Chapter XVIII (2)

Gillespie Hill.--A part of Hill 60. On the left of the Anzac theatre. Named after Lieut.-Colonel Gillespie, of the South Wales Borderers.

Hampshire Lane.--A communication trench leading from the Aghyl Dere towards Sandbag Ridge.

Happy Valley.--The valley just north of Walker's Ridge, and immediately below Turk's Point. In the spring the lower reaches were a mass of flowering shrubs, beautiful grasses, and fragrant wild thyme.

Hay Valley.--A southern arm of the Aghyl Dere; branching to the left it was known as Stafford Gully, and to the right, Hotchkiss Gully. Captain Bruce Hay, N.Z.S.C., was killed while leading a squadron of the Otago Mounted Rifles in the attack on Bauchop's Hill.

Hell Spit.--The southern horn of Anzac Cove. Jutting out into the sea, it was a convenient mark for the Turkish gunner of the Olive Groves and Gaba Tepe.

Hill Q.--Sometimes known as Nameless Peak. Midway between the heights of Hill 971 and Chunuk Bair. About 280 feet.

Hill 60.--The height in metres of the hill known as Kaiajik Aghala, near which was the important well Kabak Kuyu.

Hill 100.--High ground between the Asma Dere and the head of the Kaiajak Dere; held by the Otago Mounted Rifles at the evacuation.

Hill 112.--Ismail Oglu Tepe, which see.

Hill 971.--The most important tactical feature on Gallipoli Peninsula. The highest Peak of the Sari Bair range, 971 feet high. Known to the Turk as Koja Chemen Tepe, and shown on the later maps as Hill 305, from its height in metres.

Hotchkiss Gully.--See Hay Valley.

Howitzer Gully.--The northernmost gully running up towards Plugge's Plateau from Anzac Cove. Here the 4.5 Howitzer Battery, under Major Falla, made its welcome appearance the morning after the Anzac landing.

Hughes Gully.--Part of the Sazli Beit Dere running to the north opposite Destroyer Hill, towards the front of Table Top. Lt.-Col. J. G. Hughes, C.M.G., D.S.O., was in command of the Canterbury Battalion during the August offensive.

Ismail Oglu Tepe.--See "W" Hills.

Johnston's Jolly.--A Turkish position between Lone Pine and German officers' trench. Named after Colonel G. J. Johnston, Brigadier of the 2nd Australian Artillery Brigade.

Koja Chemen Tepe.--See Hill 971.

Koja Dere.--A Turkish village two miles due east of Lone Pine. Here were concentrated a large proportion of the enemy's reserves. Koja Dere (sometimes spelt Kurija Dere) was the site of the Turkish Army Headquarters in the southern sector of the Ari Burnu front.

Kaiajik Aghala.--See Hill 60.

Kuchuk Anafarta.--See Anafarta.

Kabak Kuyu.--A valuable well in the neighbourhood of Hill 60.

Kur Dere.--A valley between Chunuk Bair Hill Q, on the enemy's side of the watershed. Mentioned as one of the objectives in the operation order for August 6.

Lala Baba.--The highest ground between Nibrunesi Point and the Salt Lake. This observation post was raided several times by New Zealanders before the Suvla landing. On it a German flag was flown after the evacuation.

Leane's Trench.--A set of Turkish trenches near Tasmania Post, taken on July 31 by Western Australian troops under Major Leane, who was killed during the operations.

Little Table Top.--A small, flat-topped hill north of the original "Table Top," which was sometimes called "Big Table Top."

Long Sap, The.--A communication trench running from Anzac Cove, near Ari Burnu, along the foothills out to No. 2 Post.

Lone Pine.--A set of Turkish trenches south of Johnston's Jolly, taken and held by the Australians during the August fighting. Seven Victoria Crosses were won here by Australians.

Malone's Gully.--A dry watercourse between Happy Valley and No. 1 Post, leading up towards Baby 700. Named after the gallant Colonel of the Wellington Infantry Battalion.

Mal Tepe.--A small hill inland from Gaba Tepe, on which the Turks had guns. One of the objectives mentioned in the operation order for the Anzac landing.

Monash Gully.--See Shrapnel Valley. Brigadier-General Monash commanded the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade, which first held the head of Monash Gully.

Mortar Ridge.-A ridge behind German Officers' Trench. Under the reverse slope of Mortar Ridge were innumerable dugouts protecting the Turkish reserves.

Mule Gully.--A ravine running up behind Walker's Ridge. Under the shelter of the high banks the mules of the Indian Supply and Transport Corps were protected from fire.

Mustard Plaster, The.--See the Apex.

Maclagan's Ridge.--The ridge running from Plugge's Plateau down to Hell Spit. Named after the landing in honour of Colonel Sinclair Maclagan, D.S.O.

Maclaurin's Hill.--Just south of Steel's Post. Colonel Maclaurin, the Brigadier of the 1st Australian Infantry Brigade, was killed in Monash Gully two days after the landing.

McCay's Hill.--On the right flank, north of White Valley. Named after the Brigadier of the 2nd Australian Infantry Brigade.

No. 1 Post.--On the left flank of Anzac. Sometimes known as Maori Post, from it being garrisoned by the Maori contingent.

No. 2 Post.--Called Nelson Hill in the earlier days because held by the 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles; then taken over by the Otago Mounted Rifles; eventually became Divisional Headquarters for the August operations.

No. 3 Post.--Established just north of No. 2 Outpost, when Old No. 3 was abandoned.

Nameless Peak.--See Hill Q.

Nek, The.--A narrow tongue of No Man's Land, running from Russell's Top towards the Turkish trenches.

Nelson Hill.--See No. 2 Post.

Nibrunesi Point.--The southern horn of Suvla Bay, shown on some Turkish maps as Kuchuk Kemekli.

North Beach.--See Ocean Beach.

Ocean Beach.--The stretch of sea shore between Ari Burnu and No. 2 Post. Sometimes known as North Beach.

Old No. 3 Post.--High ground above Fishermen's Hut. Captured and held for two days by the N.Z.M.R. in May, but eventually abandoned to the Turks; retaken during the August advance.

Olive Groves.--Clumps of trees inland from Gaba Tepe. "Beachy Bill" and other obnoxious Turkish guns were "dug in" in the vicinity.

Otago Gully.--Near No. 3 Post. The Otago Mounted Rifles had their headquarters hereabouts during June and July.

Overton Gully.--A gully named to commemorate Major Overton, Canterbury Mounted Rifles, a keen officer who directed the scouting and reconnoitering on the left flank. He was killed on August 7 while leading Cox's Indian Brigade up the Aghyl Dere.

Owen's Gully.--A gully in Turkish territory between Johnston's Jolly and Lone Pine; named after Brigadier-General Cunliffe Owen, the artillery commander of the A.N.Z.A.C.

Phillip's Top.--Near the bottom and on the southern side of Shrapnel Valley there was a low ridge called "The Razor Back," which, running up towards the firing line, became known as Phillip's Top, after Major Phillips, of the Australian Field Artillery.

Pimple, The.--A salient in the Australian line just opposite the Turkish Lone Pine trenches; this Pimple became the Lone Pine Salient.

Pine Ridge.--A Turkish position opposite the extreme right flank of Anzac.

Plugge's Plateau.--The high ground immediately inland from Anzac Cove, the southern spur running down to Hell Spit being named Maclagan's Ridge. Plugge's Plateau is called after the O.C. Auckland Infantry Battalion.

Point Rosenthal.--On the ridge below Bolton's Hill. Colonel Rosenthal commanded the 1st Australian Artillery Brigade.

Pope's Hill.--An isolated post at the head of Monash Gully; on its right was Dead Man's Ridge; on its left a deep canyon separating Pope's from Russell's Top. Colonel Pope was the gallant white-haired commander of the famous 16th Australian Infantry Battalion.

Poppy Valley.--There were many "Poppy" Valleys and "Poppy" Fields in the Anzac area, but the only one to get on the map was in the Turkish territory between Harris' Ridge and Pine Ridge, on the extreme southern flank of Anzac.

Queensland Point.--That lower part of Maclagan's Ridge which resolves itself into Hell Spit. The Queensland Infantry landed here early on April 25.

Quinn's Post.--At the head of Monash Gully; the most famous post in Anzac, the salient of the Anzac line. Named after Major Quinn, of the 15th Australian Infantry Battalion, who was killed defending the post. For the first few days this ground was held by Major Rankine ("Bobby") of the 14th Battalion A.I.F. He then handed over to Major Quinn.

Reserve Gully.--A "rest" gully in the low ground between Plugge's Plateau and the Sphinx. It eventually became unsafe, being periodically searched by the guns from the "W" Hills.

Rest Gully.--See Canterbury Gully.

Rhododendron Spur.--A prominent spur running westward from Chunuk Bair, and between the Chailak Dere and the Sazli Beit Dere, the point nearest Chunuk Bair being called the Apex. It was first called Rhododendron Spur by Major Overton, who saw in the scrubby arbutus some resemblance to a rhododendron.

Rose Hill.--A northern underfeature of Bauchop Hill, below Little Table Top and above Hotchkiss Gully. Guns placed here defended the ground between The Blockhouse and our position on the Apex. Major Rose was a New Zealand machine gunner in charge of the 4th Australian Infantry Brigade machine guns.

Russell's Top.--The highest point of Walker's Ridge, where Brigadier-General Russell, commanding the New Zealand Mounted Rifles, had his headquarters during May, June, and July.

Ryrie's Post.--On the right of the Australian line; named after Brigadier-General Ryrie, 2nd Light Horse Brigade.

Sandbag Ridge.--A salient in the new Anzac line near Hill 100.

Sari-Bair.--The tangled mass of hills and watercourses inland from Anzac and Suvla, culminating in Hill 971.

Sazli Beit Dere.--A watercourse, dry in summer, originating in the slopes of Chunuk Bair, and entering the sea near Fishermen's Hut.

Scimitar Hill.--A round hill north of the "W" Hills, on which was a curved strip of yellow earth resembling a Turkish sword; shown on some maps as Hill 70, from its height in metres.

Scrubby Knoll.--A Turkish position about 1500 yards due east of Courtney's Post.

Shell Green.--A small area of cleared cultivable ground on the extreme right of Anzac, between Clarke Valley and Ryrie's Post.

Shrapnel Valley.--The road to the centre of the Anzac position; heavily shelled by the Turkish artillery from the first day. Known to the Turks as Kamu Kapu Dere. The upper portion of the valley was known as Monash Gully.

Snipers' Nest.--A scrubby hill about 1000 yards from the sea, from which Turkish snipers made the beach north of Ari Burnu unsafe for bathing or traffic.

Smyth's Post.--A post in the Australian sector, named after an Australian officer.

Sphinx, The.--A peculiar knife-edge spur jutting out seawards from Walker's Ridge. During the early days it was known by many names such as the Sphinx, the Knife Edge, the Cathedral, the Snipers' Crevice, &c., until it was entered on the map as the Sphinx. A legend that from a crevice a sniper picked off men for the first few days, until shot by Captain Wallingford, the well-known machine gunner, has no foundation in fact, except that some wild pigeons which had their home there were thought to be carriers.

Stafford Gully.--See Hay Valley.

Steel's Post.--The post south of Courtney's, named after Major Steel, of the 14th Australian Battalion. For the first week, Courtney's and Steel's were included in Steel's Post; but Lt.-Col. Courtney took over the left section which was renamed Courtney's.

Susuk Kuyu.--A well just north of Hill 60, where the Anzac forces got in touch with the Suvla forces after the Suvla landing.

Table Top.--A flat-topped hill, 1400 yards inland from the sea, just south of Chailak Dere and at the foot of Rhododendron Spur; captured by the Wellington Mounted Rifles on the night of August 6/7.

Tasmanian Post.--A post held by the Tasmanians on the right of the Anzac front line, just north of Ryrie's Post.

Taylor's Hollow.--A depression just below Bauchop's Hill; named after Lieut. Taylor, of the 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles, who made numerous reconnaisances in the vicinity.

Turks' Hump.--A Turkish position on the lower slopes of Gunners' Hill, opposite Canterbury Knob.

Turk's Point.--Part of the left of the original Anzac line, overlooking the head of Malone's Gully.

Valley of Despair, The.--A valley in Turkish hands opposite our extreme right flank, running from near Lone Pine down towards the sea.

Victoria Gully.--See Brown's Dip.

Walden's Point.--North of Taylor's Hollow. Waldren, whose name was always mis-spelt "Walden," was a very daring sniper who did much reconnoitering on the Suvla Flats as a machine gun officer of the Maoris. He was killed on the Apex.

Walker's Ridge.--The left flank of the original Anzac line. Brigadier-General Walker was attached to Army Headquarters, but as Colonel Johnston was down with measles on the morning of the Anzac landing, General Walker took command of the Brigade.

Walker's Pier.--A wharf erected north of Ari Burnu, between Mule Gully and Reserve Gully.

Wanliss Gully.--A gully breaking the Anzac line just opposite German Officers' Trench. This section was at one time under the command of Colonel Wanliss, 5th Australian Infantry Battalion.

Warley Gap.--The gap in the line at Sandbag Ridge.

Waterfall Gully.--A small sheltered gully in Bauchop's Hill, where newcomers bivouacked. The Headquarters of a Turkish unit was captured here on August 6/7.

Watson's Pier.--The first wharf built at Anzac Cove by the New Zealand Engineers. Captain Watson was an officer of the Australian Signal Service, who overlooked the work when N.Z.E. officers could not be spared.

Wellington Terrace.--The cliff side under the shadow of the Sphinx, studded with dugouts; originally a rest camp for the Wellington Regiment, who saw some resemblance to their native hillsides.

White's Valley.--A valley turning to the right off Shrapnel Valley, north of McCay's Hill; named after Lieut-Colonel White, of the 8th Australian Light Horse.

Wine Glass Ridge.--A Turkish position opposite the Anzac right flank.

Williams Pier.--A pier on North Beach.

"W" Hills.--A low ridge 112 metres high, about a mile due north of Hill 60; shown on Turkish maps as Ismail Oglu Tepe, but better known to the Anzac troops as the "W" Hills. When looking north from Russell's Top, the spurs of this feature formed the line W, while the re-entrants formed the shadows.

A Gallipoli Diary.

War has many phases. Within the compass of a volume such as this, it is not possible to describe in detail all those events bearing on the subject of the Gallipoli campaign. Neither is it possible--though the temptation is great--to deal with the glorious achievements of our silent Allied Navies, and the accomplishments of our heroic French, British, Indian and Australian comrades.

The following diary has been compiled so that the bearing of all the multifarious happenings:--naval, military, and political--may be seen in their proper setting in regard to the campaign.

1914.

June 28. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand at Serajevo.

July 28. Austria declared war on Serbia.

30. Preliminary arrangements made in New Zealand for a volunteer Expeditionary Force.

Aug. 2. Germany declared war on Russia. Germans entered France. Russians entered Germany.

3. Germany declared war on France.

4. Britain declared war on Germany.

5. "Goeben and "Breslau" at Messina, Italy.

7. The New Zealand Government cabled to the Imperial Government offering the services of an Expeditionary Force.

8. British Expeditionary Force landed in France.

10. "Goeben" and "Breslau" reported at Constantinople.

12. Services of N.Z.E.F. accepted by Imperial Authorities.

15. Samoan Force of 1350 New Zealanders and four guns sailed.

28. German Samoa surrendered.

Sept. 24. Main Body embarked on transports.

25. Force ordered to await a more powerful escort.

Oct. 14. "Minotaur" and "Ibuki" arrived in Wellington Harbour.

15. Main Body again embarked on transports.

16. Convoy sailed from Wellington.

21. Arrived at Hobart.

22. Left Hobart for Albany.

28. Arrived at Albany.

Nov. 1. Australian and New Zealand convoy left Albany.

British Naval defeat at Coronel.

2. Martial law proclaimed in Egypt.

First shelling of the Dardanelles Forts by French and British Squadrons.

5. Britain and France officially declared war on Turkey.

9. H.M.A.S. "Sydney" destroyed the "Emden" at the Cocos Islands.

13. Convoy crossed the Equator; the "Hampshire" joined the convoy.

15. Arrived at Colombo.

17. New Zealand transports left Colombo for Aden.

25. New Zealand transports arrived at Aden.

26. Combined Australian and New Zealand convoy left Aden for Suez.

28. Received wireless to prepare for disembarkation in Egypt.

30. Arrived at Suez.

Dec. 1. New Zealand ships passed through the Suez Canal.

3. Commenced disembarkation at Alexandria.

4. First troop train arrived at Helmieh station for Zeitoun Camp.

8. German Naval defeat at the Falkland Islands.

Australian Light Horse Brigade and Ceylon Planters Rifle Corps attached to N.Z.E.F.

12. British Section trained on Salisbury Plain left Southampton for Egypt.

13. Lieut. Holbrook in BII. torpedoed the "Messoudieh" in the Dardanelles.

14. Second Reinforcements left New Zealand.

18. Proclamation of a British Protectorate in Egypt; the Khedive Abbas deposed.

19. His Highness Prince Hussein proclaimed Sultan of Egypt.

23. March of N.Z. Troops through the streets of Cairo.

24. British Section arrived at Zeitoun Camp.

25. Christmas Day spent on the Desert.

1915.

Jan. 18. Division now styled the "New Zealand and Australian Division."

25. N.Z. Infantry Brigade ordered to Suez Canal.

26. Infantry Brigade left Zeitoun for Ismailia. and Kubri.

Feb. 1. Advance parties 4th Aust. Inf. Bde. arrived at Zeitoun.

3. Turks attacked Suez Canal. New Zealanders engaged; one man died of wounds and one wounded.

14. Third Reinforcements left New Zealand.

19. Naval attack on the forts at the entrance of the Dardanelles.

26. N.Z. Infantry Brigade returned from Suez Canal to Zeitoun.

March 18. End of Dardanelles Naval attack. "Queen", "Irresistible" and "Bouvet" sunk.

26. Third Reinforcements, consisting of 63 officers and 2417 other ranks arrived at Zeitoun.

29. Inspection of Division by Sir Ian Hamilton.

April 9. N.Z. & A. Division, less mounted units, entrained for Alexandria.

10. First transports left for Mudros.

15. Transport "Lutzow" with Divisional Headquarters on board arrived in Mudros Harbour.

17. Fourth Reinforcements left New Zealand.

24. French, British, Australian and New Zealand transports left Mudros Harbour.

25. French landed at Kum Kale.

British landed at Cape Helles.

A. & N.Z. Army Corps landed at Anzac Cove; 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade forced a landing at dawn.

N.Z. Divisional Headquarters and details ashore at 10 a.m.; Auckland Battalion all ashore by 12 noon; No. 1 Field Company N.Z. Engineers and Canterbury and Otago Infantry came ashore during the afternoon.

Wellington Infantry landed during the night.

26. 6 a.m. two guns of N.Z. Howitzer Battery landed and came into action.

Turkish counter attacks beaten off at Anzac.

27. 2nd Battery N.Z.F.A. landed at 3 a.m.

Heavy attack against centre and Walker's Ridge beaten off 9.30 a.m.

28. Portsmouth and Chatham Battalions (Royal Marine Brigade) arrived 6 p.m.

No. 2 Company Divisional Train arrived at night.

April 29. Heavy Turkish attacks all along the Anzac Line.

A Naval Brigade (Nelson and Deal Battalion) arrived at night.

May 2. Turkish observation post destroyed at Lala Baba by New Zealanders.

2/3. Our attack at head of Monash Gully failed.

3. Turk warship in straits fired on transports; "Annaberg" hit.

4. Australian attack on Gaba Tepe beaten off.

5/6. N.Z. Infantry Brigade and 2nd Australian Brigade left for Cape Helles.

6. 3rd Reinforcements arrived Anzac--sent down to Helles. Combined French, British and Colonial Forces commenced attack on Krithia.

7. New Zealanders in support of 29th Division.

Sinking of "Lusitania" in the Atlantic.

8. Great attack on Krithia not successful.

10. Australians at head of Monash Gully attacked Turks, but withdrew.

12. N.Z. Mounted Rifles (1500 men) arrived at Anzac to fight as Infantry.

Gen. Chauvel with 1400 men of the Australian Light Horse arrived.

14. H.M.S. "Goliath" sunk at mouth of straits.

Queenslanders made a sortie from Quinn's Post.

15. General Birdwood slightly wounded in the head at Quinn's Post.

General Bridges mortally wounded.

16. 6-inch Howitzer with R.M.L.I. crew arrived in support of the Division.

Machine Gun detachment Otago Mounted Rifles arrived.

17. 2nd Australian Infantry Brigade returned. 3 guns of 2nd Battery N.Z.F.A., man-handled up to Plugge's Plateau.

18. Heavy Turkish attacks.

German Taube flew over Anzac.

19. Turks fail to drive A.N.Z. Corps into the sea.

N.Z. Infantry Brigade returned from Helles.

20. Otago Mounted Rifles (dismounted) arrived. Turks first ask for an armistice.

24. Armistice Day to bury dead.

25. H.M.S. "Triumph" torpedoed off Gaba Tepe.

27. H.M.S. "Majestic" torpedoed off Cape Helles.

28. Late at night Turks fire mine in front of Quinn's Post.

Canterbury Mounted Rifles take "Old No. 3 Post."

29. Attack on Quinn's Post--Major Quinn killed.

Major Bruce, 26th Indian Mountain Battery killed.

31. Turk blockhouse blown up in front of Quinn's by two sappers.

June 3. 2nd Field Company, N.Z.E., arrived.

4. Slight advance made at Cape Helles.

Canterbury Infantry raided from Quinn's Post late at night.

5. Another sortie against German Officers' Trench opposite Courtney's post.

7. Fourth Reinforcements arrived Anzac Cove.

Sortie from Quinn's Post night of 7/8th.

8. First Monitor appeared off Anzac.

10. Scouting parties of N.Z.M.R. driven back to No. 2 Post.

12. 4.5 Howitzer taken from Howitzer Gully up to Plugge's Plateau.

21. French captured the Haricot Redoubt at Cape Helles.

June 28. A marked advance made in the Helles sector.

29/30. Turks again unsuccessfully endeavoured to drive the infidels into the sea. The last Turkish attack on Anzac.

July 2. Determined Turkish attack at Helles unsuccessful.

4/5. Another heavy attack beaten off the British at Cape Helles.

10. Turks at Cape Helles asked for Armistice to bury their dead. Armistice refused.

11. N.Z. Hospital ship "Maheno" left Wellington.

12. General Masnou, commanding the 1st French Division at Helles, mortally wounded.

31. 200 men of the 11th West Australian Battalion took Turkish trenches opposite Tasmania Post.

Aug. 3. 13th (New Army) commenced landing at Anzac.

5. Fall of Warsaw.

6/7. British delivered holding attack at Cape Helles.

Australians made heroic attack at Lone Pine, Quinn's Post and Russell's Top.

Old No. 3 Post retaken and Table Top and Beauchop's Hill taken by N.Z.M.R.

Damakjelik Bair captured by Left Covering Force.

7. New landing at Suvla Bay before dawn.

Rhododendron Spur in the hands of New Zealanders.

8. New Zealanders storm Chunuk Bair.

New Army remains inactive at Suvla.

Fifth Reinforcements reach Anzac and go into the firing line.

9. Ghurkas reach the Saddle between Hill Q and Chunuk Bair.

New Zealanders cling to the shoulder of Chunuk Bair; relieved at night by New Army Troops.

10. New Army Troops driven from Chunuk Bair by Turkish counter attack.

11. Advance from Suvla definitely held up.

14. Sixth Reinforcements left New Zealand.

21. First attack on Hill 60.

Italy declared war on Turkey.

26. "Maheno" arrived off Anzac.

27. Battle renewed for the possession of Hill 60.

28. New Zealanders held on to and consolidate their position on Hill 60.

Sept. Troops go to rest camp at Sarpi.

19. Von Mackensen renewed attack on Serbia.

20. Bulgaria Treaty with Turkey announced, thus opening the Balkan corridor.

29. British and Indian troops enter Kut-el-Amara.

30. 10th (Irish) Division left Suvla for Salonika.

Oct. 3. 2nd French Division left Helles for Salonika.

7. Britain offered Cyprus to Greece.

9. Belgrade captured by Austro-Germans.

11. Lord Kitchener asked Sir Ian Hamilton the estimated cost of evacuation.

12. Sir Ian Hamilton replied that evacuation was unthinkable.

14. In the House of Lords, Lord Milner and Lord Ribblesdale urged the evacuation of Gallipoli.

15. Britain declared war on Bulgaria.

16. Lord Kitchener telegraphed recalling Sir Ian Hamilton.

17. Sir Ian Hamilton issued his farewell order.

20. General Munro, in London, received instructions to proceed to the near east and take over command of the M.E.F.

23. Wreck of Marquette--10 nurses drowned.

30. General Sir Charles Munro first visits the Peninsula.

Nov. 2. 4th Australian Infantry Brigade arrived from Sarpi Rest Camp.

6. Nish captured by the Austro-Germans.

10. N.Z. Mounted Rifles arrived from Mudros Rest Camp.

13. Lord Kitchener visited Anzac.

13. Mr. Winston Churchill resigned from the British Cabinet.

17. Lt.-Col. Braithwaite, D.S.O., assumed command of N.Z. Infantry Brigade.

22. Battle of Ctesiphen.

24. Period of silence ordered: lasted 72 hours.

Major General Russell took over N.Z. and A. Division.

26. Major General Godley assumed command of Army Corps.

27/28. Commencement of the Great Blizzard.

Dec. 3. General Townshend besieged at Kut-el-Amara.

8. General Munro ordered General Birdwood to proceed with the evacuation of Anzac and Suvla.

10/11. All sick, wounded, surplus troops, vehicles and valuable stores removed.

12. Announced at Anzac that a winter rest camp would be formed at Imbros. Surplus guns removed.

15. Detailed orders issued for the evacuation.

16. All ranks were warned of the impending operations.

19. The last night of the evacuation of Anzac and Suvla.

20. Evacuation of Anzac and Suvla completed by daylight. Troops disembarked at Lemos.

21. Brig.-Gen. F. E. Johnston returned to Mudros and took over N.Z. Infantry Brigade; Lt.-Col. W. G. Braithwaite proceeded to Egypt to take over N.Z. Rifle Brigade. Col. E. W. C. Chaytor took over N.Z. Mounted Rifle Brigade.

25. Christmas Day mostly spent at sea on transports returning to Egypt. Troops transferred to Egypt between December 21 and 31.

1916.

Jan. 9. Evacuation from Cape Helles completed.

1918.

Sept. 29. Surrender of Bulgaria.

Oct. 31. Surrender of Turkey.

A Note by the Author.

Thanks are due, and are here tendered, to Generals Sir Ian Hamilton and Sir William Birdwood for their most interesting forewords. They with their authority and special knowledge, have said what might have been difficult for a New Zealand officer.

I might also be permitted to say that from Sir James Allen I have received most sympathetic encouragement. Any criticisms that I have made appear without alteration, as the opinion of myself speaking for the soldiers. My only aim has been to put the case before the people of New Zealand as it occurred to the soldiers serving overseas.

The writing of this volume has not been easy. The records of the New Zealanders at Gallipoli are far from complete, as Embarkation Rolls, War Diaries and Returns of Casualties were kept by soldiers who frequently became casualties; often the stress was so great that the continuity of these records was broken. As the Company or Regimental records box was sometimes lost altogether, it is difficult to reconstruct the story. But by the aid of diaries, soldiers' letters, personal experience and the willing assistance of old comrades, this story of the New Zealanders at Gallipoli has been written. It would be easier to write a history of the Crimean war, for the soldiers who fought at Inkerman are nearly all dead, but many of the veterans of Gallipoli happily survive and are keen critics. I can only throw myself on their charity.

For considerable help, particularly in the later chapters, I am indebted to Major Wallingford, M.C., Lt.-Colonel Powles, C.M.G., D.S.O., Lt.-Colonel Grigor, D.S.O., Major Lampen, D.S.O., Major Blair, D.S.O., M.C., and Colonel Findlay, C.B.; to my thousand and one other helpers--distinguished generals, unknown soldiers, and harassed typists--I can only say "Thank you!" They will understand that a record of their names would be almost a nominal roll of the Main Body and the Staff of Base Records.

The photographs are unique in that they were all taken by soldiers serving in the line. Working on my own collection as a basis I was fortunate enough to secure those of Captain Boxer, N.Z.M.C., and Sergeant Tite, N.Z.E., whose beautiful photographs will be found duly acknowledged. Just before going to Press I received a number of photographs taken by members of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles, in December 1918, and to Colonel Findlay and Captain Douglas Deans special thanks are due. Wherever possible photographs have been acknowledged, but some of which I cannot trace the owners are included. From these I shall be glad to hear, so that acknowledgment may be made in future editions. It is only right to say that whenever I have asked a soldier or a sailor for permission to use photographs, that permission has been freely given. In not one case has there been a refusal--for that is the way of the men of Anzac.

My rough maps and sketches have been transformed into works of art by A. E. West, Esq., and W. Bedkober, Esq. All distances in the Anzac area should be measured on the large folded map at the end of the volume.

I cannot say how indebted I am to J. Jeffery, Esq., of Anderson's Bay, Dunedin, for valuable suggestions, and to W. Slater, Esq., who has helped me with the proofs.

Waiwera South,

November, 1919.

* * * * *

_Printed and Published under the Authority of the New Zealand Government by_

WHITCOMBE AND TOMBS LIMITED

WELLINGTON,

AUCKLAND, CHRISTCHURCH, DUNEDIN.

1921

End of Project Gutenberg's New Zealanders at Gallipoli, by Major Fred Waite