Chapter XVIII (1)

[_The illustrations in this Chapter are by Col. Findlay, C.B. and Capt. Douglas Deans of the C.M.R._]

The Return to Anzac.

Three years in succession the valleys of Anzac were flooded with the crimson poppies of the Aegean Spring. During these three years the New Zealanders in France and Palestine shared in the vicissitudes and the dearly-bought victories of the Allied Armies.

While the soldiers were fighting, some of the politicians of England--a few of whom had been prominent in reducing Army and Navy expenditure before the war--enquired with great deliberation into the rights and wrongs of the Gallipoli campaign. Money that would have been better spent in hand grenades in 1915 was lavishly poured out in trying to discover who was to blame for this and who should be censured for that. It may be said with pride that the people of New Zealand--and the people of Australia, too--did not indulge in recrimination. They knew that the armies were not to blame, and were content to leave it at that.

While commissions investigated ancient history the triumphant Turks erected great monuments on the Peninsula--monuments to commemorate the defeat of the infidels.

* * * * *

But the months slipped by, and nearer and nearer crept the forces enveloping the Central Powers. The Bulgars felt the pressure first. When they finally broke and fled up the Seres Road, our airmen bombed them unmercifully. Caught in their mountain passes, they were killed in thousands by our low-flying planes. So was Bulgaria finally bombed out of the war by British airmen.

On October 26, 1918, British cavalry and armoured cars entered Aleppo and cut the Constantinople-Baghdad railway. On October 29, General Marshall's forces on the Tigris severed the Turkish communications at Mosul. The Turkish armies were everywhere helpless.

One day at the end of October a little launch with General Townshend on board slipped out from Chios down near Smyrna, carrying a white flag. A representative of Vice-Admiral Calthorpe, the British naval commander in the Aegean, conducted the liberated hero of Kut-el-Amara and the fully-accredited representatives of the Turkish Government to Mudros--the Mudros of our rendezvous and of our Rest Camp--where the Turkish representatives signed the Armistice terms, preparatory to an unconditional surrender. This was on the evening of October 30. The Armistice came into effect at noon on the following day.

The end of 1918 saw British and French warships lying off the Golden Horn and British soldiers on guard at the forts of Chanak and Kilid Bahr.

Was it not prophesied that one day a New Zealander would sit on London Bridge and survey the ruins of the metropolis? In the year of grace, 1918, the real modern New Zealanders--with the dust of the desert still on their faded tunics, complete with their wristlet watches and folding kodaks--stand on the famous Galata Bridge and snapshot the imperturbable Turkish boatman who seem but faintly interested in the doom of the Ottoman Empire. There in their old slouch hats stand the war-worn troopers--young crusaders who have contributed their full share to the humbling of those despots who for centuries have been the curse of Western Europe.

Among the troops to re-occupy Gallipoli were the Canterbury Mounted Rifles, who, in December, disembarked at Maidos, and with their comrades of the 7th Australian Light Horse, did not hesitate to sit as conquerors on the giant guns of Kilid Bahr.

Men of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles sitting on a 14-inch gun at Kilid Bahr.]

Up the valley towards Lone Pine they rode, until they came to the Turkish victory monument erected on the site of the famous Australian salient. Then over to Koja Chemen Tepe, to stand in silence where British soldiers had never stood before. This was the moment of triumph: this was the prize for which we had striven in 1915, and now, after all these years, the prize was ours--on the one hand the great forts and Point Nagara running out into the rushing waters of the Narrows; on the other side the great panorama of the Aegean Sea--Samothrace and Imbros in the distance; the Salt Lake and the fatal plains of Suvla; away South, the forbidding hump of Achi Baba; and closer in, the Anzac beaches, Russell's Top, the tangled steeps of Walker's Ridge, The Farm, and the ridge of Chunuk. These men of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles were the triumphant victors, but slowly they rode down the winding ways of dry watercourses looking for the last resting places of brothers and comrades-in-arms. Never a yard but somebody stopped and silently searched for an identification disc.

Notice the luxuriant growth of thistle in the old trench lines.]

And here on the Nek was the great monument erected by the Turks in honour of their victory in December, 1915!

Down the Aghyl Dere where the gallant Overton rests under the shade of the Turkish trees; out to Hill 60 where the white bones lie in heaps; along to Ari Burnu where the graves are thickly crowded; and so to Anzac Cove itself. Here, pathetic beyond words, were the skeletons of old barges and boats--rotting in the smooth white sand once pockmarked by thousands of hurrying feet; here on the sandy beaches the Turk paid the men of Anzac the greatest compliment, for they had wired the beach against another landing! Did not the daredevils say they would come back? Was it not wise to prepare for possibilities? But the soldiers who went so quietly away in December, 1915, chose to come another way as victors.

This is the end of the Gallipoli campaign. The men of New Zealand were there at the start--here they are as the victors at the end.

* * * * *

And now that the struggle is over, now that the great guns of Chanak are silent, and the hillsides once peopled with busy men are again given over to the song birds and the wandering Turkish shepherds--what is the gain to the world? What is the gain to New Zealand?

For assuredly there is some gain? Our eight months struggle--even if it grievously tried us--undoubtedly weakened the military power of the Turks. But it did more. It taught the New Zealander many things. It taught him lessons that stood him in excellent stead on the battlefields of the world. It taught him to respect his own strength and capabilities. For before the war we were an untried and insular people; after Anzac, we were tried and trusted. Before Anzac we had few standards; after Anzac, we knew that, come what may, if it were humanly possible--and often when it seemed almost impossible--New Zealanders would not be found wanting, but would prove irresistible in attack, steadfast and stubborn in defence--and what more can anyone ask of soldiers?

Even as in the war we lost our insularity and found our national spirit, so at Anzac we found our brothers-in-arms, the gallant sons of Australia; and we did our work together--for if the initial "A" stands for Australia, New Zealand furnished the very necessary pivotal consonants. So in the future we must stand together and carry the white man's burden in these Southern Seas.

The design is carried out with shell-cases. The monument itself was knocked down by our troops.]

And if Anzac means suffering, a hopeless longing, aching hearts and a keen sense of loss to many in this land of ours, the gain cannot be measured--for the miner at Quinn's Post did not sweat at the tunnel face in the interests of self; the middies of the picket boats and the men of the trawlers were not working for dividends; the nurses on those hospital ships did not toil the long nights through for praise or notoriety; the women who waited so bravely and patiently at home in hourly dread of the telegraph boy, thought nothing of themselves. One and all made their willing sacrifices for the common good. And that is the message of Anzac to the people of New Zealand: Place the interests of the community before the interests of self, follow in the footsteps of the early pioneers, and make New Zealand a sweeter place for the little children.

Anzac Cove.

(_From Leon Gellert's "Songs of a Campaign"_)

There's a lonely stretch of hillocks:
There's a beach asleep and drear.
There's a battered broken fort beside the sea.
There are sunken trampled graves:
And a little rotting pier:
And winding paths that wind unceasingly.

There's a torn and silent valley:
There's a tiny rivulet
With some blood upon the stones beside its mouth
There are lines of buried bones:
There's an unpaid waiting debt:
There's a sound of gentle sobbing in the South.

January. 1916.

New Zealand Transports of the Main Body.

Port of Numbers
Tons Knots Departure Units on Board Carried
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Maunganui" 7,527 16 Wellington Headquarters Staff. N.Z E.F. 38 Officers
No. 3 Headquarters N.Z. Infantry Brigade 528 Men
Field Troop N.Z.E. 204 Horses
Wellington Infantry Battalion (West Coast Coy.)
N.Z. Mounted Field Ambulance
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Tahiti" 7,585 17 Lyttelton Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regt. 30 Officers
No. 4 Wellington Mounted Rifles Regt. (1 Squadron) 611 Men
Canterbury Infantry Battalion (1 Company) 282 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Ruapehu" 7,885 13 Port Otago Mounted Rifles Regt. (1 Squadron) 31 Officers
No. 5 Chalmers Otago Infantry Battalion (less 2 Companies and 785 Men
Machine Gun Section) 244 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Orari" 6,800 12 Wellington Wellington Mounted Rifles Regt. 16 Officers
No. 6 (East Coast Squadron and 2 Troops) 269 Men
Surplus horses from other transports 728 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Limerick" 6,827 13 Wellington N.Z. Field Artillery Brigade (in part) 21 Officers
No. 7 Wellington Infantry Battalion (No. 7 and 8 495 Men
Platoons) 348 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Star of 6,800 11 Auckland Auckland Mounted Rifles Regt. 30 Officers
No. 8 India" New Zealand Field Ambulance 652 Men
395 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Hawkes 7,207 13 Port Otago Mounted Rifles Regt. (less 1 Squadron) 40 Officers
No. 9 Bay" Chalmers Otago Infantry Battalion (2 Companies and 930 Men
Machine Gun Section) 569 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Arawa" 9,372 12 Wellington Wellington Infantry Battalion (less West Coast 59 Officers
No. 10 Coy. and 7 and 8 Platoons) 1,259 Men
Wellington Mounted Rifles Regt. (less 2 troops) 215 Horses
Field Artillery Brigade (in part)
Signal Troop N.Z.E.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Athenic" 12,234 12 Lyttelton Headquarters Mounted Rifles Brigade 54 Officers
No. 11 Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regt. (2 Squadrons) 1,259 Men
Canterbury Infantry Battalion (less 1 Company) 339 Horses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.Z.T. "Waimana" 10,389 14 Auckland Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment 61 Officers
No. 12 Auckland Infantry Battalion 1,400 Men
N.Z. Signal Company 496 Horses
N.Z. Divisional Train
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In addition to the units mentioned each transport carried the usual details--Naval Transport Officer, Medical Officers, Chaplains, etc. N.Z.T. No. 1 (s.s. "Moeraki") and N.Z.T. No. 2 (s.s. "Monowai") took the Samoan Force in August, 1914.

Transports Carrying the New Zealand and Australian Division from Alexandria to Gallipoli, April 1915.

Name of O.C. Troops. Adjutant
Transport.

"ACHAIA" Major H. Hart Lieut. A. J. Cross
Wellington Battalion Wellington Battalion

Units on Board Wellington Infantry Battalion (2 Companies)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"ITONUS" Lt.-Col. W. G. Malone Capt. M. McDonnell
Wellington Battalion Wellington Battalion

Units on Board Wellington Infantry Battalion (less 2 Companies)
Canterbury Infantry Battalion (2 Companies) ?]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"KATUNA" Major F. Symon Capt. Clyde McGilp
R.N.Z.A. N.Z.F.A.

Units on Board Headquarters Field Artillery Brigade
1st Battery N.Z.F.A.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"LUTZOW" Lt.-Col. A. Plugge Capt. A. G. B. Price
Auckland Battalion Auckland Battalion

Units on Board Divisional Headquarters Auckland Infantry Battalion
Divisional Signal Company (Headquarters and No. 1 Section)
Canterbury Battalion (less 2 Companies)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"GOSLAR" Major F. Fergusson Capt. F. Waite
Royal Engineers N.Z.E.

Units on Board Headquarters Divisional Engineers. N.Z. Engineers
No. 1 Field Company New Zealand Engineers
Headquarters New Zealand Infantry Brigade
No. 1 Field Ambulance, New Zealand Medical Corps
Headquarters No. 2 Company Divisional Train and Details,
N.Z.A.S.C.
Divisional Signal Company (Brigade Section)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"ANNABERG" Lt.-Col. A. Moore Lieut. J. S. Reid
Otago Battalion Otago Battalion

Units on Board Otago Infantry Battalion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"HAIDAR PASHA" Lt.-Col. Pope Capt. R. T. McDonald
16th Battalion 16th Battalion

Units on Board 16th Battalion Australian Infantry
(Headquarters and 3 Companies)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"SEEANGBEE" Major H. R. Carter Capt. C. P. Corsor
15th Battalion 15th Battalion

Units on Board 13th Battalion Australian Infantry (1 Company)
15th Battalion Australian Infantry (2 Companies)
16th Battalion Australian Infantry (1 Company)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"AUSTRALIND" Lt.-Col Cannan Capt. W. C. Willis
15th Battalion 15th Battalion

Units on Board 4th New Zealand Howitzer Battery and Ammunition Column
15th Battalion Australian Infantry (less 2 Companies)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"SEEANGCHUN" Lt.-Col. R. E. Courtney Capt. C. M. H Dare
14th Battalion 14th Battalion

Units on Board Headquarters 4th Australian Infantry Brigade
14th Battalion Australian Infantry
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"CALIFORNIAN" Major I. T. Standish Lieut. C. Carrington
R.N.Z.A. N.Z.F.A.

Units on Board 3rd Battery New Zealand Field Artillery
Ammunition Column, New Zealand Field Artillery Brigade
4th Australian Field Ambulance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"ASCOT" Lt.-Col. G. J. Burnage Capt. J. H. A. Durrant
13th Battalion 13th Battalion

Units on Board 13th Battalion Australian Infantry
(Headquarters and 3 Companies)
4th Australian Company Divisional Train
(Headquarters and Supply Section)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"SURADA" Major F. B. Sykes Lieut. V. Rogers
Royal Artillery R.N.Z.A.

Units on Board 2nd Battery New Zealand Field Artillery
No. 2 Brigade Ammunition Column
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Establishment of Main Body, N.Z.E.F.

=============================================+=============================
| Expeditionary Force
| Main Body, sailed
Units. | October 16th, 1914.
+-----------+---------+-------
| | Other |
| Officers. | Ranks. | Total.
---------------------------------------------+-----------+---------+-------
HEADQUARTERS STAFF | 16 | 68 | 84
| | |
NEW ZEALAND MOUNTED RIFLES BRIGADE-- | | |
Headquarters | 6 | 28 | 34
The Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment | 26 | 523 | 549
The Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment | 26 | 523 | 549
The Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment | 26 | 523 | 549
Field Troop, N.Z.E. | 3 | 74 | 77
New Zealand Signal Troop, N.Z.E. | 1 | 32 | 33
New Zealand Mounted Field Ambulance | 8 | 70 | 78
| | |
NEW ZEALAND INFANTRY BRIGADE-- | | |
Headquarters | 4 | 18 | 22
The Auckland Battalion | 33 | 977| 1,010
The Canterbury Battalion | 33 | 977| 1,010
The Otago Battalion | 33 | 977| 1,010
The Wellington Battalion | 33 | 977| 1,010
| | |
DIVISIONAL TROOPS-- | | |
The Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment | 26 | 523 | 549
| | |
_Divisional Artillery_-- | | |
1st Field Artillery Brigade-- | | |
Headquarters | 5 | 38 | 43
No. 1 Field Battery | 5 | 141 | 146
No. 2 Field Battery | 5 | 141 | 146
No. 3 Field Battery | 5 | 141 | 146
No. 1 Brigade Ammunition Column | 3 | 131 | 134
| | |
_Divisional Signal Service_-- | | |
New Zealand Signal Company (3 Sections) | 4 | 109 | 113
| | |
_Divisional Transport and Supply Units_-- | | |
Divisional Train-- | | |
No. 1 (Divisional Headquarters) Company | 5 | 90 | 95
Army Service Corps (attached to units) | 4 | 125 | 129
| | |
_Divisional Medical Units_-- | | |
New Zealand Field Ambulance No. 1 | 13 | 182 | 195
Dental Surgeons (unattached) | 10 | | 10
| | |
SERVICES AND DEPARTMENTS-- | | |
Veterinary Surgeons (unattached) | 3 | | 3
General Base Depot | 1 | 4 | 5
Army Pay Department | 1 | 5 | 6
Chaplains | 13 | 13 | 26
+-----------+---------+--------
Total | 351 | 7,410 | 7,761
---------------------------------------------+-----------+---------+--------

New Units Raised during Gallipoli Campaign.

Additional Units Formed in New Zealand.
-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+---------
Unit. | Date of |Officers.|Other | Total.
| Despatch. | |Ranks. |
-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+---------
DIVISIONAL TROOPS-- | | | |
_Divisional Artillery_-- | | | |
2nd Field Artillery | | | |
Brigade-- | | | |
Headquarters |12 June, 1915 | 1 | 38 | 39
No. 4 (Howitzer) | | | |
Battery |14 Dec., 1914 | 5 | 141 | 146
No. 5 Field Battery |17 April, 1915| 5 | 141 | 146
No. 6 (Howitzer) Battery |12 June, 1915 | 5 | 141 | 146
(B) Howitzer Battery | | | |
Ammunition Column | | | |
(for No.6 (Howitzer) | | | |
Battery) |12 June, 1915 | 1 | 40 | 41
| | | |
_Divisional Engineers_-- | | | |
No. 2 Field Company, N.Z.E.|17 April, 1915| 6 | 211 | 217
_Divisional Transport & | | | |
Supply Units_-- | | | |
Divisional Train-- | | | |
No. 4 Company |17 April, 1915| 5 | 80 | 85
| | | |
_Divisional Medical | | | |
Units_-- | | | |
New Zealand Field | | | |
Ambulance No. 2 | ... | 10 | 182 | 192
| | | |
SERVICES AND | | | |
DEPARTMENTS-- | | | |
No. 1 Stationary Hospital| 21 May, 1915 | 8 | 86 | 94
No. 2 Stationary Hospital|12 June, 1915 | 8 | 86 | 94
2 Mobile Veterinary | | | |
Sections |14 Dec., 1914 | 2 | 26 | 28
2 Veterinary Sections |14 Dec., 1914 | 4 | 226 | 230
| | | |
Total Additional Units | +---------+-------+----------
formed in New Zealand | | 60 | 1398 | 1458
-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+----------

Additional Units Formed by N.Z.E.F. (Egypt).

-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+----------
| Date of | | Other |
Unit | Formation | Officers| Ranks | Total.
-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+----------
DIVISIONAL TROOPS-- | | | |
_Divisional Artillery_-- | | | |
2nd Field Artillery | | | |
Brigade-- | | | |
Divisional Ammunition |} {| | |
Column |} {| 5 | 233 | 238
(A)Howitzer Battery |} {| | |
Ammunition Column |} {| 1 | 40 | 41
No. 2 Brigade Ammunition |} {| | |
Column |} {| 1 | 46 | 47
No. 3 Brigade Ammunition |} {| 1 | 46 |
Column |} {| 3 | 66 | 69
_Divisional Engineers_-- |} {| | |
Headquarters |} Feb., 1915 {| 2 | 11 | 13
No. I Field Company, N.Z.E.|} {| 6 | 211 | 217
_Divisional Train_-- |} {| | |
No. 2 (New Zealand Infantry|} {| | |
Brigade) Company |} {| 5 | 80 | 85
No. 3 (New Zealand Mounted |} {| | |
Rifles Brigade) Company |} {| 5 | 80 | 85
Total | +---------+-------+----------
TOTAL | | 28 | 767 | 795
-------------------------------+--------------+---------+-------+----------
Main Body | 351 | 7410 | 7761
Units raised during Gallipoli Campaign | 88 | 2165 | 2253
+---------+-------+----------
TOTAL (This does not include reinforcements.) | 439 | 9575 | 10014
==============================================+=========+=======+==========

Reproduced from a faded photograph taken in Egypt, 1914. Those marked with a Star are now deceased.

_Top Row from Left._--*Capt. C. H. J. Brown; Hon. Capt. W. T. Beck; Capt. J. W. Hutchen; Major J. A. Luxford; Lieut. Kettle; Lieut. J. Anderson; *Lieut. J. M. Richmond; Capt. H. M. Edwards; Capt. N. W. B. B. Thorns; *Lieut. C. M. Cazelet; Capt. C. H. Jess, A.I.F.; Capt. R. E. Coningham; Capt. W. P. Farr, A.I.F.; Lieut. Tahu Rhodes; Major J. G. Hughes, D.S.O.

_Second Row._--*Lt.-Col. C. E. Thomas, V.D.; Lt.-Col. N. C. Hamilton; *Lt. Col. R. E. Courtney, V.D., A.I.F.; Lt.-Col. Hon. J. L. Beeston, V.D., A.I.F.; Major H. G. Reid, A.S.C.; Capt. W. S. Berry, A.I.F.; *Capt. G. A. King; Major C. G. Powles; Major A. C. Temperley; Major C. Shawe; Major G. R. Pridham, R.E.; Major E. M. Williams. A.I.F.; Capt. J. E. Hindhaugh, A.I.F.

_Third Row._--Lt.-Col. P. C. Fenwick; Lt.-Col. H. Pope, A.I.F.; Lt.-Col. J. H. Cannan, A.I.F.; Lt.-Col. H. J. Burnage, A.I-F.; Lt.-Col. J. Findlay; *Lt.-Col. W. Meldrum; Lt.-Col. C. E. R. Mackesy; Lt.-Col. J. B. Meredith, A.I.F.; *Lt.-Col. F. M. Rowell, A.I.F.; Lt.-Col. R. T. Sutherland, A.I.F; Lt.-Col. R. M. Stodart, A.I.F.; Lt.-Col. G. N. Johnston, R.A.; *Lt.-Col. A. Moore, D.S.O.; *Lt.-Col. A. Bauchop, C.M.G.; *Lt.-Col. C. M. Begg; *Lt.-Col. W. G. Malone; *Lt.-Col. D. McB. Stewart.

_Sitting._--Lt.-Col. J. P. McGlinn, V.D., A.I.F.; *Col. N. Manders, R.A.M.C.; Lt.-Col. W. G. Braithwaite, D.S.O; Brig.-General A. H. Russell, A.D.C.; Col. E. W. C. Chaytor, T.D.; Major-General Sir Alex. Godley, K.C.M.G., C.B.; Col. H. G. Chauvel, C.M.G., A.I.F.; Col. J. Monash, V.D., A.I.F.; *Lt. Col. F. E. Johnston; Lt.-Col. J. J. Esson; Lt.-Col. A. R. Young.]

The Men of Anzac.

Although this volume deals specifically with the doings of the New Zealanders at Anzac, the Colonials who were there quite recognize that they played only a part in the Great Game. They fully appreciate the magnificent work of the Navy and of their French and British comrades who braved the same dangers, and worked together against the common foe.

The Men of Anzac know that a war correspondent cannot be in three places at once. What he sees he describes, and what he does not see he obviously must collect information about, and cannot do justice to. So perhaps the glory of the Anzac landing was magnified at the expense of the men who landed at Helles. Australians and New Zealanders alike agree that the Helles landing called for a greater show of discipline and self-sacrifice than was needed at Anzac--for Anzac was a surprise landing, Helles was not. But considerations of space, and the fact that volumes have already appeared dealing with the work of our British, French and Indian comrades, precludes full justice being done to their work in these pages.

In our own army there are two groups of soldiers that have to a certain extent been overlooked.

Even in the Colonial Armies we depended for light and a certain amount of leading on British Regular Officers--officers loaned before the war to the Colonial Forces,--and it is right that mention should be made of them here. For what in the days of its infancy would the N.Z. Expeditionary Force have been without the services of Colonel Braithwaite--"Dear Old Bill"--Colonel Johnston of the Gunners; Colonel Pridham of the R.E's; Major Temperley of the Infantry Brigade Staff, and a dozen others? They contributed much more than has been acknowledged to the initial successes of our New Zealand Army.

Of the second group it is difficult to write. It may have been noticed that most of the soldiers mentioned in this volume are men who were killed in action. There is perhaps more in this than meets the eye. For the men killed in action and the mortally wounded are those who put the fear of death into the Turk--men who by their impetuosity and their eagerness to close really established the Anzac front line. This meant personal leadership and absolute contempt for death. These men were often not officers--often they were privates, but natural leaders nevertheless. They were not necessarily university men or large employers of labour--sometimes they were miners and taxi-drivers--they were of the glorious democracy of the Front Line. Anyone, whatever his rank or social standing, could have demonstrated his claim to be a leader of men at Anzac.

We know that the list of decorations does not recognize all the gallant deeds performed on the field of action; and those left alive in the following list of soldiers decorated would be the first to admit that they knew of men long since killed who deserved greater reward. Think of a few of them: Lieut.-Colonel Stewart, of the Canterburys, who died on the day of the landing fighting for Walker's Ridge; Lieut.-Colonel Malone who died on the crest of Chunuk; Lieut.-Colonel Bauchop, mortally wounded in the advance that smashed the Turkish line; Major Statham, impetuous leader of men who died in the forefront of the battle--each of these admittedly heroic souls passed away without receiving a decoration.

And these officers were only worthy of the men in the ranks--men who if they had lived, might have become great and famous soldiers, but who sacrificed themselves thus early in the struggle so that we who survived might carry on: Sergt. Wallace, one of our most promising Rhodes Scholars, who came straight from Oxford to a soldier's death while sapping out in front of Pope's; and the well-beloved Arthur Carbines, who, disregarding the terrors and the dangers on the crest of Chunuk, died so tragically endeavouring to rescue the body of his Colonel, the gallant Malone--these men are typical of the scores who received the small wooden cross which is the only distinction that the gallant thruster is likely to receive; and some do not have even a wooden cross, but die so far forward that they are buried by the Turks in nameless graves and to these is the greatest honour!

New Zealanders decorated and mentioned in despatches.

VICTORIA CROSS.

Corporal Cyril Royston Guyton Bassett, N.Z. Divisional Signal Company:

"For most conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on the Chunuk Bair ridge in the Gallipoli Peninsula on the 7th August, 1915.

After the New Zealand Infantry Brigade had attacked and established itself on the ridge, Corporal Bassett, in full daylight and under a continuous and heavy fire succeeded in laying a telephone-line from the old position to the new one on Chunuk Bair. He had subsequently been brought to notice for further excellent and most gallant work connected with the repair of telephone-lines by day and night under heavy fire."

_London Gazette_, 15th October, 1915.

(Now Lieutenant Bassett, V.C.)]

KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE MOST HONOURABLE ORDER OF THE BATH. (K.C.B.)

Major-General (temp. Lieutenant-General) Sir A. J. Godley, K.C.M.G., General Officer Commanding, N.Z. Expeditionary Force.

KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE. (K.C.M.G.)

Colonel (temp. Brigadier-General) Sir A. H. Russell, General Officer Commanding, N.Z. Division.

COMPANIONS OF THE MOST HONOURABLE ORDER OF THE BATH. (C.B.)

Colonel E. W. Chaytor, N.Z. Staff Corps, New Zealand Expeditionary Force (Staff).

Lieutenant-Colonel J. Findlay, Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment.

Major (temp. Brigadier-General) F. E. Johnston, N.Z. Infantry Brigade (The Prince of Wales's Own, North Staffordshire Regiment).

COMPANIONS OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF SAINT MICHAEL AND SAINT GEORGE. (C.M.G.)

Lieutenant-Colonel W. M. Alderman, Auckland Infantry Battalion (Commonwealth Military Forces).

Lieutenant-Colonel C. M. Begg, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel (temp. Brigadier-General) W. G. Braithwaite, D.S.O., Headquarters, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (Royal Welsh Fusiliers).

Lieutenant-Colonel A. B. Charters, Otago Infantry Battalion.

[_Photo by Bartlett & Andrew._

LIEUT.-COLONEL W. G. BRAITHWAITE, C.M.G., D.S.O.

(Royal Welsh Fusiliers)]

Major (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) J. J. Esson, Staff Headquarters N.Z. Expeditionary Force.

Lieutenant-Colonel P. C. Fenwick, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel J. G. Hughes, D.S.O., Canterbury Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Reverend J. A. Luxford, Chaplain, 3rd Class, N.Z. Chaplains Department.

Lieutenant-Colonel W. Meldrum, D.S.O., Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Parkes, M.D., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel A. Plugge, Auckland Battalion.

Major (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) G. S. Richardson, N.Z. Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieutenant-Colonel F. Symon, N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery).

Lieutenant-Colonel R. Young, Auckland Battalion.

COMPANIONS OF THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER. (D.S.O.)

Major H. E. Avery, No. 1 Company Divisional Train (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Honorary Captain W. T. Beck, N.Z. Ordnance Corps (attached N.Z. Staff Corps).

Major C. H. J. Brown, Canterbury Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Captain A. C. B. Critchey-Salmonson, Canterbury Battalion (Royal Munster Fusiliers).

Major N. S. Falla, N.Z. Field Artillery.

Captain B. S. Finn, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel R. R. Grigor, Otago Mounted Rifles.

Major N. C. Hamilton, N.Z. Army Service Corps (Army Service Corps).

Major Herbert Hart, Wellington Battalion.

Major N. F. Hastings, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Major H. C. Hurst, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Major G. A. King, Headquarters N.Z.M.R, Brigade (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Major Eugene Joseph O'Neill, F.R.C.S., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Captain (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) C. G. Powles, Headquarters, N.Z.M.R. Brigade (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Major G. S. Smith, Otago Battalion.

Major I. T. Standish, N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery).

Major (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) F. B. Sykes, N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal Artillery)

Major W. McG. Turnbull, Otago Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Major Fred Waite, N.Z. Engineers.

Major R. Wyman, Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment.

Major R. Young, Wellington Battalion.

MILITARY CROSS. (M.C.)

Captain L. G. D. Acland, N.Z. Army Service Corps.

Lieutenant W. G. A. Bishop, Otago Infantry Battalion.

Captain D. B. Blair, Canterbury Mounted Rifles, (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieutenant G. R. Blackett, Canterbury Mounted Rifle Regiment.

2nd Lieutenant R. T. R. P. Butler, N.Z. Engineers (Royal Engineers).

Captain G. E. Daniell, N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery)

Reverend P. Dore, Chaplain, 4th Class, N.Z. Chaplains Department.

Captain T. R. Eastwood, Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (The Rifle Brigade, Prince Consort's Own).

Captain T. Farr, N.Z. Field Artillery.

A. Greene, Chaplain, 4th Class (Salvation Army), N.Z. Chaplains Department.

Captain R. N. Guthrie, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Captain P. B. Henderson, Canterbury Infantry Regiment (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Captain G. H. Holland, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

2nd Lieutenant R. McPherson, N.Z. Field Artillery.

Lieutenant A. N. Oakey, N.Z. Engineers.

8/1048 Sergt.-Major A. W. Porteous, Otago Infantry Battalion.

Captain J. M. Richmond, N.Z. Field Artillery (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Captain J. M. Rose, Wellington Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Captain L. M. Shera, N.Z. Engineers.

2nd Lieutenant W. H. Stainton, N.Z. Maori Contingent.

Captain H. Stewart, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Captain N. W. B. B. Thoms, Headquarters N.Z. and A. Division (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieutenant F. K. Turnbull, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant F. M. Twistleton, Otago Mounted Rifles.

Captain J. A. Wallingford, Auckland Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Captain F. A. Wood, Auckland Mounted Rifles (N.Z. Staff Corps).

DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL. (D.C.M.)

4/85a Sergeant A. W. Abbey, N.Z. Engineers.

13/5 Trooper L. J. Armstrong, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

6/884 Sergeant A. A. Atkins, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

10/1731 Private C. R. Barker, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

6/194 Private H. Barlow, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

10/274 Corporal P. H. G. Bennett, Wellington Infantry Battalion

8/1370 Acting Sergeant-Major P. C. Boate, Otago Infantry Battalion.

9/129 Sergeant J. Campbell, Otago Mounted Rifles.

3/317 Private J. F. Cardno, N.Z. Medical Corps.

4/363 Sapper A. L. Caselberg, Signal Troop, N.Z. Engineers.

2/83 Driver N. Clark, N.Z. Field Artillery.

3/158 Private J. Comrie, N.Z. Field Ambulance.

13/606 Private L. Crawford-Watson, N.Z. Medical Corps.

4/506 Sapper B. L. Dignan, Divisional Signal Company, N.Z. Engineers.

2/444 Acting Sergeant C. J. K. Edwards, N.Z. Field Artillery.

4/188a Lance-Corporal F. J. H. Fear, N.Z. Engineers.

6/227 Private A. J. Findlay, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

12/1627 Sergeant J. H. Francis, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

8/465 Quartermaster-Sergeant L. S. L. L. Graham, Otago Mounted Rifles.

7/516 Corporal G. G. Harper, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

7/517 Sergeant R. P. Harper, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

8/872 Sergeant A. G. Henderson, Otago Infantry Battalion.

3/168 Private W. J. Henry, N.Z. Field Ambulance.

2/147 Acting Sergeant J. F. Hill, N.Z. Field Artillery.

4/203a Sapper E. A. Hodges, N.Z. Engineers.

2/115 Bombardier D. C. Inglis, N.Z. Field Artillery.

14/43 Sergeant F. Jenkins, N.Z. Divisional Train.

9/1316 Sergeant J. Little, Otago Mounted Rifles.

10/2228 Private F. Mahoney, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

8/33 Sergeant F. Mitchell, Otago Infantry Battalion.

3/269 Sergeant-Major F. W. Moor, N.Z. Medical Corps.

8/1302 Private R. C. McLeod, Otago Infantry Battalion.

7/764 Trooper D. J. O'Connor, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

10/1307 Private F. O. O'Connor, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

16/407 Private Tau Paranihi, Maori Contingent.

7/583 Trooper H. Pidgeon, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

2/1252 Gunner J. Rankin, N.Z. Field Artillery.

12/1015 Corporal W. J. Reid, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

6/1129 Corporal H. Rhind, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

11/442 Sergeant-Major W. Ricketts, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

6/978 Sergeant W. J. Rodger, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

4/208a Corporal C. W. Salmon, N.Z. Engineers.

4/60a Corporal C. W. Saunders, N.Z. Engineers.

6/1399 Sapper E. G. Scrimshaw, N.Z. Engineers.

3/95 Lance-Corporal W. Singleton, N.Z. Field Ambulance.

8/1837 Lance-Corporal H. D. Skinner, Otago Infantry Battalion.

12/1799 Corporal H. Spencer, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

3/447 Lance-Corporal G. Steedman, N.Z. Field Ambulance.

6/1156 Private T. Stockdill, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

10/1674 Private J. W. Swan, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

6/157 Sergeant B. N. Tavender, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

12/1062 Private G. A. Tempany, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

2/146 Bombardier J. P. Thomson, N.Z. Field Artillery.

12/472 Sergeant R. Tilsley, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

12/1020 Corporal F. W. Watson, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

4/450 Sapper K. T. Watson, N.Z. Engineers.

6/741 Private C. M. Wilson, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

14/76 Lance-Corporal J. Wimms, N.Z. Divisional Train.

11/941 Trooper J. H. Winter, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES.

[A] Mentioned twice. [B] Mentioned three times.

4/85a 2nd Corporal A. W. Abbey, D.C.M., N.Z. Engineers.

[A]Captain L. G. D. Acland, M.C., Divisional Train, N.Z. Army Service Corps.

4/513 Sergeant G. D. Alexander, N.Z. Engineers.

13/64 Sergeant F. Allsopp, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

13/5 Trooper L. J. Armstrong, D.C.M., Auckland Mounted Rifles.

10/1731 Private C. R. Barker, D.C.M., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lance-Corporal P. G. Barratt, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lieut.-Colonel A. Bauchop, C.M.G., Otago Mounted Rifles.

Captain W. T. Beck, D.S.O., N.Z. Army Ordnance Corps (attached N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieut.-Colonel C. M. Begg, C.M.G., N.Z. Medical Corps.

3/233 Lance-Corporal T. Biggar, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieut. W. G. A. Bishop, M.C., Otago Infantry Battalion.

Lieut. G. R. Blackett, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Captain D. B. Blair, M.C., Canterbury Mounted Rifles (N.Z. Staff Corps).

8/1370 Sergt.-Major P. C. Boate, D.C.M., Otago Infantry Battalion.

7/311 Trooper J. M. Boocock, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

[B]Lieut.-Colonel W. G. Braithwaite, C.M.G., D.S.O. (Royal Welsh Fusiliers).

Major (temp. Lieut.-Colonel) C. H. J. Brown, D.S.O., Canterbury Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

2nd Lieutenant R. T. R. P. Butler, M.C., N.Z. Engineers (Royal Engineers).

9/129 Sergeant J. Campbell, D.C.M., Otago Mounted Rifles.

10/706 Private A. V. Carbines, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

8/911 Sapper S. Carlyon, N.Z. Engineers.

13/535 Trooper N. D. Champney, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

Major F. Chapman, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

Lieut.-Colonel A. B. Charters, C.M.G., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Colonel E. W. C. Chaytor, C.B., N.Z. Staff Corps.

2/83 Fitter N. Clark, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Artillery.

3/158 Private J. Comrie, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Ambulance.

Lieutenant A. E. Conway, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Captain C. F. D. Cook, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

11/520 Corporal F. R. Corrie, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Lieutenant J. G. Cowan, Otago Infantry Battalion.

Major E. P. Cox, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

13/606 Private L. Crawford-Watson, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Ambulance.

Captain A. C. B. Critchley-Salmonson, D.S.O., Canterbury Infantry Battalion (Royal Munster Fusiliers).

10/729 Private C. Crone, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major W. H. Cunningham, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Captain G. E. Daniell, M.C., N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery).

12/1185 Private D. Davidson, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

[A]Major T. H. Dawson, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

4/506 Sapper B. L. Dignan, D.C.M., N.Z. Engineers.

Rev. P. Dore, M.C., Chaplain, 4th Class, N.Z. Chaplains' Department.

10/966 Corporal A. G. Duncan, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

3/144 Private A. F. D. East, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Captain T. R. Eastwood, M.C., Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (Rifle Brigade, Prince Consort's Own).

Captain H. M. Edwards, N.Z. Engineers (Royal Engineers).

7/800 Trooper J. Edwards, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Major J. McG. Elmslie, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Major (temp. Lieut.-Colonel) J. J. Esson, C.M.G.

Major N. S. Falla, D.S.O., N.Z. Field Artillery.

Captain T. Farr, M.C., N.Z. Field Artillery.

Major F. A. Ferguson, N.Z. Engineers (Royal Engineers).

[A]6/227 Private A. J. Findlay, D.C.M., Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Lieut.-Colonel J. Findlay, C.B., Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Captain B. S. Finn, D.S.O., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieut.-Colonel N. Fitzherbert, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

7/441 Sergeant R. A. Fleming, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

2nd Lieutenant E. N. Gabites, Otago Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant L. J. Gibbs, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

6/234 Sergeant D. D. Gill, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

[A]Major-General (temp. Lieut.-General) Sir A. J. Godley, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., General Officer Commanding N.Z. Expeditionary Force.

2nd Lieutenant T. M. P. Grace, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

9/465 Sergeant-Major L. S. L. L. Graham, D.C.M., Otago Mounted Rifles.

Major S. A. Grant, Auckland Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Rev. W. Grant, Chaplain, 3rd Class, N.Z. Chaplains' Department.

A. Greene, Chaplain, 4th Class (Salvation Army), M.C., N.Z. Chaplains' Department.

7/340 Sergeant A. R. Greenwood, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

3/251 Private J. Greenwood, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Major R. R. Grigor, D.S.O., Otago Mounted Rifles.

Captain R. N. Guthrie, M.C., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant W. Haeata, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

2nd Lieutenant C. St. C. Hamilton, Otago Infantry Battalion.

[A]Lieut.-Colonel N. C. Hamilton, D.S.O., N.Z. Army Service Corps (Army Service Corps).

7/516 Corporal G. G. Harper, D.C.M., Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

7/517 Sergeant R. P. Harper, D.C.M., Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Captain E. S. Harston, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major H. Hart, D.S.O., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major N. F. Hastings, D.S.O., Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Major W. H. Hastings, Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (92nd Punjabis, Indian Army).

Captain B. S. Hay, Otago Mounted Rifles.

10/723 Private H. E. Hayden, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant C. Hayter, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

3/170 Private W. Heaver, N.Z. Field Artillery.

Captain P. B. Henderson, M.C., Headquarters N.Z. Mounted Rifles Brigade (N.Z. Staff Corps).

8/1504 Private W. J. Henry, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Ambulance.

2/147 Sergeant J. Hill, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Artillery.

4537a Sergeant P. Hill, N.Z. Maori Contingent,

Captain F. L. Hindley, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Major (temp. Lieut.-Colonel) J. G. Hughes, C.M.G., D.S.O., Canterbury Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Major E J. Hulbert, N.Z. Engineers.

Major H. C. Hurst, D.S.O., Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment.

Major G. F. Hutton, Canterbury Mounted Rifles (Royal Welsh Fusiliers).

2/115 Bombardier D. Inglis, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Artillery.

Captain W. Janson, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

7/128 Trooper D. Jenkins, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

10/824 Company Sergt.-Major A. Johnson, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

[A]Major (temp. Brigadier-General) G. N. Johnston, N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal Artillery).

10/392 Private S. Johnston, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

3/180 Private H. W. Keesing, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Captain V. A. Kelsall, Wellington Mounted Rifles. Captain G. A. King, D.S.O., Headquarters N.Z. Mounted Rifles Brigade (N.Z. Staff Corps).

2nd Lieut. J. B. Le Mottée, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Captain R. Logan, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Rev. J. A. Luxford, Chaplain, 3rd Class, C.M.G., N.Z. Chaplains' Department.

10/2228 Private F. Mahoney, D.C.M., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

[A]Lieut.-Colonel W. G. Malone, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Colonel N. Manders, N.Z. Medical Corps (Royal Army Medical Corps).

12/1710 Private C. J. Maroni, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

9/445 Sergeant-Major V. Marshall, Otago Mounted Rifles.

13/272 Trooper A. Mason, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

Lieutenant-Colonel W. Meldrum, C.M.G., Wellington Mounted Rifles.

8/33 Sergeant F. Mitchell, D.C.M., Otago Infantry Battalion.

3/269 Warrant-Officer F. W. Moor, D.C.M., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel A. Moore, D.S.O., Otago Infantry Battalion (Royal Dublin Fusiliers).

Captain K. McCormick, N.Z. Medical Corps.

Reverend A. Macdonald, Chaplain, 4th Class, N.Z. Chaplains Department.

Major C. McGilp, N.Z. Field Artillery.

2nd Lieutenant E. J. McGregor, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

Temp. 2nd Lieutenant R. McPherson, M.C., N.Z. Field Artillery.

10/1109 Private J. Neale, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major C. R. Neale, N.Z. Veterinary Corps.

4/655 Sergeant S. Neels, N.Z. Engineers.

Lieutenant M. G. R. Newbold, N.Z. Engineers.

Major C. N. Newman, N.Z. Field Artillery.

4/115 Sergeant H. W. Newman, N.Z. Engineers.

Lieutenant T. H. Nisbet, Otago Infantry Battalion.

12/606 Private E. L. Noakes, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant A. N. Oakey, M.C., N.Z. Engineers.

[A]Major E. J. O'Neill, D.S.O., M.B., N.Z. Medical Corps.

Major P. J. Overton, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

2nd Lieutenant W. T. Palmer, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

16/407 Corporal Tau Paranihi, D.C.M., N.Z. Maori Contingent.

Lieutenant-Colonel W. R. Pearless, N.Z. Medical Corps.

4/827 Sergeant A. G. Picken, N.Z. Engineers.

Major W. R. Pinwill, Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (Liverpool Regiment).

[A]Lieutenant-Colonel A. Plugge, C.M.G., Auckland Infantry Battalion.

8/1048 Sergeant-Major A. W. Porteous, M.C., Otago Infantry Battalion.

Captain C. Guy Powles, D.S.O., Headquarters, N.Z.M.R. Brigade (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieutenant A. H. Preston, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant-Colonel G. R. Pridham, N.Z. Engineers (Royal Engineers).

7/108 Sergeant F. L. Rees, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

Major H. G. Reid, N.Z. Army Service Corps (Army Service Corps).

10/778 Private J. R. Reid, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant A. T. G. Rhodes, Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (Grenadier Guards).

Major (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) G. S. Richardson, C.M.G., Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (N.Z. Staff Corps), attached Royal Naval Division (Staff).

Captain J. M. Richmond, M.C., N.Z. Field Artillery (N.Z. Staff Corps).

11/442 Sergeant W. Ricketts, D.C.M., Wellington Mounted Rifles.

13/438 Trooper R. R. E. Rollett, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

11/736 Sergeant B. Ronaldson, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Captain J. M. Rose, M.C., Wellington Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

[A]Colonel (temp. Brigadier-General) Sir A. H. Russell, K.C.M.G.

4/208a Corporal C. W. Salmon, D.C.M., N.Z. Engineers.

4/60a Corporal C. W. Saunders, D.C.M., N.Z. Engineers.

6/1399a Sapper E. G. Scrimshaw, D.C.M., N.Z. Engineers.

Captain L. M. Shera, M.C. N.Z. Engineers.

Captain A. V. Short, N. Z. Medical Corps.

9/343 Corporal A. Simon, Otago Mounted Rifles.

3/95 Lance-Corporal W. Singleton, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Ambulance.

8/1837 Lance-Corporal H. D. Skinner, D.C.M., Otago Infantry Battalion.

Major G. S. Smith, D.S.O., Otago Infantry Battalion.

Captain R. B. Smythe, Headquarters N.Z. and A. Division (N.Z. Staff Corps).

12/1799 Sergeant H. Spencer, D.C.M., Auckland Infantry Battalion.

Major I. T. Standish, D.S.O., N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery).

Lieutenant W. H. Stainton, M.C., N.Z. Maori Contingent.

Major F. H. Statham, Otago Infantry Battalion.

3/447 Lance-Corporal G. Steedman, D.C.M., N.Z. Medical Corps.

13/237 Trooper K. M. Stevens, Auckland Mounted Rifles.

Captain H. Stewart, M.C., Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant-Colonel D. McB. Stewart, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

6/1156 Private T. Stockdill, D.C.M., Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant J. K. D. Strang, Otago Mounted Rifles.

6/770 Lance-Corporal W. H. Studley, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

10/1674 Corporal J. W. Swan, D.C.M., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major (temp. Lieutenant-Colonel) F. B. Sykes, D.S.O., N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal Artillery).

Lieutenant-Colonel F. Symon, C.M.G., N.Z. Field Artillery (Royal N.Z. Artillery).

6/157 Lance-Corporal B. N. Tavender, D.C.M., Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant G. N. Taylor, Canterbury Mounted Rifles.

23/1213 Private G. A. Tempany, D.C.M., Auckland Infantry Battalion.

Major A. C. Temperley, Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (Norfolk Regiment).

Captain N. W. B. B. Thoms, M.C., Headquarters Staff, N.Z. Expeditionary Force (N.Z. Staff Corps).

6/1131 Private A. Thomson, Canterbury Infantry Battalion.

2/146 Bombardier J. P. Thomson, D.C.M., N.Z. Field Artillery.

8/494 Corporal T. A. Timpany, Otago Infantry Battalion.

9/91 Trooper A. K. Topi, Otago Mounted Rifles.

12/267 Bugler D. B. Treacher, Auckland Infantry Battalion.

Lieutenant F. K. Turnbull, M.C., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Major W. McG. Turnbull, D.S.O., Otago Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

Lieutenant F. M. Twistleton, M.C., Otago Mounted Rifles.

16/161 Company Sergeant-Major H. R. Vercoe, N.Z. Maori Contingent.

[A]Major F. Waite, D.S.O., N.Z. Engineers.

Lieutenant W. H. Walker, N.Z. Maori Contingent.

4/72a Sergeant A. Wallace, N.Z. Engineers.

Captain J. A. Wallingford, Auckland Infantry Battalion (N.Z. Staff Corps).

12/1020 Corporal F. W. Watson, D.C.M., Auckland Infantry Battalion.

[A]Major J. H. Whyte, D.C.M., Wellington Mounted Rifles (N.Z. Staff Corps).

11/654 Sergeant J. W. Wilder, Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Lieutenant G. L. Wilson, Otago Infantry Battalion.

Captain E. R. Wilson, Wellington Infantry Battalion.

14/76 Lance-Corporal J. Wimms, D.C.M., N.Z. Divisional Train.

11/941 Trooper J. H. Winter, D.C.M., Wellington Mounted Rifles.

Captain F. A. Wood, M.C., Auckland Mounted Rifles (N.Z. Staff Corps).

[A]Lieutenant-Colonel R. Young, C.M.G., D.S.O., Wellington Infantry Battalion.

The Place-Names of Anzac.

Some unfortunate tracts of country are destined from their situations to be the battlegrounds of the world. Old world names, before this war but the memory of former campaigns, have once again become household words. So Mons and St. Quentin, Kantara and Damascus, have become familiar to the boys of the present generation, for have not their elder brothers been on police picket in the back streets of every one of them?

But war sometimes chances to descend on poor, unsettled and otherwise unimportant territory. Such a place was Anzac--rough and hungry clay hillsides, no habitations in its area except the lonely Fishermen's Hut near the mouth of the Sazli Beit Dere, and a poor shepherd's hut at the foot of Monash Gully. Into this desolate country, with only a few ridges and watercourses important enough to be marked on the map, came legions of foreign soldiers who peopled every scrubby ridge and winding gully.

The necessity for place-names became very pressing. Retaining such of the native ones as were shown on the maps, a multitude of Australian and New Zealand names appeared spontaneously at Anzac, just as the English and French names appeared at Helles.

Difficulties often arose. An Australian unit holding a part of the line had local names for every place within the sector, whereas a New Zealand unit taking over manufactured or evolved names quite different. The preparation of a trench map or operation orders written by the Staff fixed the name for all time. Place-names like "The Sphinx" are evidence of this.

Ismail Oglu Tepe with its wavy crestline, naturally became the "W" Hills of Anzac. From Walker's Ridge the description point--"W" Hills--never failed to be recognized.

Most places in Anzac are named after men or units. This is natural. But sometimes accidents crept in here, too. For instance, an attack of measles made what might have been "Johnston's Ridge," into "Walker's Ridge."

The word "Anzac" arrived in quite a different way. "Anzac" obviously suggested itself. But numerous stories are current as to its origin, and doubtless many of the stories are correct. Statements on this subject have been made by the two most important Generals connected with the campaign, and their claims may easily be reconciled.

1. In the "Anzac Book" General Birdwood stated that when he took over the command of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps in Egypt, he was asked to select a telegraphic code address for his Army Corps, and adopted the word "Anzac." Later on, after the landing, he was asked by General Headquarters to suggest a name for the beach, and in reply he christened it "Anzac Cove."

2. General Ian Hamilton wrote in his preface to "Crusading at Anzac, A.D. 1915," by Signaller Ellis Silas: "As the man who first, seeking to save himself trouble, omitted the five full stops and brazenly coined the word "Anzac," I am glad to write a line or two in preface to sketches which may help to give currency to that token throughout the realms of glory."

In compiling this list of place-names and their origins, the aim has been to set down only those names that were generally accepted and used at Anzac. Official trench maps, operation orders, books, pamphlets, and captured Turkish maps have been searched and verified. I am greatly indebted to the work of my friend Sapper Moore-Jones in his unrivalled "Sketches Made at Anzac." Besides being works of art, these sketches are particularly valuable as showing in faithful detail the land features of the Anzac area, with many of the place-names in use during the operations.

It is not necessary to burden this volume with a complete Turkish dictionary, but the following words, with their equivalents in English, may be found of value:--

Bair Spur
Biyuk Large
Burnu Cape
Chair Meadow
Dagh Mountain
Dere Valley with stream
Kale Fort
Kuchuk Small
Kuyu Well
Ova Plain
Sirt A Summit
Tepe Hill
Tekke Shrine

Abdel Rahman Bair.--The great northern spur of the Sari Bair range.

Anafarta.--(1) The Turkish name for the Suvla front.

(2) There are two villages inland from Suvla Bay called Biyuk Anafarta and Kuchuk Anafarta.

(3) A long-range gun firing from the hills was called "Anafarta Annie."

Anzac.--Formed from the initial letters of Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. First used (written A. and N.Z.A.C.) in Egypt, when the Army Corps was formed. It soon became A.N.Z.A.C., and the new word was so obvious that the full stops were omitted.

Anzac Cove.--The little bay where the principal landing was made on April 25, 1915.

The Apex.--High up on Rhododendron Spur, and the furthest point inland retained by the Anzac forces after the attack on Chunuk Bair. An earlier name, little used, was "The Mustard Plaster."

Ari Burnu.--The northern horn of Anzac Cove. The Turk called the Anzac area the Ari Burnu front.

Asma Dere.--One of the upper reaches of the Azmak Dere, starting in the foothills of the Abdel Rahman Bair.

Azmak Dere.--A watercourse leading from Biyuk Anafarta, running to the south of Ismail Oglu Tepe and debouching on to the Suvla flats. There is another Azmak flowing into the north of the Salt Lake at Suvla.

Australian Valley.--One of the northern branches of the Aghyl Dere, named after the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.

Baby 700.--A Turkish position between The Nek and Battleship Hill.

Battleship Hill.--High ground within the Turkish lines between Baby 700 and Chunuk Bair. Turkish reserves sheltered behind it, and were frequently shelled by the warships.

Bauchop's Hill.--A hill between the Aghyl Dere and the Chailak Dere. Named after the gallant colonel of the Otago Mounted Rifles, who was mortally wounded here on August 8.

Beach Road, The.--The road running along the sea beach from Ari Burnu toward No. 2 Post.

Bedford Ridge.--A ridge opposite Cheshire Ridge on which were situated our three isolated posts: Newbury's Post, the southern one; Franklin Post, the central one; Warwick Castle, the northern one.

Blamey's Meadow.--Overlooked by Tasmania Post. Named after Major Blamey, an Intelligence Officer who carried out extensive reconnaissances in Turkish territory towards Maidos.

Blockhouse, The.--A Turkish position opposite the Apex. This blockhouse was built after the Turks swept us off Chunuk Bair in August.

Bloody Angle.--The gully between Dead Man's Ridge and Quinn's Post. The 4th Australian Brigade and the battalions of the Royal Naval Division suffered heavy losses here on the night of May 2/3.

Bolton's Hill.--Named after Colonel Bolton, 8th A. I. Battalion. On the extreme right flank; part of the front line of the Australian position.

Biyuk Anafarta.--See Anafarta.

Braund's Hill.--A hill behind the centre of the Australian line on the right, and overlooking Shrapnel Valley. Named after Colonel Braund, of the 2nd Australian Infantry Battalion. Colonel Braund was a member for Armidale in the New South Wales Parliament, and was killed soon after the landing.

Broadway.--The wide sunken road leading from the top of Walker's Ridge round the back of the firing line on Russell's Top.

Bridges' Road.--A road leading to the right from Shrapnel Valley towards Wire Gully. Named in memory of General Bridges, the Australian Divisional Commander, who was mortally wounded in Shrapnel Valley.

Brighton Beach.--The long stretch of beach running southwards from Hell Spit towards Gaba Tepe. Brighton is the well-known watering place near Melbourne, named after the English seaside resort.

Brown's Dip.--A depression just behind the Australian trenches opposite Lone Pine, where the Turkish and Australian dead were buried after the struggle for Lone Pine. The lower part of Brown's Dip was known as Victoria Gully.

Bully Beef Gully.--A gully running up from the centre of Anzac Cove past Army Corps Headquarters. As stores on the beach would be threatened by rough weather, beef and biscuits were stacked in this valley.

Bully Beef Track.--A communication trench running from the right of Russell's Top to the head of Monash Gully.

Bully Cut.--A deep communication trench cut to enable troops to avoid a much-sniped section of the Aghyl Dere.

Camel's Hump.--A Turkish position just below Snipers' Nest.

Canterbury Gully.--A small gully between Plugge's Plateau and Shrapnel Valley, where the Canterbury Infantry Battalion rested when in reserve from Quinn's Post. Often shown on the map as Rest Gully.

Canterbury Slope.--On the slopes of Rhododendron Spur.

Canterbury Knob.--A famous machine gun position on the right flank of the Apex position and overlooking the head waters of the Sazli Beit Dere. Known to machine gunners as Preston's Top after the gallant Lieut. Preston (killed in France) who first placed machine guns there on August 7.

Canterbury Ridge.--A name given to Rhododendron Spur during the early days of August. The Canterbury Infantry occupied this ground on the morning of August 7.

Chailak Dere.--A narrow valley falling down from Chunuk Bair, past the north side of Table Top and between Bauchop's Hill and "Old No. 3 Post."

Chatham's Post.--The southern limit of the Anzac line. Named after Lieut. Chatham, of the 5th Australian Light Horse.

Chessboard, The.--A criss-cross network of Turkish trenches opposite Pope's Hill and Russell's Top.

Cheshire Ridge.--A ridge between the upper reaches of the Chailak Dere and the southern fork of the Aghyl Dere. Named after the 8th Cheshires who were in the 40th Brigade of the 13th Division. Its respective parts were known as Upper and Lower Cheshire. Durrant's Post was in the centre.

Chocolate Hills.--A range of hills inland from Suvla Bay, south of the Salt Lake. These hills were brownish red, and later swept with fire. One part was covered with scrub and, not being burnt, was known as Green Hill.

Chunuk Bair.--A ridge about 860 feet high on the Sari Bair, below Hill Q, and above Rhododendron Spur.

Clarke Valley.--Between Victoria Gully and Shell Green. Colonel Clarke had the 12th Australian Infantry Battalion.

Cornfield, The.--A small patch of cultivated ground on the right flank just above Shell Green.

Courtney's Post.--One of the three famous posts at head of Monash Gully. Lieut.-Colonel R. E. Courtney, of the 14th Australian Infantry Battalion, was in command here in May. He died at Melbourne on October 22, 1919.

Daisy Patch, The.--A piece of old meadow at Cape Helles.

Damakjelik Bair.--On the left of the Anzac line; the objective of the Left Covering Force on August 6.

Dawkins' Point.--On Brighton Beach, about 600 yards south of Hell Spit. Named after an officer of the Australian Engineers.

Dead Man's Ridge.--A much-contested Turkish salient running in between Pope's Hill and Quinn's Post. So called because of the bodies of New Zealanders, Australians, and men of the Royal Naval Division which lay there from May 2/3 until the Armistice.

Destroyer Hill.--A small hill overlooking the Sazli Beit Dere and midway between Rhododendron Spur and No. 1 Post. Often heavily shelled by the torpedo destroyers.

Durrant's Post.--A post on Cheshire Ridge. Major Durrant was an officer in the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade.

Farm, The.--A hotly contested corner of the Chunuk Bair battlefields. Just underneath the ridge of Chunuk Bair. It eventually remained in the hands of the Turk.

Fishermen's Hut.--A rude hut or huts near the coast, at the foot of the Sazli Beit Dere.

Gaba Tepe.--A headland about a mile and a quarter south of the Anzac right flank. The Anzac landing was originally known as the Gaba Tepe landing. Most of the earlier gazetted decorations were prefaced "in the neighbourhood of Gaba Tepe," which really means Anzac.