on head, which is creamy white. Hind legs are rather longer than front ones, rather wide apart, with feet smaller than front ones, without feather and dew-claws; claws should be dark.

COAT.—Very important. Hair should be 2 inches long, and that from skull to root of tail a mixture of hard and soft hair. The hard hair should be wiry, the coat being pily, that under body being softer and lighter in color than on top.

COLOR.—Pepper or mustard. The pepper ranges from dark blue black to a light silver gray; the mustards from a red brown to pale fawn, the head being creamy white, with legs and feet darker than head. Claws are dark as in other colors. Nearly all Dandies have some white on chest and white claws.

SIZE.—Eight to eleven inches at shoulder. Limit weight, 24 pounds.

LENGTH.—From top of shoulder to root of tail should be twice the dog’s height.

THE TERRIER (FOX, SMOOTH-COATED).

CHAMPION BLEMTON VICTOR II.]

ORIGIN.—Evidently a very judicious cross between a beagle and a bull-terrier.

USES.—Essentially a vermin-dog of the highest order, and capable of worrying a fox when it has taken to earth. It is used by the operatives in some parts of England for coursing rabbits.

* THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE HEAD, BODY, ETC.

SCALE OF POINTS BY RAWDON B. LEE.

Value.
Head, jaws, and ears 20
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 10
Back and loins 10
Stern and hind quarters 10
Legs and feet 15
Coat 10
Size, symmetry, and character 20
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, gradually decreasing in width to eyes. Not much stop, but there should be more dip in profile between forehead and top jaw than in the greyhound. Cheeks must _not_ be full. Ears V-shaped, small, of moderate thickness, drooping forward close to cheek, not hanging by side of head. Jaws strong and muscular, of fair punishing strength. There should not be much falling away below eyes. This part of head should be moderately chiseled out, but not like a wedge. Nose tapering and black. Eyes dark, small, rather deep set, full of fire and intelligence; nearly circular in shape. Teeth nearly level.

NECK.—Clean, muscular, without throatiness, of fair length, and gradually widening to shoulders.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and sloping, well laid back, clearly cut at withers; chest deep and not broad.

BACK.—Short, straight, and strong, with no appearance of slackness.

LOINS.—Powerful and very slightly arched. Fore ribs moderately arched; back ribs deep. The dog should be well ribbed up.

HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, muscular, quite free from droop or crouch; thighs long and powerful; hocks near the ground.

STERN.—Set on rather high, carried gaily, but _not_ over back or curled; of good strength, anything approaching a “pipe-stopper” tail being especially objectionable.

LEGS.—Straight, showing little or no appearance of ankle in front; strong in bone, short and straight in pastern. Both fore and hind legs carried straight forward in traveling; stifles not turning outward; elbows perpendicular to the body.

FEET.—Round, compact, not large; soles hard and tough; toes moderately arched, and turned neither in nor out.

COAT.—Smooth, flat, hard, dense, and abundant. Belly and under side of thighs should not be bare.

COLOR.—White should predominate; brindle, red, or liver markings are _objectionable_.

SYMMETRY, SIZE, AND CHARACTER.—The dog must present a generally gay, lively, and active appearance. Bone and strength in a small compass, but this does not mean that a fox-terrier should be cloggy or in any way coarse. Speed and endurance must be looked to as well as power, and the symmetry of the foxhound taken as a model. The terrier must on no account be leggy, nor must it be too short in leg. It should stand like a cleverly made hunter, covering a lot of ground, yet with a short back.

WEIGHT is not a certain criterion of a terrier’s fitness for its work; general shape, size, and contour are the main points; it should not scale over 20 pounds in show condition.

THE TERRIER (FOX, WIRE-HAIRED).

THORNFIELD KNOCKOUT.]

With the exception of the coat, which should be broken, the origin, uses, and scale of points of this breed are identical with the smooth-coated variety.

The harder and more wiry the texture of the coat is, the better. The dog should not look nor feel woolly, and there should be no silky hair. The coat should not be too long, but it should show a marked difference from the smooth species.

THE TERRIER (IRISH).

DUNMURRY.]

ORIGIN.—Mr. George R. Krehl, editor of the London (England) “Stockkeeper” and English vice-president of the Irish Terrier Club, says this is a true and distinct breed, indigenous to Ireland, and that no man can trace its origin, which is lost in antiquity.

USES.—Rabbiting, and as a vermin-dog.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head, jaws, teeth, and eyes 15
Ears 5
Legs and feet 10
Neck 5
Shoulders and chest 10
Back and loins 10
Hind quarters and stern 10
Coat 15
Color 10
Size and symmetry 10
---
Total 100

_Negative Points._

White nails, toes, and feet 10
Much white on chest 10
Ears cropped 5
Mouth undershot 10
Coat shaggy or curly 10
Uneven in color 5
---
Total 50

HEAD.—Long; skull flat, rather narrow between ears, free from wrinkle; stop hardly visible. Jaws strong, muscular, but not too full in cheek, and of good punishing length. There should be a slight falling away below the eye, so as not to have a greyhound appearance. Hair on face same description as on body: short (about ¼ inch long), almost smooth and straight; a slight beard is permissible, and that is characteristic. Teeth strong and level. Lips not so tight as a bull-terrier’s, but well fitting. Nose black. Eyes dark hazel, small, not prominent, full of life, fire, and intelligence. Ears, when uncut, small and V-shaped, of moderate thickness, set well up, dropping forward close to cheek, free from fringe, and hair thereon shorter and generally darker in color than the body.

NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening toward shoulders, free from throatiness, with a slight sort of frill at each side of neck, running nearly to corner of ear, which is characteristic.

SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders _must_ be fine, long, sloping; chest deep, muscular, but neither full nor wide.

BACK AND LOINS.—Body moderately long; back strong, straight, with no appearance of slackness; loins broad, powerful, slightly arched; ribs fairly sprung, rather deep than round.

HIND QUARTERS.—Well under the dog, strong, muscular; thighs powerful; hocks near the ground; stifles not much bent.

STERN.—Generally docked, free from fringe or feather; set on pretty high; carried gaily, but not over back, nor curled.

FEET AND LEGS.—Feet strong, tolerably round, moderately small; toes arched, neither turned out nor in; black toe-nails. Legs moderately long, well set on, perfectly straight, plenty of bone and muscle; pasterns short and straight; fore and hind legs moving straight forward when traveling; stifles not turned outward; legs free of feather, and covered with hair as on head.

COAT.—Hard, wiry, not soft nor silky, not so long as to hide outlines of body; straight, flat, no shagginess, no lock nor curl.

COLOR.—“Whole-colored,” the most preferable being bright red, wheaten, yellow, and gray; _brindle disqualifying_. White sometimes appears on chest and feet; more objectionable on the latter.

SYMMETRY.—The dog must present an active, lively, lithe, and wiry appearance; lots of substance, free of clumsiness, and framed on the “lines of speed.”

TEMPERAMENT.—The Irish terrier, as a breed, is remarkably good-tempered, notably so with mankind, it being admitted, however, that it is perhaps a little too ready to resent interference on part of other dogs, hence called “daredevils.”

WEIGHT.—Sixteen to twenty-four pounds.

DISQUALIFICATIONS.—Nose cherry or red; brindle color.

THE TERRIER (MALTESE).

FLOSSIE.]

ORIGIN.—Indigenous to the island of Malta, and spoken of by Aristotle, B.C. 370, as the lap-dog of the fashionable Greeks and Romans.

USES.—A pet dog essentially.

SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Size 15
Coat 15
Color 15
Color of eyes 10
Color of nose 10
Tail 10
Ears 5
Legs and body 10
Symmetry 10
---
Total 100

As no standard is adopted, the following is the description of the dog.

WEIGHT.—Five pounds; limit, seven pounds.

COLOR.—All white, with long, silky hair, looking like spun glass, straight, _not_ curly, length _not_ less than 7 inches.

HEAD AND BODY.—Nose and eyes black. Tail turned or doubled into coat on back. Ears small, drooping, well clad with hair. Mouth level; teeth white. Black-coated specimens are _very_ rare and desirable.

DEFECT.—Ears with fawn markings.

THE TERRIER (SCOTTISH).

BELLINGHAM BAILIFF. BONNY C.]

ORIGIN.—Nothing definite of this breed can be traced, though it was for years known in Scotland as the Skye terrier.

USES.—Unearthing vermin, badgers, foxes, etc.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Skull 7½
Muzzle 7½
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Chest 5
Body 15
Legs and feet 10
Tail 2½
Coat 15
Size 10
Color 2½
General appearance 10
---
Total 100

GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The face should bear a very sharp, bright, and active expression, and head carried up. The dog should look compact and be possessed of great muscle in his hind quarters. A Scottish terrier _cannot be too powerfully_ put together.

HEAD.—Skull long, slightly domed, covered with short, hard hair about ¾ inch long or less; skull not quite flat. Muzzle very powerful, tapering toward nose, which should be black and of good size; jaws level; teeth square, though the nose projects somewhat over the mouth. Eyes wide apart, dark brown or hazel, small and piercing. Ears very small, prick or half prick, sharp-pointed, the hair not long, and free from any fringe on top.

NECK.—Short, thick, muscular; strongly set on sloping shoulders.

CHEST.—Broad and proportionately deep.

BODY.—Moderate length, rather flat-sided, well ribbed up, and exceedingly strong in hind quarters.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short, and very heavy in bone, the front ones being straight or slightly bent, and well set on under body; hocks bent; thighs very muscular; feet strong, small, and thickly covered with short hair.

TAIL.—About 7 inches long, carried with a slight bend, and _never_ cut.

COAT.—Rather short (about 2 inches), intensely hard, wiry, and very dense.

SIZE.—About 16 pounds for a dog; 14 pounds for a bitch.

COLORS.—Steel or iron gray, brindle, black, red, wheaten, yellow, or mustard color. _White markings are most objectionable._

HEIGHT.—Nine to twelve inches.

FAULTS.—Large or light eyes; silky or curly coat.

THE TERRIER (SKYE).

LAIRD DUNCAN.]

ORIGIN.—Entirely lost. Indigenous, no doubt, to Scotland.

USES.—A good, gamy vermin-dog, hardy and tough.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Size 15
Head 15
Ears 10
Body 15
Tail 10
Legs 10
Coat 20
Color 5
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Long; powerful jaws, incisors closing level, or upper jaws just fitting under. Skull wide at front of brow, narrowing between ears, tapering to muzzle, with little falling in between or behind eyes. Eyes hazel, medium size, close set. Muzzle black. Ears, when pricked, not large; erect at outer edges, slanting toward each other inward. When pendent, larger, hanging straight, and flat and close at front.

BODY.—Preëminently long and low; shoulders broad; chest deep; ribs well sprung, oval-shaped, giving flat appearance to sides. Hind quarters full and well developed. Back level, and declining from top of hip to shoulders. Neck long and well crested.

TAIL.—When hanging, upper half perpendicular, under half thrown backward in a curve. When raised, a prolongation of outline of back, not rising higher nor curling up.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short, straight, muscular, no dew-claws. Feet large, pointing forward.

COAT (DOUBLE).—Under coat short, close, soft, and woolly; and over coat long (5½ inches), hard, straight, flat, free from crisp or curl. Hair on head shorter, softer, veiling forehead and eyes; on ears, overhanging inside, falling down, not heavily, but surrounding ear like fringe; tail also feathered.

COLOR.—Dark or light blue, or gray or fawn with black points.

HEIGHT AND LENGTH.—Height at shoulder 9 inches; length, occiput to root of tail, 22½ inches.

WEIGHT.—Dogs, 18 pounds; bitches, 16 pounds.

DISQUALIFICATIONS.—Doctored ears or tail; weight over 20 pounds; over- or under-shot jaws.

TERRIERS (TOY).

Toy terriers are judged by the same points as the large specimens of the same breed.

THE TERRIER (WELSH).

TORY II.]

ORIGIN.—Claimed by some to be of Welsh origin, by others of English origin. However that may be, the breed was only recognized by the English Kennel Club in 1886, and catalogued under title of “Welsh or English wire-haired black-and-tan terriers.”

USES.—Essentially a vermin-dog, “dead game.”

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.

Value.
Head 20
Neck and shoulders 10
Body 10
Loins and hind quarters 10
Legs and feet 15
Coat 15
Color 10
Symmetry 10
---
Total 100

HEAD.—Skull flat, rather wider between ears than the wire-haired fox-terrier. Jaws powerful, clean cut, rather deeper and more punishing—giving head a more masculine appearance than that usually seen on a fox-terrier. Stop not too defined; fair length from stop to end of nose. Nose black. Ears V-shaped, small, not too thin, set on fairly high, carried forward and close to cheek. Eyes small, not too deeply set in nor protruding, dark hazel, expressive, and indicating abundant pluck.

NECK.—Moderate length and thickness, slightly arched and sloping.

BODY.—Back short, well ribbed up; loins strong; good depth and moderate width of chest; shoulders long, sloping, well set back; hind quarters strong; thighs muscular; hocks moderately straight, and well let down. Stern set on moderately high, and not too gaily carried.

LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight, muscular, good bone, strong pasterns. Feet cat-like.

COAT.—Wiry, hard, very close, and abundant.

COLOR.—Black or grizzle and tan, free from pencilings on toes.

SIZE AND WEIGHT.—Fifteen inches in dogs; average weight, 20 pounds.

THE TERRIER (WHITE ENGLISH).

TOMMY ATKINS II.]

ORIGIN.—Wholly unknown, but the greatest number come from Manchester (England).

USES.—A very companionable gamy dog.

* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.