Chapter II: Part 2

[NARES has shown, very satisfactorily, that _Gib_, the
contraction of _Gilbert_, was the name formerly applied to a
cat, as _Tom_ is now. He states that _Tibert_ (the name
given to the Cat in the old Reynard the Fox) was the old French for
_Gilbert_; and at all events, be that as it may, Chaucer, in
his _Romance of the Rose_, verse 6204., translates "Thibert le
Cas" by "Gibbe our Cat."]

_Lay of the Phoenix._--"SELEUCUS" is informed that the Anglo-Saxon Lay of the Phoenix is contained in the _Codex Exoniensis_, edited by Mr. B. Thorpe. The Latin poem, in hexameters and pentameters, attributed to Lactantius, is given at the foot of the page. It will be found at the end of the works of Lactantius, in the small edition by Fritzsche (Lipsiæ, 1842). Fritzsche mentions two separate editions of the poem; 1. by Martini, Lunæburgi, 1825; 2. by Leyser, Quedlinburgi, 1839.

C.W.G.

_Lay of the Phoenix._--"SELEUCUS" (No. 13, p. 203.) asks, "Is there any published edition of the hexameter poem by Lactantius, which is said to have suggested the idea of the Anglo-Saxon _Lay of the Phoenix_?" This poem is not in hexameter, but in elegiac verse; and though, on account of its brevity, we could not expect that it would have been separately published, it is to be found very commonly at the end of the works of Lactantius; for example, in three editions before me, Basil. 1524, Lugd. 1548, Basil. 1563. That this poem, however, belongs to the Christian Cicero, at any period of his life, is more than doubtful, even by the admission of Romanists, who readily avail themselves of other compositions of similar authority. It has been sometimes ascribed to Venantius Fortunatus, and is by Sirmondus attributed to Theodulphus, Bishop of Orleans. (_Opp._, ii. 840. cf. iv. 519. Venet. 1728.)

R.G.

_Ordination Pledges._--Your correspondent, "CLERICUS" (no. 10. p. 156.), will find by far the most elaborate and judicious examination of the import, design, and obligation of the various oaths and subscriptions required of the clergy, in the successive numbers of _The Christian Observer_ for 1849.

E.V.

_Feast of St, Michael and All-Angels._--The difficulty started by "K.M.P." (No. 13, p. 203.), with regard to the double second lessons for the Feast of St. Michael and All-Angels, is easily resolved by comparing the Table of Proper Lessons before and after the last review of the _Prayer Book_ in 1662; from which it will be seen, that the proper _second_ lessons were then appointed for the first time, while the old second lessons for Sept. 29. were retained, either from inadvertence, or to avoid the necessity of disarranging all the subsequent part of the calendar. The present first lessons, Gen. xxxii., and Dan. x. v. 5., at the same time took the place of the inappropriate chapters, Eccles. xxxix. and xliv., which had been appointed for this day in Queen Elizabeth's Prayer Book, 1559.

E. V.

_Beaver Hat._--Mr. T. Hudson Turner (No. 7. p. 100.) asks, "What is the earliest known instance of the use of a _beaver hat_ in England?"

(236}Fairholt (_Costume in England_) says, the earliest notice of it is in the reign of Elizabeth, and gives the following quotation from Stubbe's _Anatomy of Abuses,_ 1580:--

"And as the fashions be rare and strange, so is the stuff
whereof their hats be made divers also; for some are
of silk, some of velvet, some of taffetie, some of sarcenet,
some of wool, and, which is more curious, some of a certain
kind of fine haire; these they call _bever hattes_, of
xx, xxx, or xl shillings price, fetched from beyond the seas,
from whence a great sort of other varieties doe come besides."

GASTROS.

_Meaning of "Pisan."_--Mr. Turner (No. 7. p.100.) asks the meaning of the term _pisan_, used in old records for some part of defensive armour.

Meyrick (_Ancient Armour_, vol. i. p. 155, 2d ed.) gives a curious and interesting inventory of the arms and armour of Louis le Hutin, King of France, taken in the year 1316, in which we find, "Item 3 coloretes _Pizanes_ de jazeran d'acier." He describes _pizane_ (otherwise written _pizaine, pusen, pesen_) as a collar made, or much in fashion, at Pisa. The jazeran armour was formed of overlapping plates. In the metrical romance of _Kyng Alisaunder_, edited by Webber, occur the lines--

"And Indiens, and Emaniens,
With swordes, lances, and _pesens._"

Weber explains the _pesens_ here as gorgets, armour for the neck.

In more recent MSS. _pisan_ may be a contraction for _partisan_, a halberd.

I cannot agree with your correspondent "A.F." (p.90), that the nine of diamonds was called "the curse (cross) of Scotland" from its resemblance to the cross of St. Andrew, which has the form of the Roman X; whereas the pips on the nine of diamonds are arranged in the form of the letter H. "Mend the instance."

Erratum. P. 181 col. 2. line 3., for _obscurities_, read _obscenities._

Cambridge, Jan. 31. 1850.

GASTROS.

_Pokership--God tempers the Wind_.--I am disposed to think that _Parkership_ will turn out to be the right explanation, because almost every forest or chase contained a _fenced park_, in which the deer were confined; and the charge of the woods and park might be consigned to the same person; and the error in spelling the word was probably copied from one genealogist to another.

Nevertheless, Mr. Corney's conjecture may be right, as Forby (_Vocabulary,_ vol. ii. p. 258.) mentions Poke-Day as the day on which the allowance of corn is made to the labourers, _who, in some places, receive a part of their wages in that form._ Now the _Pokerer_ might be the officer who distributed the grain on these occasions.

I open my note to add, that Mr. Gutch (No. 14. p. 211.) will find, in Sterne's _Sentimental Journey_,--"_God tempers the wind_," said Maria, "to the shorn lamb."

The words which I have underlined are printed in Italics in my edition of the work (London, 12mo. 1790), which may indicate that they are quoted from some other author.

BRAYBROOKE.

Audley End, Feb. 2.

_Walewich or Watewich._--I have made the reference suggested by "W.B.M."

Canute was residing at Walewich, and the Abbot of Ely was consecrated there by the Archbishop of Canterbury. This "Walewich" can be no obscure place, and we need not look for it in Cambridgeshire.

I am inclined to think that the word ought to have been written Warewich, _i.e._ Warwick.

Soham Mere (Mare de Soham) once covered 1369-1/2 acres.--Lyson's _Cambridge_, 254.

Portum Pusillum, if not Littleport, was a place upon the Cam or the Ouse, within sight of Ely Minster.

Does your correspondent suppose that Northmouth was among the fens? If so, he may consult _Inquisitio Eliensis_, or Dugdale's Map of the Bedford Level, which is in the Museum.

J.F.M.

Dec. 22.

_Madoc's Emigration to America._--"ANGLO-CAMBRIAN" (No. 4. p. 57.), in contradiction to the occurrence of Madoc's emigration, has adduced what he supposes to be a gross anachronism in the words "Madoc was directed by the _best compass_, and this in 1170!" Now, unfortunately for this opinion, the passage on which it is founded will not allow of his interpretation. The original words are in Sir Thomas Herbert's _Travels_, and, in his expressive language, they are as follows:--"By Providence, the best compass, and benefit of the pole-star, he returned safely to his own country." Most certainly this cannot imply that Madoc was acquainted with the mariner's compass.

"J.M.T." also seems to give great weight to the fact of a "Welsh-Indian vocabulary" having been formed, containing no trace of any Celtic root. This seems conclusive, yet it is not so; for I have some words, extracted from a vocabulary of the Mandan (Indian) language made by Mr. Catlin, during his sojourn among them, all of which, with very slight allowance for corruption, are clearly Welsh. Mr. Catlin believes the Mandans to have been descended from the followers of Prince Madoc, from the strong evidence which he considers his stay among them afforded him, and detailed in his work on the Indians. I regret to add, that the Mandans have been exterminated by the small-pox and the weapons of their enemies. I have long taken a deep, because a national, interest in this question, and have endeavoured to examine in the spirit of that noble {237}precept, which ought to be bound up with the existence of every _Cymro_, "The truth against the world." Consequently, I have found that much of what is put forth as evidence on this question is, as Mr. Corney has very justly intimated, quite inadmissible; in short, unworthy of belief. Still, the inquiry has afforded me sufficient reasons for viewing the question of Prince Madoc's emigration as a fact, and for supporting it as such as far as my humble testimony will allow.

GOMER.

_Caerphili Castle_.--With reference to "PWCCA'S" query (No. 10. p. 157.), it may be noted that _Full_ is the Welsh word for "haste," and, if the _derivatur_, must allude to the original structure having been hastily erected.

GOMER.

_Origin of word Bug_.--I should feel obliged by your informing me whether the word _Bug_ is not of _Celtic_ origin, signifying a "_Ghost_ or _Goblin_?" Vide Shakespeare's _Taming of the Shrew_, Act I. Scene II.:--

"Tush, tush, fright boys with _bugs_."

And whether, in _Mathews'_ Bible, A.D. 1537, the 5th verse of the 91st Psalm is not thus rendered:--

"Thou shalt not need to be afraid of any _bugs_ by night"?

literally, in the Hebrew, "_Terror_ of the night."

J.P.

[_Bug_ in Welsh means a ghost or goblin. It is probably the
same with the Icelandic _Paki_, an evil spirit. But on this
etymology our correspondent can consult an article by Sir F.
Palgrave, on the "Popular Mythology of the Middle Ages." in the
_Quarterly Review_, vol. xxii.; a paper, by Mr. Thoms, on the
"Folk Lore of Shakspeare," No. 6.; "Puck's several Names," in _The
Athenæum_, Oct. 9. 1847; and lastly, Mr. Keightley's most
interesting work, _The Fairy Mythology_. vol. ii. p. 118., of
which we are happy to hear that a new and enlarged edition may
shortly be expected.]

* * * * *

MISCELLANIES.

_Excecution of Duke of Monmouth._--Among the memorials of the "rash but unfortunate Duke of Monmouth," which have recently attracted much attention, and for which the public are principally indebted to certain inquiries originated in the "NOTES AND QUERIES," I have not observed any notice taken of an anecdote respecting him, which is current among our neighbours on the Continent; namely, that he gave six guineas to the executioner, the JOHN KETCH of that day, to perform his work well!--

"Le Duc de Monmout donna six guinées au Bourreau de Londres,
pour lui bien couper la tête; mais le misérable ne mérroit
par ces guinées, puisqu'il la lui coupa très mal."

This anecdote is introduced, in the form of a note, into the folio Dictionary of Pierre Richelet, a most valuable work, and full of history, ancient and modern. Can any of your correspondents produce the authority for this anecdote? Richelet himself does not give any, but merely relates the story, apparently with a view of illustrating the term "guinea," as applied to the gold coin of Charles the Second. Vid, voc. "_Guinée_."

J.I.

_By Hook or by Crook_.--I send you a note, which I made some years ago.

This expression is much more ancient than the time of Charles I., to which it is generally referred. It occurs in Skelton, _Colin Clout_, line 31. _a fine_:--

"Nor wyll suffer this boke
_By hooke ne by crooke_
Prynted for to be."

In Spenser, f. 2. v. ii. 27.:--

"Thereafter all that mucky pelfe he tooke,
The spoile of peoples evil gotten good,
The which her sire had serap't by hooke and crooke,
And burning all to ashes pour'd it down the brooke."

In Holland's _Suetonius_, p. 169:--

"Likewise to get, to pill and poll _by hooke and crooke_
so much, as that----"

In a letter of Sir Richard Morysin to the Privy Council, in Lodges _Illustrations, &c_., i. 154:--

"Ferrante Gonzaga, d'Arras, and Don Diego, are in a leage,
utterlie bent to myslyke, and to charge _by hook or by
crooke_, anything don, or to be don, by the thre fyrst."

L.S.

_Cupid Crying_.--The beautiful epigram upon this subject, which appeared in No. 11 p. 172., was kindly quoted, "for its extreme elegance," by the _Athenæum_ of the 26th January, which produced the following communication to that journal of Saturday last:--

"Will the correspondent of the 'NOTES AND QUERIES,' whose pretty epigram appears copied into your _Athenæum_ of Saturday last, accept the following as a stop-gap pending the discovery of the Latin original?

"En lacrymosus Amor! Fidem quia perdidit arcum
Vapulat! Exultans Cælia tela tenet.
Ast illam potuitne Puer donare sagittis?
Subrisit:--Matrem credidit esse suam.

"[Greek: Amorphota]. 5."

_Miry-land Town._--As an addition to the note of "J.R.F." (p. 167. No. 11.) on Miry-land Town, and by way of corroboration of his reading, I may just mention that the towns and villages in the Weald of Kent are familiarly spoken of as places "down in the mud," by the inhabitants of other parts of the country. Those who are acquainted with the Weald will agree that this designation is not undeserved.

HENRY KERSLEY.

* * * * {238}

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

The Surtees Society, for the publication of inedited MSS. illustrative of the intellectual, moral, religious, and social condition of those parts of the United Kingdom which constitute the ancient kingdom of Northumberland, has been remodelled. The subscription for the year is one guinea, and the works in immediate preparation are, 1. "The Injunctions and other Ecclesiastical Proceedings of Richard Barnes, Bishop of Durham (1577-87);" and, 2. "The Anglo-Saxon Hymnarium."

We have great pleasure in directing attention to the _Exhibition of Works of Ancient and Mediæval Art_ which is to be opened in the Adelphi next month.

This is a great opportunity for forming an Exhibition of a novel and most interesting kind, one which is calculated both to interest and amuse the archæologist and the public, and to instruct the artizan and the manufacturer. We sincerely hope possessors of articles suitable for exhibition, will not fail to take advantage of it. They should immediately enter into communication with the Honorary Secretary to the Exhibition, at the rooms of the Society of Arts, or they will be too late.

The _Gentlemen's Magazine_ realizes all our anticipations. The Reviews are of a very superior order. Justice is done _to_ as well as _upon_ the authors who have come under notice, and the original articles are of high value; those upon the _Dea Sequana_ and the _History of Words_ are especially worthy of notice. Mr. Waller's papers upon _Christian Iconography_ promise to be of the highest value. A new career of usefulness and honour has been opened up to Sylvanus Urban, who seems determined to merit the addition lately made to his title, and to become what is really a desideratum in English Literature--a good "_Historical Review_."

Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Thursday and Friday next, a very choice Selection of Magnificent Books and Pictorial Works from the Library of an eminent Collector, including large paper copies of the Antiquarian Works of Visconti, Montfaucon, &c.; the first four editions of Shakspeare, and other works of similar high character.

We have received the following Catalogues:--

"Catalogue of most splendid and truly valuable Ancient
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"Bernard Quartch's Catalogue of Foreign and English Books,
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* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(_In continuation of Lists in Former Nos_.)

ALANI OPERA. Edit. C. DE NISCH. Antwerp, 1654.

CLICHTORÆUS, ELUCIDATORIUM ECCLESIASTICUM. Paris, 1556.

CORNER, PROMPTUARIUM DEVOTIONIS. Vienna, 1672.

_Odd Volumes_.

AMES AND HERBERT'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. By DIBDIN. Vol. I.

Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_,
to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
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* * * * *

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F.D. (BRADFORD) _is informed that the_ Towneley Mysteries _have been printed by the Surtees Society, and the_ Coventry _and_ Chester Mysteries _by the Shakspeare Society. We have no doubt the_ Collection of Early Mysteries, _printed at Basle, may be procured from any of the foreign booksellers_.

W. _calls our attention to an error in p. 217_. The Field of Forty Foot-steps_ is a distinct work by Miss Porter, published in the same collection as_ "Coming Out"_, but not the second title of that work._

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Uniform with "HALLAM'S LITERATURE OF EUROPE."

Now ready, in 3 vols. 8vo. 42s.

A HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. With Criticism on particular Works, and Biographical Notices of Prominent Writers. By GEORGE TICKNOR, Esq.

JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.

* * * * *

NEW WORK BY LORD LINDSAY.

This day is published. 3 vols. 8vo. 42s.

LIVES OF THE LINDSAYS; or, a Memoir of the HOUSES OF CRAWFORD AND BALCARRES. By LORD LINDSAY.

Also, by the same Author. 3 vols. 8vo. 31s. 6d.

SKETCHES of the HISTORY of CHRISTIAN ART.

JOHN MURRAY, Ablemarle Street.

* * * * * {239}

On the 15th of February will be published, No. II., for 1850, of

JOHN MILLER'S CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, OLD AND NEW,

On sale at 43, Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square, to be had gratis, and sent (if required) postage free to any Book-buyer. The prices are for ready money only.

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A CHRONICLE OF THE KYNGES OF ENGELONDE, from ye Normane Conqueste to the reygne of our Soveragne Ladie Elizabethe, wythe a summarie accounte of eache reygne, by G.C.L. A MANUSCRIPT of the last century, in 4to., calf, very neat, 37 full-length portraits, water-colour drawings, curiously emblazoned in gold and colours, with the Arms and Insignia of each Monarch, and numerous other devices, ornaments and borders, from the library of Sir Gore Ousely, with a portrait apparently of the executor. 3l. 3s.

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BUCKINGHAM'S ORIENTAL HERALD AND COLONIAL REVIEW, comprising a Mass of Valuable Writings on the Colonies and their Government. Complete in 23 vols. 8vo. Half-calf, very neat. 1l. 10s. 1824-1829.

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GIUSTINIAN (BERNARD) HISTORIE CHRONOLOGICHE DEL L'ORIGINR DEGL' ORDINI MILITARI E DI TUTTE LE RELIGIONI CARVALLE RESCHE INFINO AD HORA INSTITUITE NEL MONDO. 2 vols. royal 4 to. Illustrated with 30 fine full-length Engravings of the Costumes, &c. of the various Orders of Knighthood in the World, with numerous other Illustrations, 1l. 11s. 6d. Venezen, 1692.

JOURNAL OF THE LONDON GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, from its Commencement. 12 vols. 8vo. half-calf, gilt, Maps, &c. 3l. 3s.

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* * * * * {240}

EXHIBITION OF WORKS OF ANCIENT AND MEDIAEVAL ART.

COMMITTEE.

PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN,

H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT, K.G., F.R.S., F.S.A.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

THE EARL OF ENNISKILLEN. RIGHT HON. SIDNEY HERBERT, M.P. SIR JOHN P. BOILEAU, Bart., F.R.S. HENRY THOMAS HOPE, Esq. M.P.

The Duke of Northumberland, F.R.S., F.S.A. The Marquis of Northampton, M.A. The Earl of Jersey. The Earl of Ellesmere, F.S.A. The Bishop of Oxford, F.R.S., V.P.S.A. Lord Albert Denison, M.P., K.C.H., F.S.A. Hon. Robert Curzon, Jun. Hon. James Talbot, M.R.I.A. Sir Philip de Malpas Grey-Edgerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. The Very Rev. the Dean of Westminster, F.R.S. J.Y. Akerman, Esq., Sec S.A. Beriah Botfield, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. John Bruce, Esq., Trea. S.A. Henry Cole, Esq. J. Payne Collier, Esq., V.P.S.A. William R. Drake, Esq., F.S.A. Henry Farrer, Esq. Augustus W. Franks, Esq., B.A., Hon. Sec. Peter le Neve Foster, Esq., M.A. Edward Hallstone, Esq., F.S.A. M. Rohde Hawkins, Esq. Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A. H. Bowyer Lane, Esq. Hollingsworth Magniae, Esq. Octavius S. Morgan, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. Frederic Ouvry, Esq., F.S.A. James Robinson Planché, Esq., F.S.A. Samuel Redgrave, Esq. Henry Shaw, Esq., F.S.A. Edward Smirke, Esq., F.S.A. C. Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A. Captain W.H. Smyth, R.N., F.R.S., Dir. S.A. William J. Thoms, Esq., F.S.A. William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. John Webb, Esq.

The above COMMITTEE has been formed for the purpose of organising an EXHIBITION OF WORKS OF ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL ART. The SOCIETY OF ARTS having considered that such an Exhibition is not only likely to be interesting to the public, but also to be especially useful to Manufacturers (with reference to the Exhibition of Works of Industry of all Nations to be held in the year 1851), have placed a portion of their Rooms at the disposal of the Committee, and have agreed to adopt the Exhibition as part of that annually made by the Society, thereby taking all the expenses connected with it upon themselves. The Committee, regarding the Exhibition in the twofold character contemplated by the Society of Arts, have resolved that the objects of ancient and mediæval art of which the Exhibition is to be composed, shall, as far as possible, be selected with reference to their beauty and the practical illustration which they are likely to afford of processes of manufacture; and now beg to invite the possessors of Works deemed suitable for such an exhibition to assist the Committee in their very important office, by entering into communication with them, respecting the nature of any objects which they may be willing to offer for exhibition.

It is requested that all Works proposed for exhibition be punctually sent to the Rooms of the SOCIETY OF ARTS, John Street, Adelphi, on or before the 20th of February, it being imperative that the Exhibition should open in early March.

Letters and Communications should be addressed to AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS, Esq. Honorary Secretary to the Committee, Society of Arts, John Street, Adelphi.

By order of the Committee, AUGUSTUS W. FRANKS Hon. Sec.

* * * * *

RECENT POPULAR WORKS

I.

4TH EDIT. LAYARD'S NARRATIVE. Plates, 2 vols. 8vo. 36s.

II.

3RD EDIT. CURZON'S MONASTERIES of the LEVANT. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 15s.

III.

3RD EDIT. SIR FOWELL BUXTON'S MEMOIRS. Post 8vo. 8s. 6d.

IV.

2ND EDIT. SIR C. LYELL'S 2ND VISIT to the U. STATES 2 vols. post 8vo. 18s.

V.

2ND EDIT. ARCHDEACON WILBERFORCE on BAPTISM. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

VI.

2ND EDIT. DR. FORBES' PHYSICIAN'S HOLIDAY. Plates. Post 8vo. Next week.

VII.

3RD EDIT. IRVING'S LIFE OF COLUMBUS. Maps. 3 vols. 8vo. 31s. 6d.

VIII.

2ND EDIT. SOMERVILLE'S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo. 12s.

IX.

4TH EDIT. RUXTON'S ADVENTURES in MEXICO. Post 8vo. 6s.

X.

3RD EDIT. IRVING'S LIFE OF GOLDSMITH. Post 8vo. 6s.

XI.

2ND EDIT. PAGET'S HUNGARY. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.

XII.

4TH EDIT. MELVILLE'S MARQUESAS. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12s.

XIII.

3RD EDIT. CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Portraits. 1 vol. 8vo. 18s.

XIV.

2ND EDIT. GLEIG'S LIFE OF MUNRO. Post 8vo. 6s.

XV.

2ND EDIT. THE PRAYER BOOK ILLUSTRATED. Medium 8vo. 21s. Antique binding.

XVI.

2ND EDIT. MANTEL ON THE INVISIBLE WORLD. Plates. 16mo. 6s.

XVII.

3RD EDIT. THE ARABIAN NIGHTS, ILLUSTRATED. 3 vols. Post 8vo. 18s.

JOHN MURRAY: Albemarle Street.

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, February 9. 1850.