Notes and Queries, Number 200, August 27, 1853

Chapter I: Front Matter

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{189}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

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="When found, make a note of."=--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

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No. 200.]
SATURDAY, AUGUST 27. 1853.
[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._

CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page

The English, Irish, and Scotch Knights of the Order of St. John
of Jerusalem, by William Winthrop 189

Duport's Lines to Izaak Walton 193

Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, James
Cornish, &c. 193

MINOR NOTES:--Sir Francis Drake--Similarity of Idea in St.
Luke and Juvenal--Sincere--Epitaph in Appleby Churchyard,
Leicestershire 195

QUERIES:--

The Crescent, by W. Robson 196

MINOR QUERIES:--The Hebrew Testament--Dr. Franklin--Flemish
Refugees--"Sad are the rose leaves"--References
wanted--Tea-marks--William the Conqueror's
Surname--Old Saying--To pluck a Crow with One--"Well's
a fret"--Pay the Piper--Greek Inscription upon a Font,
mentioned by Jeremy Taylor--Acharis--Attainment of
Majority--Hartman's Account of Waterloo--Henry Chicheley,
Archbishop of Canterbury--Translation of Athenæus--Passages
from Euripides--Anderson's Royal Genealogies 196

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Louis le Hutin 199

REPLIES:--

Bee-Park--Bee-Hall 199

Milton's Widow, by J. F. Marsh and T. Hughes 200

Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church 200

Curious Mistranslations, by Henry H. Breen 201

"To speak in lutestring" by the Rev. W. Fraser 202

Burial in Unconsecrated Places, by Wm. T. Hesleden and R. W.
Elliot 202

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Muller's Process--Detail
on Negative Paper--Ammonio-nitrate of Silver 203

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"Up, guards, and at them!"--German
Heraldry--The Eye--Canute's Point, Southampton--Symon
Patrick, Bishop of Ely: Durham: Weston--Battle of Villers
en Couché--Curious Posthumous Occurrence--Passage in Job--St.
Paul and Seneca--Haulf-naked--Books chained to Desks in
Churches--Scheltrum--Quarrel--Wild Plants, and their
Names--Jeremy Taylor and Christopher Lord Hatton--Burial
on the North Side of Churches--Rubrical Query--Stone
Pillar Worship--Bad--Porc-pisee--Lowbell--Praying to the
West--Old Dog--Contested Elections--"Rathe" in the Sense
of "early"--Chip in Porridge--"A saint in crape is twice
a saint in lawn"--Gibbon's Library: West's Portrait of
Franklin--Derivation of "Island"--Spur--On the Use of the
Hour-glass in Pulpits--Selling a Wife--Impossibilities of
History--Lad and Lass--Enough 204

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 210

Notices to Correspondents 210

Advertisements 210

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Notes.

THE ENGLISH, IRISH, AND SCOTCH KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.

For the following list of the English, Irish, and Scotch knights of the Order of St. John, who are mentioned in the records of this island when under its rule, I am in a great measure indebted to Dr. Vella, who, after having made at my request a diligent search through very many old volumes and manuscripts, has kindly favoured me with the result of his labours. The names of the knights and places mentioned in this Note are written, in every instance, as Dr. Vella and myself have seen them recorded. Before commencing with the list, I have a few remarks to offer, that the terms peculiar to the Order which I shall make use of may be understood by those of your readers who are unacquainted with its history.

The English tongue comprised the priories of England, Ireland, and Scotland, and thirty-two different commanderies. Its property, which was seized by Henry VIII. in 1534, was afterwards restored by Queen Mary, and finally and effectually confiscated by Elizabeth in the first year of her reign. Her Majesty's order for the seizure of the Irish estates was dated on the 3rd of June, 1559, and addressed to William Fitzwilliam. Vide the "Diplomatic Code of the Order," and Rymer, vol. xv. p. 527.

Although Dr. Vella and myself had every wish to classify the knights of the English tongue under their different languages, still we have failed in our first attempt, and to enable us to succeed we must ask for assistance from your correspondents in England. They must be known by their names; thus, for instance, the Dundas's of 1524 and 1538 were as evidently of Scotch, as the Russells of 1536, 1537, and 1554 were of English descent. We might apply the same remark to many other knights whose names will be found recorded in the following list.

Whenever a vacancy occurred by the death of a grand master, who was always a sovereign prince, the election for his successor could only take place in the convent. It was not necessary that the person elected should be present. Villiers De {190} L'Isle Adam was residing in France in 1521, when his brethren at Rhodes made him their chief. The grand priors, commanders, and knights, who were absent from Malta, whether employed in the service of the Order or not, had neither voice nor ballot in the election; and the more effectually to prevent their interference, as also that of the Roman pontiff, only three days were allowed to transpire before a successor was chosen, and proclaimed as the head of the convent.

Henry VIII. addressed L'Isle Adam as follows: "Reverendissimo in Christo Patri Domini, F. de Villers L. Isleadam, Magno Hierosolymitani Ordinis Magistro, et consanguineo, et amico nostro carissimo." George II., as the king of a Protestant country, sent a letter to Emmanuel Pinto, bearing the following superscription: "Eminentissimo Principi Domino Emanueli Pinto, Magno Ordinis Melitensis Magistro, Consanguineo, et Amico Nostro Carissimo."

Boisgelin has stated in the first volume of his _History of Malta_, p. 194., that the--

"King of England addressed the grand master by the following
titles: 'Eminentissime princeps consanguinea et amice noster
carissime.' The King of France gave the Order the title of
'Très chers et bons amis;' and the grand master that of 'Très
cher et très aimé cousin," in the same style as he addressed
the Dukes of Tuscany."

That this note may not occupy too much space in your interesting, publication, I would now merely remark that the "convent" was known as the place where the grand master, or his lieutenant, resided, and the "tongue," according to the code of the Order, was the term applied to a nation. A grand prior was the chief of his language, who resided in his native country. A "Turcopolier" was the title of the conventual bailiff of the venerable language of England, "and it took its name from the Turcopoles, a sort of light horse mentioned in the history of the wars carried on by the Christians in Palestine." The English knights won for themselves this high honour by their gallantry in the Holy Land, and in remembrance it ever after remained with their tongue. A Turcopolier was the third dignity in the convent, and the last knight who enjoyed it was Sir Richard Shelley, Prior of England. At his decease the grand master assumed the title for himself. The two interesting letters addressed by Sir Richard Shelley to Henry VIII., in which he complained of his majesty's treatment to the Order of St. John, and pleaded in its favour, were published in the English language, and five years ago were to be seen in the government library of this island. But, on my asking a short time ago to refer to them, I regretted to find that they had been taken from the library by a _gentleman_ who was well introduced to the librarian, and whose conduct in this, and some other transactions where valuable books are concerned, cannot be too strongly condemned. Before returning from this brief digression to the subject of my Note, might I ask if these letters are known in England, and whether copies could be easily procured for a friend who is desirous of having them inserted in a forthcoming publication?

The Knights of St. John being members of a masonic institution, termed each other brothers, is customary with members of the craft at the present time. And it may not be out of place to remark that several of the chapels, churches, and fortifications of Malta are ornamented with masonic signs and emblems, which have been several times referred to, and cleverly explained within the last three years in different numbers of the _Masonic Quarterly Review_. Those of your readers who take an interest in masonry may peruse these papers of a distinguished mason, now stationed in the West Indies, with instruction and pleasure.

Boisgelin has recorded in the first volume of his _History of Malta_, p. 182., that the Order of St. John of Jerusalem "might with propriety be considered as being at the same time hospitaller, religious, military, republican, aristocratical, monarchical," and lastly, as if these different terms, which, without his explanation, would appear to be incorrect as applying to one institution, were not sufficient, he has added in a note, that in the last days of its existence it might also have been called democratical. He has stated that it was--

"Hospitaller, from having hospitals constantly open for the
reception of the sick of all countries and religions, whom the
knights attended in person. Religious, because the members
took the three vows of chastity, obedience, and poverty, which
last consisted in having no property independent of the Order
at large, and on that account the Pope was their superior.
Military, from being constantly armed, and always at war with
the infidels. Republican, as their chief was chosen from
among themselves, and could not enact laws, or carry them
into execution, without their consent. Aristocratical, since
none but the knights and grand master had any share in the
legislative and executive power. Monarchical, from having a
superior who could not be dispossessed of his dignity, and was
invested with the right of sovereignty over the subjects of the
order, together with those of Malta and its dependencies. And
lastly, Democratical, from the introduction of a language which
did not require any proofs of nobility."[1]

Before taking leave of Boisgelin, it should be recorded that he was a Knight of Malta; and his history, one of the best now extant, appeared in {191} those troubled times, when he hoped by conciliating all governments, to see his Order again restored. Influenced in all things by this hope, vain as it was, his statements should be received with some grains of allowance.

Before calling attention to the following list, I have to state that a knight could not become commander before he had made four cruises in the galleys, or served five years in the convent. He had also to remain three years a commander before he could claim a pension. Those knights who are known to have been at Malta will be distinguished by a †.

†Aylmer, Sir George 1521
Commander of Holstone.

Adfil, George 1524

Albrit, Oliver 1527

Bouth, John 1522
Turcopolier, killed at the siege of Rhodes.

Blasly, Robert 1526

Boydel, Edward 1529

†Babington, John 1531
Bailiff of Aguila, Commander of Dalby.

†Babington, Philip 1531

†Belingham, Edward 1531
Commander of Dynmore.

†Balfard, Richard 1531

†Brown, Edward 1531

†Broke, Richard 1531
Commander of Mount St. John.

Boydel, George 1532

Boydel, Roger 1533
Turcopolier.

†Bentham, Anthony 1536

Boyse, Andrew 1588

Corbet, William 1522
Commander of Templebruer.

Cane, Sir Ambrose 1525

Chanure, John 1525

Campledik, Thomas 1529
Commander of Corbroke.

Chambers, Sir James 1533

Deston, Claude 1522

Docray, Thomas 1523
Prior of the English tongue.

Dundas, George 1524
Commander of Turfichin in Scotland.

†Dingley, Thomas 1531

†Dundas, Alexander 1538

†Dudley, George 1545
Received in the Order at Malta in 1545.

Edward, George 1525

†Eluyn, Edmund 1545
Received in the Order at Malta in 1545.

Fairfax, Nicholas 1522
Commander of Temple Combe.

Fitzmorth, Robert 1527

Fortescue, Adrian 1532
This brave knight perished on the scaffold in
England at the time of the Reformation (vide
"N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 628.); was enrolled among
the Saints; and his portrait, with a sprig of palm
in the hand, as an emblem of his martyrdom, is
now to be seen in one of the chapels of St. John's
Church at this island. The 8th of July is the
day now observed in commemoration of his sufferings,
and of those who suffered with him.

Fortescue, Nicholas 1638
This nobleman, of the same family as the preceding,
was received in the Order on his own urgent
application; and with the hope that, by his
assistance, the English language would be restored.

Golings, Thomas 1520
Commander of Bodisford.

†Gonson, Sir David 1533
The last lieutenant of the Turcopolier at Malta.

†Gerard, Sir Henry 1541

Glene, Lewis 1555

Hyerton, George 1523

Hall, Thomas 1526

†Halison, James 1526

Hussey, Edmund 1528

Hussey, Nicholas 1531

Hill, Edward 1531

†Hornebill, Thomas 1536

Irving, James 1569
Solely by the strenuous exertions of this knight it
was decided, in a general chapter held in 1569,
that the Scotch should enjoy the same dignities
and emoluments which had been previously
granted to the English and Irish knights.

Jones, William 1522

Layton, Ambrose 1527
Commander of Beverly.

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Layton, Cuthbert 1528

Lyndesey, Walter 1532

Lambert, Nicholas 1538

Mobysteyn, John 1526
Capellano, and Chancellor, of the Provincial
Chapter of the English Language.

Massinbert, Oswaldus 1527

Newport, Thomas 1528
Bailiff of Aquila, and Commander of Newland.

Nevil, Richard 1528
Commander of Willington.

Newton, Thomas 1529

Newdegatt, Donston 1536

Ozis, John.
On the 16th of March, 1533, this knight obtained
permission to return to England. Vide fol. 168.

Pole, Alban 1520
Commander of Mount St. John.

Philip, Thomas 1521

Plunket, Nicholas 1527

Pool, George 1531

Pool, Henry 1531

Pemperton, Thomas 1533
Commander of Mount St. John.

Ransom, John (Senior) 1521
Prior of Ireland.

Roberts, Nicholas 1522

Roche, Edward 1527

Ransom, William 1527

†Roger, Anthony 1533

†Ransom, John (Junior) 1533
Turcopolier.

†Russell, Philip 1536

†Russell, Anthony 1537

†Russell, Egidius 1554
Governor of the city, and Captain of the forces.

Sheffield, Thomas 1521
Commander of Beverly.

Sand, George 1528

†Sandiland, James 1530

Sutton, John 1530

Salisbury, William 1537

†Starkey, Oliver 1555
Confidential secretary of La Valetta, and buried
in St. John's Church, at the foot of his tomb.

†Shelley, Sir Richard 1566
Prior of England, and last Turcopolier of his
language. On the 25th of June, 1567, Sir Richard
obtained permission to dispose of his property as
he wished.

†Shelley, James 1566

†Shelley, John 1582

†Stuart, Fitzjames 1689
A natural son of James II. A letter is now
existing in which this monarch requested the
Grand Master to receive his son as Grand Prior
of the English language, if it should be agreeable
to the will of the Pope. It may be noted that the
Germans were the only knights in the Convent
who would never admit a natural son of a noble
or monarch among them.

Theril, William 1533

Tyrell, William 1535

Urton, George 1523

Upton, Nicholas 1536
Turcopolier, and greatly distinguished in July,
1551, when, at the head of thirty knights and
four hundred mounted volunteers, he very gallantly
repulsed Dragut's attack on the island.
Returning to the convent he died of his wounds.
On the 20th of June, 1565, Dragut fell mortally
wounded in the famous siege of Malta, and the
point where he was killed still bears his name.
His scimetar is now to be seen in the Maltese
armoury.

Wagor, John 1523

Weston, Sir William 1525
A brief historical description of Sir William
Weston's sufferings, decease, and burial will
be found in the second volume of Sutherland's
Knights of Malta, p. 115., which appears to be a
correct translation from Vertot's History of the
Order.--Vide "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 629.; and
Vertot, lib. 10.

Wyhtt, Sir Rowland 1528

West, Clement 1532
This knight was a Turcopolier, and never placed
his signature to a document without writing
immediately above it "As God wills."

Wise, Andrew 1593
Nominally Prior of England in 1598. Being reduced
to the greatest extremity, the Roman Pontiff
decreed that the language of Castile and Leon
should allow him out of its revenue a thousand
ducats a-year. The Spanish knights objecting to
pay this sum, there was a trial before the Grand
Master to enforce it; a report of which is now in
the Record Office. The Pope's decree was confirmed.

{193}

In looking through the records of the "English tongue," I have met with the name of only one lady, Catherine Burchier, who was prioress of Buckland in 1524. Any information respecting her history, or that of the knights whose names are recorded in the above list, will be most acceptable.

WILLIAM WINTHROP.

La Valetta, Malta.

[Footnote 1: The language to which Boisgelin refers, was that
of England. A few years after the Reformation, and in 1545, the
council decreed that it was no longer required for those who
joined the English tongue to be noblemen. Vide fol. 35.]

* * * * *

DUPORT'S LINES TO IZAAK WALTON.

Sometime since I met with the following epigrams of the learned scholar, divine, and loyalist James Duport, written on the fly-leaf of a copy of his _Musæ Subsecivæ, seu Poetica Stromata_, presented by him to Izaak Walton. I presume that they have never been printed, and that they were written in Duport's own hand. If so, they may be thought worthy of a place in the columns of "N. & Q." They will be read with some interest by those who respect Duport, and love the memory of good old Izaak Walton. I may add, that the autograph of I. W. is in the book, thus:

"IZAAK WALTON,
Given by the Author,
3ᴰ May, 1679."

W. H. G.

Winchester.

"Ad virum optimum mihique amicissimum Isaacum Waltonum, de libris a se editis, mihique dono missis, nec non de vita Hookeri, Herberti, et aliorum:

Munera magna mihi mittis; nec mittis in hamo
Rex Piscatorum sis licet, atque Pater.
Mutus ego ut piscis semper! nunquamne reponam?
Piscibus immo tuis et tibi mitto Sales:
Sed quid pro vitis Sanctorum? mitto Salutem;
Vita etenim non est vita, Salutis inops.

Tuissimus,

J. D."

"Ad eundem de suâ Episcopi Sandersoni Vitâ.

Quem Juvenis quondam didici, Tutore magistro,
Nunc Sandersonum, te duce, disco Senex.
Macte nove o Plutarche Biographe; dans aliorum
Qui vitas, vitam das simul ipse tibi:
Nempe eris æternum in Scriptis, Waltone, superstes,
Non etenim nôrunt hæc monumenta mori.

J. DUPORT."

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SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

_Zachariah Jackson._--"N. & Q." will not, I am sure, refuse to give his due to Zachariah Jackson, the author of _Shakspeare's Genius Justified_, by showing to how great an extent the conjectures of Jackson had, by _thirty-four_ years, anticipated the _Notes and Emendations_. I subjoin a list of the old corrector's emendations, which are also found in Jackson's work:

Besides these nine verbatim coincidences, the following four are very approximate.

_Taming of the Shrew_, Induction, Sc. 2:

Folios.--"And when he says he is, say that he dreams."

Collier MS.--"When he says _what_ he is, say that he
dreams."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 142.

Jackson.--"And what he says he is, say that he
dreams."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 114.

_Taming of the Shrew_, Act II. Sc. 1.:

Folios.--"No such jade, _Sir_, as you, if me you mean."

Collier MS.--"No such jade _to bear_ you, if me you
mean."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 147.

Jackson.--"No such jade as you,--_bear!_ if me you
mean."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 119.

_1 Henry VI._, Act V. Sc. 3.:

Folios.--"Confounds the tongue, and makes the senses _rough_."

Collier MS.--"Confounds the tongue, and _mocks_ the _sense of
touch_."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 276.

Jackson.--"Confounds the tongue, and makes the senses
_touch_."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 233.

_Cymbeline_, Act III. Sc. 4.:

Folios.-- ... "Some jay of Italy, _Whose mother was her_
painting, hath betray'd him."

Collier MS.--"Who _smothers her with painting_, hath betray'd
him."--_Notes and Emendations_, p. 495.

Jackson.--"Who _smoother_ was: her painting hath betray'd
him."--_Restorations and Illustrations_, p. 375.

Besides these four emendations, which at any rate are very suggestive of those in Mr. Collier's folio, I beg to call attention to Jackson's defence of Theobald's (and his own) proposition to read _untread_ for _unthread_, in _King John_, Act V. Sc. 4., which is strikingly like Mr. Collier's defence of the same reading in the margin of the Folio 1632. {194} The whole of Jackson's notes on _King John_ are well worth reading. I beg to mention two of these, as illustrations of old Jackson's acuteness, when not under the warping influence of the _cacoëthes emendandi_. His defence of _untrimmed bride_, in Act II. Sc. 1., is most convincing. He says,--

"Constance stimulates [Lewis] to stand fast to his purpose,
and not to let the devil tempt him, in the likeness of an
_untrimmed_ bride, to waver in his determination; for that the
influence of the Holy See would strip King John of his present
royalty. Where then would be the great dowry Lewis was to
receive with his wife? At present he has only the _promise_ of
five provinces, and 30,000 marks of English coin; therefore as
the dowry has not been paid, Blanche is still an _untrimmed_
bride."--_Recollections and Illustrations_, p. 179.

His note on the use of _invisible_, in Act V. Sc. 7., is also excellent:

"Death having prayed upon the reduced body of the king, quits
it, and now _invisible_, has laid siege to the mind."

I have elsewhere stated my opinion that "all Jackson's emendations are bad." I should have added that some few are very plausible and specious, and worthy of consideration. I will mention one in _King John_, Act IV. Sc. 2. Pembroke says,--

"If, what _in rest_ you have, in right you hold," &c.

Now, _rest_ and _right_ are no antithesis, nor are they allied in meaning. Jackson inserts a _t'_ between _in_ and _rest_--

"If, what _int'rest_ you have in right you hold," &c.--

which he supports by admirable parallels from the same play. I will cite one more example of Jackson's sagacity, from his notes on _1 Henry IV._,

Comments

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