Chapter XXXI: Appendix (4)

This bird was found in the Strait of Magalhaens, so late in the year as the month of May, when it was seen flying in a snow-squall. It seemed regardless of the cold, and so long as the _fuchsia_ and _veronica_ were in blossom, so long did this hitherto supposed to be delicate little bird, remain to cull their sweets, or rather to prey upon the insects which buried themselves in the flowers; for, innocent as it seems, it is insectivorous. The bird was long known to naturalists, but was not described until November 1827, when Mr. Vigors described it, from a specimen transmitted by me to the Museum of the Zoological Society. It was found by MM. Lesson and Garnot, on the coast of Chile, where we also subsequently found it. M. Lesson described it in his useful little Manuel d'Ornithologie, ii. p. 80, as above, and has given a detailed account. Had not Mr. Vigors previously described it, I should have had pleasure in referring it to their description, and their excellent plate, in Lesson's Monograph upon the Trochilidae.

30. TROCHILUS FERNANDENSIS.--Nob. in Proceedings Zool. Soc.

_Troch. ferrugineo-rufus; capitis vertice splendenti-coccineo;
remigibus fuscis._

Length, 5 inches.

Island of Juan Fernandez, South Pacific.

31. TROCHILUS STOKESII.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Soc.

_Troch. corpore supra viridi-splendente, subtus albo viridi-guttato;
capite supra, guttisque confertis gulae lazulino-splendentibus; {536}
remigibus fusco-atris; remigum omnium, mediis exceptis, pogoniis
internis albis._

Length 5 inches.

Island of Juan Fernandez.

HYLACTES.--_Novum genus. Megapodio affine._

_Characteres Generici._

_Rostrum subelongatum, subtenue, apice subemarginato; naribus basalibus, longitudinalibus, membrana subtumescenti pilisque per mediam longitudinem tecta._

_Alae, brevissimae, rotundatae; remige 5ta longissima._

_Cauda, subelongata, gradata._

_Pedes, fortes: tarsis subelongatis, in fronte scutellatis; digitis unguibusque elongatis, hic fortioribus subcompressis; halluce fortissimo, incumbente._

This genus appears to have some resemblance to MM. Quoy and Gaimard's genus _Megapodius_: but no specimen of it being in this country, and my bird differing in essential points from its generic characters, particularly in the length and form of the wings, which in my bird are rounded, and so short as not to reach beyond the base of the tail, I have formed it into a new genus, for which the term Hylactes (from its note, which very much resembles the sharp bark of a dog) has been selected.

32. HYLACTES TARNII.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Soc.

_Hyl. saturate fusco-brunneus; fronte, dorso, abdomineque rufis, hoc
fusco fasciato._

At Chiloe and Port Otway, in the Gulf of Penas.

The specific name I have selected is in compliment to Mr. John Tarn, surgeon of the Adventure, to whose attention, in procuring and preserving numerous specimens in ornithology, I am greatly indebted.

33. STRUTHIO RHEA.--Lin. (223.)

The American ostrich. Maldonado.

34. COLUMBA FITZ ROYII.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Soc.

_Col. binacea; alis, dorso imo, caudaque plumbeis, hujus fascia
remigibusque atris: nuchae plumis viridi-splendentibus; fascia
occipitali alba._

In the woods of Chiloe.

Dedicated to Captain Robert Fitz Roy, who succeeded to the command of H.M.S. Beagle upon the death of Captain Stokes. {537}

35. COLUMBA MERIDIONALIS.--Nob. in Zool. Journal, iv. 92.

_Col. brunnescenti-plumbea, subtus rufescens; colli lateribus purpureo
nitore splendentibus, genis pennisque secundariis nigro maculatis,
rectricibus apice griseo fasciaque sub-apicali nigra._

Length, 9-1/2 inches.

36. ARDEA.--Sp. One of the night bitterns.

37. ARDEA MAJOR.--Bonat., E. M. 1148.

Port Otway, Gulf of Penas.

38. IBIS MELANOPIS.--Bonat., E. M. 1148.

Port San Julian.

In the Ency. Meth. the length of the bird is stated to be 21 inches, but in the Dict. d'Histoire Naturelle 27 inches is given, which is correct.

39. TOTANUS FUSCUS?

40. SCOLOPAX MAGELLANICUS.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 93.

_Scol. supra brunneus, rufo fulvo nigroque maculatus undulatusque;
abdomine medio albo; pectore brunneo rufoque sparso; tarsis brevibus._

The length of the bird from the front to the end of the tail is 8-1/2 inches; of the beak 2-1/2; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the end of the quill feather, 5; of the tail 2-1/2; and of the _tarsi_ 1-1/16.

Strait of Magalhaens.

41. RHYNCHAEA OCCIDENTALIS.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 94.

_Rhync. supra brunnea, capite summo pectore alisque saturatioribus,
fulvo undulata strigataque; abdomine, macula utrinque pectorali,
maculisque alarum, albis, stringa frontali brunnea._

The length of the bird from the forehead to the end of the tail is seven inches; of the bill 1-3/8; of the wing from the carpal joint to the extremity of the first quill feather, 4-1/4; of the _tarsus_ 1-5/16; of the tail 1-3/4.

Strait of Magalhaens.

This bird may be considered as one of the most interesting acquisitions made in our voyage. The singular and strongly marked genus has been hitherto considered peculiar to the Old World; and two species only having been discovered, an additional species from the New World is an important accession to science. The form of our Magellanic bird accords accurately with that of the Old World species, the bill being distinguished chiefly by its {538} inferior length. The general appearance of the plumage also is similar, although it possesses sufficiently distinctive characters to authorize this species being separated from the other.

42. RALLUS SETOSUS.--Nob. in Zool. Journ. iv. 94.

_Rall. supra brunneus, dorso alisque nigro notatis, subtus plumbeus;
remigibus primariis rectricibusque fuscis, his saturatioribus; fronte
setoso._

The length of the bird from the forehead to the extremity of the tail is 10 inches; of the bill 1-15/16; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the end of the second quill feather, 4-7/8; of the tail 3; of the _tarsus_ 1-5/8.

43. RALLUS ANTARCTICUS. Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 95.

_Rall. supra brunneus, nigro strigatus; subtus plumbeus, femorum
tectricibus crissoque atris, albo-fasciatis._

The length of the body is 7-1/2 inches; of the bill 1-1/4; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the end of the second quill feather, 3-3/4; of the tail, 1-3/4; of the _tarsus_ 15/16.

44. FULICA CHLOROPOIDES.--Nob. in Zool. Journ. iv. 95.

_Ful. capite, coll. superiore, caudaque atris; corpore reliquo
atro-fusco, crisso albo._

The length of the body is 15 inches; of the bill 1-1/4; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the extremity of the second quill feather, 6-1/2; of the tail 3; of the _tarsi_ 2.

45. FULICA GALLINULOIDES.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 96.

_Ful. atro-fusca; dorso saturatiore, capite atro, gula albo-notata
crisso albo, rostro angusto, in frontem parum extendente._

46. CHIONIS ALBA.--Forster.

Seen at Cape Horn, and at sea, four hundred miles from the nearest land. Captain Foster, of H.M.S. Chanticleer, saw some at South Shetland.

47. HAEMATOPUS PALLIATUS.--Temminck.

Strait of Magalhaens.

48. HAEMATOPUS LEUCOPUS.--Gam.

Strait of Magalhaens.

The above two species of Haematopus were frequently seen on {539} the shores of the Strait; the latter appears to answer the description of M. Bougainville. See Lesson, Manuel d'Ornithologie, ii. 30.

49. CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS.--Var.

Not to be distinguished from the golden plover.

50. CHARADRIUS RUBECOLA.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 96.

_Char. capite summo, dorso, alis, caudaque supra grisescenti-fuscis,
thorace nuchaque pallide griseis; pectore rufo, collari subpectorali
nigro; fronte, striga superciliari, abdomine, crisso, rectricibusque
lateralibus albis._

The length of the body is 8-2/3 inches; of the bill 3/4; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the end of the first quill feather, 5-5/8; of the tail 3; of the _tarsi_ 1-1/4.

Mountains of the Strait of Magalhaens 2,000 feet above the level of the sea.

51. VANELLUS CAYANENSIS.--Ency. Meth. 1073. pl. 57, fig. 2.

Maldonado, River Plate.

52. PODICEPS.--Sp.

Very much resembling P. minor.

53. PODICEPS.--Sp.

54. PODICEPS LEUCOPTERUS.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 101.

_Pod. capite colloque superioribus nigris, gula griseo-albida, collo
inferiore rufo; dorso fusco-atro; abdomine strigaque lata alarum
albis._

The length of the body is 20 inches; of the bill 3; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the apex of the second quill feather, 7-1/4; of the _tarsi_ 2.

55. APTENODYTES MAGELLANICA.--E. Meth.

56. APTENODYTES CHRYSOCOME.?--A young bird.

57. PHALACROCORAX NIGER.--Nob. in Zool. Journal, iv. 101.

_Phal. intense niger, circulo angusto ab oculis descendente,
mandibulasque circumcingente, paucisque genarum capitisque plumis
albis._

The length of the bird is 31 inches; of the bill 3-3/8; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the extremity of the third quill {540} feather, 11; of the tail 7-1/2; of the _tarsi_ 2. The irides a bright blue green; the pupils black.

This bird is probably D'Azara's black Zaramagullon (No. 432 of his Birds of Paraguay), but it has not hitherto been described.

58. PHALACROCORAX ATRICEPS.--Nob. in Zool. Journal, iv. 102.

_Phal. capite supra corporeque superiore atris, inferiore albo; rostro
pedibusque flavescentibus, rectricibus duodecim._

The dimensions are nearly the same as those of the last bird, except those of the bill, which is a quarter of an inch longer.

59. PHALACROCORAX CIRRIGER.

_Phal. supra fusco-griseus, subtus albidus; gula, cirroque
longitudinali per collum utrinque descendente, albis; rostro pedibusque
rubris; rectricibus quatuordecim._

The length of the body is 26 inches; of the bill 3-3/16; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the extremity of third quill feather, 10; of the tail 6; of the _tarsi_ 1-3/4.

60. PHALACROCORAX IMPERIALIS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zoological Society.

_Phal. capite cristato, collo posteriori, corporeque supra intense
purpureis; alis scapularibusque viridi atris; remigibus rectricibusque
duodecim fusco-atris; corpore subtus, fascia alarum, maculaque dorsi
medii sericeo-albis; rostro nigro; pedibus flavescentibus._

_Statura._--_Phal. carbonis._

_Hab._--Interior Sounds of Western Patagonia.

61. PHALACROCORAX SARMIENTONUS.

_Phal. capite, collo, dorsoque imo atro-purpureis; pectore abdomineque
albis; dorso superiori, scapularibus, alisque viridi-atris; remigibus
rectricibusque duodecim atris; gula, genis, femorumque tectricibus
superioribus albo-notatis; rostro nigro; pedibus flavescentibus._

_Statura praecedentis._

Strait of Magalhaens.

62. PHALACROCORAX ERYTHROPS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zoological Society.

_Phal. capite, collo, corporeque supra purpureo-atris; pectore
abdomineque albis; genis parce albo-notatis; facie nuda rubra; {541}
remigibus, rectricibus duodecim, rostroque sub-brevi atris: pedibus
flavescentibus._

_Statura paulo minor praecedentibus duobus._

63. LARUS HAEMATORHYNCHUS.--Nob. in Zool. Journ. iv. 103.

_Lar. corpore plumbeo-griseo, dorso medio alisque nigris, his albo
notatis; rostro pedibusque sanguineis._

The length of the bird is 18 inches; of the bill 2; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the end of the first quill feather, 13; of the tail 6; of the _tarsi_ 2. Irides green silvery colour, pupil dark.

64. LARUS FUSCUS?

65. LARUS RIDIBUNDUS?

66. LESTRIS CATARRHACTES?

67. PROCELLARIA GIGANTEA. A young bird.

68. PROCELLARIA CAPENSIS.

This beautiful, but well-known petrel, was, of course, our constant companion on all occasions of our being at sea, and was particularly numerous off the entrance to the river Plata, feeding probably upon the exuviae that drift out with the current. One being taken with the hook, was killed, and in its entrails several small fragments of granite were found mixed with the half-digested food. A remarkable instance of the natural habits of this bird has lately come to my knowledge, which deserves to be recorded. The late Mr. George Fairfowl, surgeon R.N., on his return from New South Wales, in the year 1831, caught one of these birds, and let it go, with a ribbon tied round the body, by which it was easily distinguished; the bird was thereby observed to follow the ship, from day to day, for the space of 5,000 miles.

69. PROCELLARIA BERARDI.

70. PROCELLARIA WILSONII.--Prince of Musignano.

_Thalassidroma Wilsonnii_--Vigors.

71. DIOMEDEA EXULANS.

72. CYGNUS ANATOIDES.

_Cygn. albus, remigibus primariis ad apicem nigris; rostro pedibusque
rubris, illo lato, subdepresso, tuberculo nullo._

{542}

Interior Sounds on the west coast of Patagonia.

Molina describes a Chilian duck, _anas coscoroba_, thus: _A. rostro extremo dilatato rotundato_; _corpore albo_; but I do not think it can be the same as mine, or he would have noticed its red feet and bill. It certainly is not _A. candidus_, of Viellot; the _ganso blanco_ of D'Azara, which the author of the article in the Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxiii. supposes to be the one and the same with _A. coscoroba_. Molina gives but a short description of that bird.

73. ANSER INORNATUS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Society.

_Mas. Ans. albus: dorso inferiori, cauda, fasciis nuchae dorsique
superioris femorumque tectricum, pteromatibus, remigibusque atris:
rostro nigro, pedibus flavescentibus._ Foem. _Capite colloque canis;
dorso superiori corporeque inferiori albis, nigro confertim fasciatis;
dorso imo remigibus, rectricibusque nigris; ptilis speculoque albis;
tarsis subelongatis._

Strait of Magalhaens.

74. MICROPTERUS BRACHYPTERUS.--Quoy and Gaimard. Zool. de l'Uranie, pl. 39.

_Oidemia patachonica._--Nob. Zool. Journal, iv. 100. _Anas brachyptera._--Latham. Racehorse.--Cook.--Byron.

_Micropt. supra plumbeo-grisescens, abdomine albescente speculo alarum
albo; rostro luteo; ungue nigro._

75. MICROPTERUS PATACHONICUS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Soc.

_Micropt. supra plumbeo grisescens; gula scapularibusque rufescentibus;
abdomine speculoque alarum albis; rostro virescenti-nigro, ungue
nigro._

Smaller than _M. brachypterus_.

This bird having a smaller body than the first, is enabled to fly; which with the scapulars and the feathers of the throat being of a redder hue than those of _M. Brachypterus_, authorizes its being considered as specifically new.

76. ANAS NIGRICOLLIS.--Ind. Orn. ii. 834.

This bird has a wide range on the South American continent. It frequents the River Plata, Strait of Magalhaens, and several parts of the Western Coast, as far up as Chiloe. {543}

77. ANAS CHILOENSIS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Society.

_An. fronte, genis, abdomine, uropygio, pteromatibusque albis; capite
posteriori, collo, dorso inferiori, ptilis, remigibusque primariis,
caudaque fuscis; dorso superiori, pectoreque fusco et albo fasciatis;
remigibus secundariis et tertiis scapularibusque nitide atris, his albo
lineatis; abdominis lateribus crissoque rufescentibus; striga post
oculos, lata splendide purpurascenti-viride._

Length about 16 inches. Island of Chiloe.

78. ANAS FRETENSIS.--Nob. in Proceedings of Zool. Soc.

_An. gula, genis, collo, pectore, dorsoque anteriori pallide badiis;
collo graciliter undulato; pectore dorsoque anteriori atro maculato;
dorso abdomineque imis, crisso, caudaque albis nigro fasciatis; dorsi
fasciis latis, abdominis gracillimis, caudae sublatioribus, crissi
sparsim undulatis; capite supra, remigibus, scapularibusque
virescenti-atris; his albo in medio lineatis; tectricibus
plumbeo-canis, fascia apicali alba; speculo supra viridi, deinde
purpureo, fascia atra apice albo terminata._

_Statura Anatis creccoidis_, Nob.

Strait of Magalhaens.

79. ANAS RAFFLESII.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 97.

_An. castaneo-rufa, capite abdomineque medio saturatiorbus; notis
dorsi, remigibus, cauda supra, crissoque nigris; ptilis caeruleis,
pteromatibus albis, speculo alarum viridi._

A figure of the bird is given in the supplementary plates of the Zool. Jour. Supp. XXIX.

Length, 20 inches.

Strait of Magalhaens, and Western coast to Chiloe.

This beautiful bird bears the name of the late Sir J. Stamford Raffles, to whose exertions the science of Zoology is under no trifling obligation.

80. ANAS SPECULARIS.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 98.

_An. capite summo, dorso, alis, caudaque nigris: subtus pallide
griseus, pectore brunneo undulato: speculo lato purpurascenti-aureo
splendente, fascia atra alteraque alba marginato: macula utrinque
suboculari, mento, thoraceque albis._

The length of the bird is 26 inches; of the bill 2-3/8; of the wing, {544} from the carpal joint to the extremity of the second quill feather, 11; of the tail 6; of the _tarsi_ 2-1/4.

81. ANAS SPECULARIOIDES.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 98.

_An. capite summo corporeque supra fuscis: subtus pallide griseus,
pectore rufo-brunneo fasciato: remigibus, crisso, rectricibusque atris:
speculo subangusto purpurascenti-aureo splendente, fascia atra,
alteraque apicali alba._

The length of the bird is 24 inches; of the bill 2-1/8; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the extremity of the second quill feather, 10-1/2; of the tail 6; of the _tarsus_ 1-1/2.

Strait of Magalhaens.

This is the common duck in the vicinity of Port Famine, and in the winter months is excellent eating.

82. ANAS CRECCOIDES.--Nob. in Zool. Jour. iv. 99.

_An. pallide brunneo-griseus, fusco sparsus notatusque; dorso imo,
ptilisque fuscis, his apice rufo; speculo nigro, fulvo marginato._

The length of the bird is 16-1/2 inches; of the bill 1-3/4; of the wing, from the carpal joint to the extremity of the second quill feather, 8-3/16; of the tail 4-3/8; of the _tarsus_ 1-1/4.

* * * * *

{545}

SHELLS.

Description of the CIRRHIPEDA, CONCHIFERA, and MOLLUSCA, in a Collection formed by the Officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle, employed between the years 1826 and 1830 in surveying the Southern Coasts of South America, including the Strait of Magalhaens and the coast of Tierra del Fuego. By Captain Phillip P. King, R.N., F.R.S., &c., assisted by W. J. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., &c. (From the Zoological Journal.)

The testacea, of which the following paper is a descriptive list, were principally collected upon the coast of South America; and, upon my arrival in England, were submitted to the examination of Mr. George Sowerby; who very obligingly selected the undescribed species from the collection which had been formed under my superintendence by the Officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle, employed under my command in surveying the southern coast of South America.

To these gentlemen I am greatly indebted for the unwearied assiduity which they at all times displayed, and for the extent of the collection in this, as well as in other departments of Natural History.

In the description of the species I have had the benefit of the advice and assistance of my friend Mr. Broderip; and to his knowledge of the subject, and the attention which he has devoted to my collection, I owe in a great measure the paper which I have now the satisfaction of presenting to the public through the medium of the Zoological Journal.

Upon examining my specimens, Mr. George Sowerby found that he possessed several species not in my collection. These had been obtained during the voyage, and had been purchased from some of the crew by Mr. Sowerby, who handsomely put his acquisitions into my hands for description.

------

1. BALANUS PSITTACUS.

Syn. Lepas Psittacus. Molina, 1., 223.

_B. testa albido-rosacea, subconica, elongata, rudi, longitudinaliter
creberrime striata; radiis transversim striatis; operculo transversim
{546} profunde sulcato, lineis elevatis creberrime plicatis; valvis
posticis valde productis, acuminatis._

_Habitat ad oras Concepcionis et insulam Chiloe. Mus. Brit., nost., Broderip, &c._

This cirrhiped which, at Concepcion de Chile, is frequently found of a larger size than 5-1/2 inches long and 3-1/2 in diameter, forms a very common and highly esteemed food of the natives, by whom it is called _Pico_, from the acuminated processes of the two posterior opercular valves. The anterior and posterior opercular valves, when in contact, present some resemblance to a parrot's beak, whence Molina's name. It is also found very abundantly at Valdivia and at Calbuco, near the north end of the island of Chiloe. It occurs in large bunches, and presents somewhat of a cactus-like appearance. The parent is covered by its progeny, so that large branches are found composed of from fifty to one hundred distinct individuals, each of which becomes in its turn the foundation of another colony. One specimen in the possession of my friend W. J. Broderip, Esq., consists of a numerous group based on two large individuals. They are collected by being chopped off with a hatchet. At Concepcion, where they are found of larger size than to the southward, they are principally procured at the Island of Quiriquina, which lies across the entrance of the bay; whence they are exported in large quantities to Valparaiso and Santiago de Chile, where they are considered as a great delicacy, and indeed with some justice, for the flesh equals in richness and delicacy that of the crab, which, when boiled and eaten cold, it very much resembles.

2. ELMINIUS LEACHII.[213]

_E. testa albida, truncata, longitudinaliter striata, radiis creberrime
longitudinaliter substriatis; operculo ad basin transversim striato,
quadripartito; long. 5/8; lat. 3/8; poll._

_Habitat._ _In Museo Geo. Sowerby et nost._

3. SCALPELLUM PAPILLOSUM.

_S. pedunculo creberrime papilloso; testa laevi valde compressa; long.
omnino 11/16; 4/16 pedunculi; lat. 5/16, poll._

{547}

_Habitat in mare alto circa oras Patagonicas. Mus. nost., G. Sowerby._

Taken by a dredge in 40 fathom water, off the coast of South America, in latitude 44-1/2deg south, and found adhering to a Terebella.

4. PHOLAS CHILOENSIS. MOLINA.

_P. testa elongata postice ovato-rotundata, costis posticis
dentato-muricatis; antice attenuata striis transversis postice
undato-muricatis, antice muticis; lat. 5: long. 2; poll._

_Habitat ad insulam Chiloei. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod., Stokes._

Some doubt has been thrown upon the existence of this shell, notwithstanding the description of Molina. A species very nearly approaching it, if not identical, was found at Rio de Janeiro; but as only single valves were obtained, and these were in a very imperfect state, I have not ventured to characterise it.

The soft parts of _Pholas Chiloensis_ are considered very delicate by the inhabitants of the Island of Chiloe, by whom the animal is called "_Co-mes_." They are found in great abundance at low water imbedded in the rocks near Sandy Point, at San Carlos de Chiloe.

5. SOLEN SCALPRUM.

_S. testa lineari subrecta extremitatibus subrotundatis; cardine
bidentato; long. 13/16; lat. 3-11/16; poll._

_Habitat ad Patagoniae oras Orientates_ (Sea Bear Bay). _Mus. nost._

6. ANATINA ELLIPTICA.

_A. testa elliptica, subtenui, transversim striato, antice
sub-truncata, epidermide fusca, tenui; long. 1-3/8; lat. 2-3/8; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Antarcticas_ (New South Shetland). _Mus. Brit., nost._

This shell was found at New South Shetland, by Lieutenant Kendall, of his Majesty's sloop, Chanticleer, by whom it was presented to me.

7. MACTRA EDULIS.

_M. testa subtrigona, tumida, sublaevi, fulvo-squalida, intus alba,
dentibus lateralibus prominentibus; long. 2; lat. 2-4/8; poll._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico_ (Port Famine). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This shell was found in great abundance on the flat of sandy mud, which fronts the west shore of Port Famine, and proved a {548} valuable article of food to the ship's company, particularly during the winter months, when sea-birds and game were not to be procured, and the fish had deserted us. I have named it, in allusion to its affording us a grateful, as well as seasonable, supply of fresh food.

8. ERYCINA SOLENOIDES.

_E. testa subelliptica, transversim creberrime substriata, albida,
epidermide fusco-grisea; long. 1 paulo minus; lat. 2; poll._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico_ (sandy mud flats of Port Famine). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

9. TELLINIDES ROSACEA.

_T. testa subtrigona, planulata, striis concentricis creberrimis; long.
6/8; lat. 1-5/16; poll._

_Habitat ad littora Brasiliae_ (Santos). _Mus. nost._

10. VENUS INFLATA.

_V. testarotundata, concentrice substriata, albente, intus alba, lunula
obsoleta; long. 1-9/16; lat. 1-5/8; poll._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico_ (Port Famine). _Mus. nost._

11. VENUS ANTIQUA.

_V. testa sub-ovali, convexiuscula, creberrime cancellata, sub-fusca,
intus albida; lunula cordata; long. 2-5/8; lat. 3; poll._

_Obs. in junioribus, striis transversis concentricis elevatis, acutis._

_Habitat ad littora occidentalia Patagoniae_ (Gulf of Penas and its vicinity). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

12. ARCA ANGULATA.

_A. testa transversa, subcordato-quadrata, intus fusco-violascente;
latere antico producto, elevato, undulatim lamellato, postico
rotundato; umbonibus valde remotis, area cardinali maxima, striata;
margine hiante; long. 1-1/8; lat. 1-7/8; poll._

_Habitat ad_ Juan Fernandez. _Mus. nost._

This shell was dredged up from 80 fathoms water in the offing of Cumberland Bay, at Juan Fernandez; it was attached to a branch of coral.

The hinge is broad and smooth, with distinct markings; the gape is rather wide, and the anterior part of the shell rises rather elegantly, like the stern of some Indian canoes, and in all the specimens but one, terminates in a point. The one above {549} described has a rounded form; the bows or front being rather elegantly and finely lamellated in a wavy form; the colour of the hinge is red, and the inside is generally of a brownish purple; in some it has a more yellow tinge.

13. ARCA PECTINOIDES.

_A. testa auriculata, cordata, ventricosa, multi-costata, transversim
striata, alba, epidermide rufo nigricante, pilosa; umbonibus
sub-approximatis, incurvatis, margine crenulato; long. 1; lat. 1-2/8;
poll._

_Habitat ad_ Rio de Janeiro. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

14. NUCULA STRIATA.

_N. testa striata, subtumida, crassa, sub-trigona, alba; latere antico
productiori, sub-rostrato; long. 9/32; lat. 3/8; poll._

_Habitat in mari alto circa oras Patagonicas. Mus. nost._

Taken by a dredge in 40 fathoms water, 20 miles from the coast of South America, in the neighbourhood of Port Sta Elena.

15. MODIOLA SINUOSA.

_M. testa ventricosa, subovata, longitudinaliter striata; intus
iridescente, margine sinuoso, epidermide fusca; long. 7/16; lat. 14/16
fere; poll._

_Habitat ad littora Brasiliae_ (Santos). _Mus. nost._

16. PECTEN PATACHONICUS.

_P. testa sub-aequivalvi, brunnea, longitudinaliter creberrime
elevato-radiata; intus albida, longitudinaliter sub-radiata; long.
2-4/8; lat. 2-4/8; poll._

_Obs. auribus inaequalibus._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico passim. Mus. nost._

17. PECTEN VITREUS.

_P. testa subaequivalvi, translucente, longitudinaliter multi-sulcata;
sulcis convexis flavidulis, valva inferiore pallidiori; long. 1-9/16;
lat. 1-4/8; poll._

_Obs. Auribus inaequalibus._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico passim. Mus. nost._

This shell is found attached to the leaves of the _Fucus giganteus_, and, with other _Mollusca_, is the food of the Steamer or Race-horse Duck (_Micropterus brachypterus and M. Patachonicus_). {550}

18. TEREBRATULA FLEXUOSA.

_T. testa rotundato-cordata, gibba, sub-fusca, longitudinaliter
creberrime sulcata; margine valde flexuoso; long. 1-3/8; lat. 1-4/8
paulo minus; poll._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico_ (Port Famine). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This shell, which was dredged up from deep water in the bay of Port Famine, attached to stones, is not a common shell in the Strait.

19. TEREBRATULA SOWERBII.

_T. testa subrotunda, planiuscula, subfusca, longitudinaliter radiatim
transversim substriata, medio superne depressa, infra convexa,
subglabra; margine utrinque crenulato, medio glabro; long. 1-7/16; lat.
7/16 paulo plus; alt. 11/16 poll._

_Habitat in freto Magellanico. Mus. nost., Geo. Sowerby._

20. CHITON SETIGER.

_C. testa ovali, antice subattenuata; valvis subdentatis, tenuiter
concentrice striatis, antica 10-radiata, postica laevi, parvula; areis
lateralibus striis duabus elevatis marginalibus; ligamento marginali
laevigato, setigero; long. 2-3/8; lat. 1-3/8; poll._

_Habitat ad oras insulae_ Tierra del Fuego _et in freto Magellanico. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

Shell ovate, rather attenuated towards the anterior end, generally of a light blue-green colour, variegated with markings of dark slate. Valves slightly beaked with minute concentric striae, the lateral compartments with two marginal ridges, which in some specimens are granulose, in others smooth. The anterior valve has eight, besides two marginal, ridges of the same character; the posterior valve is very small and smooth. Border coriaceous, and set with bristles produced from three rows of tufts or pores. In some of the specimens in my possession the bristles are rubbed off.

The shell is found in all parts of the shores of Tierra del Fuego, particularly on its seaward coast, and the western parts of the Strait of Magalhaens.

21. CHITON BOWENII.

_C. testa oblongo-ovata, castaneo-rufa; dorso elevato; valvis
subdentatis, sublaevibus concentrice tenuiter striatis; areis
lateralibus radiatim sulcatis; ligamento marginali granuloso, nigro;
long. 3-2/8; lat. 1-1/2; poll._

{551}

_Habitat ad oras insulae_ Tierra del Fuego _et in freto Magellanico. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

Shell oblong-ovate, and generally of a chestnut red, and the granulose ligament black; the colour of the younger specimens is more brilliant, and sometimes interspersed with yellow. Middle valves slightly toothed, and very delicately lineated, the lines forming an obtuse angle in the direction of the axis of the shell; the lateral compartments are marked with deeper striaea or grooves, radiating from the upper angle to the base, which, crossing the transverse markings of the valve, have a reticulated appearance: the anterior and posterior valves are radiated with fine lines.

This Chiton was discovered by Mr. Bowen, surgeon of the Beagle, by whom it was presented to me. The specimen was sent home among a collection of Natural History, transmitted in the year 1827.

22. FISSURELLA COARCTATA.

_F. testa ovata, antice attenuata, elevata; radiis frequentibus
elevatis; interne virescenti; foraminis margine externo juxta medium
coarctato, subdentato; long 2-5/16; lat. 1-13/16; alt. 14/16; poll._

_Habitat ad Portum_ Praya. _Mus. Brit., nost._

23. HELIX TRANSLUCENS.

_H. testa subglobosa, translucente, levissime transversim striata;
anfractu basali linea longitudinali castanea sub-media ornato; long.
17/32; lat. 9/16; poll._

_Habitat ad_ Rio de Janeiro. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

24. HELIX PUSIO.

_H. testa rotundo-complanata, creberrime striata, translucente, maculis
castaneo-rufis ornata; long. 1/16; lat. 3/16; poll._

_Habitat ad_ Juan Fernandez. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

25. HELICINA SORDIDA.

_H. testa globoso-conoidea; anfractibus rotundatis longitudinaliter
striatis; operculo castaneo; long. 2/8 paulo plus; lat 5/16 paulo plus;
poll._

_Habitat ad_ Rio de Janeiro. _Mus. Brit., nost._

The colour of this shell is of a dirty yellowish white, with a slight tinge of diaphanous violet within the margin of the lip.

26. PUPA SUBDIAPHANA.--No. 194. MSS.

_P. testa cylindracea, alba, subdiaphana, transversim creberrime
substriata; long. 4/8 paulo minus; lat. 3/16 paulo minus; poll._

{552}

_Habitat ad Portum_ Praya. (Cape Verd Islands.) _Mus. Brit., nost._

27. BULINUS GRAVESII.

_B. testa subventricosa, longitudinaliter subrugosa, sub-albida,
fusco-maculata, spira longitudinaliter striata; long. 1-4/8; lat. 13/16
paulo minus; poll._

_Habitat ad_ Valparaiso. _Mus. nost._

I have named the shell after my shipmate and friend, Lieutenant Thomas Graves, whose zeal and assiduity in assisting and increasing my collections of Natural History was as unwearied as the alacrity and ability which he displayed in the primary and more important objects of the voyage, of which, in his Majesty's ship Adventure, he filled the appointment of assistant surveyor. To Lieutenant Graves I am principally indebted for my land-shells, and I therefore take the opportunity of recording the valuable assistance he rendered me during the whole period of his serving under my command.

28. BULINUS GRAVESII, var.

_B. testa subpyramidali, scabra, albida, aliquando lineolis raris;
epidermide lutescente; long. 1-9/16; lat. 11/16 paulo plus. poll._

_Habitat ad_ Valparaiso. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This is certainly a variety of No. 27, Bulinus Gravesii.

29. BULINUS DENTATUS.

_B. testa cylindracea, punctata, sub-diaphana, fusco maculata; apertura
dentata, clausiliam mentiente; long. 15/16; lat. 5/16; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Brasiliae_ (St. Catherine). _Mus. Brit., nost._

30. BULINUS LUTESCENS.--No. 140. MSS.

_B. testa obovata, ventricosa, subscabra, lutescente; long. 1-1/8; lat.
11/16; poll._

_Habitat ad Maldonado_ (Gorriti). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

31. BULINUS CORRUGATUS.--No. 941 MSS.

_B. testa subalbida, transversim et longitudinaliter rugoso-striata,
maculis fuscis, obsoletis; apertura purpurascente; columella nigricante
purpurea; long. 1-6/8 paulo plus; lat. 13/16; poll._

_Habitat ad_ Concepcion. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

The body-whorl of the older specimens of this shell is rather roughly striated or wrinkled, the last but one slightly so, and the remaining whorls are quite smooth. The colour is whitish, with {553} purple spots more or less obsolete: the old specimens are sometimes of a dull yellowish white. A specimen is deposited in the British Museum.

The young shells of this species are of a whitish brown, with darker coloured striae. They are very fragile and semi-transparent.

32. BULINUS SORDIDUS.--No. 803 MSS.

_B. testa pyramidali, transversim striata, fusca; anfractu basali ad
suturam subalbido, linea subcentrica pallida; labii vix reflexi margine
albo; long. 1-15/16; lat. 7/8 poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam_ (Rio de Janeiro). _Mus. nost._

33. BULINUS MULTICOLOR.[214]--No. 791 MSS.

_B. testa ovato-pyramidali, longitudinaliter et transversim creberrime
substriata, luteo-fusca maculis albis et purpureo-atris fucata; labio
roseo subreflexo; columella subalbida, apertura intus subatropurpurea;
long. 1-5/16; lat. 9/16; poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam. Mus. nost., Geo. Sowerby._

33.* BULINUS ROSACEUS.

_B. testa ovato-oblonga, scabriuscula; apice et anfractibus primis,
rosaceis, caeteris viridi-fuscis; labro albo; suturis crenulatis seu
plicatis; long. 2-1/8; lat. 1; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Americae meridionalis_ (Chile). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod., Geo. Sowerby, &c._

Soon after the return of the expedition, my friend Mr. Broderip, to whose inspection Lieutenant Graves had submitted his collection, observing symptoms of life in some of the shells of this species, took means for reviving the inhabitants from their dormant state, and succeeded. After they had protruded their bodies, they were placed upon some green leaves, which they fastened upon and ate greedily. These animals had been in this state for seventeen or eighteen months, and five months subsequently another was found alive in my collection, so that this last had been nearly two years {554} dormant. The shells were all sent to Mr. Loddige's nursery, where they lived for eight months, when they unfortunately all died within a few days of each other. Soon after the shells were first deposited at Mr. Loddige's, one got away, and escaped detection for several months, until it was at last discovered in a state of hybernation; it was removed to the place where the others were kept, when it died also. The upper surface of the animal when in health is variegated with ruddy spots and streaks on an ash-coloured ground.

34. PARTULA FLAVESCENS.

_P. testa subfusiformi, pallide flava, interdum castanea vel flavo et
castaneo varia; long. 11/16; lat. 5/16 paulo plus; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Americae meridionalis_ (Valparaiso). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This shell varies in its colour almost as much as _Bulinus citrinus_.

35. ACHATINA DONELLII.--No. 413 MSS.

_A. testa subalbida, transversim substriata, anfractu basali
ventricosa; long. 7/16 paulo plus; lat. 2/8; poll._

_Habitat ad Lima._ _Mus. nost._

36. ACHATINA DIAPHANA.

_A. testa subcylindracea, diaphana, transversim striata; long. 5/16;
lat. 5/32; poll._

_Habitat ad insulam_ Juan Fernandez, _in montibus._ _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

37. ACHATINA STRIGATA.--No. 462 MSS.

_A. testa diaphana, subalbida, creberrime transversim substriata,
strigis longitudinalibus castaneis raris; anfractu basali subangulato;
long. 11/16 paulo plus; lat. 6/16 paulo minus; poll._

_Habitat in paludibus Brasiliae_ (Santo Paulo). _Mus. nost._

38. ACHATINA SORDIDA.--No. 798 MSS.

_A. testa subdiaphana, subconica, anfractu basali ventricoso; long. 6/8
paulo plus; lat. 3/8 paulo plus; poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam_ (Rio de Janeiro). _Mus. nost._

39. ACHATINA SELLOVII.

_A. testa cylindracea transversim striata subdiaphana; long. 5/16; lat.
2/16; poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam_ (St. Catherine). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This shell, which I found at the city of Nossa Sen^a. de Estero, {555} I have dedicated to my friend, Dr. Sellow, whose researches in Natural History for several years past in the interior of Brazil, are well known to the scientific world.

40. SUCCINEA FRAGILIS.

_S. testa ovato-acuta, diaphana, ventricosa, transversim striata,
oblique subrugosa; spira brevi; long. 9/16 paulo minus; lat. 6/16;
poll._

_Habitat ad insulam_ Juan Fernandez. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

41. SUCCINEA PATULA.

_S. testa diaphana, ovato-rotundata, ventricosissima, transversim
creberrime striata; spira brevissima; apertura patula; long. 4/8 paulo
plus; lat. 3/8 paulo plus; poll._

_Habitat ad insulam_ Juan Fernandez.

MARINULA. _Nov. Genus._

_Character Genericus._

_Testa ovato-producta, sub-solida; apertura ovata, integra; columella bidentata, et basin versus uniplicata; dentibus magnis sub-remotis conniventibus, superiore maximo; operculum nullum._

42. MARINULA PEPITA.

_M. testa ovato-producta, viridi-fusca; anfractibus sub-tumidis; spira
brevi; apertura nigricante; dentibus plicaque albidis; long. 7/16; lat.
4/16; poll._

_Habitat ad insulam_ Chiloe. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod., G. Sowerby_.

This animal, which I have thought it necessary to assign to a new genus, appears to have for its nearest neighbours the genera Auricula and Pedipes. It was found on the wooden piles which support the mole in the Bay of San Carlos, in Chiloe, below the wash of the high water. The mole stands out into the sea, and there is no fresh water near it, save a very little rill, which discharges its tiny stream more than fifty yards off.

43. LYMNAEA DIAPHANA.--No. 349 MSS.

_L. testa turrita, transversim substriata, anfractibus ventricosis;
long. 11/16; paulo plus; lat. 5/16; poll._

_Habitat ad fretum Magellanicum_ (Cape Gregory). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

This shell was found in the fresh-water ponds in the neighbourhood of Cape Gregory, which is on the continental side of the eastern end of the Strait of Magalhaens. {556}

44. AMPULLARIA CUMINGII.

_A. testa globosa, transversim striata, subalbida, longitudinaliter
castaneo-lineata et fasciata, epidermide virescente; umbilico parvo;
lat. 1-7/16; long. 1-6/16; poll._

_Habitat in Sinu Panamae_; (island of Saboga, in a small hill-stream). _Mus. Brit, nost., Brod._

From Mr. Cuming's collection. I have named this shell after Mr. Cuming, from whom I received it.

45. NATICA GLOBOSA.

_N. testa globosa, tenui, ventricosissima, cornea, vel subalbida,
subtilissime striata; spira brevi; umbilico parvo; operculo valde
tenui; long. 15/16 paulo plus; lat. 7/8; poll._

_Habitat ad fretum Magellanicum_ (Cape Gregory). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

46. NATICA CASTANEA.

_N. testa ovato-acuta castanea, albo-lineata; apertura mediocri;
columella valde callosa; umbilico mediocri; long. 13/16; lat. 21/32;
poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliae; oras, circa_ Santos. _Mus. nost._

47. TURBO LUGUBRIS.

_T. testa nigricante, striata; apertura argentea; labri margine nigra,
subcrenulata; operculo valde lapidoso, albo; long. 2-1/8; lat. 2-2/8
fere; poll._

_Habitat ad Sinum_ Penas. _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

48. ODONTIS SUBPLICATA.

_O. testa granuloso-striata, viridi-fusca, nigro maculata; umbilico
mediocri; labri margine sub-plicato; long. 10/16; lat. 13/16 paulo
plus; poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam_ (Rio de Janeiro). _Mus. Brit., nost._

49. LITTORINA FLAVA.

_L. testa longitudinaliter striata, sub-flava; spira brevi; anfractu
basali ventricoso; columellae purpurascentis margine et apertura
sub-flava; operculo nigricante; long. 5/8 paulo plus; lat. 7/16 poll._

_Habitat ad Brasiliam_ (Rio de Janeiro). _Mus. Brit., nost._

In young shells there are a few obscure reddish brown streaks crossing the striae.

50. LITTORINA PERDIX.

_L. testa striis elevatis balteata, albida, fusco-maculata, striis
interstitialibus minus elevatis, ambabus sub-cancellatis; apertura
alba, {557} labri margine tenui, castaneo-maculata; long. 13/16; lat.
17/32 poll._

_Habitat? Mus. nost._

51. LITTORINA STRIATA.

_L. testa ovato-conica, fusca, striis elevatis scabra; spira brevi;
anfractu basali tumido; apertura nigricante, basin versus striga
luteoalba ornata; labri margine crenulato albo-fulvido; operculo nigro;
long. 4/8 paulo plus; lat. 7/16 fere; poll._

_Habitat in Mari Atlantico boreali_ (Port Praya). _Mus. Brit., nost._

52. MARGARITA FASCIATA, n. s.

_M. testa albida, creberrime striata, purpureo fasciata, apertura
argentea; long. 4/16; lat. 5/16 fere; poll._

_Habitat in Mari Pacifico. Mus. nost._

Portions of the striated surface are elevated into belts, which are of a purple colour.

53. MARGARITA VIOLACEA.

_M. testa sub-ovata, violacea, spira brevi; anfractibus tumidis;
apertura iridescente; long. 7/16; lat. 8/16 fere; poll._

_Habitat ad fretum Magellanicum. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

Of this shell the Indians make their necklaces; it is found adhering to the leaves of the Fucus giganteus, and is the principal food of the Steamer or Racehorse Duck (_Micropterus Patachonicus_, nob. in Proceedings of the Zoological Society, December 14, 1830, page 15).

54. MARGARITA COERULESCENS.

_M. testa sub-complanata, coerulea, striata, albido-lineata, apertura
iridescente; lat. 13/16 fere; long. 15/16; poll._

_Habitat ad fretum Magellanicum (Cape Gregory). Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

55. TURRITELLA TRICARINATA.

_T. testa turrita, anfractibus tricarinatis; carinis nodulosis; long.
1-5/8; lat. 9/16 paulo minus; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Americae meridionalis_ (Valparaiso). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

The _Carinae_ are nodulous, or twisted like the strands of a rope; the twists of the upper _carina_ are in the direction of a water-laid, {558} or right-handed rope, and those of the two lower _carinae_ are in the opposite direction, or like what is termed a hawser-laid rope. Between these nodulous _carinae_ are elevated lines, and the base is very strongly striated. Found in deep water in the Bay of Valparaiso. Dead shells of this species are occasionally found thrown upon the beach, near the Almendral.

56. TURRITELLA NODULOSA.

_T. testa elongato-turrita; anfractibus striatis; striis duabus maximis
subnodulosis; long. 1-11/16; lat. 7/16 fere; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. Brit., nost._

The two large _striae_, which are remarkable for the nodules, are not far from the middle of each whorl, and generally are nearer the upper suture: of these the lowest is the largest.

57. MUREX SALEBROSUS.

_M. testa elongato-ovata, subalbida, fasciis fuscis, epidermide
cinerea; spira brevi; anfractibus angulatis, nodulosis; apertura
oblonga ad basin angusta, castanea, intus alba; labro interne
denticulato, dentibus obtusis albis; columella recta, laevi; canali
brevi; long. 3-7/16; lat. 2; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. nost., Geo. Sowerby._

This species approaches _Murex vitulinus_ very nearly; the body-whorl is very much elongated, and the nodules which mark the angles of the whorl are formed of the more elevated parts of what may be termed coarse longitudinal plaits.

58. MUREX RHODOCHEILUS.

_M. testa ventricosa, alba, fasciis elevatis striatis; septemfariam
varicosa, varicibus roseis denticulatis; apertura rotundata, rosea,
intus albida; labri margine asperrime denticulato; cauda mediocri,
sub-recurva; long. 3-13/16; lat. 2-7/16; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. nost._

59. TRITON RANELLIFORMIS.

_T. testa ovato-fusiformi, subdepressa, albida fusco fasciata, costata;
costis granulosis, interstitiis striatis; apertura subrotunda, albida;
columella subrugosa; labro interne obtuse denticulato; margine
undulato; epidermide viridi-fusca, scabra; long. 3-3/16; lat. 1-6/8;
poll._

_Habitat ad Sinum Penas et oram occidentalem Americae meridionalis. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

{559}

The denticules of the outer lip are ranged in pairs, at regular and somewhat distant intervals.

60. TRITON SCABER.

_T. testa ovato-acuta, cancellata; spira elongata; epidermide fusca,
setosa; apertura alba granulosa; labro interne obtuse denticulato;
long.; lat.; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Americae meridionalis_ (Valparaiso). _Mus. nost._

The denticules of the inner lip are more elevated than those of the last (T. ranelliformis), and are equidistant. It was fished up with the anchor in Valparaiso Bay.

61. MONOCEROS FUSOIDES.

_M. testa ventricosa, spira mediocri, anfractibus bicarinatis; anfractu
basali lineis elevatis admodum distantibus cincto; apertura patula;
dente labiali brevi, lato, obtuso; canali producto, recto, integro;
operculo corneo; long. 2-3/4; lat. 1-5/8; poll._

_Habitat ad oras Americae meridionalis_ (Concepcion). _Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

Approaching Fusus in its elongated and entire canal, while its exterior lip has the labial tooth which distinguishes _Monoceros_. The columella is not straight, as in all the other species, but curved, so as to make an angle in some specimens at the commencement of the canal, and in all it becomes very broad at the point where it is opposite to the tooth. The shell is of a reddish colour, ventricose, and girt with elevated lines, about a quarter of an inch apart. The spire has only two of these lines on each whorl, and has a bicarinated appearance. The aperture is wide, the outer lip sinuous, its tooth short, broad, and obtuse, and the operculum horny. The shell is seldom found in a perfect state, the beak being generally broken off, and the surface is, in all the specimens that I have seen, covered with a calcareous encrustation, entirely concealing the colours.

62. BUCCINUM MURICIFORME.

_B. testa ovato-fusiformi, cinerea; anfractibus tumidis, costellatis,
costellis cancellatis; apertura castaneo-nigricante; labri margine
crenulato. Muricem mentiens; long. 1; lat. 9/16; poll._

_Habitat ad fretum Magellanicum. Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

The eggs of this species were found, and are preserved in spirits.

{560}

63. BUCCINUM SQUALIDUM.

_B. testa conico-fusiformi, fusca; anfractu basali ventricoso; spira
mediocri; apertura fusca, lutescenti, patula; long. 1-15/16; lat.
1-1/8; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

64. BUCCINUM DEFORME.

_B. testa ovata, subponderosa, subalbida, fasciis duabus fuscis
obscuris; spira brevi; anfractu basali subdepresso, suturam versus
crasso; columella valde callosa; long. 1-9/16; lat. 1 paulo plus;
poll._

_Habitat ad flumen Plata_ (Gorriti). _Mus. Brit., nost._

The eggs of this shell, contained in a transparent orbicular nidus, the size of a turtle's egg, were found thrown up on the sea-beach of the island. In the month of January they were observed in all stages of growth. A series was preserved in spirits, and presented to the College of Surgeons.

65. COLUMBELLA MITRIFORMIS.

_C. testa fusiformi, luteo-rufescente, fasciis nigro-castaneis, maculis
albis tessellata; long. 7/16; lat. 3/16; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. Brit., nost., Brod._

66. MITRA PUSILLA.

_M. testa ovato-acuta, ventricosa, fulva, creberrime costata; costis
interstitiisque striatis, basi granulosa; spira brevi, anfractibus
suturam supereminentibus; columella quinque-plicata; long. 5/8; lat.
5/16 paulo plus; poll._

_Habitat? Mus. nost._

The denticules of the outer lip are arranged in pairs, at regular, and somewhat distant, intervals.

67. VOLUTA.

A fragment of a turbinated shell, bearing marks more assignable to Voluta than to any other genus, was found on the sea-beach in the neighbourhood of Cape Fairweather, on the east coast of Patagonia, in latitude 51-1/2deg south. The remains appear to differ from _Voluta Ancilla_ and _V. Brasiliana_.

* * * * *

{561}

COPIES OF ORDERS.

------

His Majesty's surveying vessel Adventure, Sea Bear Bay.

SIR; 27th March 1829.

It is my direction, that when finally parting company from me, you proceed to the execution of the following orders, in company with the Adelaide schooner, the commander of which, upon our meeting him, will receive instructions to put himself under your command.

You will, as soon as possible, make the best of your way to Port Famine, stopping at Pecket Harbour to communicate with the Indians, should they be there, for the purpose of securing a supply of guanaco meat for the ship's company.

At Port Famine you will immediately detach Lieutenant Skyring, with a boat and boat's crew, in the Adelaide, to co-operate with Lieutenant Graves in surveying the Magdalen Channel and its communication with the sea; after which you will direct him to rejoin you, by the Barbara Channel, at Port Gallant, whither you will proceed, after completing your water at Port Famine; on your way to which, if you should have an opportunity, the following bays, on the south side of the Strait, might be planned, viz. Lyell Bay, Cascade Bay, San Pedro Bay, and Freshwater Bay (or Cove). The coast also to the west of the Barbara Channel, behind the islands of Charles and Ulloa, should be examined; and of the northern arm of the Jerome Channel, called in the chart, Indian Sound, we know nothing.

If, after the return of the Adelaide, you should find the weather so favourable as to permit your extending your exploration of those parts of the Strait which are yet unknown to us, you will remain for that purpose; but, at all events, you are to leave the Strait by the middle of June, or the first of July at latest, and repair with the Adelaide to San Carlos, at the north end of Chiloe, where you will find or hear of me, by the 10th of August. {562}

In performing the above orders you will act as you may consider best for their most effectual execution, keeping in mind that the most desirable part is the survey of the Magdalen Channel.

From our experience, last year, of the weather during the months of April and May, I am in hopes of your being able to work during those months, with success; but should you meet with bad weather, you will be most careful in not exposing your people unnecessarily to the severity of the climate.

Upon detaching the Adelaide you will appoint Lieutenant Skyring to the superintendence of the service upon which she is sent, giving Lieutenant Graves instructions to that effect accordingly.

I have, &c.
(Signed) PHILLIP PARKER KING,
Commander and Senior Officer.

* * * * *

His Majesty's surveying sloop Beagle, Port Famine.

SIR; April 19, 1829.

In obedience to the orders I have received from Commander Phillip Parker King, senior officer of the Expedition for the survey of a part of South America, it is my direction that you proceed immediately, in the Adelaide schooner, to survey as much of the Magdalen Channel and the Strait or Channel of Santa Barbara as you find practicable at this season of the year.

If, in the execution of this service, you should find the season too much advanced to proceed without much risk to the vessel, or exposing yourself and the men to much bad weather, you will give up the design, and hasten to Port Gallant.

Should the Beagle not be in Port Gallant at your return, and no letter left for you in a bottle, you will wait there one week, and then return to Port Famine. At all events, you will endeavour to rejoin the Beagle before the first week in June has ended.

I have, &c.
(Signed) ROBERT FITZ-ROY,
Commander.

To Lieut. Wm. Geo. Skyring,
His Majesty's sloop Beagle.

* * * * *

{563}

SIR; Beagle, Port Famine, 19th April 1829.

In obedience to the orders I have received from Captain King, it is my direction that you put yourself under the orders of Lieut. Skyring, and proceed with him as he may think best for the execution of the service upon which he is ordered, and in which you will give him every assistance that you can afford.

Mr. Kirke, with a boat and boat's crew, will be sent to assist you.

I have, &c.
(Signed) ROBERT FITZ-ROY,
Commander.

To Lieut. Thos. Graves,
Commanding His Majesty's schooner Adelaide.

* * * * *

SIR; Beagle, Port Gallant, 19th June 1829.

It is my direction that you put yourself under the orders of Lieutenant Skyring, and co-operate with him in the execution of the service on which he is about to be employed.

Mr. Kirke, with a boat and five men, will be sent to assist.

I have, &c.
(Signed) ROBERT FITZ-ROY.

To Lieut. Thos. Graves, Commander.
His Majesty's schooner Adelaide.

* * * * *

SIR; Beagle, Port Gallant, June 19th 1829.

It is my direction that as soon as you consider the rates of the chronometer on board the Adelaide sufficiently settled, you proceed in her to search for, and, if practicable at this season of the year, survey such part of the passage which is supposed to lead from the vicinity of Cape Tamar to Concepcion Strait and the Gulf of Trinidad, as your time and provisions will allow.

Your chief object will be to open a passage from Cape Three Points to Cape Tamar, between the mass of islands which lie between those capes. {564}

When to the northward of Cape Tamar, and before reaching as far north as Oracion Bay, or the latitude of 52deg 6', should you notice an opening to the eastward, with a current or stream of tide setting through it, and an appearance of its joining another body of water, of considerable extent, you will endeavour to ascertain whether it communicates with the Skyring Water, provided that, in so doing you do not turn from your chief object more than a few days.

In the execution of the above orders you will act as you may consider best for the service of his Majesty; and if, at any time before its completion, you find your provisions getting short, the climate too severe, or yourself, or those under your orders, in bad health, you will immediately make the best of your way to Chiloe.

You will endeavour to be at San Carlos, in the island of Chiloe, before the 20th of September, and will let nothing that can be avoided detain you beyond that time.

I have, &c.
(Signed) ROBERT FITZ-ROY,
Commander.

To Lieutenant Wm. Geo. Skyring,
His Majesty's sloop Beagle.

* * * * *

By Phillip Parker King, Esq., Commander of His Majesty's surveying
vessel Adventure, and Senior Officer of an Expedition for the survey of
a part of South America.

As soon as you shall have completed the rates of your chronometers and be otherwise ready, it is my direction that you proceed to sea in His Majesty's sloop under your command, to survey the sea-coast of Tierra del Fuego, from Cape Pillar to the east entrance of the Strait of Magellan, in the progressive examination of which you will be guided by the state of the weather, and other circumstances, keeping in view that the most interesting part of the coast is that portion between Christmas Sound and the Strait Le Maire, particularly the openings of New Year Sound and Nassau Bay, and the openings to the eastward of the latter as far as New Island; as there is reason to believe that there is a considerable body of water to the eastward of the termination of Admiralty {565} Sound, communicating with the sea by some one if not many openings in the neighbourhood of Nassau Bay, and with an outlet on the N.E. coast (St. Sebastian Channel); and as the existence of such a strait would be of the greatest importance to small vessels bound to the westward round Cape Horn, you will see it fitting not to spend so much time to the westward of Cape Noir as may in the least impede the determination of the question, or prevent it being completely explored. It is my intention to be at Port Famine by the 1st of April, and at Rio de Janeiro by the 1st June, calling in my way at Monte Video, or Gorriti, for chronometrical observations; and if can, conveniently, I shall also go to Port Desire for the same purpose. But as it is at present uncertain what orders I may find for me at Valparaiso, you are to act according to your own discretion, so that you arrive at Rio by the 20th of June to rejoin me.

Given under my hand, on board the Adventure, at St. Carlos de Chiloe, November 18th, 1829.

PHILLIP P. KING, Commander.

To Robert Fitz-Roy, Esq.,
Commander of H.M.S. Beagle.

* * * * *

By Phillip Parker King, Esq., Commander of His Majesty's surveying
vessel Adventure, and Senior Officer of an Expedition for the survey of
a part of South America.

As soon as the Adelaide Tender is ready, you will proceed to sea, in the execution of the following orders:--

As your principal object will be to trace the main-land from the peninsula of Tres Montes to the southward, by penetrating into all the openings that lead easterly, you will commence at the Channel Mouths, and explore them to their termination.

In the event of their affording a communication with the Gulf of Trinidad, and your having time, you will examine the channels that you have reported to exist in the neighbourhood of Neesham Bay, so as to complete the Fallos Channel, which separates Campana from the land within it.

Should the Channel Mouths not afford the expected termination, you will proceed through the Mesier or Fallos Channels, in {566} which, and in the channels more to the southward, you will explore all openings leading into the interior, and, if possible, not lose sight of the main-land until you reach the Strait of Magellan; by doing which it is expected, from the results of your last survey, that you will pass through the Skyring and Otway Waters, and enter the Strait by the Jerome Channel. The above being the principal object of your operations, you will take every opportunity of examining all other interesting parts of the coast, in the vicinity of your anchorages, among which the following seem to be of most interest:--

The Guaianeco Islands, and the probable place of the Wager's wreck, which would seem to be to the southward of, and not far from the Dundee Rock of your former survey.

If time afforded, it would be interesting to lay down the shores of Concepcion Strait; also to examine the deep opening on the west side of St. Estevan Channel, in the latitude of 51deg 8'.

Lord Nelson Strait is also of much interest, and any extension of our knowledge of the land that bounds the western side of Smyth Channel.

But in these you will be guided by your own discretion, keeping in mind the principal object of the present survey, that of tracing the shores of the main-land.