Chapter III: Act III (2)

Is anything known further of the above Sir Richard Poole, Knight, or of his "progeny"? From a comparison of the dates before given with that of the time in which the father of the Cardinal flourished, it seems not improbable (in the absence of direct proof to the contrary) that he removed into Buckinghamshire, and was father of "Geoffry Pole," who married Edith St. John, as shown. Cardinal Pole, however, was born (in 1500) at Stoverton Castle in _Worcestershire_, and the fact that he was named Reginald, as borne by the son of Robert, the first ancestor of "Poole" (as shown in the above extract), as well as by other members of the baronet family, would tend to confirm the supposition of a common ancestry. The reasons for the change in the family bearing suggested by J. G. N. seem highly probable, besides being the usual course adopted by younger sons for difference. I would here suggest another Query: Was Sir Richard, or his son Henry, created Lord Montague? Burke seems to be at variance with other testimony I have found on the matter. He says:

"Sir Richard Pole, K.G., [was] summoned to Parliament in 1553 [Query,
1503], as Baron Montague: he m. Lady Margaret Plantagenet, dau. of Geo.
Duke of Clarence, and left issue four sons and one daughter, viz.
Henry, _second Baron_ Montague (whose daughters and coheirs were,
Katherine, wife of Francis, second Earl of Huntingdon; and Winifred, m.
first to Sir Thomas Hastings, and, secondly, to Sir Thomas Barrington).
2. Geffery, Sir. 3. Arthur. 4. Reginald, the celebrated Cardinal. 5.
Ursula, m. to Henry Lord Stafford."

In a list of attainders appended to the 2nd volume of Debrett's _Peerage_, the date 1504 is given as the creation, and 1538 the forfeiture of the title. Wotton says (vol. i. p. 32.):

"Sir Thomas Barrington, high sheriff of Essex and Hertford, 4 Eliz."
1561, "m. Winifred d. and coheir of Henry Pole, _Lord Mountague_ (son
of Sir Richard Pole, _Knight of the Garter_" only), "by Margaret
Countess of Salisbury, dau. to Geo. Duke of Clarence, brother to King
Edward VI."

That "marvellous" historian, Sir Richard Baker, in his _Chronicle_ (ed. 1696, pp. 246. 271. 286., &c.), records, under the reign of Hen. VII. (cir. 1503):

"Prince Arthur, after his marriage, was sent again into Wales, to keep
_that country in good order_, to whom were appointed for councillors
Sir Richard _Pool_, his _kinsman_ and chief chamberlain, Sir Henry
Vernon," &c.

I find no trace of the title till 15 Hen. VIII. (1524): {568}

"All this while King Henry had play'd with the French, but now he seems
to be in earnest, and therefore sends over the Duke of Suffolk with an
army, the four and twentieth of August, attended with the Lord
Montacute and his _brother_, _Sir_ Arthur Pool, with many other knights
and gentlemen."

On the knighthood of this _Sir_ Arthur I find, farther on,--

"On _Allholland_ (Query, All-hallows) day, in the chief church of Roy,"
(the Duke) "made knights, Lord Herbert (son of the Earl of Worcester),
the Lord Powis, Oliver Manners, Arthur Pool, &c.

And now--

The 3rd Nov. (1538) Henry Courtney, Marquess of Exeter and Earl of
Devonshire, _Henry Pool_, _Lord Montacute_, Sir Nicholas Carew, of
Bedington, Knight of the Garter and Master of the Horse, and Sir Edward
Nevill, brother to the Lord _Aburgenny_, were sent to the Tower, being
accused by Sir Geoffry _Pool_, the Lord Montacute's brother, of high
treason. They were indicted for devising to promote and advance _one
Reinald_ (Qy. Reginald) _Pool_ to the crown, and _put down_ K. Henry.
_This Pool was a near kinsman of the king's_ (being the son of the Lady
Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, daughter and heir to George, Duke of
Clarence). He had been brought up by the king in learning, and made
Dean of Exeter; but being _after sent_ to learn experience by travel,
he grew so great a friend of the Pope's that he became an enemy to King
Henry, and _for his enmity to the king_ was by Pope Julius III. made
cardinal. For this man's cause the lords aforesaid being condemned were
all executed; the Lord Marquess, the Lord Montacute, and Sir Edward
Nevill, beheaded on the Tower Hill the ninth of January; Sir Nicholas
Carew the third of March; two priests condemned with them were hanged
at Tyburn: Sir Geoffry _Pool_, though condemned also, yet had his
pardon."

I give this last quotation entire (hoping to be pardoned for its length), as it affords a curious insight into the eventful history of the period; for, two years later, I find it on record that--

"_Reynold Pool, Cardinal_, brother to the Lord Montacute, was with
divers others attainted of high treason; of whom Foskeue and Dingley
the tenth of July were beheaded, the Countess of Salisbury two years
after."

But I forbear quoting further the account of this same cardinal's pompous "_absolution of these realms_," and "_reconciliation to the church of Rome_," all which are given in "marvellous" detail by our worthy historian. I pass on to observe, in conclusion, that, from the fact (as recorded in the first of the foregoing historic extracts) that "Sir Richard _Pool_, chamberlain" to Prince Arthur, was sent by him into _Wales_, I gather your correspondent I. J. H. H. has been led to suppose him a _Welsh knight_. That he is called a _kinsman_ of the prince is also some confirmation of the statement afforded by J. G. N., that he became so by his mother's near connexion with the Countess of Richmond, but his own alliance with the house of Plantagenet must have taken place about the close of the fifteenth century (and I own this offers some objection to my theory of his descent); it could not have occurred in 1513, as your correspondent states, since Cardinal Pole was, as I have stated, born in 1500, and was therefore fifty-four years old at the commencement of Mary's reign, viz. 1553-4, when proposals were made for his marriage with the queen; for, says Sir Richard, once more, in speaking, of "the marriages propounded for Queen Mary:"

"One was Cardinal Pool, of a dignity not much inferior to kings, and by
his mother descended from kings; _but there was an exception against
him also, because four and fifty years old_ (as old a batchelor as
Queen Mary was a maid)," &c. &c.

May I be allowed to suggest another Query as to the value of the aforesaid dignity of knighthood, since Lord Herbert and Lord Powis accepted it with men of plainer name and "lesser note." I should feel obliged to any of your correspondents for information on this point.

H. W. S. T.

Southampton.

[Footnote 6: _English Baronets_, vol. ii. p. 546. ed. 1727.]

* * * * *

PROCLAMATIONS TO PROHIBIT THE USE OF COAL.

(Vol. v., p. 513.)

I have recently, for a definite purpose, searched for facts relative to the introduction of coal into domestic use, but I have not met with the case referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner. So harsh a measure appears somewhat inconsistent with other facts connected with the early history of coal. For instance, a grant, dated 7th May, in the 34th of Edward I. tolerates the introduction of sea-coal into London, but levies a toll of sixpence upon every ship-load passing London Bridge: "De qualibet navata carbonis maris venal. sex denarios" (Hearne's _Liber Niger Scaccarii_: Lond. 1774, 8vo. p. 480.), which toll was to be applied to the maintenance of the said bridge. A few months after this, in 1306, was issued the proclamation prohibiting its use; and on its being disregarded, was, as stated by Prynne, followed by a Commission of Oyer and Terminer in the year 1307, a short time before the death of Edward I. It is pretty evident that on the accession of Edward II. a great change occurred in the opinion of the authorities respecting the use of coal; for in the year 1308 fifty pounds (equal probably to 800l. of our money) were paid from the Exchequer to provide wood and _coal_ for the king's coronation. (_Issue Roll, Excheq._, 1 Edw. II.) This sum was paid to John Fairhod, Thomas de Hales, Thomas Wastel, Roger le White, and John de Talworth. We cannot tell the quantity of coal used on that occasion; but, in addition to the above sum we find Richard del Hurst of London petitioning Parliament for the payment of ten {569} shillings to him for sea-coal supplied at the king's coronation. (_Rot. Parl._, 15 and 16 Edw. II., vol. i. p. 405.) Many facts might be given to show that coal was frequently used in London during the reign of Edward II.; and unless we are to infer that the king used without hesitation that which was denied to the citizens on pain of death, we cannot suppose that any such stringent measure was in force as to render the use of coal a capital offence. The period, therefore, in which the case referred to by Dr. Bachhoffner occurred, was most probably during the last few months of the reign of Edw. I. But I am not acquainted with any record of the case, and, with MR. WILSON, should feel obliged if any of your correspondents can refer me to it. But perhaps the Doctor himself will kindly answer the Query.

F. SOMNER MERRYWEATHER.

* * * * *

RALPH WINTERTON.

(Vol. v., pp. 346. 419.)

You mention that a Latin distich by Winterton may be found among the Additional MSS. in the British Museum. And at p. 420. his publication of _Hypocrates_ is referred to, with a Query as to the Latin verse translation. As this book (not I believe very common) is now before me, I transcribe the title:

"'[Greek: Hippokratous tou Megalou hoi aphorismoi; pezikoi te kai
emmetroi.] Hippocratis Magni Aphorismi, soluti et metrici. Interprete
Joanne Heurnio medico _Ultrajectino_. _Metaphrastis_, Joanne Frero
Medico-Poëta et Radulpho Wintertono Medicinæ, et Poëseos Græcæ
studioso, _Anglis_.

Alexandri Magni Apophthegma.

[Greek: Basilikon esi, ton eu poiounta kakôs akouein.]

_Regale_ est, bene cùm feceris, male audire.

_Catabrigiæ._ _Excudebant_ Thomas Buck et Rogerus Daniel, MDCXXXIII."

The volume is 12mo., and dedicated to William [Laud?], Bishop of London. Then follow "Reverendorum S. Theol. Professorum Censuræ," including those of Thomas Comber, Dean of Carlisle, and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge; Matthew Wren, Dean of Windsor, and Master of Peterhouse, &c. The aphorisms are given each in the original Greek, with a metrical version in the same language, followed by prose and metrical versions in Latin.

At the end of my copy is bound up, as probably it was printed to accompany the preceding,

"Epigrammata Regiorum Medicinæ Professorum, Cantabrigiensis atque
Oxoniensis, &c. In Rad. Wintertoni Metaphrasin nuper editam, &c.,
quibus accedunt Epigrammata Therapeutica ejusdem, ad malevolorum
lectorum ægritudines."

Cantabrigiæ, same date and printers. One of the Epigrammata throws some light on the Query in Vol. v., p. 420., as to the authorship of the _Latin_ version: Edward Hanburie, of Sidney College, says, addressing Winterton,--

"Gratum opus hoc Medicis. Tu primus carmine _Græco_
Metiris."

The volume closes with some Latin elegiac verses by Winterton on the death of his brother Francis, who, leaving the office of Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to the Queen,

"In Castra transiit. Is pro patria mortuus, Custrinæ,
in finibus Silesiæ, honorifice, et sicut militem decuit,
sepultus est."

This supplementary volume is partly occupied with complimentary verses by the fellows of King's, who address Winterton as

"Medicum a suis juxta statuta designatum."

Among these is one copy by Gulielmus _Sclater_, C. R. C., "Socius Inceptor in Artibus;" and another by Johannes _Sclater_, C. R. C., quondam Socius, S. T. B. 1613. I indicate these as having lately called the attention of your readers to this family.

BALLIOLENSIS.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Family of Bullen_ (Vol. v., p. 127.).--There is a physician of that name, who is, I believe, one of the professors in the Queen's College, Cork, and who may probably be able to afford your correspondent E. A. G. the information he wishes for. I have been informed that Dr. Bullen's father asserted that his family was descended from the Boleyn family.

J. E.

_Wallington's Journal_ (Vol. v., p.489.).--This volume is in my possession. It contains much curious and interesting matter.

J. GODWIN.

28. Upper Gower Street.

_The Amber Witch_ (Vol. v., p. 510.).--In answer to a Query of A. N., this book is a pure fiction. Some German biblical critics pretending to decide that whole chapters, or whole books, of the Bible are spurious, from internal evidence, Meinhold wrote the _Amber Witch_ to show how little able they were to judge of internal evidence in a much simpler case. Several of them fell into his trap, and then the author avowed the work to be his own.

T.

_Twyford_ (Vol. v., p. 467.).--There is yet, I am informed, a _double ford_ at Alnmouth, a little above the town. The ancient church, called Woden's Church, stood at the mouth of the Alne. Here was found the cross with the imperfect inscription in Anglo-Saxon runes, now preserved at Alnwick Castle. I am not aware that any local tradition now connects the name of Twyford with Alnmouth.

EDWARD CHARLTON.

{570}

_The Ring Finger_ (Vol. v., p. 492.).--I have met with the following passage in Adam's _Antiquities_ (8vo. ed., p. 429.), which seems to assign another origin to this custom than the one lately proposed in "N. & Q.":

"On this occasion" (_i. e._ the signing of the marriage contract)
"there was commonly a feast: and the man gave the woman a ring
(_annulus pronubus_) by way of pledge, _Juvenal_, vi. 27., which she
put on her left hand, on the finger next the least; because it was
believed a nerve reached from thence to the heart: _Macrob. Sat._ vii.
15."

ERYX.

_Brass of Lady Gore_ (Vol. v., p. 412.).--This brass still exists, and commemorates Maria Gore, _Priorissa_, 1436, attired simply as a widow. Owing to its actual existence having been but recently known to collectors of rubbings, no mention was made of it in the _Oxford Manual_. For the same reason there is no notice of a very interesting brass of a bishop or abbot, date end of fourteenth century, at Adderley, Salop. The editor of the above work would take this opportunity of thanking MR. W. S. SIMPSON for his corrections ("N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 369.). The rubbing, or rather smudging, from which the inscription was copied being nearly wholly illegible, accounts for the mistakes. Any further corrections will oblige

THE EDITOR OF THE "OXFORD MANUAL OF BRASSES."

Gloucester.

_Gospel Trees._--Several Numbers of "N. & Q." have contained interesting notices of trees which are traditionally reported to indicate the standing-places of out-door preachers. To me, there is something very pleasing and picturesque--if nothing better--in these narrations; and I shall therefore be glad to find them recurring in your pages, whether their claims are of ancient or later date. Every reader of the vigorous poetry of Ebenezer Elliott, a true member of the _genus irritabile_, will recollect Miles Gordon "the Ranter" preacher, and how, in the poet's lines,--

"----The great unpaid! the prophet, lo!
Sublime he stands beneath the Gospel tree,
And Edmund stands on Shirecliffe at his side."

The context, too long to quote here, is a passage descriptive of the scenery in the vicinity of Sheffield in one direction, unsurpassed for graphic scope, freshness, and fidelity in the whole range of English rhyme. But the tree? Hundreds of summer visitors climb the hill, and ask _that_ question; and they are pointed to an ash, which stands in a situation conspicuous enough, but which neither the rest of "the trees of the wood," if they could speak, nor the quarryman, who remembers it when a sappling can allow to be _the_ veritable "Gospel tree" of the poet, though, but for _this_ memorandum in "N. & Q.," it might arrive at that distinction in the course of another century. A neighbouring tree, an oak, which those matter-of-fact judges, the trigonometrical surveyors, have marked with a lofty pole, competes with the aforesaid ash for the reverence of pilgrims but its claim is equally apocryphal. If, however, when on the spot, "it is difficult," according to the old adage, "to find the tree for the wood," as I experienced a few days since, it will ever stand conspicuous enough, in the poet's page, and may even serve to divert or recall attention to "Gospel trees," which have more than poetical claim to that appellation.

H.

"_Who from the dark and doubtful love to run_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--I presume the lines imperfectly quoted by H. M. are to be found in the "Introduction" to the _Parish Register_ by Crabbe, and which, as the book is before me, I will transcribe:

"Oh! rather give me commentators plain,
Who with no deep researches vex the brain,
Who from the dark and doubtful love to run,
And hold their glimmering tapers to the sun."

S. S. S.

_Son of the Conqueror; Walker Tyrrel_ (Vol. v., p. 512.).--No other son of William the Conqueror, except William Rufus, was slain by an arrow in the New Forest. A grandson, however, of the Conqueror, Richard, son of Robert Duke of Normandy, met with the same fate as Rufus, as stated by the cotemporary chronicler, Florentius Wigornensis. (Edition of the Historical Society, vol. ii. p. 45.) Immediately after describing the death of William Rufus, he says:

"Nam et antea ejusdem Willelmi junioris germanus, Ricardus, in eadem
foresta multo ante perierat, et paulo ante _suus fratruelis_, Ricardus,
comitis scilicet Normannorum Rotberti filius, dum et ipse in venatu
fuisset, a suo milite sagitta percussus, interiit."

Probably Sir N. Wraxhall or his authority had read this statement hastily, and had construed _fratruelis_ brother instead of _nephew_, which is the correct sense of the word.

Your correspondent asks further for the authority for the death of William Rufus. Every historian of that day--Florentius Wigornensis and the Saxon chronicler among others--gives the received account of his death, except Suger, a Norman abbot, who says that Sir W. Tyrrel took a solemn oath to him that he was not the slayer of the king, but that the arrow came from an unknown hand.

There can, I think, be little doubt but that Sir W. Tyrrel's was the hand that drew the bow; whether, however, he intended to kill the king or not, is a point which it is probable, after the time that has elapsed, will never be satisfactorily determined.

R. C. C.

Oxon.

{571}

_Sir Gilbert Gerrard_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--I beg to refer MR. SPEDDING to Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_, by Harwood (1820), p. 83., who states that Sir Gilbert Gerrard died in 1592, and that he was buried in Ashley churchyard in that county, under a handsome monument. Probably the inscription on it will give the precise date, and some of your readers may be able to refer to it, and send the communication to "N. & Q." His death must have occurred between January 8, 1592, 34 Elizabeth, the date of his will as given in Dugdale's _Baronage_, vol. ii. p. 417., and the following April; if Dugdale is right in saying that it was then proved. But on referring to the _Baga de Secretis_, the contents of which are so excellently calendared by Sir Francis Palgrave in the Appendices to his third, fourth, and fifth reports as deputy-keeper of the Public Records, it appears that Sir Gilbert was named in a commission of Oyer and Terminer, on March 22; that he signed a precept under it for the return of the grand jury, on April 11; and that he signed another precept to the lieutenant of the Tower for bringing up Sir John Perrott before the justices, on _June 12_, all in 34 Elizabeth, 1592. (Fourth Report, Appendix II. pp. 282, 283.) It would seem, therefore, that Dugdale has erred in the date he assigns to the probate of Sir Gilbert's will. A search, however, at Doctors' Commons will solve the difficulty.

Edward Foss.

_Fides Carbonarii_ (Vol. iv., pp. 233. 283.; Vol. v., p. 523.).--The Collier's Confession of Faith did not originate with Dr. Milner, but is at least three hundred years old. Cardinal Hosius commends it highly (_De auctor. sacræ Script._: Opp. fol. 263.: Antverp. 1556), and so does Staphylus likewise (_Apologia_, fol. 83.: Colon. 1562). Bellarmin gives another version of the narrative, which he has taken from Petrus Barocius (_De arte bene moriendi_, lib. ii. cap. ix. pp. 200-203.: Antverp. 1620). Your correspondents should not have forgotten the concluding question and answer in what Crakenthorp has styled "The Colliar's Catechisme" (_Vigilius Dormitans_, p. 187.: Lond. 1631). The entire of the conversation may be represented thus:

"What do you believe?"

"I believe what the Church believes."

"And what does the Church believe?"

"The Church believes what I believe."

"And what do you both believe?"

"The same thing."

R. G.

_Line on Franklin_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.; Vol. v., pp. 17. 549.).--

"Eripuit Jovi fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis."

I do not exactly see the object of MR. WARDEN'S inquiry (if it indeed be one), as your correspondent R. D. H. had already traced it from Cardinal Polignac to Manilius; but, as perhaps MR. WARDEN means to inquire where _he_ may have read it, I beg leave to inform him that line was first published as anonymous in the _Correspondence de Grimm et de Diderto_, April, 1778, and was lately reproduced in the _Quarterly Review_ for June, 1850, with the addition that it was from the pen of _Turgot_, as the authority, I presume, of the Life, art. TURGOT, in the _Biographie Universelle_.

C.

_Meaning of Royd as an Addition to Yorkshire Names_ (Vol. v., p. 489.).--The glossary to Hulton's _Coucher Book of Whalley Abbey_ at once gives it thus:

"RODA, an assart, or clearing. Rode land is used in this sense in
modern German, in which the verb roden means to clear. The combination
of the syllable rod, _rode_, or _royd_, with some other term, or with
the name of an original settler, has, no doubt, given to particular
localities such designations as Huntroyd, Ormerod, &c., &c."

See also Lower _On Surnames_ (3rd edit. i. 85.), and an elaborate note in Dr. Whitaker's _Whalley_, referred to in his account of Ormerod (3rd edit. p. 364.).

In the sense which Dr. W. gives to _Rode_, or _Royd_, as "a participial substantive of the provincial verb _rid_, to clear or grub up," that word will be found singly, or in combination, near forests and chases from the Lancashire Pendle to the Devonshire Dartmoor. It occurs also in Rodmore, Rodleys, &c., in the forest district of Gloucestershire over Severn; and Murray's _Handbook_ may be referred to for Wernigerode, Elbingerode, &c., in the Hartz forest of Germany.

In Lancashire and Yorkshire the adjunct sometimes refers to the _early proprietor_, as in Monkroyd, Martinrode, &c.; sometimes to the _trees ridded_, as in Oakenrode, Acroyd, Hollinrode, Holroyd, &c.; sometimes to other characteristics. Instances of all kinds will be found in the _Whalley Coucher Book_, printed by the Chetham Society.

LANCASTRIENSIS.

_Binnacle_ (Vol. v., p. 499.).--This word, which signifies the case or covering of the compass, was until the last thirty years spelled and pronounced "bittacle," and is derived, I should imagine, from the French word _habitacle_, a little habitation, a hut, a covering. It is almost the only one of our nautical terms which can be traced to a French origin.

C. K.

_Plague Stones_ (Vol. v., p. 500.).--I have not observed that any of your correspondents have noticed the stones near the romantic village of Eyam, about four and a half miles E. N. E. of Tideswell in Derbyshire.

It is well known that this village suffered most severely from the plague; and the inhabitants still revere the memory of their pastor Mr. Nompesson, who nobly refused to desert his flock in the hour of danger, and fell a sacrifice to his devotion. I became acquainted with these stones some years {572} ago, when on tour through Derbyshire, and, if I remember rightly, they are about two and a half feet high, one foot and a half in diameter, with a hollow place on the top like a dish, in which we were told the money of the "plague village" people was placed for the food, &c. that was brought to this boundary line by the people of the neighbourhood. The cavity in the stone was of course full of water.

J. G. C.

_Ramasshed_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--The Fr. _ramas_ (as also _ramon_) is "_boughs_ formed into a _besom_ or broom," Fr. _rameau_, from the Lat. _ramus_. To _ramass_ or _ramash_ is "to put or sweep together, as with a broom." Thus, Hackluyt, in his Preface to the Reader, speaks of volumes "most untruly and unprofitablie _ramassed_ or hurled to." To _ramassh_ is also "to use a _ramas_ or a construction of ram_asses_" (in the case of Syr R. Guyldford) as a vehicle for conveyance. The sleds first used for carrying travellers safely down steep hills were probably composed of bough-hurdles, afterwards transformed into barrows and other more convenient carriages.

Q.

_Yankee Doodle_ (Vol. iv., pp. 344. 392.).--The citizens of the United States do not recognise this, but "Hail, Columbia," as their national air.

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

_"Chords that vibrate," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 539.).--

"Chords that vibrate sweetest pleasure,
Thrill the deepest notes of woe."
"On Sensibility. To Mrs. Dunlop, of Dunlop."
Burns's _Poems_, ed. 1800, vol. iv. p. 404.

EDW. HAWKINS.

_Derivation of Martinique_ (Vol. v., pp. 11. 165.).--MR. PHILIP S. KING's statement, that Martinique was discovered on St. Martin's day, is at variance with the account given by the historian of that island, who says that it was discovered on the 15th June, 1502, during Columbus's fourth voyage. The derivation of _Martinique_ from _Martin_ suggests itself so obviously, that, if the discovery had been made on the day (November 11) consecrated to that saint, it is not likely that the local historian would have gone out of his way to fix upon a Caribbean expression, _Martinina_, as the origin of the name.

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

_Anthony Babington_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--W. Kempe, the author of the _Dutiful Invective_, must not be confounded (as is frequently the case) with William Kempe the celebrated actor, and the reputed author of Kemp's _Nine Daies Wonder_. The first-named Kempe was probably a schoolmaster at Plymouth. See the Rev. A. Dyce's Introduction to his reprint of the _Nine Daies Wonder_ (Camden Society, No. 11.).

_The Censure of a Loyall Subject_, which your correspondent (following Herbert) attributes to Kempe, is well known to have been the production of George Whetstone, whose initials are at the end of the Dedication. A copy may be seen in the Library of Lambeth Palace.

The execution of the "fourteen most wicked traitors" (Ballard, Babbington, Tichbourne, &c.) formed the subject of many ballads and tracts, a few of which I am enabled to enumerate:

1. A Proper New Ballad to the Tune of 'Weep, Weep,' by Thomas Deloney,
beginning:

"Rejoice in hart, good people all,
Sing praise to God on hye,
Which hath preserved us by his power,
From traitors tyranny."

Reprinted in Mr. Collier's Old Ballads (Percy Society, No. 1.).

2. "A Ballad of Rejoycinge for the Revealinge of the Quenes Enemyes.
Licensed to Edward Alde, August 24, 1586-7."

3. "A Joyfull Songe made by a Citizen of London in the Behalfe of all
her Majesties Subjects, touching the Joye for the taking of the
Traitors. Licensed to R. Jones, August 27, 1586-7."

4. "A Short Discourse, expressing the Substance of all the late
intended Treasons against the Queenes Majestie and Estates of this
Realme by Sundrie Traytors, &c. Printed by G. Robinson for Edward
White."

This tract contains an interesting ballad by T. Nelson, whom Mr. Collier calls "the ballad-writing bookseller." See _Extracts from the Stationers' Registers_, vol. ii. p. 214. A copy is preserved in the library of Lambeth Palace.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

_Seventh Son_ (Vol. iii. pp. 148. 149.; Vol. v., p. 412.).--Through the information of a friend I awn able to add a curious "modern instance" to my communication printed in the Number of "N. & Q." for May 1. In Saltash Street, Plymouth, my friend copied, on the 10th Dec. 1851, the following inscription on a board, indicating the profession and claims of the inhabitant:--

"A. SHEPHERD,

THE THIRD SEVENTH DAUGHTER,

DOCTRESS."

H. G. T.

Weston-super-Mare.

"_Venit ad Euphratem_" (Vol. v., p. 512.).--The epigram referred to by your correspondent H. M. runs thus:

"Venit ad Euphratem; rapidis perterritus undis,
Ut cito transivit, corripuit medium."

S. Q.

_Sneezing_ (Vol. v., pp. 364. 500.).--I have often seen, but where I cannot now recollect, that the custom of saying "God bless you!" when any one {573} sneezed, arose from the fact that in the great plague of Athens sneezing was an unfailing proof of returning convalescence. Your classical readers will remember the anecdote told in the _Anabasis_ of Xenophon (c. ii. sect. i.-v.). I copy from Mitford, who has besides a note to the purpose:

"At daybreak the troops were assembled, and Chirosophus, Cleanor, and
Xenophon successively addressed them. An accident, in itself even
ridiculous, assisted not a little, through the importance attributed to
it by Grecian superstition, to infuse encouragement. Xenophon was
speaking of that favour from the gods which a righteous cause entitled
them to hope for against a perjured enemy, when somebody _sneezed_.
Immediately the general voice addressed ejaculations to protecting
Jupiter, whose omen it was supposed to be. A sacrifice to the god was
then proposed; a universal shout declared approbation; and the whole
army, in one chorus, sang the Pæan."--_History of Greece_, vol. v. p.
185. cap. xxiii. sect. iv.: Lond. 1835, 8vo.

We must not, however, forget that when Elisha restored the Shunamite's son to life--

"The child _sneezed_ seven times, and the child opened his eyes."--_2
Kings_, iv. 35.

RT.

_Rents of Assize_ (Vol. v., p. 188.).--Has not J. G. misquoted? Is not the line--

"Regis ad exemplar, totus componitur orbis."

J. E.

Rochester.

_Fire unknown_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283. 331.).--In _An Account of the Native Africans of Sierra Leone_, by T. M. Winterbottom: Lond. 1803, 2 vols., occurs the following note to vol. i. p. 75.:--

"It is said that the inhabitants of the Marian or Ladrone islands were
ignorant of the use of fire before they were visited by the Spaniards;
but even then they were acquainted with the mode of producing
intoxication by means of the wine of the cocoa-nut tree."

ZEUS.

_Newtonian System_ (Vol. v., p. 490.).--The author of the pamphlet entitled _The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis explained_, London, 1751, 8vo., was Bishop Horne. He wrote it before he had attained majority, and many attacks were made upon it. It is not included in the edition of his collected works in 6 vols. 8vo. 1809. Bishop Warburton, who cordially disliked the Hutchinsonians, or, as he styled them, the English Cocceians, mentions this tract in his _Letters to Bishop Hurd_:

"There is one book, and that no large one, which I would recommend to
your perusal; it is called _The Theology and Philosophy of Cicero's
Somn. Scip. examined_. It is indeed the ne plus ultra of
Hutchinsonianism. In this twelve-penny pamphlet Newton is proved an
atheist and a blockhead. And what would you more?"--Warburton's
_Letters to Hurd_, edit. 1808, 4to. p. 63.

The anecdote as to Newton, Locke, and Lord Pembroke, p. 27., was first told by Whiston, whose character for accuracy does not stand high, particularly when Sir I. Newton, against whom he bore a grudge, is concerned.

JAS. CROSSLEY.

_Newton, Cicero, and Gravitation_ (Vol. v., p. 344.).--Newton is celebrated for having proved that all bodies attract one another with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance. What resemblance has this to a statement, that all bodies gravitate to the centre of the world, or, as explained by Cicero, the earth? which at most only implies its rotundity. Perhaps S. E. B. was joking, like Hegel, when he said that Newton called 5/A^2 gravitation, and inferred that gravitation varied as 1/A^2. Otherwise modern philosophers, as _e.g._ Kepler, would have supplied much nearer approximations to Newton's law.

ALTRON.

_Rhymes on the Names of Places_ (Vol. v., p. 404.).--I remember hearing the following verse in the neighbourhood of Nottingham:

"Eaton and Taton, and Bramcote o' th' hill,
Beggarly Beeston, and lousy Chilwell;
Waterside Wilford, hey little Lenton!
Ho fine Nottingham! Colwick and Snenton."

The villages whose names occur are all within a few miles of Nottingham.

The following rhyme I have also heard:

"Derbyshire born and Derbyshire bred,
Strong i' th' arm and weak i' the head."

R. C. C.

Oxon.

_Saint Wilfrid's Needle_ (Vol. v., p. 510.), where, according to Burton, "they used to try maids whether they were honest," is not, as B. B. supposes, a stone, but a narrow passage in the crypt beneath the central tower of Ripon Minster. This crypt is of Saxon workmanship, and is probably either a part of the original church built by Saint Wilfrid, or "the new work," which, according to Leland--

"Odo, Archebishop of Cantewarbyri ... causid to be edified, wher the
Minstre now is."

This passage is said to have been used as a place of ordeal through which maidens of suspected honesty were caused to pass,--a feat which none but a virgin could accomplish.

K. P. D. E.

_"Measure for Measure," Act I. Sc. 1._ (Vol. v., p. 535.).--I should be sorry to cast a cloud over the _satisfactory_ elucidation which A. E. B. flatters himself he has made of a passage in _Measure for Measure_, for, if not convincing, it is unquestionably ingenious. I am afraid, however, there is one fatal objection, of which, when pointed out, I {574} doubt not your correspondent will see the force. He says, "the demonstrative pronoun _that_, refers to _the commission_ which the Duke holds in his hand;" but is this the language we in England use? Until the Duke presented the commission,--the act indicated by the words "there is our commission,"--there cannot indeed be much doubt that he held it in his hand; and while he did so, he would as certainly have said _this_, as I speak of _this_ pen with which I write.

Your correspondent challenges comment in assuming that his explanation was satisfactory enough to preclude all correction. At the same time I must confess I am altogether sceptical with regard to Mr. Halliwell's _verb_. As, however, he has excited our curiosity, he will doubtless not object to satisfy it. MR. SINGER's suggestion seems to me worthy of consideration; but, after all, I feel that there is a degree of incoherency in the passage, and so unsatisfactory a connexion between the words "and let them work" and that which precedes, that I cannot help recurring to the idea that a line has been lost,--an accident of not very uncommon occurrence.

SAMUEL HICKSON.

St. John's Wood.

_"Stunt with false care," &c._ (Vol. v., p. 538.).--The lines alluded to, though the first of them is incorrectly quoted, are from George Cox's brilliant satire, _Black Gowns and Red Coats; or, Oxford in 1834_, respecting which some information was recently furnished by your correspondents S. F. C. (Vol. v., p. 297.) and C. W. B. (Vol. v., p. 332.) in reply. The work is perhaps sufficiently scarce to warrant the citation of the whole passage, which occurs at the commencement of Part V.:

"When Philip's son, in all a monarch's pride,
With tempting boons approach'd the barrel's side,
Full in the sun his glitt'ring trains display'd,
And sought to cumber with officious aid,
The Cynic sneer'd, and only begg'd in spite
The free enjoyment of the beams of light.
Such were the humble prayer, the meek request
That Oxford's sons might ask their tyrants best;
The full out-pouring on their blinded youth
Of Nature's sunbeams, and the light of truth,
Rest from the burking systems of the sect,
Who kill with care more fatal than neglect,
Who twist with force unnatural aside
The straight young branches in their heaven-ward pride,
_With culture spoil_ what else would flourish wild,
And rock the cradle till they bruise the child."

The poem in question, which is equal in talent to anything that has appeared since the days of Pope, was published by Ridgway in 1834, but is now rarely to be met with, though I never heard of its being suppressed.

G. T. D.

_The Lines on Chaucer_ (Vol. v., p. 536.).--The lines about which ELIZA inquires are not quoted by her quite correctly. They are by Mr. W. J. Fox, and may be found in the little volume entitled _Hymns and Anthems_ (published by Chas. Fox, 1845), used at the Unitarian Chapel in South Place, Finsbury. No. CXXIII. begins thus:

"Britain's first poet,
Famous old Chaucer,
Swan-like in dying,
Sang his last song,
When at his heart-strings
Death's hand was strong," &c.

JAYDEE.

_Will O' the Wisp_ (Vol. v., p. 511.).--Will O' the Wisp still lives by the banks of Trent; but alas! his reign is almost over. Fifty years ago he might be seen nightly dancing over bog and brake; but since the process of warping has been discovered, which has made valuable property of what was before a morass, nearly the whole of the commons between Gainsborough and the Humber have been brought into cultivation, and the drainage consequent thereon has nearly banished poor Will.

Any person wishing to make his acquaintance would probably succeed, if he were to pass a night next November on Brumby or Scotton common.

K. P. D. E.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

A late eminent scholar was in the habit of advising his friends, when in doubt which of two books to buy: "If one of them is a Dictionary, always buy the Dictionary:"--and the noble library which he bequeathed to the public shows that he himself always acted upon this principle. What he said of Dictionaries generally, will apply with particular force to the very admirable _Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art; comprising the History, Description, and Scientific Principles of every Branch of Human Knowledge, with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in General Use_, edited by Professor Brande and Dr. Cauvin, with the assistance of many eminent literary and scientific gentlemen, of which the second edition is now before us. Our impression on opening it was, that NOTES & QUERIES would find its occupation gone: and, although it is obvious that such cannot be the case, we feel sure that if all Querists upon ordinary subjects would turn to this excellent compendium of general information before transmitting to us many such inquiries as we now receive, they would at once be put in possession of the information of which they are in search; and we should be spared a very considerable amount of labour. The object which the proprietors proposed to themselves in the one closely printed volume of which the {575} book consists, has been to supply the place of those large Encyclopædias and Dictionaries of modern times which are either too voluminous or too special for ready reference and general use; and to produce, in a form which should admit of its being carried about, a work which, without entering into long details of theories, &c., should exhibit an _abstract of the principles of every branch of knowledge, and a definition and explanation of the various terms in Science, Literature, and Art_, which occur in reading or conversation, with that facility of reference and precision of statement which ought to be the distinguishing features of a useful Dictionary. Thanks to the knowledge and good judgment of the editors and their assistants, this object has been so successfully accomplished, that Brande's _Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art_, may be pronounced as at once a valuable substitute for a small library, and an indispensable accompaniment and key to a large one.

The new volume (the sixth), which has just been issued, of Messrs. Rivington's handsome edition of _The Works and Correspondence of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke_, is one of peculiar interest, inasmuch as in addition to his Tracts on the Laws against Popery in Ireland, and his Reports of the House of Commons on the affairs of the East India Company, and the Charges against Warren Hastings, it contains his Hints for an Essay on the Drama, and the Essay towards an Abridgment of the English History in Three Books.

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A NARRATIVE OF THE PROCEEDINGS IN THE DOUGLAS CAUSE. London, Griffin, 8vo. 1767.

CLARE'S POEMS. Fcap. 8vo. Last edition.

POETIC WREATH. 8vo. Newman.

MALLET'S ELVIRA.

MAGNA CHARTA; a Sermon at the Funeral of Lady Farewell, by George Newton. London, 1661.

BOOTHBY'S SORROWS SACRED TO THE MEMORY OF PENELOPE. Cadell and Davies. 1796.

CHAUCER'S POEMS. Vol. I. Aldine Edition.

BIBLIA SACRA, Vulg. Edit., cum Commentar. Menochii. Alost and Ghent, 1826. Vol I.

BARANTE, DUCS DE BOURGOGNE. Vols. I. and II. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd Edit. Paris. Ladvocat. 1825.

BIOGRAPHIA AMERICANA, by a Gentleman of Philadelphia.

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THE BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's edition in 100 Vols., with plates.

REPOSITORY OF PATENTS AND INVENTIONS. Vol. XLV. 2nd Series. 1824.

------------------------ Vol. V. 3rd Series. 1827.

NICHOLSON'S PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNAL. Vols. XIV. XV. 1806.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN. No. XI. 2nd Series.

WORKS OF ISAAC BARROW, D.D., late Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. London, 1683. Vol. I. Folio.

LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. XII. XIII., cloth.

FABRICII BIBLIOTHECA LATINA. Ed. Ernesti. Leipsig, 1773. Vol. III.

THE ANACALYPSIS. By Godfrey Higgins. 2 Vols. 4to.

CODEX DIPLOMATICUS ÆVI SAXONICI, opera J. M. Kemble. Vols. I. and II. 8vo.

ECKHEL, DOCTRINA NUMORUM. Vol. VIII.

BROUGHAM'S MEN OF LETTERS. 2nd Series, royal 8vo., boards. Original edition.

KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Royal 8vo. Parts XLII. XLIII. XLIV. L. and LI.

CONDER'S ANALYTICAL VIEW OF ALL RELIGIONS. 8vo.

HALLIWELL ON THE DIALECTS OF SOMERSETSHIRE.

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REPLIES RECEIVED.--_The Amber Witch--The Moon and her Influences--Gilbert de Clare--Edmund Bohun--Mr. Miller of Craigentinny--Passage in "Measure for Measure"--Fides Carbonarii--Oasis--Lord Bacon a Poet--Burials in Woollen--Gabriel Hounds--Ben Jonson's adopted Sons--Market Crosses--Large Families--The Death Watch--Baxter's Shove--Tortoise-shell Tom Cats--Tregonwell Frampton--John Roger the Protomartyr--Epigram on the Euphrates--Titles of the Queen of England--Gospel of the Distaffs--The Number Seven--After me the Deluge--Restiff--Seven Senses--Mummy Wheat--Lines on Woman--St. Wilfrid's Needle--Will o' the Wisp--Cross Neytz--Surnames--Curse of Scotland--Lines on Crawford of Kilbirnie--The Empress Josephine--Stunt with false Care--Lines on Burning of the Houses of Parliament--Hoax on Sir Walter Scott--Amyciæ--Reason and Understanding--Shakspeare's Seal--St. Patrick--Mistletoe--Nacar--The Oak and the Ash--Toady or Toadeater--Sun Dial Motto--Frebord--Rhymes on Places--Addison and Maxwell--King Arthur--Rabbit as a Symbol--St. Christopher and the Doree--Smyth's MSS.--Term Milesian--Spanish Vessels wrecked on Coast of Ireland._

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{576}

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