Chapter I: Front Matter (1)

Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.

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NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

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No. 213.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 26. 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.

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CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page

The State Prison in the Tower, by William Sidney
Gibson 509
Inedited Letter from Henry VIII. of England to
James V. of Scotland, by Thos. Nimmo 510
Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, by
Bolton Corney 511

FOLK LORE:--Derbyshire Folk Lore--Weather Superstitions
--Weather Rhymes, &c.--Folk Lore in
Cambridgeshire 512
Rapping no Novelty, by D. Jardine 512

MINOR NOTES:--Bond a Poet--The late Harvest
--Misquotation--Epitaph in Ireland--Reynolds
(Sir Joshua's) Baptism--Tradescant 513

QUERIES:--

Grammar in relation to Logic, by C. Mansfield Ingleby 514
The Coronet [Crown] of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince
of Wales 514

MINOR QUERIES:--Monumental Brass at Wanlip,
co. Leicester, and Sepulchral Inscriptions in English
--Influence of Politics on Fashion--Rev. W. Rondall
--Henry, third Earl of Northumberland--"When we
survey," &c.--Turnbull's Continuation of Robertson
--An Heraldic Query--Osborn filius Herfasti--
Jews in China--Derivation of "Mammet"--Non-recurring
Diseases--Warville--Dr. Doddridge--
Pelasgi--Huc's Travels--The Mousehunt--Lockwood,
the Court Jester--Right of redeeming Property 515

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dictionary of Zingari
--Sir Robert Coke--Regium Donum--Who
was the Author of "Jerningham" and "Doveton?"
--Alma Mater 517

REPLIES:--

Alexander Clark 517
Amcotts Pedigree, by W. S. Hesleden 518
Sir Ralph Winwood, by the Rev. W. Sneyd 519
Trench on Proverbs, by the Rev. M. Margollouth, &c. 519
On Palindromes, by Charles Reed, &c. 520

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Claymore--
Temple Lands in Scotland--Lewis and Sewell
Families--Pharaoh's Ring--"Could we with ink,"
&c.--"Populus vult decipi"--Red Hair--"Land
of Green Ginger"--"I put a spoke in his wheel"
--Pagoda--Passage in Virgil--To speak in Lute-string
--Dog Latin--Longevity--Definition of a
Proverb--Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant--Ennui
--Belle Sauvage--History of York--Encore--
"Hauling over the Coals"--The Words "Cash"
and "Mob"--Ampers and--The Keate Family, of
the Hoo, Herts--Hour-glasses--Marriage of Cousins
--Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--Marriage Service--
Hoby, Family of--Cambridge Graduates--"I own
I like not," &c.--"Topsy Turvy"--"When the
Maggot bites," &c. 520

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 527
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 528
Notices to Correspondents 528
Advertisements 528

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Notes.

THE STATE PRISON IN THE TOWER.

A paragraph has lately gone the round of the newspapers, in which, after mentioning the alterations recently made in the Beauchamp Tower and the opening of its "written walls" to public inspection, it is stated that this Tower was formerly the place of confinement for state prisoners, and that "Sir William Wallace and Queen Anne Boleyn" were amongst its inmates.

Now, I believe there is no historical authority for saying that "the Scottish hero" was ever confined in the Tower of London; and it seems certain that the unfortunate queen was a prisoner in the royal apartments, which were in a different part of the fortress. But so many illustrious persons are known to have been confined in the Beauchamp Tower, and its walls preserve so many curious inscriptions--the undoubted autographs of many of its unfortunate tenants--that it must always possess great interest.

Speaking from memory, I cannot say whether the building known as the Beauchamp (or Wakefield) Tower was even in existence in the time of Edward I.; but my impression is, that its architecture is not of so early a time. It is, I believe, supposed to derive its name from the confinement in it of Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in 1397. Of course it was not the only place of durance of state prisoners, but it was the prison of most of the victims of Tudor cruelty who were confined in the Tower of London; and the walls of the principal chamber which is on the first storey, and was, until lately, used as a mess-room for the officers, are covered in some parts with those curious inscriptions by prisoners which were first described in a paper read before the Society of Antiquaries in 1796, by the Rev. J. Brand, and published in the thirteenth volume of _The Archæologia_.

Mr. P. Cunningham, in his excellent _Handbook_, says:

"William Wallace was lodged as a prisoner on his first arrival in
London in the house of William de Leyre, a citizen, in the parish of
All Hallows Staining, at the end of Fenchurch Street."

{510}

Mr. Cunningham, in his notice of the Tower, mentions Wallace first among the eminent persons who have been confined there. The popular accounts of the Tower do the like. It was about the Feast of the Assumption (Aug. 15) that Wallace was taken and conducted to London; and it seems clear that he was forthwith imprisoned in the citizen's house:

"He was lodged," says Stow, "in the house of William Delect, a citizen
of London, in Fenchurch Street. On the morrow, being the eve of St.
Bartholomew (23rd Aug.), he was brought on horseback to Westminster ...
the mayor, sheriffs, and aldermen of London accompanying him; and in
the Great Hall at Westminster ... being impeached," &c.

The authorities cited are, Adam Merimuth and Thomas de La More. His arraignment and condemnation on the Vigil of St. Bartholomew are also mentioned by Matthew Westminster, p. 451. Neither these historians, or Stow or Holinshed, afford any farther information. The latter chronicler says that Wallace was "condemned, and thereupon hanged" (_Chron._, fol., 1586, vol. ii. p. 313.). He was executed at Smithfield; and it is not improbable that, if, after his condemnation, he was taken to any place of safe custody, he was lodged in Newgate. The following entry of the expenses of the sheriffs attending his execution is on the Chancellor's Roll of 33 Edw. I. in the British Museum:

"Et in expen[=s] [=t] misis [=f]cis [crossed p] eos[=d] Vice^{tes}
[crossed p] Willo le Walleys Scoto lat^one predone puplico utlagato
inimico et rebellione [Rx] qui in contemptu [Rx] [crossed p] Scociam se
Regem Scocie falso fec[=a]t n[=o]iare [=t] [=t] ministros [Rx] in
[crossed p]t[=i]bus Scocie in[=t]fecit at[crossed q] dux^t excercit[=u]
hostili[=t] contr^a Reg[=e] [crossed p] judici[=u] Cu[=r] [Rx] apud
West[=m] dist^ahendo suspendendo decollando e[=j] viscera concremando
ac e[=j] corpus q^arterando cu[=j] cor[crossed p]is quar[=t]ia ad iiij
majores villas Scocie t^asmittebantur hoc anno.... _£_xj s. xd."

The day of the trial, August 23, is generally given the date of his execution. It therefore appears that the formidable Scot never was a prisoner in the Tower.

The unfortunate Queen Anne Boleyn occupied the royal apartments while she was a prisoner in the Tower. From Speed's narrative, it appears that she continued to occupy them after she was condemned to death. On May 15 (1536) she was (says Stow)

"Arraigned in the Tower on a scaffold made for the purpose in the
King's Hall; and after her condemnation, she was conveyed to ward
again, the Lady Kingston, and the Lady Boloigne her aunt, attending on
her."

On May 19, the unfortunate queen was led forth to "the green by the White Tower" and beheaded.

In the record of her trial before the Duke of Norfolk, Lord High Steward (see _Report of Deputy Keeper of Public Records_), she is ordered to be taken back to "the king's prison within the Tower;" but these are words of form. The oral tradition cannot in this case be relied upon, for it pointed out the Martin Tower as the place of her imprisonment because, as I believe, her name was found rudely inscribed upon the wall. The Beauchamp Tower seems to have been named only because it was the ordinary state prison at the time. The narrative quoted by Speed shows, however, that the place of her imprisonment was the queen's lodging, where the fading honours of royalty still surrounded Anne Boleyn.

WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

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INEDITED LETTER FROM HENRY VIII. OF ENGLAND TO JAMES V. OF SCOTLAND.

I lately transcribed several very interesting original manuscripts, chiefly of the seventeenth century, but some of an earlier date, and now send you a literal specimen of one evidently belonging to the sixteenth century; although, notwithstanding the day of the month is given, the year is not. If you think it worthy of a place in your very excellent publication, you are quite at liberty to make use of it, and I shall be happy to send you some of the others, if you choose to accept them. They chiefly relate to the period when the Duke of Lauderdale was commissioner for Scotch affairs at the English Court; and one appears to be a letter addressed by the members of the Scottish College at Paris to James I. on the death of his mother.

THOS. NIMMO.

Right excellent right high and mighty prince, our most dereste brother
and nephew, we recommende us unto you in our most hertee and affectuous
maner by this berer, your familyar servitor, David Wood. We have not
only receyved your most loving and kinde let^s declaring how moch ye
tendre and regarde the conservation and mayntennance of good amytie
betwene us, roted and grounded as well in proximitie of blood as in the
good offices, actes, and doyngs shewed in our partie, whiche ye to our
greate comforte afferme and confesse to be daylly more and more in your
consideration and remembraunce (but also two caste of fair haukes,
whiche presented in your name and sent by youe we take in most
thankfull parte), and give youe our most hertie thanks for the same,
taking greate comforte and consolacion to perceyve and understande by
your said letters, and the credence comitted to your said familyar
servitor David Wood, which we have redd and considered (and also send
unto youe with these our letters answer unto the same) that ye like a
{511} good and uertuous prince, have somoche to herte and mynde the god
rule and order uppon the borders (with redresse and reformacion of such
attemptats as have been comytted and done in the same), not doubting
but if ye for your partie as we intende for ours (doe effectually
persiste and contynue in so good and uertuose purpose and intente), not
only our realmes and subjectts shall lyue quyetly and peasably without
occasion of breche, but also we their heddes and gouernors shall so
encrease and augment our syncere love and affec[=o]n as shall be to the
indissoluble assurammente of good peace and suretie to the inestimable
benefit, wealth, and comoditie of us our realmes and subjectts
hereafter.

Right excellent right high and mightie prynce, our most derest brother
and nephew, the blessed Trynytie have you in his government.

Given under our signet at Yorke place besides Westminster, the 7th day
of December.

Your lovyng brother and uncle,
HENRY VIII.

[This letter, which is not included in the _State Papers_, "King Henry
VIII.," published by the Record Commissioners, was probably written on
the 7th December, 1524-25, as in the fourth volume of that collection
is a letter from Magnus to Wolsey, in which he says, p. 301.: "Davy
Wood came hoome about the same tyme, and sithenne his hider comming
hath doone, and continually dooth myche good, making honourable reaport
not oonly to the Quenes Grace, but also to all other. He is worthy
thankes and gramerces." This David Wod, or Wood, was a servant of the
queen, Margaret of Scotland.]

* * * * *

HANDBOOK TO THE LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

In the _Report_ of the royal commissioners on the British Museum, printed in 1850, we read--

"We are of opinion that, with reference to such a measure as the one
now suggested [giving information to persons at a distance as to the
existence of works in the library], and to other measures and
regulations generally affecting the use of the library, it is desirable
to prepare and publish a compendious _Guide to the reading-room_, as
described and _suggested_ by lord Seymour at Q. 9521."

The reference is erroneous. At Q. 9521. there is not a word on the subject! At Q. 9522. we read--

"(_Lord Seymour_--to Antonio Panizzi, Esq.) You have heard also _some
witnesses_ state that it would be a great advantage to those who
frequent the reading-room if they had put into their hands some short
printed guide to the reading-room, to tell them what books of reference
there were, and to tell them how they were to proceed to get books, and
other information, from the want of which they state they have been at
a great loss? (_Mr. Panizzi._) I do not believe that it is often the
case that persons are at a loss for want of such a guide, but _it might
be done_," etc.

Now, the suggestion of a _short printed guide to the reading-room_ was evidently considered as of some importance. The principle of SUUM CUIQUE is also of some importance. We observe that lord Seymour the examiner ascribes the suggestion to _some witnesses_--but lord Seymour the reporter claims the credit of it for himself! It is the after-thought of his lordship of which I have to complain.

If we turn to the evidence, it will appear that Mr. Peter Cunningham suggested a printed "catalogue of the books in the reading-room," Q. 4800.--I must now speak of myself. When summoned before the commissioners as a witness, I took with me the printed _Directions respecting the reading-room_ for the express purpose of pointing out their inconsistency and insufficiency, and of advocating the preparation of a guide-book.

I cannot repeat my arguments. It would occupy too much space. I can only refer to the questions 6106-6116. The substance is this:--I contended that every person admitted to the reading-room should be furnished with instructions _how to proceed_--instructions as to the _catalogues which he should consult_--and instructions for _asking for the books_. On that evidence rests my claim to the credit of having suggested a _Guide to the reading-room_. Its validity shall be left to the decision of those who venerate the motto of Tom Hearne--SUUM CUIQUE.

The trustees of the British Museum seem to have paid no attention to the recommendation of the royal commissioners. They issue the same _Directions_ as before. _After_ you have obtained admission to the reading-room, you are furnished with instructions as to the mode of obtaining it!--but you have no guide to the numerous catalogues.

What Mr. Antonio Panizzi, the keeper of the department of printed books, says _might be done_, Mr. Richard Sims, of the department of manuscripts, says _shall be done_. His _Handbook to the library of the British Museum_ is a very comprehensive and instructive volume. It is a triumphant refutation of the opinions of those who, to the vast injury of literature, and serious inconvenience of men of letters, slight common sense and real utility in favour of visionary schemes and pedantic elaboration.

There is no want of precedents for a work of this class, either abroad or at home. As to the public library at Paris--I observe, in my own small collection, an _Essai historique sur la bibliothèque du roi_, par M. le Prince; a _Histoire du cabinet des médailles_, par M. Marion du Mersan; a _Notice des estampes_, par M. Duchesne, &c.

For a precedent at home, I shall refer to the _Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum_. The _first_ edition of that interesting work, with the {512} valued autograph of _G. Shaw_, is now before me. It is dated in 1808. I have also the _sixtieth_ edition, printed in this year. I cannot expect to see a sixtieth edition of the _Handbook_, but it deserves to be placed by the side of the _Synopsis_, and I venture to predict for it a wide circulation.

BOLTON CORNEY.

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FOLK LORE.

_Derbyshire Folk Lore._--Many years ago I learned the following verses in Derbyshire, with reference to magpies:

"One is a sign of sorrow; two are a sign of mirth;
Three are a sign of a wedding; and four a sign of a birth."

The opinion that a swarm of bees settling on a dead tree forebodes a death in the family also prevails in Derbyshire.

In that county also there is an opinion that a dog howling before a house is an indication that some one is dying within the house; and I remember an instance where, as I heard at the time, a dog continued howling in a street in front of a house in which a lady was dying.

It is also a prevalent notion that if the sun shines through the apple-trees on Christmas Day, there will be an abundant crop the following year.

I never heard the croaking of a raven or carrion crow mentioned as an indication of anything, which is very remarkable, as well on account of its ill-omened sound, as because it was so much noticed by the Romans.

S. G. C.

_Weather Superstitions._--If it rains much during the twelve days after Christmas Day, it will be a wet year. So say the country people.

"If there is anything in this, 1853 will be a wet year, for it has rained _every_ day of the twelve." So wrote I under date January 9.

No one, I think, will deny that for once the shaft has hit the mark.

R. C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

_Weather Rhymes, &c._--The following are very common in Northamptonshire:

"Rain before seven,
Fine before eleven."

"Fine on Friday, fine on Sunday.
Wet on Friday, wet on Sunday."

"The wind blows cold
On Burton Hold (Wold).
Can you spell _that_ with four letters?
I can spell _it_ with two."

Burton Hold, or Wold, is near Burton Latimer.

B. H. C.

_Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 382.).--The custom referred to by MR. MIDDLETON, of ringing the church bell early in the morning for the gleaners to repair to the fields, and again in the evening for their return home, is still kept up not only at Hildersham, but also in most of the villages in this neighbourhood. I have heard this "gleaners' bell" several times during this present autumn; the object of course being to give all parties a fair and equal chance. Upon one occasion, where the villages lie rather close together, I heard four of these bells sounding their recall from different church towers; and as I was upon an eminence from whence I could see the different groups wending their way to their respective villages, it formed one of the most striking pastoral pictures I have ever witnessed, such, perhaps, as England alone can furnish.

NORRIS DECK.

Cambridge.

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RAPPING NO NOVELTY.

It may be interesting to the believers in modern miracles to learn that at all events "rapping" is no new thing. I now send you the account of an incident in the sixteenth century, which bears a strong resemblance to some of those veracious narrations which have enlightened mankind in the nineteenth century.

Rushton Hall, near Kettering in Northamptonshire, was long the residence of the ancient and distinguished family of Treshams. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the mansion was occupied by Sir Thomas Tresham, who was a pedant and a fanatic; but who was an important character in his time by reason of his great wealth and powerful connexions. There is a lodge at Rushton, situate about half a mile from the old hall, now in ruins; but covered all over, within and without, with emblems of the Trinity. This lodge is known to have been built by Sir Thomas Tresham; but his precise motive for selecting this mode of illustrating his favourite doctrine was unknown until it appeared from a letter written by himself about the year 1584, and discovered in a bundle of books and papers inclosed, since 1605, in a wall in the old mansion, and brought to light about twenty years ago. The following relation of a "rapping" or "knocking" is extracted from this letter:

"If it be demanded why I labour so much in the Trinity and Passion of
Christ to depaint in this chamber, this is the principal instance
thereof; That at my last being hither committed[1], and I usually
having my servants here allowed me, to read nightly an hour to me after
supper, it fortuned that Fulcis, my then servant, reading in the
_Christian Resolution_, in the treatise of _Proof that there is a God,
&c._, there was upon a wainscot table at that instant three loud knocks
{513} (as if it had been with an iron hammer) given; to the great
amazing of me and my two servants, Fulcis and Nilkton."

D. JARDINE.

[Footnote 1: This refers to his commitments for recusancy, which had been frequent.]

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Bond a Poet, 1642, O.S._--In the _Perfect Diurnall_, March 29, 1642, we have the following curious notice:

"Upon the meeting of the House of Lords, there was complaint made
against one Bond, a poet, for making a scandalous letter in the queen's
name, sent from the Hague to the king at York. The said Bond attended
upon order, and was examined, and found a delinquent; upon which they
voted him to stand in the pillory several market days in the new Palace
(Yard), Westminster, and other places, and committed him to the
Gatehouse, besides a long imprisonment during the pleasure of the
house: and they farther ordered that as many of the said letter as
could be found should be burnt."

His recantation, which he afterwards made, is in the British Museum.

E. G. BALLARD.

_The late Harvest._--In connexion with the present late and disastrous harvest, permit me to contribute a distich current, as an old farmer observed to-day, "when I was a boy:"

"When we carry wheat o' the fourteenth of October,
Then every man goeth home sober."

Meaning that the prospect of the "yield" was not good enough to permit the labourers to get drunk upon it.

R. C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

_Misquotation._--In an article entitled "Popular Ballads of the English Peasantry," a correspondent of "N. & Q." (Vol. v., p. 603.) quotes as "that spirit-stirring stanza of _immortal John_," the lines:

"Jesus, the name high over all," &c.

These lines were not written by _John_, but by _Charles Wesley_. Here is the proof:

1st. A hymn of which the stanza quoted is the first, appears (p. 40.) in the _Collection of Hymns_ published by John Wesley in 1779; but in the preface he says, "but a small part of these hymns are of my own composing."

2nd. In his _Plain Account of Christian Perfection_, he says:

"In the year 1749, my brother printed two volumes of _Hymns and Sacred
Poems_. As I _did not see them_ before they were published, there were
some things in them which I did not approve of; but I quite approved of
the main of the hymns on this head."--_Works_, vol. xi. p. 376., 12mo.
ed. 1841.

3rd. The lines quoted by your correspondent form the ninth stanza of a hymn of twenty-two stanzas (which includes the six in John Wesley's _Collection_), written "after preaching (in a church)," and published in "_Hymns and Sacred Poems_. In two volumes. By Charles Wesley, M.A., Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Bristol: printed and sold by Felix Farley, 1749." A copy is in my possession. The hymn is No. 194.; and the stanza referred to will be found in vol. i. p. 306.

J. W. THOMAS.

Dewsbury.

_Epitaph in Ireland._--The following lines were transcribed by me, and form part of an epitaph upon a tombstone or mural slab, which many years past was to be found in (if I mistake not) the churchyard of Old Kilcullen, co. Kildare:

"Ye wiley youths, as you pass by,
Look on my grave with weeping eye:
Waste not your _strenth_ before it blossom,
For if you do _yous_ will _shurdley_ want it."

J. F. FERGUSON.

Dublin.

_Reynolds (Sir Joshua's) Baptism._--I have been favoured by the incumbent of Plympton S. Maurice with a copy of the following entry in the Register of Baptisms of that parish, together with the appended note; which, if the fact be not generally known, may be of interest to your correspondent A. Z. (Vol. viii., p. 102.) as well as to others among the readers of "N. & Q.":

"1723. Joseph, son of Samuel Reynolds, clerk, baptised July the 30th."

On another page is the following memorandum:

"In the entry of baptisms for the year 1723, the person by mistake
named _Joseph_, son of Samuel Reynolds, clerk, baptized July 30th, was
_Joshua_ Reynolds, the celebrated painter, who died February 23, 1792."

Samuel Reynolds, the father, was master of Plympton Grammar School from about 1715 to 1745, in which year he died. During that period his name appears once in the parish book, in the year 1742, as "minister for the time being" (not incumbent of the parish): the Rev. Geo. Langworthy having been the incumbent from 1736 to 1745, both inclusive.

Query, Was Sir Joshua by mistake _baptized Joseph_? or was the mistake made after baptism, in _registering the name_?

J. SANSOM.

Oxford.

_Tradescant._--The pages of "N. & Q." have elicited and preserved so much towards the history of John Tradescant and his family, that the accompanying extract from the register of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, in the city of London, should have a place in one of its Numbers:

"1638. _Marriages._--John Tradeskant of Lambeth, co. Surrey, and Hester
Pooks of St. Bride's, London, maiden, married, by licence from Mr.
Cooke, Oct. 1."

{514}

This lady erected the original monument in Lambeth churchyard upon the death of her husband in 1662. She died 1678.

G.

* * * * *

Queries.

GRAMMAR IN RELATION TO LOGIC.

Dr. Latham (_Outlines of Logic_, p. 21., 1847, and _English Language_, p. 510., 2nd edition) defines the conjunction to be a part of speech that connects _propositions_, not _words_. His doctrine is so palpably and demonstrably false, that I am somewhat at a loss to understand how a man of his penetration can be so far deceived by a crotchet as to be blind to the host of examples which point to the direct converse of his doctrine. Let the learned Doctor try to resolve the sentence, _All men are either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged_, into three constituent propositions. It cannot be done; _either_ and _or_ are here conjunctions which connect words and not propositions. In the example, _John and James carry a basket_, it is of course quite plain that the _logic_ of the matter is that _John carries one portion of the basket, and James carries the rest_. But to identify these two propositions with the first mentioned, is to confound grammar with logic. The former deals with the method of expression, the latter with the method of stating (in thought) and syllogising. To take another example, _Charles and Thomas stole all the apples_. The fact probably was, that Charles' pockets contained some of the apples, and Thomas' pockets contained all the rest. But the business of grammar in the above sentence is to regulate the _form_ of the expression, not to reason upon the _matter_ expressed. A little thought will soon convince any person accustomed to these subjects that _conjunctions always connect words, not propositions_. The only work in which I leave seen Dr. Latham's fundamental error exposed, is in Boole's _Mathematical Analysis of Logic_; the learned author, though he seems unsettled on many matters of logic and metaphysics, has clearly made up his mind on the point now under discussion. He says:

"The proposition, every animal is _either_ rational _or_ irrational,
cannot be resolved into, _Either_ every animal is rational, _or_ every
animal is irrational. The former belong to pure categoricals, to latter
to hypotheticals [Query _disjunctives_]. In _singular_ propositions
such conversions would seem to be allowable. This animal is _either_
rational _or_ irrational, is equivalent to, _Either_ this animal is
rational, _or_ it is irrational. This peculiarity of _singular_
propositions would almost justify our ranking them, though truly
universals, in a separate class, as Ramus and his followers did."--P.
59.

This certainly seems unanswerable.

If Dr. Latham is a reader of "N. & Q.," I should be glad if he would give his reasons for adhering to his original doctrine in the face of such facts as those I have instanced.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

* * * * *

THE CORONET [CROWN] OF LLEWELYN AP GRIFFITH, PRINCE OF WALES.

A notice, transferred to _The Times_ of the 5th instant from a recent number of _The Builder_, on the shrine of Edward the Confessor, after mentioning that "to this shrine Edward I. offered the Scottish regalia and the coronation chair, which is still preserved," adds, "Alphonso, about 1280, offered it the golden coronet of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, and other jewels."

Who was Alphonso? And would the contributor of the notice favour the readers of "N. & Q." with the authority _in extenso_ for the offering of this coronet?

The period assigned for the offering is certainly too early; Llewelyn ap Griffith, "the last sovereign of one of the most ancient ruling families of Europe" (_Hist. of England_, by Sir James Mackintosh, vol. ii. p. 254.), having been slain at Builth, Dec. 11, 1282. Warrington (_Hist. of. Wales_, vol. ii. p. 271.), on the authority of Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 224., says: "Upon stripping Llewelyn there were found his Privy Seal; a paper that was filled with dark expressions, and a list of names written in a kind of cypher;" omitting, it will be observed, any reference to Llewelyn's coronet. That monarch's crown was probably obtained and transmitted to Edward I. on the capture, June 21, 1283, or shortly after, of his brother David ap Griffith, Lord of Denbigh, who had assumed the Welsh throne on the demise of Llewelyn; the Princess Catherine, the daughter and heir of the latter, and _de jure_ sovereign Princess of Wales, being then an infant. Warrington states (vol. ii. p. 285.) that when David was taken, a relic, highly venerated by the Princes of Wales, was found upon him, called _Crosseneych_, supposed to be a part of the real cross brought by St. Neots into Wales from the Holy Land; and he adds that, besides the above relic, which was voluntarily delivered up to Edward by a secretary of the late Prince of Wales, "the crown of the celebrated King Arthur, with many precious jewels, was about this time presented to Edward," citing as his authorities _Annales Waverleienses_, p. 238.; Rymer's _Foedera_, vol. ii. p. 247.

There are some particulars of these relics in the _Archæologia Cambrensis_; but neither that periodical, nor the authorities referred to by Warrington, are at the moment accessible to me.

CAMBRO-BRITON.

* * * * *

{515}

Minor Queries.

_Monumental Brass at Wanlip, Co. Leicester, and Sepulchral Inscriptions in English._--In the church of Wanlip, near this town, is a fine brass of a knight and his lady, and round the margin the following inscription, divided at the corners of the slab by the Evangelistic symbols:

"Here lyes Thomas Walssh, Knyght, lorde of Anlep, and dame Kat'ine his
Wyfe, whiche in yer tyme made the Kirke of Anlep, and halud the
Kirkyerd first, in Wirchip of God, and of oure lady, and seynt
Nicholas, that God haue yer soules and mercy, Anno Dni mill[=m]o
CCC^{mo} nonagesimo tercio."

Mr. Bloom states, in his _Mon. Arch. of Great Britain_, p. 210., that--

"There are, perhaps, no sepulchral inscriptions in that tongue
(English) _prior to the fifteenth century_; yet at almost the beginning
of it, some are to be met with, and they became more common as the
century drew to a close."

Is there any monumental inscription in English, earlier than the above curious one, known to any of your correspondents?

WILLIAM KELLY.

Leicester.

_Influence of Politics on Fashion._--Can any one of the numerous readers of "N. & Q." explain the meaning of the following passage of the note of p. 305. of Alison's _History of Europe_, 7th edition?--

"A very curious work might be written on the influence of political
events and ideas on the prevailing fashions both for men and women;
there is always a certain analogy between them. Witness the
shepherd-plaid trousers for gentlemen, and coarse shawls and muslins
worn by ladies in Great Britain during the Reform fervour of 1832-4."

HENRI VAN LAUN.

King William's College, Isle of Man.

_Rev. W. Rondall._--Can any of your correspondents give information respecting the Rev. William Rondall, Vicar of Blackhampton, Devonshire (1548), who translated into English a portion of the writings of the learned Erasmus?

HISTORICUS.

_Henry, third Earl of Northumberland._--The above nobleman fell on the battle field of Towton (Yorkshire), 29th March, 1461, and was interred in the church of St. Denys, or Dionisius, in York, where his tomb, denuded of its brass, is still pointed out. Pray does an account exist, in any of our old historians, as to the removal of the body of the above nobleman from that dread field of slaughter to his mansion in Walmgate in the above city, and of his interment, which doubtless was a strictly private one? Again, does any record exist of the latter event in any book of early registers belonging to the above church? Doubtless many readers of "N. & Q." will be able to answer these three Queries.

M. AISLABIE DENHAM.

Piersebridge, Darlington.

_"When we survey," &c._--Where are the following lines to be found?

"When we survey yon circling orbs on high,
Say, do they only grace the spangled sky?
Have they no influence, no function given
To execute the awful will of Heaven?
Is there no sympathy pervading all
Between the planets and this earthly ball?
No tactile intercourse from pole to pole,
Between the ambient and the human soul?
No link extended through the vast profound,
Combining all above, below, around?"

ALLEDIUS.

_Turnbull's Continuation of Robertson._--Some years ago, a continuation of Robertson's work on _Scottish Peerages_ was announced by Mr. Turnbull, Advocate of Edinburgh.--I shall be glad to be informed whether it as published; and by whom or where.

FECIALIS.

_An Heraldic Query._--Will any one of your contributors from Lancashire or Cheshire, who may have access to ancient ordinaries of arms, whether in print or in manuscript, favour me by saying whether he has ever met with the following coat: Per _pale_, argent and sable, a fess embattled, between three falcons counterchanged, belled or? It has been attributed to the family of Thompson of Lancashire, by Captain Booth of Stockport, and an heraldic writer named Saunders; but what authority attaches to either I am not aware. Is it mentioned in Corry's _Lancashire_?

HERALDICUS.

_Osborn filius Herfasti._--Were Osborn, son of Herfast, abbot of S. Evroult, and Osborn de Crepon (filius Herfasti patris Gunnoris comitissæ), _brothers_? or were there two Herfasts?

J. SANSOM.

_Jews in China._--A colony of Jews is known to exist in the centre of China, who worship God according to the belief of their forefathers; and the aborigines of the northern portion of Australia exercise the rite of circumcision. Can these colonists and aborigines be traced to any of the nations of the lost tribes?

HISTORICUS.

_Derivation of "Mammet."_--The Rev. B. Chenevix Trench, in his book on the _Study of Words_, 4th edition, p. 79., gives the derivation of the old English word _mammet_ from "Mammetry or Mahometry," and cites, in proof of this, Capulet calling his daughter "a whining _mammet_." Now Johnson, {516} in his _Dictionary_, the folio edition, derives _mammet_ from the word _maman_, and also from the word _man_; and mentions Shakspeare's

"This is no world to play with _mammets_, or to tilt with
lips."--_Henry IV._ (First Part), Act II. Sc. 3.

As both Dr. Johnson, the Rev. Ch. Trench, and many others, agree that _mammet_ means "puppet," why not derive this word from the French _marmot_, which means a puppet.--Can any of the readers of the "N. & Q." give me a few examples to strengthen my supposition?

HENRI VAN LAUN.

King William's College, Isle of Man.

_Non-recurring Diseases._--Among the many diseases to which humanity is subject, there are some which we are all supposed to have once, and but once, in our lifetime. Is this an unquestioned fact? and if so, has anything like a satisfactory explanation of it been offered?

[Hebrew: P].

_Warville._--There being no _w_ in the French language, whence did Brissot de Warville derive the latter word of his name?

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Dr. Doddridge._--A poem entitled "To my Wife's Bosom," and beginning

"Open, open, lovely breast,
Let me languish into rest!"

occasionally appears with the name of the Rev. Dr. Doddridge as the author. Is it his?

M. E.

Philadelphia.

_Pelasgi._--In an article which appeared some time ago in Hogg's _Instructor_, Thomas de Quincey, speaking of the Pelasgi, characterises them as a race sorrowful beyond conception.--What is known of their history to lead to this inference?

T. D. RIDLEY.

West Hartlepool.

_Huc's Travels._--I was lately told, I think on the authority of a writer in the _Gardener's Chronicle_, that the travels of Messrs. Huc and Gabet in Thibet, Tartary, &c., was a pure fabrication, concocted by some Parisian _littérateur_. Can any of your readers confirm or refute this statement?

C. W. B.

_The Mousehunt._--I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." who would refer me to any mention of in print, or give me any information from his own personal experience, respecting a small animal of the weasel tribe called the mousehunt, an animal apparently but little known; it is scarcely half the size of the common weasel, and of a pale mouse-colour. It is said to be well known in Suffolk, whence, however, after some trouble, I have been unsuccessful in obtaining a specimen; young stoats or weasels having been sent me instead of it. I could not find a specimen in the British Museum. Some years ago I saw two in Glamorganshire; one escaped me; the other had been killed by a ferret, but unfortunately I neglected to preserve it. Near the same spot last year a pair of them began making their nest, but being disturbed by some workmen employed in clearing out the drain in which they had ensconced themselves, were lost sight of and escaped.

Mr. Colquhoun, in _The Moor and the Loch_, ed. 1851, says:

"The English peasantry assert that there are two kinds of weasel, one
very small, called a 'cane,' or 'the mousekiller.' This idea, I have no
doubt, is erroneous, and the 'mousekillers' are only the young ones of
the year, numbers of these half-grown weasels appearing in summer and
autumn."

The only description I have met with in print is in _Bell's Life_ of Dec. 7, 1851, where "Scrutator," in No. 15. of his Letters "On the Management of Horses, Hounds, &c.," writes:

"I know only of one species of stoat, but I have certainly seen more
than one species of weasel.... There is one species of weasel so small
that it can easily follow mice into their holes; and one of these, not
a month ago, I watched go into a mouse's hole in an open grass field.
Seeing something hopping along in the grass, which I took for a large
long-tailed field mouse, I stood still as it was approaching my
position, and when within a foot or two of the spot on which I was
standing, so that I could have a full view of the animal, a very small
weasel appeared, and quickly disappeared again in a tuft of grass. On
searching the spot I discovered a mousehole, in which Mr. Weasel had
made his exit."

W. R. D. SALMON.

_Lockwood, the Court Jester._--In some _MS._ accounts temp. Edw. VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, now before me, payments to "Lockwood, the king's jester," or "the queen's jester, whose name is Lockwood," are of almost annual occurrence. He appears to have travelled about the country like the companies of itinerant players.

Are any particulars known respecting him, and where shall I find the best account of the ancient court jesters? I am aware of Douce's work, and the memoirs of Will. Somers, the fool of Henry VIII.

WILLIAM KELLY.

Leicester.

_Right of redeeming Property._--In some country or district which I have formerly visited, there exists, or did recently exist, a right of redeeming property which had passed from its owner's hands, somewhat similar to that prescribed to the Jews in Leviticus xxvi. 25. &c., and analogous to the custom in Brittany, with which Sterne's beautiful story has made us {517} familiar. Can you help me to remember where it is?

C. W. B.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Dictionary of Zingari._--Can you direct me to a glossary or dictionary of this language? I have seen Borrow's _Lavengro_, and am not aware whether either of his other works contains anything of the sort. I should imagine it cannot be a perfect language, since the Rommanies located in our locality invariably use the English articles and pronouns; but knowing nothing more of it than what I glean from casual intercourse, I am unable to decide to my own satisfaction.

R. C. WARDE.

Kidderminster.

[A dictionary of the Zincali will be found in the first three editions
of the following work: _The Zincali; or, an Account of the Gypsies of
Spain_; with an original Collection of their Songs and Poetry, and a
copious Dictionary of their Language. By George Borrow, 2 vols., 1841.
This dictionary is omitted in the fourth edition of 1846; but some
"Specimens of Gypsy dialects" are added. Our correspondent may also be
referred to the two following works, which appear in the current number
of Quarritch's Catalogue: "Pott, Die Zigeuner in Europa und Asien, vol.
i. Einleitung und Grammatik, ii. Ueber Gaunersprachen, Wörterbuch and
Sprachproben, 2 vols. 8vo. sewed, 15s. Halle, 1844-45." "Rotwellsche
Grammatik oder Sprachkunst; Wörterbuch der Zigeuner-Sprache, 2 parts in
1, 12mo. half-bound morocco, 7s. 6d. Frankfurt, 1755."]

_Sir Robert Coke._--Of what family was Sir Robert Coke, referred to in _Granger_, vol. iii. p. 212., ed. 1779, as having collected a valuable library bestowed by George, first Earl of Berkeley, on Sion College, London, the letter of thanks for which is in Collins?

T. P. L.

Manchester.

[Sir Robert Coke was son and heir to Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief
Justice of the Kings Bench. The Cokes had been settled for many
generations in the county of Norfolk. Camden has traced the pedigree of
the family to William Coke of Doddington in Norfolk, in the reign of
King John. They had risen to considerable distinction under Edward
III., when Sir Thomas Coke was made Seneschal of Gascoigne. From him,
in the right male line, was descended Robert Coke, the father of Sir
Edward. See Campbell's _Lives of Chief Justices_, vol. i. p. 240.]

_Regium Donum._--What is the origin and history of the "Regium Donum?"

HENRI VAN LAUN.

King William's College, Isle of Man.

[In the year 1672, Charles II. gave to Sir Arthur Forbes the sum of
600l., to be applied to the use of the Presbyterian ministers in
Ireland. He professed not to know how to bestow it in a better manner,
as he had learnt that these ministers had been loyal, and had even
suffered on his account; and as that sum remained undisposed of in "the
settlement of the revenue of Ireland," he gave it in his charity to
them. This was the origin of the _Regum donum_. As the dissenters
approved themselves strong friends to the House of Brunswick, George
I., in 1723, wished too to reward them for their loyalty, and, by a
retaining fee, preserve them stedfast. A considerable sum, therefore,
was annually lodged with the heads of the Presbyterians, Independents,
and Baptists, to be distributed among the necessitous ministers of
their congregations.]

_Who was the Author of "Jerningham" and "Doveton?"_ (Vol. viii., p. 127.).--MR. ANSTRUTHER begs to decline the compliment; perhaps the publisher of the admirable _History of the War in Affghanistan_ can find a head to fit the cap.

Oswestry.

[On a reference to our note-book, we find our authority for attributing
the authorship of these works to Mr. Anstruther is the _Gentleman's
Magazine_ for September, 1837, p. 283. In the review of _Doveton_ the
writer says, "There is in it a good deal to amuse, and something to
instruct, but the whole narrative of _Mr. Anstruther_ is too
melodramatic," &c. However, as he declines the compliment, perhaps some
of our readers will be able to find the right head to fit the cap.]

_Alma Mater._--In Ainsworth's _Latin Dictionary_ I observed he limits the use of that expression to Cambridge. I have been accustomed to see it used for Oxford, or any other university. What is his reason for applying it to Cambridge alone?

MA. L.

[Bailey, too, in his _Dictionary_, applies the epithet exclusively to
Cambridge, _Alma mater Cantabrigia_: so that it seems to have
originated with that university. It is now popularly applied to Oxford,
and other universities, by those who have imbibed the milk of learning
from these places. The epithet has lately been transplanted to the
United States of America.]

* * * * *

Replies.

ALEXANDER CLARK.

(Vol. viii., p. 18.)

In communicating a few particulars about Alexander Clark, I must disappoint your correspondent PERTHENSIS; _my_ subject answering in no respect to Peter Buchan's "drucken dominie," the author of the _Buttery College_. Alexander Clark, who has fallen in my way, belongs to the class of "amiable enthusiasts;" a character I am somewhat fond of, believing that in any pursuit a dash of the latter quality is essential to success.

Clark was by profession a gardener; and as my friends in the north always seek to localise their worthies, I venture to assign him to Annandale. My first acquaintance with him arose from his {518} _Emblematical Representation_ falling into my hands; and, pursuing my inquiries, I found this was but one of some half-dozen visionary works from the same pen. In his _View of the Glory of the Messiah's Kingdom_, we have the origin of his taking upon himself the prophetic character; it is entitled:

"A Brief Account of an Extraordinary Revelation, and other Things
Remarkable, in the Course of God's Dealings with Alexander Clark,
Gardener at Dumcrief, near Moffat, Anandale, in the Year 1749."

"In the month of August, 1749," says he, "at a certain time when the
Lord was pleased to chastise me greatly in a bed of affliction, and in
the midst of my great trial, it pleased the Almighty God wonderfully to
surprise me with a glorious light round about me; and looking up, I saw
straight before me a glorious building in the air, as bright and clear
as the sun: it was so vastly great, so amiable to behold, so full of
majesty and glory, that it filled my heart with wonder and admiration.
The place where this sight appeared to me was just over the city of
Edinburgh; at the same instant I heard, as it were, the musick bells of
the said city ring for joy."

From this period, Clark's character became tinged with that enthusiasm which ended in his belief that he was inspired; and that in publishing his--

"Signs of the Times: showing by many infallible Testimonies and Proofs
out of the Holy Scripture, that an extraordinary Change is at Hand,
even at the very Door,"--

he was merely "emitting what he derived directly, by special favour, from God!"

"The Spirit of God," he says on another occasion, "was so sensibly
poured out upon me, and to such a degree, that I was thereby made to
see things done in secret, and came to find things lost, and knew where
to go to find those things which were lost!"

This _second sight_, if I may so call it, set our author upon drawing aside the veil from the prophetic writings; and his view of their mystical sense is diffused over the indigested and rambling works bearing the following titles:

"A View of the Glory of the Messiah's Kingdom." 1763.

"Remarks upon the Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecy."

"A Practical Treatise on Regeneration." 1764.

"The Mystery of God opened," &c. Edinburgh. 1768.

"An Emblematical Representation of the Paradise of God, showing the
Nature of Spiritual Industry in the Similitude of a Garden, well
ordered, dressed, and kept, with Sundry Reflections on the Nature of
Divine Knowledge, 1779."

In his _Address to the Friendly Society of Gardeners_, Clark gives some account of his worldly condition; of his early training in religious habits; his laborious and industrious devotion to his profession, with which he seems to have been greatly enamoured, although poorly paid, and often in straits. Subsequently to the great event of his life--his vision--our subject appears to have come south, and to have been in the employment of Lord Charles Spencer at Hanworth in Middlesex. Like most of the prophets of his day, Clark was haunted with the belief that the last day was approaching; and considering himself called upon to announce to his acquaintance and neighbours that this "terrible judgment of God was at hand," he got but contempt and ridicule for his pains:--more than that, indeed, for those raising the cry that he was a madman, they procured the poor man's expulsion from his situation. Under all these discouraging circumstances, he maintained his firm conviction of the approaching end of time: so strongly was his mind bent in this direction, that "I opened the window of the house where I then was," says he, "thinking to see Christ coming in the clouds!"

"I was three days and three nights that I could not eat, drink, nor
sleep; and when I would close my eyes, I felt something always touching
me; at length I heard a voice sounding in mine ears, saying 'Sleep not,
lest thou sleep the sleep of death:' and at that I looked for my Bible,
and at the first opening of it I read these words, which were sent with
power, 'To him that overcometh,'" &c.

Poor Clark, like his prototype Thomas Newans, laboured hard to obtain the sanction of the hierarchy to his predictions:

"I desire no man," he says, "to believe me without proof; and if the
Reverend the Clergy would think this worth their perusal, I would very
willingly hear what they had to say either for or against."

The orthodoxy of the "Reverend the Clergy" was not, however, to be moved; and Alexander Clark and his books now but serve the end of pointing a moral. With more real humility and less presumption, there was much that was good about him; but letting his heated fancies get the better of the little judgment he possessed, our _amiable enthusiast_ became rather a stumbling-block than light to his generation.

J. O.

* * * * *

AMCOTTS PEDIGREE.

(Vol. viii., p. 387.)

Although I may not be able to furnish your inquirer with full pedigree of this family, my Notes may prove useful in making it out.

From a settlement after marriage in 1663, of Vincent Amcotts of Laughton, in the county of Lincoln, gentleman, I find his wife's name to be Amy; but who she was is not disclosed. It appears she survived her husband, and was his {519} widow and relict and executrix living in 1687. Their eldest daughter Elizabeth married John Sheffield, Esq., of Croxby, and I have noted three children of theirs, viz. Vincent, who died s.p.; Christopher, who, with Margaret, his wife, in 1676 sold the Croxby estate; and Sarah. What farther as to this branch does not appear, although my next Vincent Amcotts may be, and probably was, a descendant. This Vincent Amcotts was of Harrington, in the county of Lincoln, Esq.; and who, from his marriage settlement dated May 16 and 17, 1720, married Elizabeth, the third of the four daughters of John Quincy of Aslackby, in the county of Lincoln, gentleman: and I find the issue of this marriage to be Charles Amcotts of Kettlethorpe, in the county of Lincoln, Esq., who died in 1777 s.p.; Anna Maria, whom married Wharton Emerson; Elizabeth, who died previous to her brother Charles; and Frances, who married the Rev. Edward Buckworth of Washingborough, in the county of Lincoln, Clerk, Doctor of Laws.

After the death of Charles Amcotts, we find Wharton Emerson at Kettlethorpe, having assumed the name of Amcotts: he was created a baronet in 1796, the title being limited in remainder to the eldest son of his daughter Elizabeth. Sir Wharton Amcotts married a second wife, Amelia Campbell, by whom he had a daughter, but what became of her does not appear. Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Sir Wharton Amcotts by his first wife Anna Maria Amcotts, married in 1780 John Ingilby, Esq., of Ripley, who in the next year was created a baronet: and they appear to have had eleven children, viz. John Charles Amcotts, the present Sir William Amcotts Ingelby, in whom both titles are vested, Elizabeth, Augusta, Anna Maria, and Ann; which last three died in infancy; Diana, Vincent Bosville, who died at a year old, and Julia and Constance. Thus far my Notes extend.

W. S. HESLEDEN.

Barton-upon-Humber.

* * * * *

SIR RALPH WINWOOD.

(Vol. viii., p. 272.)

I have an original letter of Sir Ralph Winwood's in French, addressed "A Monsieur Mons^r Charles Huyghens, Secrétaire du Conseil d'estat de Mess^{rs} les Estats à la Haye," which, as it may possibly be interesting to your correspondent H. P. W. R., I here transcribe: