Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.

{589} NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

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"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

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No. 190.] Saturday, June 18, 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

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CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page

On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 589
The Megatherium Americanum in the British Museum 590
Remunerations of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 591
Coincident Legends, by Thomas Keightley 591
Shakespeare Readings, No. VIII. 592
Shakespeare's Use of the Idiom "No had" and "No hath
not," by S. W. Singer, &c. 593

MINOR NOTES:--The Formation of the Woman,
Gen. ii. 21, 22.--Singular Way of showing Displeasure
--The Maids and the Widows--Alison's "Europe"--
"Bis dat, qui cito dat:" "Sat cito, si sat bene" 593

QUERIES:--

House-marks 594

Minor Queries:--"Seductor Succo"--Anna Lightfoot
--Queries from the "Navorscher"--"Amentium
haud Amantium"--"Hurrah!" and other War-cries
--Kissing Hands at Court--Uniforms of the three
Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II.--Raffaelle's
Sposalizio--"To the Lords of Convention"--
Richard Candishe, M.P.--Alphabetical Arrangement--
Saying of Pascal--Irish Characters on the Stage--
Family of Milton's Widow--Table-moving 595

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Form of Petition,
&c.--Bibliography--Peter Francius and De Wilde--
Work by Bishop Ken--Eugene Aram's Comparative
Lexicon--Drimtaidhvrickhillichattan--Coins of
Europe--General Benedict Arnold 596

REPLIES:--

Parish Registers: Right of Search, by G. Brindley Acworth 598
The Honourable Miss E. St. Leger, a Freemason, by
Henry H. Breen 598
Weather Rules, by John Booker, &c. 599
Scotchmen in Poland, by Richard John King 600
Mr. Justice Newton 600
The Marriage Ring 601
Canada, &c. 602
Selling a Wife, by William Bates 602
Enough 603

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Wilkinson's
Mode of levelling Cameras--Collodion Negative--
Developing Collodion Process--An iodizing Difficulty 604

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Bishop Frampton--Parochial
Libraries--Pierrepont--Passage in Orosius
--Pugna Porcorum--Oaken Tombs and Effigies--
Bowyer Bible--Longevity--Lady Anne Gray--Sir
John Fleming--Life--Family of Kelway--Sir G.
Browne, Bart.--Americanisms, so called--Sir Gilbert
Gerard, &c. 605

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 610
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 610
Notices to Correspondents 610
Advertisements 611

* * * * *

Notes.

ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS.

George Herbert says:

"The parson exceeds not an hour in preaching, because _all ages_ have
thought that a competency."--_A Priest to the Temple_, p. 28.

Ferrarius, _De Ritu Concion._, lib. i. c. 34., makes the following statement:

"Huic igitur certo ac communi malo (the evil of too long sermons) ut
medicinam facerent, Ecclesiae patres in concionando determinatum dicendi
tempus fereque unius horae spatio conclusum aut ipsi sibi praescribant,
aut ab aliis praefinitum religiose observabant."

Bingham, commenting on this passage, observes:

"Ferrarius and some others are very positive that they (their sermons)
were generally an hour long; but Ferrarius is at a loss to tell by what
instrument they measured their hour, for he will not venture to affirm
that they preached, as the old Greek and Roman orators declaimed, by an
hour-glass."--See _Bingham_, vol. iv. p. 582.

This remark of Bingham's brings me at once to the subject of my present communication. What evidence exists of the practice of preaching by the hour-glass, thus treated as improbable, if not ridiculous, by the learned writer just quoted? If the early Fathers of the church _timed_ their sermons by any instrument of the kind, we should expect their writings to contain _internal_ evidence of the fact, just as frequent allusion is made by Demosthenes and other ancient orators to the klepshydra or water-clock, by which the time allotted to each speaker was measured. Besides, the close proximity of such an instrument would be a constant source of metaphorical allusion on the subject of _time and eternity_. Perhaps those of your readers who are familiar with the extant sermons of the Greek and Latin fathers, may be able to supply some illustration on this subject. At all events there appears to be indisputable evidence of the use of the hour-glass in the pulpit formerly in this country. {590}

In an extract from the churchwardens' accounts of the parish of St. Helen, in Abingdon, Berks, we find the following entry:

"Anno MDXCI. 34 Eliz. 'Payde for an houre-glasse for the pulpit,'
4d."--See Hone's _Table-Book_, vol. i. p. 482.

Among the accounts of Christ Church, St. Catherine's, Aldgate, under the year 1564, this entry occurs:

"Paid for an hour-glass that hangeth by the pulpitt when the preacher
doth make a sermon that he may know how the hour passeth
away."--Malcolm's _Londinium_, vol. iii. p. 309., cited Southey's
_Common-Place Book_, 4th Series, p. 471.

In Fosbrooke (_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) I find the following passage:

"A stand for an hour-glass still remains in many pulpits. A rector of
Bibury (in Gloucestershire) used to preach two hours, regularly turning
the glass. After the text the esquire of the parish withdrew, smoaked
his pipe, and returned to the blessing."

The authority for this, which Fosbrooke cites, is Rudder's _Gloucestershire_, in "Bibury." It is added that lecturers' pulpits have also hour-glasses The woodcuts in Hawkins's _Music_, ii. 332., are referred to in support of this statement. I regret that I have no means of consulting the two last-mentioned authorities.

In 1681 some poor crazy people at Edinburgh called themselves the Sweet Singers of Israel. Among other things, they renounced the limiting the Lord's mind by _glasses_. This is no doubt in allusion to the hour-glass, which Mr. Water, the editor of the fourth series of Southey's _Common-Place Book_, informs us is still to be found, or at least its iron frame, in many churches, adding that the custom of preaching by the hour-glass commenced about the end of the sixteenth century. I cannot help thinking that an earlier date must be assigned to this singular practice. (See Southey's _Common-Place Book_, 4th series, p. 379.) Mr. Water states that one of these iron frames still exists at Ferring in Sussex. The iron extinguishers still to be found on the railing opposite large houses in London, are a similar memorial of an obsolete custom.

I trust some contributor to the "N. & Q." will be able to supply farther illustrations of this custom. Should it be revived in our own times, I fear most parishes would supply only a _half_-hour glass for the pulpit of their church, however unanimous antiquity may be in favour of sermons of an hour's duration. One advantage presented by this ancient and precise practice was, that the squire of the parish knew exactly when it was time to put out his pipe and return for the blessing, which he cannot ascertain under the present uncertain and indefinite mode of preaching. Fosbrooke (_Br. Mon._, p. 286.) states that the priest had sometimes a watch found for him by the parish. The authority cited for this is the following entry in the accounts of the Chantrey Wardens of the parish of Shire in Surrey:

"Received for the priest's watch after he was dead, 13s.
4d."--Manning's _Surrey_, vol. i. p. 531.

This entry seems to be rather too vague and obscure to warrant the inference drawn from it. This also may be susceptible of farther illustration.

A. W. S.

Temple.

* * * * *

THE MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

Amongst the most interesting specimens of that collection certainly ranges the skeleton of the above animal of a primaeval world, albeit but a cast; the real bones, found in Buenos Ayres, being preserved in the Museum of Madrid. To imagine a sloth of the size of a large bear, somewhat baffles our imagination; especially if we ponder upon the size of trees on which such a huge animal must have lived. To have placed near him a nondescript branch (!!) of a palm, as has been done in the Museum here, is a terrible mistake. Palms there were none at that period of telluric formation; besides, no sloth ever could ascend an exogenous tree, as the simple form of the coma of leaves precludes every hope of motion, &c. I never can view those remnants of a former world, without being forcibly reminded of that most curious passage in Berosus, which I cite from memory:

"There was a flood raging then over parts of the world.... There were
to be seen, however, on the walls of the temple of Belus,
representations of animals, such as inhabited the earth before the
Flood."

We may thence gather, that although the ancient world did not possess museums of stuffed animals, yet, the first collection of _Icones_ is certainly that mentioned by Berosus. I think that it was about the times of the Crusades, that animals were first rudely preserved (stuffed), whence the emblems in the coats of arms of the nobility also took their origin. I have seen a MS. in the British Museum dating from this period, where the delineation of a bird of the _Picus_ tribe is to be found. Many things which the Crusaders saw in Egypt and Syria were so striking and new to them, that they thought of means of preserving them as mementoes for themselves and friends. The above date, I think, will be an addition to the history of collections of natural history: a work wanting yet in the vast domain of modern literature.

A FOREIGN SURGEON.

Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury Square.

* * * * * {591}

REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS.

In that varied and interesting of antiquarian and literary curiosities, "N. & Q.," perhaps a collection of the prices paid by booksellers and publishers for works of interest and to authors of celebrity might find a corner. As a first contribution towards such a collection, if approved of, I send some Notes made some years ago, with the authorities from which I copied them. With regard to those cited on the authority of "R. Chambers," I cannot now say from which of Messrs. Chambers's publications I extracted them, but fancy it might have been the _Cyclopaedia of English Literature_. To any one disposed to swell the list of the remunerations of authors, I would suggest that Disraeli's _Curiosities of Literature_, Boswell's _Life of Johnson_, Johnson's _Lives of the Poets_ and other works of every-day handling, would no doubt furnish many facts; but all my books being in the country, I have no means of searching, and therefore send my Notes in the fragmentary state in which I find them:--

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Title of Work. | Author. | Publisher. | Price. | Authority. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Gulliver's Travels | Dean Swift | Molte | 300l. |Sir W. Scott. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Tom Jones | H. Fielding | Miller | 600l. | Ditto. | | | and 100l. | | | | after | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Amelia | Ditto | Ditto | 1000l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- History of England | Dr. Smollett| | 2000l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Memoirs of Richard | | | | Cumberland | Himself | Lackington | 500l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Vicar of Wakefield |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | 50l. | Dr. Johnson. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Selections of | | | | English Poetry | Ditto | | 200l. | Lee Lewis. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Deserted Village | Ditto | | 100l. | Sir W. Scott. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Rasselas | Dr. Johnson | | 100l. | | | | and 24l. | Ditto | | | after | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Traveller |Dr. Goldsmith|Newberry | 21l. | Wm. Irving -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Old English Baron | Clara Reeve | Dilly | | | | (Poultry) | 10l. |Sir W. Scott. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Mysteries of | | Geo. | | Udolpho |Ann Radcliffe| Robinson |500l. | Ditto -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Italian | Ditto | |800l. | Ditto -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Mount Henneth | Robert Bage | Lowndes |30l. | Ditto -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Translation of | | Jacob | | Ovid | John Dryden | Tonson |52l. 10s. |R. Chambers. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto of | | |1200l. | Virgil | Ditto | Ditto |and | Ditto | | |subscriptions| -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Fables and Ode | | | | for St. Cecilia's | Ditto | Ditto | 250 guineas | Ditto Day | | | | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Paradise Lost | John Milton |Sam. Symmons|5l., 5l. 2nd | | | |edit., and |Sir W. Scott. | | |8l. | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Translation of | Alexander | | | the Iliad | Pope | | 1200l. | R. Chambers. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto of the | | | | Odyssey (half) | Ditto | | 600l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto ditto | | | | (remainder) | Ditto | Browne | 500l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto ditto | | | | (ditto) | Ditto | Featon | 300l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Beggar's Opera | | | | (1st part) | John Gay | | 400l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto (2nd part) | Ditto | |1100l. or | | | |1200l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Three abridged | | | | Histories of |Dr. Goldsmith| Newberry | About 800l. | Ditto. England | | | | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- History of | | | | Animated Nature | Ditto | Ditto | 850l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Lives of the Poets | Dr. Johnson | | 210l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Evelina | Miss Burney | | 5l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- History of England | | | | during the Reign | David Hume | | 200l. | of the Stuarts | | | | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto ditto | | | | (remainder) | Ditto | | 5000l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- History of Scotland| Robertson | | 600l | Creech. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- History of Charles | | | | V. | Ditto | | 4500l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Decline and Fall | | | | of the Roman | Gibbon | | 6000l. |R. Chambers. Empire | | | | -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Sermons (1st part) | Blair | | 200l. | Creech -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto | Tillotson | | 2500 guineas| R. Chambers -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Childe Harold | | | | (4th canto) | Lord Byron | | 2100l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Poetical Works | | | | (whole) | Ditto | | 15,000l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Lay of the | | | | Last Minstrel |Sir W. Scott | Constable | 600l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Marmion | Ditto | Ditto | 1050l. | Miss Seward. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Pleasures of | Thos. | | | Hope | Campbell | Mundell | 1050l. | R. Chambers. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Gertrude of | | | | Wyoming | Ditto | Ditto |1500 guineas | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Poems | Crabbe | Murray | 3000l. | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Irish Melodies | Thomas Moore| |500l. a year | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Spelling Book | Vyse | | 2200l. and | | | | 50l. a year | Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Philosophy of | | |1050l., 1st | Natural History | Smellie | |edition and | | | |50l. each | | | |after | Ditto -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Various | | | | (aggregate) | Goethe | |30,000 crowns| Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+-------------+------------- Ditto (ditto) |Chateaubriand| |500,000 francs| Ditto. -------------------+-------------+------------+--------------+-------------

I perfectly agree with the suggestion of one of your correspondents, that, in a publication like yours, dealing with historic facts, the communications should not be anonymous, or made under _noms de guerre_. I therefore drop the initials with which I have signed previous communications, and append my name as suggested.

ALEXANDER ANDREWS.

* * * * *

COINCIDENT LEGENDS.

In the Scandinavian portion of the _Fairy Mythology_, there is a legend of a farmer cheating a Troll in an argument respecting the crops that were to be grown on the hill within which the latter resided. It is there observed that Rabelais tells the same story of a farmer and the Devil. I think there can be no doubt that these are not independent fictions, but that the legend is a transmitted one, the Scandinavian being the original, brought with them perhaps by the Normans. {592} But what are we to say to the actual fact of the same legend being found in the valleys of Afghanistan?

Masson, in his _Narrative_, &c. (iii. 297.), when speaking of the Tajiks of Lughman, says,--

"They have the following amusing story: In times of yore, ere the
natives were acquainted with the arts of husbandry, the Shaitan, or
Devil, appeared amongst them, and, winning their confidence,
recommended them to sow their lands. They consented, it being farther
agreed that the Devil was to be a _sherik_, or partner, with them. The
lands were accordingly sown with turnips, carrots, beet, onions, and
such vegetables whose value consists in the roots. When the crops were
mature the Shaitan appeared, and generously asked the assembled
agriculturists if they would receive for their share what was above
ground or what was below. Admiring the vivid green hue of the tops,
they unanimously replied that they would accept what was above ground.
They were directed to remove their portion, when the Devil and his
attendants dug up the roots and carried them away. The next year he
again came and entered into partnership. The lands were now sown with
wheat and other grains, whose value lies in their seed-spikes. In due
time, as the crops had ripened, he convened the husbandmen, putting the
same question to them as he did the preceding year. Resolved not to be
deceived as before, they chose for their share what was below ground;
on which the Devil immediately set to work and collected the harvest,
leaving them to dig up the worthless roots. Having experienced that
they were not a match for the Devil, they grew weary of his friendship;
and it fortunately turned out that, on departing with his wheat, he
took the road from Lughman to Barikab, which is proverbially intricate,
and where he lost his road, and has never been heard of or seen since."

Surely here is simple coincidence, for there could scarcely ever have been any communication between such distant regions in remote times, and the legend has hardly been carried to Afghanistan by Europeans. There is, as will be observed, a difference in the character of the legends. In the Oriental one it is the Devil who outwits the peasants. This perhaps arises from the higher character of the Shaitan (the ancient Akriman) than that of the Troll or the mediaeval Devil.

THOS. KEIGHTLEY.

* * * * *

SHAKSPEARE READINGS, NO. VIII.

I have to announce the detection of an important misprint, which completely restores sense, point, and antithesis to a sorely tormented passage in _King Lear_; and which proves at the same time that the corrector of MR. COLLIER'S folio, in this instance at least, is undeniably in error. Here, as elsewhere (whether by anticipation or imitation I shall not take upon me to decide), he has fallen into just the same mistake as the rest of the commentators: indeed it is startling to observe how regularly he suspects every passage that they have suspected, and how invariably he treats them in the same spirit of emendation (some places of course excepted, where his courage soars far beyond theirs; such as the memorable "curds and cream," "on a table of green frieze," &c.).

I say that the error of "the old corrector," in this instance, is _undeniable_, because the misprint I am about to expose, like the egg-problem of Columbus, when once shown, demonstrates itself: so that any attempt to support it by argument would be absurd, because superfluous.

There are two verbs, one in every-day use, the other obsolete, which, although of nearly opposite significations, and of very dissimilar sound, nevertheless differ only in the mutual exchange of place in two letters: these verbs are _secure_ and _r_ecu_s_e; the first implying _assurance_, the second _want of assurance_, or refusal. Hence any sentence would receive an opposite meaning from one of these verbs to what it would from the other.

Let us now refer to the opening scene of the Fourth Act of _King Lear_, where the old man offers his services to Gloster, who has been deprived of his eyes:

"_Old Man._ You cannot see your way.

_Gloster._ I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;
I stumbled when I saw: full oft 'tis seen
Our means _secure_ us, and our mere defects
Prove our commodities."

Here one would suppose that the obvious opposition between _means_ and _defects_ would have preserved these words from being tampered with; and that, on the other hand, the _absence_ of opposition between _secure_ and _commodious_ would have directed attention to the real error. But, no: all the worretting has been about _means_; and this unfortunate word has been twisted in all manner of ways, until finally "the old corrector" informs us that "the printer read _wants_ 'means,' and hence the blunder!"

Now, mark the perfect antithesis the passage receives from the change of _secure_ into _recuse_:

"Full oft 'tis seen
Our means recuse us, and our mere defects
Prove our commodities."

I trust I may be left in the quiet possession of whatever merit is due to this restoration. Some other of my humble _auxilia_ have, before now, been coolly appropriated, with the most innocent air possible, without the slightest acknowledgment. One instance is afforded in MR. KEIGHTLEY'S communication to "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 136., where that gentleman not only repeats the explanation I had previously given of the same passage, but even does me the honour of requoting the same line of Shakspeare with which I had supported it.

I did not think it worth noticing at the time, nor should I now, were it not that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S {593} confidence in the negligence or want of recollection in your readers seems not have been wholly misplaced, if we may judge from MR. ARROWSMITH's admiring foot-note in last Number of "N. & Q.," p. 568.

A. E. B.

Leeds.

* * * * *

SHAKESPEARE'S USE OF THE IDIOM "NO HAD" AND "NO HATH NOT."

(Vol. vii., p. 520.)

We are under great obligations to the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH for his very interesting illustration of several misunderstood archaisms; and it may not be unacceptable to him if I call his attention to what seems to me a farther illustration of the above singular idiom, from Shakspeare himself.

In _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 3., where Rosalind has been banished by the Duke her uncle, we have the following dialogue between Celia and her cousin:

"_Cel._ O my poor Rosalind! whither wilt thou go?
Wilt thou change fathers? I will give thee mine.
I charge thee, be not thou more grieved than I am.

_Ros._ I have more cause.

_Cel._ Thou hast not, cousin:
Pr'ythee be cheerful: know'st thou not, the duke
Hath banish'd me, his daughter?

_Ros._ That he hath not.

_Cel._ _No hath not?_ Rosalind lacks, then, the love
Which teacheth thee that thou and I _are_ one.
Shall we be sunder'd," &c.

From wrong pointing, and ignorance of the idiomatic structure, the passage has hitherto been misunderstood; and Warburton proposed to read, "Which teacheth _me_," but was fortunately opposed by Johnson, although _he_ did not clearly understand the passage. I have ventured to change _am_ to _are_, for I cannot conceive that Shakspeare wrote, "that thou and I _am_ one!" It is with some hesitation that I make this trifling innovation on the old text, although we have, a few lines lower, the more serious misprint of _your change_ for _the charge_. I presume that the abbreviated form of _the = y^e_ was taken for for _y^r_, and the _r_ in _charge_ mistaken for _n_; and in the former case of _am_ for _are_, indistinctness in old writing, and especially in such a hand as, it appears from his autograph, our great poet wrote, would readily lead to such mistakes. That the correction was left to the printer of the first folio, I am fully persuaded; yet, in comparison with the second folio, it is a correct book, notwithstanding all its faults. That it was customary for men who were otherwise busied, as we may suppose Heminge and Condell to have been, to leave the correction entirely to the printer, is certain; for an acquaintance of Shakspeare's, Resolute John Florio, distinctly shows that it was the case. We have this pithy brief Preface to the second edition of his translation of Montaigne:

"_To the Reader._

"Enough, if not too much, hath beene said of this translation. If the
faults found even by myselfe in the first impression, be now by the
printer corrected, as he was directed, the work is much amended: if
not, know that through mine attendance on her Majesty, I could not
intend it; and blame not Neptune for my second shipwracke. Let me
conclude with this worthy man's daughter of alliance: 'Que t'ensemble
donc lecteur?'

_Still Resolute_ JOHN FLORIO."

S. W. SINGER.

Mickleham.

_Shakspeare_ (Vol. vii., p. 521.).--May I ask whether there is any precedent (I think there can be no excuse) for calling Shakspeare's plays "our national Bible"?

A CLERGYMAN.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_The Formation of the Woman_, Gen. ii. 21, 22.--The terms of Matthew Henry on this subject, in his learned _Commentary_, have become quite commonplace with divines, when speaking of the ordinance of marriage:

"The woman was made of a rib out of the side of Adam: not made out of
his head, to top him; nor out of his feet, to be trampled upon by him;
but out of his side, to be equal with him; under his arm, to be
protected; and near his heart, to be beloved."

Like many other things in his Exposition, this is not original with Henry. It is here traced to the _Speculum Humanae Salvationis_ of the earliest and rarest printed works. Some of your readers can probably trace it to the Fathers. The verses which follow are engraven in block characters in the first edition of the work named, and are copied from the fifth plate of specimens of early typography in Meerman's _Origines Typographicae_: Hague, MDCCLXV.:

"Mulier autem in paradiso est formata
De costis viri dormientis est parata
Deus autem ipsam super virum honestavit
Quoniam Evam in loco voluptatis plasmavit,
Non facit eam sicut virum de limo terrae
Sed de osse nobilis viri Adae et de ejus carne.
Non est facta de pede, ne a viro despiceretur
Non de capite ne supra virum dominaretur.
Sed est facta de latere maritali
Et data est viro pro gloria et socia collaterali.
Quae si sibi in honorem collata humiliter praestitisset
Nunquam molestiam a viro unquam sustinuisset."

O. T. D.

_Singular Way of showing Displeasure._--

"The earl's regiment not long after, according to order, marched to
take possession of the town (Londondery); but at their appearance
before it the citizens clapt up the gates, and denyed them entrance,
{594} declaring their resolution for the king (William III.) and their
own preservation. Tyrconnel at the news of this was said _to have burnt
his wig, as an indication of his displeasure with the townsmen's
proceedings_."--_Life of James II._, p. 290.

E. H. A.

_The Maids and the Widows._--The following petition, signed by sixteen maids of Charleston, South Carolina, was presented to the governor of that province on March 1, 1733-4, "the day of the feast:"

"To His Excellency Governor Johnson.

"The humble Petition of all the Maids whose names are underwritten:

"Whereas we the humble petitioners are at present in a very melancholy
disposition of mind, considering how all the bachelors are blindly
captivated by widows, and our more youthful charms thereby neglected:
the consequence of this our request is, that your Excellency will for
the future order that no widow shall presume to marry any young man
till the maids are provided for; or else to pay each of them a fine for
satisfaction, for invading our liberties; and likewise a fine to be
laid on all such bachelors as shall be married to widows. The great
disadvantage it is to us maids, is, that the widows, by their forward
carriages, do snap up the young men; and have the vanity to think their
merits beyond ours, which is a great imposition upon us who ought to
have the preference.

"This is humbly recommended to your Excellency's consideration, and
hope you will prevent any farther insults.

"And we poor Maids as in duty bound will ever pray.

"P.S.--I, being the oldest Maid, and therefore most concerned, do think
it proper to be the messenger to your Excellency in behalf of my fellow
subscribers."

UNEDA.

_Alison's "Europe."_--In a note to Sir A. Alison's _Europe_, vol. ix. p. 397., 12mo., enforcing the opinion that the prime movers in all revolutions are not men of high moral or intellectual qualities, he quotes, as from "Sallust _de Bello Cat._,"

"In _turbis atque seditionibus_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et
quies bonis artibus _aluntur_."

No such words, however, are to be found in Sallust: but the correct expression is in Tacitus (_Hist._, iv. 1.):

"Quippe in _turbas et discordias_ pessimo cuique plurima vis; pax et
quies bonis artibus _indigent_."

Sir A. Alison quotes, in the same note, as from Thucydides (l. iii. c. 39.), the following:

"In the contests of the Greek commonwealth, those who were esteemed the
most depraved, and had the least foresight, invariably prevailed; for
being conscious of this weakness, and dreading to be overreached by
those of greater penetration, they went to work hastily with the sword
and poniard, and thereby got the better of their antagonists, who where
occupied with more refined schemes."

This paragraph is certainly not in the place mentioned; nor can I find it after a diligent search through Thucydides. Will Sir A. Alison, or any of his Oxford friends, be good enough to point out the author, and indicate where such a passage is really to be found?

T. J. BUCKTON.

Birmingham.

_"Bis dat, qui cito dat"_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--_"Sat cito, si sat bene."_--The first of these proverbs reminded me of the second, which was a favourite maxim of Lord Chancellor Eldon. (See _The Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon_, vol. i. p. 48.) I notice it for the purpose of showing that Lord Eldon followed (perhaps unconsciously) the example of Augustus, and that the motto is as old as the time of the first Roman emperor, if it is not of more remote origin. The following is an extract from the Life of Augustus, Sueton., chap. XXV.:

"Nil autem minus in imperfecto duce, quam festinationem temeritatemque,
convenire arbitrabatur. Crebro itaque illa jactabat, [Greek: Speude
bradeos]. Et:

'[Greek: asphales gar est' ameinon e thrasus stratelates].'

Et, 'Sat celeriter fieri, quicquid fiat satis bene.'"

Perhaps T. H. can give us the origin of these Greek and Latin maxims, as he has of "Bis dat, qui cito dat" (Vol. i., p. 330).

F. W. J.

* * * * *

Queries.

HOUSE-MARKS.

Are there traces in England of what the people of Germany, on the shores of the Baltic, call _Hausmaerke_, and what in Denmark and Norway is called _bolmaerke_, _bomaerke_? These are certain figures, generally composed of straight lines, and imitating the shape of the cross or the runes, especially the so-called compound runes. They are meant to mark all sorts of property and chattels, dead and alive, movable and immovable, and are drawn out, or burnt into, quite inartistically, without any attempt of colouring or sculpturing. So, for instance, every freeholder in Praust, a German village near Dantzic, has his own mark on all his property, by which he recognises it. They are met with on buildings, generally over the door, or on the gable-end, more frequently on tombstones, or on epitaphs in churches, on pews and old screens, and implements, cattle, and on all sorts of documents, where the common people now use three crosses.

The custom is first mentioned in the old Swedish law of the thirteenth century (Uplandslagh, _Corp. Jur. Sveo-Goth._, iii. p. 254.), and occurs almost at the same period in the seals of the citizens of the Hanse-town Lubeck. It has been in common use {595} in Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Sleswick, Holstein, Hamburgh, Lubeck, Mecklenburgh, and Pomerania, but is at present rapidly disappearing. Yet, in Holstein they still mark the cattle grazing on the common with the signs of their respective proprietors; they do the same with the haystacks in Mecklenburgh, and the fishing-tackle on the small islands of the Baltic. In the city of Dantzic these marks still occur in the prayer-books which are left in the churches.

There are scarcely any traces of this custom in the south of Germany, except that the various towers of the city-wall of Nurnberg are said to bear their separate marks; and that an apothecary of Strasburg, Merkwiller, signs a document, dated 1521, with his name, his coat of arms, and a simple mark.

Professor Homeyer has lately read, before the Royal Academy of Berlin, a very learned paper on the subject, and has explained this ancient custom as significant of popular law, possibly intimating the close connexion between the property and its owner. I am sorry not to be able to copy out the Professor's collection of runic marks; but I trust that the preceding lines will be sufficient in order to elicit the various traces of a similar custom still prevalent, or remembered, in the British isles; an account of which will be thankfully received at Berlin, where they have lately been informed, that even the eyder-geese on the Shetlands are distinguished by the marks of their owners.

[alpha].

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_"Seductor Succo."_--Will any of your readers oblige me by giving me either a literal or poetical translation of the following lines, taken from Foulis, _Rom. Treasons_, Preface, p. 28., 1681?

"Seductor Succo, Gallo Sicarius; Anglo Proditor; Imperio Explorator;
Davus Ibero; Italo Adulator; dixi teres ore,--Suitam."

CLERICUS (D).

_Anna Lightfoot._--T. H. H. would be obliged by any particulars relating to Anna Lightfoot, the left-handed wife of George III. It has been stated that she had but one son, who died at an early age; but a report circulates in some channels, that she had also a daughter, married to a wealthy manufacturer in a midland town. It is particularly desired to know in what year, and under what circumstances, Anna Lightfoot died.

_Queries from the "Navorscher."_--Did Addison, Steele, or Swift write the "Choice of Hercules" in the _Tatler_?

Was Dr. Hawkesworth, or, if not, who was, the author of "Religion the Foundation of Content," an allegory in the _Adventurer_?

In what years were born C. C. Colton, Pinnock, Washington Irving, George Long, F. B. Head; and when died those of them who are no longer among us?

Who wrote "Journal of a poor Vicar," "Story of Catherine of Russia," "Volney Becker," and the "Soldier's Wife," in Chamber's _Miscellany_?

Did Luther write drinking-songs? If so, where are they to be met with?

_"Amentium haud Amantium."_--I should be glad to ascertain, and perhaps it may be interesting to classical scholars generally to know, if any of your correspondents or readers can suggest an English translation for the phrase "amentium haud amantium" (in the first act of the _Andria_ of Terence), which shall represent the alliteration of the original. The publication of this Query may probably elicit the desired information.

FIDUS INTERPRES.

Dublin.

_"Hurrah!" and other War-cries._--When was the exclamation "Hurrah!" first used by Englishmen, and what was the war-cry before its introduction? Was it ever used separately from, or always in conjunction with "H.E.P.! H.E.P.?" Was "Huzza!" contemporaneous? What are the known war-shouts of other European or Eastern nations, ancient or modern?

CAPE.

_Kissing Hands at Court._--When was the kissing of hands at court first observed?

CAPE.

_Uniforms of the three Regiments of Foot Guards, temp. Charles II._--Being very desirous to know where well authenticated pictures of officers in the regimentals of the Foot Guards during the reign of Charles II. may be seen, or are, I shall be greatly obliged to any reader of "N & Q." who will supply the information. I make no doubt there are, in many of the private collections of this country, several portraits of officers so dressed, which have descended as heir-looms in families. I subjoin the colonels' names, and dates of the regiments:

1st Foot Guards, 1660: Colonel Russell, Henry Duke of Grafton.

Coldstream Guards, 1650: General Monk.

3rd Guards, 1660: Earl of Linlithgow. 1670: Earl of Craven.

D. N.

_Raffaelle's Sposalizio._--Will DIGITALIS, or any of your numerous correspondents or readers, do me the favour to say why, in Raffaelle's celebrated painting "Lo Sposalizio," in the gallery of the Brera at Milan, Joseph is represented as placing the ring on the third finger of _right_ hand of the Virgin?

I noticed the same peculiarity in Ghirlandais's fresco of the "Espousals" in the church of the Santa Croce at Florence. This I remarked to the custode, an intelligent old man, who informed {596} me that the connexion said to exist between the heart and the third finger refers to that finger of the _right_ hand, and not, as we suppose, to the third finger of the _left_ hand. He added, that the English are the only nation who place the ring on the left hand. I do not find that this latter statement is borne out by what I have seen of the ladies of continental Europe; and I suppose it was an hallucination in my worthy informant.

I must leave to better scholars in the Italian language than I am, to say whether "Lo Sposalizio" means "Betrothal" or "Marriage:" certainly this latter is the ordinary signification.

I have a sort of floating idea that I once heard that at the ceremony of "Betrothal," now, I believe, rarely if ever practised, it was customary to place the ring on the right hand. I am by no means clear where I gleaned this notion.

G. BRINDLEY ACWORTH.

Brompton.

_"To the Lords of Convention."_--Where can I find the _whole_ of the ballad beginning--

"To the Lords of Convention 'twas Claverh'se that spoke;"

and also the name of the author?