Chapter L: M. M. R

_Descendants of Dr. Bill._--Are there any records extant of the family or descendants of Dr. Bill, whose name is first on the list of those who drew up the Prayer-Book, tempus Edward VI.? He was also Lord Almoner to Queen Elizabeth. Dr. Bill's only daughter and heiress, Mary Bill, was married to Sir Francis Samwell: had she any family, and did they assume the name of Bill?

Did a branch of the family settle in Staffordshire, and where?

A. R. M.

"_The Rebellious Prayer._"--Can any of your readers inform me whether some stanzas entitled "The Rebellious Prayer" have ever yet appeared in print, and, if so, in what collection of poems they are to be met with? The opening lines are as follows:

"It was a darken'd chamber, where was heard
The whisper'd voice, hush'd step, and stifled sounds
Which herald the deep quietness of death," &c.

They describe the anxious watchings of a wife at the sick couch of her husband. In her agony she prays that his life may be spared, at whatever cost: her prayer is granted, and her husband is restored, but bereft of reason.

J. A.

_Ravenshaw and his Works._--Can any of your readers give me information, or refer me to any works, of John Ravenshaw, who was ejected from Holme-Chapel[2] under the Act of Uniformity? He is described by Calamy as having been a good scholar, and possessing a taste for poetry.

B.

[Footnote 2: Or Church-Holm, in Cheshire.]

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Yolante de Dreux_ (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 209.)--J. Y. has given this queen's second marriage, but not the date or the names of her issue. I am aware that her husband Arthur II. (not I.) was Duke of Bretagne, 1305-12, and that her only son John III., born 1293, succeeded; but the names and marriages of her five daughters still remain unnoticed, as also any notices of her father the _Count of Dreux_, or of her mother.

A. S. A.

Wuzzeerabad.

[The names of the five daughters of this lady and their alliances are
as follow:--1. Johanna, born 1294, married to Robert of Flanders, Lord
of Cassel. 2. Beatrix, born 1295, married Guido X., Baron of Laval, in
1315, died 1384. 3. Alisa, born 1297, married, 1320, Burchard VI.,
Count of Vendosme, died 1377. 4. Bianca, died an infant. 5. Mary, born
1302, became a nun, and died 1371. The father of Yolante de Dreux was
Robert IV., Count of Dreux, Braine, Montfort, and l'Amaury, and died
November 14, 1282. Her mother was Beatrix, daughter and heiress of John
Count of Montfort, l'Amaury, and Lord of Rochefort, married in 1260.
This is given on the authority of Anderson's _Royal Genealogies_, table
378, p. 620.]

{287}

_Bishop Francis Turner._--He left a manuscript Life of Nicholas Ferrar of Little Gidding, which formed the basis of Dr. Peckard's _Life of Ferrar_, reprinted in Wordsworth's _Ecclesiastical Biography_. Where can this manuscript be found? Are there any literary remains of the bishop to be met with anywhere?

J. J. J.

[We believe all that is known of Bishop Turner's MS. Life of Nicholas
Ferrar is, that it was in the custody of the editor of _The Christian
Magazine_ in 1761. Foster the Essayist (_Lectures_, vol. ii. p. 504.
edit. 1848) says, "A long and well-written account of Ferrar was drawn
up by a Dr. Turner, Bishop of Ely, and left by him in manuscript. It
remained in the hands of the persons to whom his papers descended, till
it was communicated to the conductors of a miscellany called _The
Christian Magazine_, in a volume of which for the year 1761, this
curious memoir was lately pointed out to me." Gough, in his _British
Topography_, vol. ii. p. 299.*, furnishes a few other
particulars:--"The papers of Bishop Turner, in the year 1761, appear to
have been in the hands of Dr. Dodd, who printed some of them in _The
Christian Magazine_ for that year. In particular the _Life of Mr.
Nicholas Ferrar_ was abridged, and published at p. 356. In the
introduction the editor says, 'As the _Life_ is rather too long for our
pamphlet, even divided, we have taken the liberty to abridge some
particulars in the Bishop's account, and now and then to alter a phrase
or two in his language, which through length of time is in some places
rather become obsolete.' From this passage it will appear that it was
published in the worst manner it could be." Our correspondent will find
much curious matter respecting the biographies of Nicholas Ferrar in
our Second Volume, pp. 119. 407. 444. 485. Among the Addit. MSS. (No.
5540., f. 53.) in the British Museum, is a Letter of Bishop Turner's
addressed to Mr. Reading, and read at the trial of Lord Preston, 1691.]

_Raleigh's History._--What is the story of Raleigh's burning the second volume of his History?

RECNAC.

[The story is this:--A few days previously to his death, Raleigh sent
for Walter Burre, who printed his History; and asking him how the work
had sold, received for answer, "so slowly that it had undone him." Upon
which Sir Walter brought from his desk a continuation of the work to
his own time, and, throwing it into the fire, said to Burre, "the
second volume shall undo no more; this ungrateful world is unworthy of
it." (Winstanley's _English Worthies_, p. 256.) There is, however, no
satisfactory authority for the truth of this anecdote; and it has been
rejected by Arthur Cayley, and his other biographers.]

* * * * *

Replies.

EPITAPHS.

(Vol. vii., p. 178.)

The following is a _real_ epitaph. It was written by Dr. Greenwood on his wife, who died in childbed, and it is in all probability still to be seen, where it was originally set up, in Solyhull churchyard, Warwickshire. The most amusing point in it is, that the author seriously intended the lines to rhyme. There is wonderful merit in the couplet where he celebrates her courage and magnanimity in preferring him to a lord or judge:

"Which heroic action, join'd to all the rest,
Made her to be esteem'd the Phoenix of her sex!"

"Go, cruel Death, thou hast cut down
The fairest Greenwood in all this kingdom!
Her virtues and her good qualities were such
That surely she deserved a lord or judge:
But her piety and great humility
Made her prefer me, a Doctor in Divinity;
Which heroic action, join'd to all the rest,
Made her to be esteem'd the Phoenix of her sex:
And like that bird a young she did create,
To comfort those her loss had made disconsolate.
My grief for her was so sore
That I can only utter two lines more.
For this and all other good woman's sake,
Never let blisters be applied to a lying-in woman's back."

The advice contained in the last couplet is sound.

F. D.

Pershore.

Your correspondent ERICA gives us some quotations and epitaphs, in which the metaphor of an Inn is applied both to life and death. I find the former of these ideas embodied in the following distich, copied from a tombstone at Llangollen in North Wales, a village much frequented not only by tourists, but by holiday-makers from all the surrounding districts; for whose especial benefit I conceive the epitaph to have been written:

"Our life is but a summer's day,
Some only breakfast, and away;
Others to dinner stay, and are full fed;
The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed.
Large his account, who lingers out the day:
Who goes the soonest, has the least to pay."

GEORGE S. MASTERS.

Welsh Hampton, Salop.

"_The bathos can no further go_" (Vol. vii., p. 5.).--

Inscription copied, Nov. 21, 1833, from a tombstone to a fisherman in
Bathford churchyard.

"He drags no more, his nets reclin'd,
And all his tackle left behind,
His anchors cast within the veil,
No storms tempestious him assail.
In peace he rest--_an_ Jesus plain
Reader _I_ here lies--an honest man,
A husband--father--friend--compeer--
To all--who knew him--truely dear.
Search the Great Globe!--How few, alas!
Are worthy now to--take his place."
B. H. 1805."

Some rural wag had substituted with his pencil {288} three words for the last three, which certainly rhymed better with alas!

E. D.

Allow me to send you one of much merit, founded upon the same metaphor as those inserted at the page above quoted:

"Life's like an inn where travellers stay;
Some only breakfast, and away:
Others to dinner stay, and are full fed;
The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed.
Hard is his lot who lingers out the day;
Who goes the soonest has the least to pay."

EDW. HAWKINS.

* * * * *

THROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK.

(Vol. ii., p. 196.; Vol. v., p. 143.; Vol. vii., p. 182.)

Some light may perhaps be thrown on this mysterious custom by the following quotation from the _Réfutation des Opinions de Jean Wier_, by Bodin, the celebrated French jurisconsult, and author of the _Demonomanie des Sorciers_ (Paris, 1586), to the quarto edition of which the _Réfutation_ is generally found attached. It may be necessary to observe, for the benefit of those unacquainted with demoniacal lore, that Wier, though a pupil of Cornelius Agrippa, and what would be now-a-days termed exceedingly superstitious, was far in advance of his age, and the first to assert that some, at least, of the many persons who were then burned for sorcery were merely hypochondriacs and lunatics,--fitter subjects for the care of the physician than the brand of the executioner. This _heterodox_ opinion brought upon him a crowd of antagonistic replies, and amongst them the _Réfutation_ of Bodin. During a cursory examination of Wier's voluminous demonological works (_De Lamiis Liber_; _Item de Commentatiis Jejuniis_; _De Præstigiis Demonum, et Incantationibus ac Veneficiis_: Basil, 1583), I have not met with the passage underneath referred to by Bodin; but, no doubt, if time permitted, a closer search would discover it:

"Il se mocque aussi d'une Sorciere, à qui Sathan commanda de garder
bien ses vieux souliers, pour un preservatif, et contre-charme contre
les autre Sorciers. Je dy que ce conseil de Sathan a double sens, les
souliers signifient les pechez, comme estas tousiours trainnez par les
ordures. Et quand Dieu dist à Moyse et à Josué, oste tes souliers, ce
lieu est pur, et sainct: il entendoit, comme dict Philon Hebrieu, qu'il
faut bien nettoyer son ame de peches, pour contempler et louer Dieu.
Mais pour converser avec Sathan, il faut estre souillé, et plongé en
perpetuelle impietez et mechancetez: alors Sathan assistera à ses bons
serviteurs. Et quand aux sens literal, nous avons dict que Sathan fait
ce qu'il peut, pour destourner les hommes de la fiance de Dieu aux
creatures, qui est la vraye definition de l'idolatrie, que les
Theologiens ont baillie: tellement que qui croira, que ses vieux
souliers, ou les bilets, et autres babioles qu'il porte, le peut garder
de mal, il est perpetuelle idolatrie."

W. PINKERTON.

Ham.

It will, I fear, be difficult to discover a satisfactory answer to LORD BRAYBROOKE'S questions on these two points. They cannot certainly be traceable to a Pagan origin, for Cupid is always pourtrayed barefooted; and there is not, I believe, a single statue to be found of a sandaled Venus. I can certainly direct his Lordship to one author, a Christian author, St. Gregory of Tours, who refers to a curious practice, and seemingly one well recognised, of lovers presenting _shoes_, as they now do _bouquets_, to the objects of their affection:

"Cumqu, ut ætate huic convenit, amori se puellari præstaret affabiblem,
et cum poculis frequentibus etiam _calceamenta_ deferret."--Gregor.
Turon. _Ex Vitis Patrum_, vol. ii. p. 449.: see also same page, note 3.

W. B. MACCABE.

Allow me to inform LORD BRAYBROOKE that the custom of throwing a shoe, taken from the left foot, after persons for good luck, has been practised in Norfolk from time immemorial, not only at weddings, but on all occasions where good luck is required. Some forty years ago a cattle dealer desired his wife to "trull her left shoe arter him," when he started for Norwich to buy a lottery-ticket. As he drove off on his errand, he looked round to see if she performed the charm, and consequently he received the shoe in his face, with such force as to black his eyes. He went and bought his ticket, which turned up a prize of 600l.; and his son has assured me that his father always attributed his luck to the extra dose of shoe which he got.

E. G. R.

The custom of throwing an old shoe after a person departing from home, as a mode of wishing him good luck and prosperity in his undertaking, is not confined to Scotland and the northern counties, nor to weddings. It prevails more or less, I believe, throughout the kingdom. I have seen it in Cheshire, and frequently in towns upon the sea-coast. I once received one upon my shoulder, at Swansea, which was intended for a young sailor leaving his home to embark upon a trading voyage.

EDW. HAWKINS.

* * * * *

OWEN GLYNDWR [OWEN AP GRIFFITH VYCHAN, LORD OF GLYNDWRDWY].

(Vol. vii., p. 205.)

The arms referred to by MR. WOODWARD are those on the great seal and privy seal of "the irregular and wild Glendower," as Prince of Wales, {289} attached to two documents deposited in the Hotel Soubise, at Paris, in the Cartons I. 623. and I. 392., relating, it is supposed, to the furnishing of troops to the Welsh prince by Charles VI., king of France. Casts of these seals were taken by the indefatigable Mr. Doubleday, to whom the Seal department of the British Museum, over which he presides, is so much indebted; and impressions were exhibited by Sir Henry Ellis at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, on the 12th of December, 1833. Engravings of them, accompanied by the following notice, were communicated by Sir Henry to the _Archæologia_, and will be found in that publication, vol. xxv. plate lxx. fig. 2, 3. page 616., and ibid. pp. 619, 620.:

"The great seal has an obverse and reverse. On the obverse Owen is
represented, with a bifid beard, very similar to Rich. II., seated
under a canopy of Gothic tracery: the half body of a wolf forming the
arms of his chair on each side: the background is ornamented with a
mantle semée of lions, held up by angels. At his feet are two lions. A
sceptre is in his right hand, but he has no crown. The inscription:
'OWENUS ... PRINCEPS WALLIE.' On the reverse of the great seal Owen is
represented on horseback, in armour; in his right hand, which is
extended, he holds a sword, and with his left his shield, charged with,
Quarterly, four lions rampant; a drapery, probably a _kerchief de
plesaunce_, or handkerchief won at a tournament, pendant from his right
wrist. Lions rampant also appear upon the mantle of the horse. On his
helmet, as well as on his horse's head, is the Welsh dragon [passant].
The area of the seal is diapered with roses. The inscription on this
side seems to fill the gap upon the obverse 'OWENUS DEI GRATIA ...
WALLIE.'

"The privy seal represents the four lions rampant towards the
spectator's left, on a shield, surmounted by an open coronet [crown]:
the dragon[3] of Wales, as a supporter, on the dexter side; on the
sinister, a lion. The inscription seems to have been '_Sigillum Oweni_
PRINCIPIS WALLIE.' No impression of this seal is probably now to be
found either in Wales or England. Its workmanship shows that Owen
Glyndwr possessed a taste for art beyond the types of the seals of his
predecessors."

The dragon is a favourite figure with Cambrian bards; and, not to multiply instances, the following lines may be cited from the poem of the "Hirlas Horn," by Owen Cyfeilioc, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn,--

"Mathraval's[4] Lord, the Poet and the Prince,"

father of Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn (the Gwenwen of Sir Walter Scott's _Betrothed_):--

"A dytwc i Rufut waywrutelyn
Gwin a gwydyr goleu yn ei gylchyn
Dragon Arwystli arwystyl tervyn
Dragon Owein hael o hil Kynvyn[5]
Dragon iw dechren ac niw dychryn cat
Cyvlavan argrat cymyw erlyn."
_Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales_: London,
1801, 8vo., vol. i. p. 265.

"And bear to Grufydd, the crimson-lanced foe,
Wine with pellucid glass around it;
The Dragon of Arwstli, safeguard of the borders,
The Dragon of Owen, the generous of the race of Cynvyn,
A Dragon from his beginning, and never scared by a conflict
Of triumphant slaughter, or afflicting chase."

Gray, whose "Bard" indicates the inspiration with which he had seized the poetry and traditions of the Cymri, thus refers to the red dragon as the cognizance of the Welsh monarchs, in his _Triumphs of Owen_ [ap Griffith, Prince of North Wales]:

"Dauntless, on his native sands,
The _Dragon_, son of Mona, stands;
In glittering arms and glory dress'd
High he rears his _ruby_ crest."

The dragon and lion have been attributed to the Welsh monarchs, as insignia, from an early period, and the former is ascribed, traditionally, to the great Cadwallader.

In the _Archæologia_, vol. xx. p. 579. plate xxix. p. 578., are descriptions of engravings of the impressions of two seals appendant to charters of Edward, son of Edward IV., and Arthur, son of Henry VII., as Princes of Wales, the obverse of each bearing three lions in pale passant, reguardant, having their tails between their legs, reflected upon their backs, upon a shield {290} surmounted by a cap of maintenance: Prince Edward's shield has on each side a lion as a supporter, holding single feathers, with the motto "Ich dien." On Prince Arthur's seal, the feathers are supported by _dragons_. Thomas William King, Rouge Dragon, in a letter to Sir Samuel Meyrick, dated 4th September, 1841, published in the _Archæologia_, vol. xxix. p. 408., Appendix, regards the lions on these shields as to the ensigns attributed at the period of the seals to certain Welsh princes, and the dragon as the badge of Cadwallader.

In a MS. (for reference to which I am indebted to the courtesy of Sir Frederick Madden), which was recently sold at Sotheby's, containing translations by Johannes Boerius, presented to Henry, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VII., about 1505, there is a beautiful illumination containing the arms of that prince: Quarterly France and England, with the red dragon as the dexter, and the greyhound of the House of York as the sinister, supporter.

"THE RED FIERYE DRAG[=O] BEETEN UP[=O] WHITE AND GREENE SARCENET" was the charge of a standard offered by Henry VII. at St. Paul's, on his entry into London after his victory at Bosworth Field; and this standard was represented on the corner of his tomb, held by an angel (Willement's _Regal Heraldry_, 4to., London, 1821, p. 57.). The red dragon rampant was assumed as a supporter by Henry VII. in indication of his Welsh descent, and was borne as a supporter, either on the dexter or sinister side of the shield, by all the other English monarchs of the House of Tudor, with the exception of Queen Mary, who substituted for it an eagle: and among the badges attributed to our present sovereign is, in respect of Wales, "a dragon passant, wings elevated gu., upon a mount vert."

It may be assumed, with little doubt, that the colour of the dragon borne by Owen Glyndwr was _rouge_; and although the colour of the other supporter of his shield, the lion, is not susceptible of such positive inference, it may be conjectured to have been _sable_, the colour of the lion, the principal charge on his hereditary shield.

To MR. WOODWARD'S immediate Query as to the blazon--colour of the field and charges--of the arms on these seals, I can afford no direct answer, never having met with any trace of these arms in the extensive collections of Welsh MSS. to which I have had access. These ensigns may have been adopted by Owen as arms of _dominion_ (as those of Ireland by the English sovereigns) on his assumption of the principality of Wales, a suggestion countenanced, if not established, by four lions quarterly ("Quarterly gules and or, four lions rampant, counterchanged") being assigned to Griffith ap Llewelyn (killed April, 28 Hen. III., 1244, in attempting to escape from the Tower), eldest son of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, prince of Wales (dead 31st November, 25 Hen. III., 1240), father of the ill-fated and gallant Llewelyn ap Griffith, last sovereign of Wales, slain at Builth, December 10, 8 Ed. I., 1282. Further confirmation is, perhaps, afforded to this suggestion by Owen having, it is understood, vindicated his assumption of the Cambrian throne as heir of the three sovereign dynasties of North Wales, South Wales, and Powys respectively,--of the last, as male representative, through the Lords of Bromfield, of Madoc ap Meredith, the last monarch of that principality; and of the two former as their heir-general, in respect of his mother, Elenor, sister of Owen (ap Thomas ap Llewelyn), Lord, with his paternal uncle, Owen ap Llewelyn ap Owen, of the comot [hundred] of Iscoed, September 20, 1344, Representative paternally of the sovereigns of South Wales, and, by female descent, of those of North Wales[6], through Griffith ap Llewelyn above named.

The hereditary arms of Owen's paternal line, the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, are those of his ancestor, Griffith Maelor ap Madoc, of Dinas Bran, Lord of Bromfield, Yale, Chirk, Glyndwrdwy, &c., who died A.D. 1191, viz. "Paly of eight argent and gules, over all a lion rampant sable," thus differenced, apparently, from "The Black Lion of Powys" (Argent a lion rampant sable), the royal ensigns of his father, Madoc ap Meredith, last sovereign Prince of Powys, who died at Winchester in 1160. I am unable to refer to any seal of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, or of the Lords of Bromfield, bearing the family arms of their line; but they are thus given invariably by the Cambrian heralds, and, so far, are susceptible of proof by the most authentic MS. authorities of the Principality. It is, however, remarkable, that the Heraldic Visitations of Wales of Lewis Dwnn, appointed in 1580 Deputy-Herald for all Wales, by Robert Cook Clarenceux, and William Flower Norroy King-at Arms, published in 1846 by the Welsh MSS. Society, contain no pedigree of the house of Glyndwrdwy. Of the descendants, if any, of Owen Glyndwr himself, beyond his children, I am not aware that there is any authentic pedigree, or other satisfactory proof; and there seems to be presumptive evidence that in 12 Henry VI., 1433--a period so recent as nineteen years from the last date, 19th February, 1 Henry V., 1414, on which Owen is ascertained to have been alive (Rymer's _Foedera_, ix. p. 330.),--his issue was limited to a daughter and heir, {291} Alice, wife of Sir John Scudamore, Knt., described in a petition of John, Earl of Somerset, to whom Owen's domains, on his attainder, had been granted by his brother, Henry IV., as

"Un John Skydmore, Chivaler, et Alice sa femme, pretendantz la dite
Alice etre file _et heir_ au dit Owyn (Glyndwr)."--_Rot. Parl. 12 Hen.
VI._

I have not found evidence to show that there were any children of Alice's marriage with Scudamore; and, assuming the failure of her issue, and also the extinction of Owen's other offspring, the representation of the three dynasties--

". . . . . . . the long line
Of our old royalty"--

reverted to that of his only brother, Tudor ap Griffith Vychan, a witness, as "Tudor de Glyndore," in the Scrope and Grosvenor controversy, 3rd September, 1386, and then twenty-four years and upwards, who is stated to have been killed under Owen's banner at the battle of Mynydd Pwll-Melyn, near Grosmont, Monmouthshire, fought 11th March, 1405. Tudor's daughter and heir, Lowry [Lady] of Gwyddelwern in Edeirnion, "una Baron. de Edurnyon," became the wife of Griffith ap Einion of Corsygedol, living 1400 and 1415; and from this marriage descend the eminent Merionethshire House of Corsygedol (represented by the co-heirs of the late Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart., of Mostyn and Corsygedol; namely, his nephew, the Honorable Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, of Mostyn and Corsygedol, M.P., Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire, and Sir Thomas's sister, Anna Maria, Lady Vaughan, mother of Sir Robert Williames Vaughan, Bart., of Nannau) and its derivative branches, the Yales of Plas-yn-Yale, co. Denbigh, and the Rogers-Wynns of Bryntangor in the same county; the former represented by the Lloyds of Plymog, and the latter by the Hughes's of Gwerclas in Edeirnion, Lords of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion, co. Merioneth, and Barons of Edeirnion. These families, co-representatives of the three Cambrian dynasties, all quarter, with the arms of South Wales and North Wales, the ensigns I have referred to as the hereditary bearings of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy. Independently of the adoption of these ensigns in the Welsh MSS. in the British Museum, College of Heralds, and other depositories, it may be mentioned that they are quartered in an ancient shield of the Vaughans of Corsygedol, suspended in the hall of Corsygedol,--one of the finest and most picturesque mansions in the Principality,--and that they appear in the splendid emblazoned Genealogy of the House of Gwerclas, compiled in 1650 by Robert Vaughan, Esq., of Hengwrt, the Camden and Dugdale united of Wales.[7] The arms in question are ascribed to the line of Bromfield and Glyndwrdwy, and, as quarterings to the families just named, by Mr. Burke's well-known _Armory_, the first and, indeed, only work, in conjunction with the Welsh genealogies in that gentleman's _Peerage and Baronetage_, and _Landed Gentry_, affording satisfactory, or any approach to systematic and complete, treatment of Cambrian heraldry and family history. Mr. Charles Knight also, highly and justly estimated, no less for a refined appreciation of our historic archæology, than for careful research, adopts these arms as the escutcheon of Owen in the beautiful artistic designs which adorn and illustrate the First Part of the drama of _King Henry IV._, in his Pictorial edition of Shakspeare. (_Histories_, vol. i. p. 170.)

The shield of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, as marshalled by Welsh heralds, displays quarterly the arms assigned to their direct paternal ancestors, as successively adopted previous to the period when armorial bearings became hereditary. Thus marshalled, the paternal arms of Owen Glyndwr are as follows: 1st and 4th, "Paly of eight, argent and gules, over all a lion rampant sable," for Griffith Maelor, Lord of Bromfield, son of Madoc ap Meredith, Prince of Powys-Fadog; 2nd, "Argent, a lion rampant sable" ("The Black Lion of Powys") for Madoc, Prince of Powys-Fadog, son of Meredith, Prince of Powys, son of Bleddyn, King of Powys; 3rd, "Or, a lion rampant gules," for Bleddyn ap Cyfnfyn, King of Powys.[8] None {292} of these ensigns is referable to a period anterior to that within which armorial bearings are attributed to the Anglo-Norman monarchs.

The lion rampant is common to all branches of the line of Powys; but the bearing peculiar to its last monarch, Madoc ap Meredith, "The _Black_ Lion of Powys," without a difference, has been transmitted exclusively to the Hughes's, Baronial Lords of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion, and the other descendants of Owen Brogyntyn, Lord of Edeirnion, younger son of Madoc; of whom, with the exception of the family just named, it is presumed there is no existing male branch. The same arms were borne by Iorwerth Goch, Lord of Mochnant, also a younger son of Madoc; but they are now only borne subordinately in the second quarter by that chief's descendant, Sir John Roger Kynaston of Hardwick, Bart., and by the other branches of the Kynastons; the first quarter having been yielded to the arms of (Touchet) Lord Audley, assumed by Sir Roger Kynaston of Hordley, Knt., after the battle of Blore in 1459, at which Lord Audley is said to have fallen by the hand of Sir Roger. As already stated, Griffith Maelor, Madoc's eldest son, bore the black lion differenced, as did also the twin sons of the latter, viz. Cynric Efell, Lord of Eglwys Egle, ancestor of the distinguished line of Davies of Gwysaney in Flintshire, whose ensigns were "Gules, on a bend, argent, a lion passant sable;" and Einion Efell, progenitor of the Edwards's of Ness Strange, and of other North Wallian families, who bore "Party per fess, sable and argent, a lion rampant counterchanged." The ancestor of the Vaughans of Nannau, Barts.,--Cadwgan (designated by Camden "the renowned Briton"), younger son of Blyddyn, king of Powys, sometime associated in the sovereignty with his elder brother Meredith, exhibited, it is stated, on his banner an azure lion on a golden ground; ensigns transmitted to the early Lords of Nannau and their descendants, with the exception--probably the only one--of the Vaughans of Wengraig and Hengwrt, represented paternally by the Vaughans of Nannau and Hengwrt, Baronets, who, transferring these arms to the second quarter, bear in the first, "Quarterly, or and gules, four lions rampant counterchanged." The Wenwynwyn branch of the dynasty of Powys continued, or at a later period resumed, the red lion rampant on a gold ground, ascribed to Blyddyn ap Cynfyn; and it is not a little interesting, that recently a beautiful silver seal, in perfect preservation, of Hawys Gadarn, heiress of that princely line, who by the gift of Edward II. became the wife of John de Cherlton, was found near Oswestry, representing her standing, holding two shields: the one in her right hand charged with her own arms, the lion rampant; that in the left with those of Cherlton, two lions passant. The legend around the seal is "S'HAWISIE DNE DE KEVEOLOC."

The original seal is now in the Museum of Chester, and was exhibited, I believe, by the Honorary Curator, the Rev. William Massie, at a recent meeting of the Society of Antiquaries. Of this venerable relic I possess an impression in wax; and of the great and privy seals of Owen Glyndwr, beautiful casts in sulphur; and I shall have pleasure in leaving them with the editor of "N. & Q." for the inspection of MR. WOODWARD, should that gentleman desire it.

JOHN AP WILLIAM AP JOHN.

Inner Temple.
March 7, 1853.

[Footnote 3: This supporter, and the crest, as also the supporter which I shall mention presently, attached to the respective shields of Arthur Prince of Wales, and of Henry Prince of Wales, sons of Henry VII., is in fact a Wyvern, having, like the dragon, a tail resembling that of a snake, but differing from the dragon in the omission of the two hind legs. The supporter in respect of Wales, afterwards alluded to as assumed by the English monarchs of the House of Tudor, was a dragon strictly.]

[Footnote 4: Mathraval, in the vale of Meifod, in Montgomeryshire, the palace of the sovereigns of Powys, erected by Rhodri Mawr, King of Wales:

"Where Warnway [Vwrnwy] rolls its waters underneath
Ancient Mathraval's venerable walls,
Cyveilioc's princely and paternal seat."
Southey's _Madoc_.

[Footnote 5: Cynfyn, father of Bleddyn, King of Powys, by his consort Angharad, Queen of Powys, derived from Mervyn, King of Powys, third son of Rhodri Mawr (the Great), King of all Wales, progenitor of the three Dynasties of North Wales, South Wales, and Powys:

"... chi fu di noi
E de' nostri avi illustri il ceppo vechio."

[Footnote 6: "His [Owen Glyndwr's] father's name was Gryffyd Vychan: his mother's, Elena, of royal blood, and from whom he afterwards claimed the throne of Wales. She was eldest daughter of Thomas ap Llewelyn ap Owen, by his wife Elinor Goch, or Elinor the Red, daughter and heiress to Catherine, one of the daughters of Llewelyn, last Prince of Wales, and wife to Philip ap Ivor of Iscoed."--_A Tour in Wales_ [by Pennant]: Lond. 4to. 1778, p. 302.]

[Footnote 7: Of this celebrated antiquary, the author of _British Antiquities Revived_, and other valuable antiquarian works, the friend of Archbishop Ussher, Selden, Sir Simon d'Ewes, Sir John Vaughan, &c., it is observed in the _Cambrian Register_, "In genealogy he was so skilled, and his knowledge on that subject derived from such genuine sources, that Hengwrt became the Heralds' College of the Principality, and no pedigree was current until it had obtained his sanction."

His MSS. and library, formerly at Hengwrt, have been transferred to Rûg in Edeirnion, the present seat of his descendant, Sir Robert Vaughan of Nannau; and it may be confidently stated, that in variety, extent, rarity, and value, they surpass any existing collection, public or private, of documents relating to the Principality. Many of them are unique, and indispensable for the elucidation of Cambrian literature and antiquities; and their possessor, by entrusting, to some gentleman competent to the task, the privilege of preparing a catalogue _raisonnée_ of them, would confer a public benefit which could not be too highly appreciated.

To the noble collections of Gloddaeth, Corsygedol, and Mostyn, now united at Mostyn, as also to that of Wynnstay, the same observation might be extended.]

[Footnote 8: The golden lion on a red field may have been displayed on the standard of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, but, from analogy to the arms assigned to the English monarchs of a corresponding period, it can, as armorial bearings, be only regarded, it is apprehended, as attributive. Of the armorial bearings of the English monarchs of the House of Normandy, if any were used by them, we are left totally without contemporary evidences. The arms of William the Conqueror, which have been for ages attributed to him and the two succeeding monarchs, are taken from the cornice of Queen Elizabeth's monument, in the north aisle of Henry VII.'s Chapel at Westminster. The arms assigned to Stephen are adopted on the authority of Nicholas Upton, in his treatise _De Militari Officio_, b. iv. p. 129., printed in 1654. For those of Henry II., there is no earlier authority than the cornice of Queen Elizabeth's monument, and it is on the second seal used by Richard I. after his return from captivity, that, for the first time, we find his shield distinctly adorned with the three lions passant guardant in pale, as they have been borne by subsequent English monarchs. (Willement's _Regal Heraldry_.)]

* * * * *

COLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL--"CHRISTOBELL, A GOTHIC TALE."

(Vol. vii., p. 206.).

Your correspondent S. Y. ought not to have charged the editors of Coleridge's _Poems_ with negligence, until he had shown that the lines he quotes were inserted in the original edition of _Christabel_. They have not the musical flow of Coleridge's versification, but rather the dash and vivacity of Scott. At all events, they are not to be found in the second edition of _Christabel_ (1816), nor in any subsequent edition. Indeed, I do not think that Coleridge made any alteration in the poem since its composition in 1797 and 1800. I referred to two reviews of Coleridge's _Poems_ published in Blackwood in 1819 and 1834; but found no trace of S. Y.'s lines. "An old volume of Blackwood" is rather a vague mode of reference. It is somewhat curious that, previous to the publication of _Christabel_, there appeared a _conclusion_ to that splendid fragment. It was entitled "Christobell, a Gothic Tale," and was published in the _European Magazine_ for April, 1815. It is dated "March, 1815," and signed "V.;" and was reprinted in _Fraser's Magazine_ for January, 1835. It is stated to be "written as a sequel to a beautiful legend of a fair lady and her father, deceived by a witch in {293} the guise of a noble knight's daughter." It commences thus:

"Whence comes the wavering light which falls
On Langdale's lonely chapel-walls?
The noble mother of Christobell
Lies in that lone and drear chapelle."

The writer of the review in Blackwood (Dec. 1839) of Mr. Tupper's lame and impotent conclusion to _Christabel_, remarks that--

"Mr. Tupper does not seem to know that _Christabel_ was continued many
years ago, in a style that perplexed the public, and pleased even
Coleridge. The ingenious writer meant it for a mere _jeu d'esprit_."

Query: Who was this "ingenious writer?"

While on the subject of _Christabel_, I may note a parallelism in reference to a line in Part I.:

"Her face, oh call it fair, not pale!"

"E smarrisce il bel _volto in un colore,_
_Che non è pallidezza, ma candore_."
_Tasso_, _G. Lib._ c. ii. st. 26.

J. M. B.

S. Y. is "severe _over_ much" and _under_ informed, in his strictures on the editors of Coleridge's _Works_ (1852), when he blames them for not giving Coleridge the credit of lines which _did not belong to him_. The lines which S. Y. quotes, and a "great many more,"--in fact, a "third part of _Christabel_,"--were sent to _Blackwood's Magazine_ in 1820, by the late Dr. William Maginn, as a first fruits of those _imitations_ and _parodies_ for which he afterwards became so famous. The success of his imitation of Coleridge's style is proved by the indignation of your correspondent. It is no small honour to the memory and talents of the gifted but erratic Maginn, that the want of his lines should be deemed a defect or omission in "one of the most beautiful poems in the English language." But in future, before he condemns editors for carelessness, S. Y. should be sure that he himself is correct.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.

_Economical Way of Iodizing Paper._--The extravagant price of the salt called iodide of potassium has led me to experiments as to whether paper could not be iodized in another form; and having been successful, I offer the process to the readers of "N. & Q." Having verified it three times, I can safely say that it is quite as effectual as using the above salt.

The first solution to be made, is a saturated solution of iodine. Put about sixty grains of iodine (the quantity is not of importance) into an ounce bottle, and add proof spirits of wine; set it near the fire "on the hob;" and when it is nearly boiling, agitate, and it will soon become a concentrated essence: take now a bottle of clear glass, called a quart bottle, and put in it about two ounces of what is called carbonate of potash (nothing more than purified pearlash); fill up with water to within an inch of the neck, and agitate; when it is dissolved, add any of the other approved sensitives, in discretionable doses, such as fluoride or bromide of potassa, ammoniac salt, or common salt--it may have about sixty grains of the latter; and when all are dissolved, add the iodine. This is added by degrees, and shaken; and when it is a pale yellow, it may be considered to be ready for iodizing: from some experiments, I am led to believe that a greater quantity of iodine may, if necessary, be added, only the colour should not be dark. And should the operator reach this point, a few drops of solution of cyanide of potassium may be added, until the pale colour returns. Bromine water I believe may be added, but that I have not used hitherto, and therefore cannot answer for its effects. The paper then having its usual wash of nitrate of silver, is then floated on the solution about one minute, and the accustomed process gone through as described by most photographers. It is only disposed to require a pretty strong solution of silver, say thirty grains to the ounce of water. This I attribute to the potash being in a little more caustic condition than when recrystallised with iodine. And the only difference in the above formula between the two states is, that the iodine in the medical preparation is incorporated by means of iron filings with the water, which I only interpret into being a cheaper method; which makes its high price the more scandalous, and I hope this method will save photographers from the imposition: the price of a quart of iodide of potassium would be about six shillings, by the above about ten-pence. And I can safely say, it is quite as effectual: theoretically, it appears to be better, because iodine is exceedingly difficult to preserve after being dissolved and recrystallised. And much of it is lost in the preparing iodized paper: as, for instance, the usual way generally requires floating on free iodine at the last; and with the formula here given, after using once, some small quantity of tincture of iodine should be added before putting away, as the silver laid upon the surface of the paper absorbs more of the iodine than the potash. Therefore, a very pale yellow may be its usual test for efficiency, and the equivalent will be maintained.

N.B.--Potash varying much in its alkaline property, some samples will remain colourless with addition of iodine; in which case the judgment must guide as to the quantity of iodine. It should not exceed the ounce of tincture: about two drachms may be added after using it for paper.

WELD TAYLOR.

7. Conduit Street West.

{294}

_Queries on Sir W. Newton's Process._--The process of SIR W. NEWTON is nearly similar to one I have successfully used for some years, and I can recommend it as effective and simple.

A difficulty I have lately found, has been with my iodized paper, which, when freshly used, is well enough; but if kept a month or two, will only allow of the paper being prepared to take views just before using. I should much like to know how this occurs.

If SIR W. NEWTON would answer the following Queries, he would add to the obligations that many others besides myself are under to him:

1. What paper does he use for positives, and what for negatives?

2. Is it not better to dissolve the silver and iodide of potassium in three ounces of water each instead of one (see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 151. 277.)?

3. Is spring water fit for washing the iodized paper; if it contains either sulphate or bicarbonate of lime or muriate of soda?

4. How long ought the iodized paper to keep good?

5. How long should the negative paper (on a moderately warm day) keep after being made sensitive, before exposing to the action of light; and how soon after that should it be developed?

JOHN STEWART.

Brighton.

_Suggestion to Photographers._--The Rev. Charles Forster, in his _One Primeval Language_ (p. 96.), speaks of the desirableness of obtaining copies of two great inscriptions in the Djebel Mokatteb,--one in forty-one, the other in sixty-seven lines, supposed to have been written by the Israelites during their exode. In the words, however, of the Comte d'Antraigues, which he quotes in p. 84: "Il faudroit six mois d'un travail opiniâtre, pour dessiner la totalité de ces caractères." Is not this a temptation to some of your photographic friends, who may be turning their steps to the East during the ensuing season, to possess themselves of a treasure which by the application of their art they might acquire almost in as many minutes?

VERBUM SAT.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Portrait of Pope_ (Vol. vii., p. 180.).--I cannot at this movement reply to MR. J. KNIGHT'S Query, but perhaps can correct an error in it. There was no _White_ of Derby; but Edward[9] _Wright_ of that city, was an artist of high repute. And I have in my possession a portrait of Pope done by him. On the back of this portrait is the following inscription:

"Edward Wright, the painter of this picture, was an intimate friend of
Mr. Richardson, and obtained leave from him to copy the portrait of Mr.
Pope; which Mr. R. was then painting, and had nearly finished. When the
outline was sketched out by E. Wright, he happened to meet Mr. Pope at
dinner, and on mentioning to him how he was employed, Mr. Pope said:
'Why should you take a copy, when the original is at your service? I
will come and sit to you.' He did so, and this picture was finished
from Mr. Pope himself. This account I had from the late William Wright,
Esq., my honoured uncle, who had the picture from the painter himself.
At Mr. Wright's death, it came to his widow, who gave it to my
brother[10]; at whose decease, it came to me.

"WILLIAM FALCONER, M.D., F.R.S.

"Bath, March 21, 1803."

The size of the picture is two feet five inches and a quarter by two feet one-eighth of an inch. It is a profile. It has never been engraved, and is in good condition.

R. W. F.

Bath.

[Footnote 9: [_Joseph_ was the Christian name of the celebrated painter usually styled Wright of Derby.--ED.]]

[Footnote 10: Thomas Falconer, Esq., of Chester.]

_Conundrum_ (Vol. vi., p. 602.).--Though I cannot answer the Query of RUFUS, as to the manner in which the species of conundrum communicated by him may be designated, I beg to inclose an answer to it, thinking you might perhaps deem it worthy of insertion:

Cold, sinful, sorrowful, this _earth_,
And all who seek in it their rest;
But though such mother gives us birth,
Let us not call ourselves unblest.

Though weak and earthly be our frame,
Within it dwells a nobler part;
A holy, heavenly, living flame
Pervades and purifies the _heart_.

To loving, glowing hearts in joy,
Shall not our _hearths_ and homes abound?
May not glad praise our lips employ,
And, though on earth, half heaven be found?

E. H. G.

_Herbé's "Costumes Français"_ (Vol. vii., p. 182.).--In answer to the Query by PICTOR, MR. PHILIP DARELL begs to state, that in the library at Calehill there is a copy of M. Herbé's book. It is the last edition (Paris, 1840), and purports to be "augmentée d'un examen critique et des _preuves positives_," &c. It begins by owning to certain errors in the former edition; in consequence of which M. Herbé had travelled through all France to obtain the means of correcting them in various localities.

P. D.

Calehill, Kent.

{295}

_Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy_ (Vol. vii., p. 206.).--In Young's _Natural Philosophy_ it is said, that if the cup of a barometer is placed in a vessel somewhat larger than the cup, so contrived that the tube of the barometer may fit air-tight in the top of the vessel, and if two holes are made in the vessel on opposite sides, a current of air driven in at one hole will cause the mercury to fall. Is not the case of the cards analogous to this? and might not the cause be, that the current of air carries away with it some of that contained between the cards, and so that the air is sufficiently rarefied to cause a pressure upwards greater than that caused by the current downwards, and the effect of gravity? Might not the sudden fall of the barometer before storms be from a cause similar in some degree to this?

A. B. C.

Oxford.

"_Haud cum Jesu itis, qui itis cum Jesuitis._"--In "N. & Q." for Feb. 7, 1852, a correspondent, L. H. J. T., asks for some clue to the above. Last March a friend of mine purchased in Paris, at a book-stall on the Quai D'Orsay, a manuscript book, very beautifully written, and in the old binding of the time, which appears to be the transcript of a printed volume. Its title is _Le Jésuit sécularisé_. A Cologne: chez Jacques Milebram. 1683.

It is a dialogue between "Dorval, abbé et docteur en th^e, et Maimbourg, Jésuit sécularisé;" and at the end (p. 197.) is a long Latin ballad, entitled "Canticum Jesuiticum," filling eight small 8vo. pages, the opening stanza of which is

"Opulentas civitates
Ubi sunt commoditates
Semper quærunt isti patres."

And the conclusion of the whole is, in effect, the line of which your correspondent speaks:

"Vita namque Christiana
Abhorret ab hâc doctrinâ
Tanquam fictâ et insanâ.
_Ergo_
Vos qui cum Jesu itis,
Non ite cum Jesuitis."

I should be glad to be certified by any of your correspondents of the actual existence of the printed volume, which probably was sought for and destroyed by the authorities on account of its pestilent contents.