Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854

Chapter I: Front Matter

Text size

Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text.

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NOTES AND QUERIES:

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CONTENTS.

Page

Where are the Wills to be deposited? 215

NOTES:--

"J. R. of Cork" 217

Marmortinto, or Sand-painting 217

The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broadside
of the Year 1642 218

Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers 218

MINOR NOTES:--Materials for a History of Druidism--Domestic
Chapels--Ordinary--Thom's Irish Almanac and Official
Directory for 1854--Antiquity of the Word "Snub"--Charles
I. at Little Woolford--Coincidence between Sir Thomas
Browne and Bishop Ken--The English School of Painting--"A
Feather in your Cap" 219

QUERIES:--

Domestic Architecture: Licences to
Crenellate, by J. H. Parker 220

Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P. 221

MINOR QUERIES:--Atherstone Family--Classic Authors and the
Jews--Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy
--The Title of "Dominus"--The De Rous Family--Where was
the Fee of S. Sanxon?--Russian Emperors--Episcopal Insignia
of the Eastern Church--Amontillado Sherry--Col. Michael
Smith's Family--Pronunciation of Foreign Names--Artesian
Wells--Norman Towers in London--Papyrus--Mathew, a Cornish
Family 221

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bunyan's Descendants--Epigram
on Dennis--Football played on Shrove Tuesday--Vossioner,
its Meaning--The Game of Chess--A Juniper Letter 223

REPLIES:--

Clarence 224

Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes 225

Three Fleurs-de-Lys 225

Books burned by the Common Hangman, by C. H. Cooper, &c. 226

Different Productions of different Carcases 227

Vandyke in America, by J. Balch 228

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Cyanide of Potassium--Mode
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Purity of Photographic Chemicals--Hyposulphite of Soda
Baths 230

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Names--The Young Pretender--A Legend of the Hive--Hoby
Family--Anticipatory Use of the Cross--Longevity--"Nugget"
--The fifth Lord Byron--Wapple, or Whapple-way--The
Ducking-stool--Double Christian Names--Pedigree to the
Time of Alfred--Palace of Lucifer--Monaldeschi--Anna
Lightfoot--Lode, &c. 230

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 234

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 234

Notices to Correspondents 235

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WHERE ARE THE WILLS TO BE DEPOSITED?

The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and historical inquiries, by the peculiar constitution of the Prerogative Office, Doctors' Commons, have long been a subject of just complaint. An attempt was made by THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, in 1848, to procure their removal, by a Memorial addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which we now print, because it sets forth, plainly and distinctly, the nature and extent of those difficulties.

"To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.

"The humble Memorial of the President and Council of the Camden
Society, respectfully showeth,

"That the Camden Society was instituted in the year 1838, for the
publication of early historical and literary remains.

"It has the honour to be patronised by H.R.H. the Prince Albert; and
has supported, from its institution, by the countenance and
subscription of your Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.

"The Society has published forty volumes of works relating to English
History, and continues to be actively engaged in researches connected
with the same important branch of literature.

"In the course of its proceedings, the Society has had brought under
its notice the manner in which the regulations of the Prerogative
Office in Doctors' Commons interfere with the accuracy and completeness
of works in the preparation of which the Council is now engaged, and
with the pursuits and labours of all other historical inquirers; and
they beg leave respectfully to submit to your Grace the results of
certain investigations which they have made upon the subject.

"Besides the original wills deposited in the Office of the Prerogative
Court, there is kept in the same repository a long series of register
books, containing copies of wills entered chronologically from A.D.
1383 to the present time. These registers or books of entry fall
practically into two different divisions or classes. The earlier and
the latter books contain information suited to the wants of totally
different kinds of persons, and applicable to entirely different
purposes. Their custody is also of very different importance to the
office. The class which is first both in number of books and in
importance contains entries of modern wills. These are daily consulted
by relatives of testators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for
legal purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees paid
for searches, inspections, and copies. The second class, which
comprises a comparatively small number of volumes, contains entries of
ancient wills, dated before the period during which wills are now
useful for legal purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers or
claimants, nor do they yield any revenue to the office, save an
occasional small receipt from the Camden Society, or from some similar
body, or private literary inquirer.

"With respect to the original wills, and the entries of modern wills,
your memorialists beg to express clearly that this application is not
designed to have any reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those ancient wills
which have long and unquestionably ceased to be useful for legal
purposes.

"These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest importance to
historical inquirers. They abound with illustrations of manners and
customs; they exhibit in the most authentic way the state of religion,
the condition of the various classes of the people, and of society in
general; they are invaluable to the lexicographer, the genealogist, the
topographer, the biographer,--to historical writers of every order and
kind. They constitute the most important depository in existence of
exact information relating to events and persons of the period to which
they relate.

"But all this information is unavailable in consequence of the
regulations of the office in which the wills are kept. All the books of
entry, both of ancient and modern wills, are kept together, and can
only be consulted in the same department of the same office, in the
same manner and subject to precisely the same restrictions and the same
payments. No distinction is made between the fees to be paid by a
literary person who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps
three or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a fact, a name, a
date, or to establish the proper place of a descent in a pedigree, or
the exact meaning of a doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the
person who wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence of a
right to property perhaps to be established in a court of justice. No
extract is allowed to be made, not even of a word or a date, except the
names of the executors and the date of the will. Printed statements in
historical books, which refer to wills, may not be compared with the
wills as entered; even ancient copies of wills handed down for many
generations in the families of the testators, may not be examined in
the registered wills without paying the office for making new and
entire copies.

"No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers from the British
Museum, where there are papers equally valuable. The Public Record
Offices are all open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
The Secretary of State for the Home Department grants permission of
access to her Majesty's State Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor
gave the Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
Lambeth--documents exactly similar to those at Doctors' Commons. The
Prerogative Office is, probably, the only public office in the kingdom
which is shut against literary inquirers.

"The results of such regulations are obvious. The ancient wills at
Doctors' Commons not being accessible to those to whom alone they are
useful, yield scarcely any fees to the office; historical inquirers are
discouraged; errors remain uncorrected; statements of facts in
historical works are obliged to be left uncertain and incomplete; the
researches of the Camden Society and other similar societies are
thwarted; and all historical inquirers regard the condition of the
Prerogative Office as a great literary grievance.

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"The President and Council of the Camden Society respectfully submit
these circumstances to your Grace with a full persuasion that nothing
which relates to the welfare of English historical literature can be
uninteresting either to your Grace personally, or to the Church over
which you preside; and they humbly pray your Grace that such changes
may be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may
assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as
regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient wills, or that
such other remedy may be applied to the inconveniences now stated as to
your Grace may seem fit.

"(Signed) BRAYBROOKE, President.
THOMAS AMYOT, Director.
HENRY ELLIS.
J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
HARRY VERNEY.
H. H. MILMAN.
JOSEPH HUNTER.
WILLIAM J. THOMS, Sec.
CHS. PURTON COOPER.
THOS. STAPLETON.
WM. DURRANT COOPER.
PETER LEVESQUE.
THOS. J. PETTIGREW.
JOHN BRUCE.
BERIAH BOTFIELD.
BOLTON CORNEY.

_25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
_13 April, 1848._"

As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any relief, THE CAMDEN SOCIETY availed themselves of the appointment of the Commission to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary, to address to those Commissioners, in the month of January, 1853, a Memorial, of which the following is a copy:

"To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Commissioners appointed by
Her Majesty to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary.

"My Lords and Gentlemen,

"We, the undersigned, being the President and Council of the Camden
Society, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains,
beg to submit to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented on
the 13th April, 1848, by the President and then Council of this
Society, to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, praying that such
changes might be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as
might assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so
far as regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient Wills,
or that such other remedy might be applied to the inconveniences stated
in that Memorial as to his Grace might seem fit.

"In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased to inform the
Memorialists that he had no control whatever over the fees taken in the
Prerogative Office.

"The Memorialists had not adopted the course of applying to his Grace
the Archbishop until they had in vain endeavoured to obtain from the
authorities of the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden, and
Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour of literary
inquirers. The answer of his Grace the Archbishop left them, therefore
without present remedy.

"The grievance complained of continues entirely unaltered up to the
present time.

"In all other public repositories to which in the course of our
inquiries we have had occasion to apply, we have found a general and
predominant feeling of the national importance of the cultivation of
literature, and especially of that branch of it which relates to the
past history of our own country. Every one seems heartily willing to
promote historical inquiries. The Public Record Offices are now opened
to persons engaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most
satisfactory and liberal character. His Grace the Archbishop of
Canterbury gives permission to literary men to search such of the early
registers of his See as are in his own possession at Lambeth. Access is
given to the registers of the Bishop of London; and throughout the
kingdom private persons having in their possession historical documents
are almost without exception not only willing but anxious to assist our
inquiries. The authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors'
Commons, perhaps, stand alone in their total want of sympathy with
literature, and in their exclusion of literary inquirers by stringent
rules, harshly, and in some instances even offensively, enforced.

"We have the honour to be,
"My Lords and Gentlemen,
"Your most obedient and very humble servants,

(Signed) BRAYBROOKE, President.
JOHN BRUCE, Director.
C. PURTON COOPER.
J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
W. R. DRAKE.
EDWD. FOSS.
PETER LEVESQUE.
STRANGFORD.
W. H. BLAAUW.
W. DURRANT COOPER.
BOLTON CORNEY.
HENRY ELLIS.
LAMBERT B. LARKING.
FREDK. OUVRY.
WM. J. THOMS, Sec.

_25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
_January, 1853._"

A Report from that Commission has been laid before Parliament; and a Bill for carrying into effect the recommendations contained in such Report, and transferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the Court of Chancery, has been introduced into the House of Lords. The Bill contains no specific enactments as to the custody of the Wills.

Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested in Historical Truth to use their best endeavours to procure the insertion of such clauses as shall place the Wills under the same custody as the other Judicial Records of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper of Records.

With Literature represented in the House of Lords by a Brougham and a Campbell, in the Commons by a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a D'Israeli, let but the real state of the case be once made public, and we have no fear but that the interests of English Historical Literature will be cared for and maintained.

* * * * *

{217}

Notes.

"J. R. OF CORK."

My gifted and lamented countryman "The Roscoe of Cork"[1] deserves more notice in these pages, which he has enriched by his contributions, than the handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol. vii., p. 394.); so a few words is with reference to him may be acceptable.

MR. JAMES ROCHE was born in Limerick some eighty-three years ago, of an ancient and wealthy family. At an early period of his life he was sent to France, and educated in the Catholic College of Saintes. After completing his studies, and paying a short visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux, where he became acquainted with the most distinguished leaders of the Girondists.

MR. ROCHE was in Paris during the horrors of the first Revolution, and in 1793 was arrested there as a British subject, but was released on the death of Robespierre. For some years after his liberation, he passed his time between Paris and Bordeaux. At the close of the last century, he returned to Ireland; and commenced business in Cork as a banker, in partnership with his brother. He resided in a handsome country seat near the river Lee, and there amassed a splendid library.

About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a wealthy banker in the same city, got into difficulties, and met with the kindest assistance from MR. ROCHE. In 1819 his own troubles came on, and a monetary crisis ruined him as well as many others. All his property was sold, and his books were brought to the hammer, excepting a few with which his creditors presented him. I have often tried, but without success, to get a copy of the auction catalogue, which contained many curious lots,--amongst others, I am informed, Swift's own annotated copy of _Gulliver's Travels_, which MR. ROCHE purchased in Cork for a few pence, but which produced pounds at the sale. MR. ROCHE, after this, resided for some time in London as parliamentary agent. He also spent several years in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of 1830. Eventually he returned to Cork, where he performed the duties of a magistrate and director of the National Bank, until his death in the early part of 1853.

MR. ROCHE was intimately acquainted with many of the great men and events of his time, especially with everything concerning modern French history and literature.

MR. ROCHE was remarkable for accurate scholarship and extensive learning: the affability of his manners, and the earnestly-religious tone of his mind, enhanced his varied accomplishments.

For a number of years he contributed largely to various periodicals, such as the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the _Dublin Review_, and the _Literary Gazette_; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork" was welcome to all, while it puzzled many.

In 1851 he printed _for private circulation_, _Essays Critical and Miscellaneous_, by an Octogenarian, 2 vols.; printed by G. Nash, Cork. Some of these Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first time. The work was reviewed in the _Dublin Review_ for October, 1851.

A "Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in July, 1848, in Duffy's _Irish Catholic Magazine_, which I have made use of in this Note. My object in the present Note is to suggest that MR. ROCHE'S Reminiscences and Essays should be given to the public, from whom I am well assured they would receive a hearty welcome.

EIRIONNACH.

[Footnote 1: MR. ROCHE is thus happily designated by the Rev. Francis Mahony in _The Prout Papers_.]

* * * * *

MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.

There appeared in a late number of _The Family Friend_, an article on the above process. The writer attributes its invention to Benjamin Zobel of Bavaria; and states, that although some few persons have attempted its revival, in no instance has success attended such efforts. This is not correct. There was a German confectioner to King George III. whom I knew well. His name was Haas; and those acquainted with Bristol will recollect his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite the drawbridge on the way to College Green, where he resided forty years ago, after retiring from his employment at Court. There he was often engaged in decorating ceilings, lying on his back for weeks together on a scaffold for the purpose. He also ornamented the plateaus for the royal table; and he understood the art of sand-painting, and practised it in the highest perfection. Whether he preceded Zobel, or came after him, at Windsor Castle, I cannot tell; but I can testify that he was perfect master of the art in question. I have seen him at work upon his sand-pictures. He had the marble dust of every gradation of colour in a large box, divided into small compartments; and he applied it to the picture by dropping it from small cones of paper.

The article in _The Family Friend_ describes the process of Zobel to have consisted of a previous coating of the panel for the picture with a glutinous solution, over which the marble dust was strewed from a piece of cord. Haas used small cones of paper; and my impression from seeing him at work was, that he sprinkled the sand on the dry panel, and fixed the whole finally at once by some process which he kept a secret. For I remember how careful he was to prevent the window or door from being opened, so as to cause a draught, before he had fixed his picture; and I {218} have heard him lament the misfortune of having had one or two pictures blown away in this manner.

The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordinary. They stood out in bold relief, and with a brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As may be supposed, this style of painting was particularly adapted for landscapes and rocky scenery; and it enabled the artist to finish foliage with a richness which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collection of his sand-paintings was a rich treat to inspect. After his death, they were sold and dispersed; but many must be found in the collections of gentlemen in Bristol and its neighbourhood.

F. C. H.

* * * * *

THE SOLDIER'S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE OF THE YEAR 1642.

"_The Grounds of Military Discipline: or, Certain Brief Rules for the
Exercising of a Company or Squadron._

_Observed by all._

In march, in motion, troop or stand,
Observe both leader and right hand;
With silence note in what degree
You in the body placed be:
That so you may, without more trouble,
Know where to stand, and when to double.

_Distances._

True distance keep in files, in ranks
Open close to the front, reare, flanks,
Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,
Backward and forward both together.
To the right, left, outward or in,
According to directions given.
To order, close, open, double,
Distance, distance, double, double:
For this alone prevents distraction,
And giveth lustre to the action.

_Facings._

Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the reare,
Inward, outward, and as you were:
To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure
To every angle, and to the centre.

_Doublings._

To bring more hands in the front to fight,
Double ranks unto the right,
Or left, or both, if need require,
Direct divisionall or intire:
By doubling files accordingly,
Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.
Halfe files and bringers-up likewise
To the front may double, none denies;
Nor would it very strange appear
For th' front half files or double the reare:
The one half ranks to double the other,
Thereby to strengthen one the other.

_Countermarches._

But lest I should seen troublesome,
To countermarches next I come.
Which, though they many seem to be,
Are all included in these three:
Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,
And severall wayes to each is found:
By which their proper motion's guided,
In files, in ranks, in both divided.

_Wheeling._

Wheel your batten ere you fight,
For better advantage to the right,
Or left, or round about
To either angle, or where you doubt
Your enemie will first oppose you;
And therefore unto their Foot close you.
Divisionall wheeling I have seen
In sundrie places practis'd been,
To alter either form or figure,
By wheeling severall wayes together.
And, had I time to stand upon 't,
I'de wheele my wings into the front.
By wheeling flanks into the reare,
They'll soon reduce them as they were.
Besides, it seems a pretty thing
To wheel, front, and reare to either wing:
Wheele both wings to the reare and front;
Face to the reare, and having done 't,
Close your divisions; even your ranks,
Wheel front and reare into both flanks:
And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,
To one wheeling doth reduce the other.

_Conversion and Inversion._

One thing more and I have done;
Let files rank by conversion:
To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then
Ranks by conversion fill again:
Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,
Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.

The summe of all that hath been spoken may be comprised thus:

Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge, retire;
Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie, fire."

ANON.

* * * * *

LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.

The foreign correspondence of the English press is an invaluable feature of that mighty engine of civilisation and progress, for which the world cannot be too thankful; but as the agents in it at Paris, Berlin, Vienna, &c., are more or less imbued with the insular views and prejudices which they carry with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland, it were well if the daily journals devoted more attention than they do to the _leading articles_ of the Continental press, which is frequently distinguished by great ability and interest, and would {219} enable Englishmen, not versed in foreign languages, to judge, from another point of view, of Continental affairs--now becoming of surpassing interest and importance. Translations or abstracts of the leading articles of _The Times_, _Morning Chronicle_, _Morning Post_, &c., are constantly to be met with in the best foreign papers. Why should not our great London papers more frequently gratify their readers with articles from the pens of their Continental brotherhood? This would afford an opportunity also of correcting the false statements, or replying to the erroneous judgments put forth and circulated abroad by writers whose distinguished position enables them, unintentionally no doubt, to do the more mischief. A surprising change for the better, however, as respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and information of the foreign press of late years. Let us cherish this good feeling by a corresponding demeanour on our part.

ALPHA.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Materials for a History of Druidism.--_

"It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task to collect what the
ancients have left us on the subject of Druidism. Such a collection
would form a very small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in
every library, the idle and tedious dreams and conjectures of the
Stukeleys, the Borlases, the Rowlands, the Vallanceys, the Davies's,
the Jones's, and the Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though far
from unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence than any other modern
composition of its kind. It is a pity that he or some other person has
not given as faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which he
mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much respecting Druidical
manners and superstitions, of which many vestiges are still existing,
though not of the kind usually referred to."

"The Roman history of Britain can only be collected from the Roman
writers; and what they have left is very short indeed. It might be
disposed of in the way recommended for the History of the
Druids."--Douce's notes on Whitaker's _History of Manchester_, vol. i.
p. 136. of Corrections in Book i., ibid. p. 148.

ANON.

_Domestic Chapels._--There is an interesting example of a domestic chapel, with an upper chamber over it for the chaplain's residence, and a ground floor underneath it for some undiscoverable purpose, to be seen contiguous to an ancient farm-house at Ilsam, in the parish of St. Mary Church, in the county of Devon.

The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its character, and appears to have been originally, as now, detached from the family house, or only connected with it by a short passage leading to the floor on which the chapel itself stood.

JOHN JAMES.

_Ordinary._--The following is a new meaning for the word _ordinary_:--"Do ye come in and see my poor man, for he is _piteous ordinary_ to-day." This speech was addressed to me by a poor woman who wished me to go and see her husband. He was ordinary enough, although she had adorned his head with a _red_ night-cap; but her meaning was evidently that he was far from well; and Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not give this signification to the word.

A cottage child once told me that the dog opened his mouth "a power wide."

[Old English W. N.]

_Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory for 1854._--In the advertisement prefixed to this valuable compilation, which, according to the _Quarterly Review_, "contains more information about Ireland than has been collected in one volume in any country," we may find the following words:

"All parliamentary and official documents procurable, have been
collected; and their contents, so far as they bore on the state of the
country, carefully abstracted; and where any deficiencies have been
observable, the want has been supplied by applications to private
sources, which, in every instance, have been most satisfactorily
answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also indebted to similar applications to the
ruling authorities of the several religious persuasions _for the
undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the Almanac_."

I wish to call attention to the latter words; and in so doing, I assure you, I feel only a most anxious desire to see some farther improvements effected by Mr. Thom.

I cannot allow "the undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department," inasmuch as I have detected, even on a cursory examination, very many inaccuracies which a little care would certainly have prevented. For example, in p. 451. (_Ecclesiastical Directory_, Established Church and Diocese of Dublin), there are at least five grave mistakes, and four in the following page. These pages I have taken at random. I could easily point out other pages equally inaccurate; but I have done enough I think to prove, that while I willingly accord to the enterprising publisher the full meed of praise he so well deserves, a little more attention should be paid in future to the preparation of the ecclesiastical department.

ABHBA.

_Antiquity of the Word "Snub."_--

"Beware we then euer of discontente, and _snubbe_ it betimes, least it
overthrowe us as it hath done manie."

"Such _snubs_ as these be little cloudes."--_Comfortable Notes on
Genesis_, by Gervase Babington, Bishop of Exeter, 1596.

J. R. P.

_Charles I. at Little Woolford._--There is an ancient house at Little Woolford (in the {220} southeast corner of Warwickshire) connected with which is a tradition that Charles I., after the battle of Edge Hill, which is not far distant, secreted himself in an oven there. This oven is preserved for the inspection of the curious.

B. H. C.

_Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken._--Sir Thomas Browne wrote his _Religio Medici_ in 1533-5; and in it suggested some familiar verses of the "Evening Hymn" of his brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The lines are as follows:

_Sir Thomas Browne._

"Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
Whose eyes are open, while mine close;
Let no dreams my head infest,
But such as Jacob's temples blest:
Sleep is a death: oh, make me try,
By sleeping, what it is to die!
And as gently lay my head
On my grave, as now my bed.
Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
Awake again at last with Thee."

_Bishop Ken._

"Let no ill dreams disturb my rest;
No powers of darkness me molest.
Teach me to live, that I may dread
The grave as little as my bed:
Teach me to die, that so I may
Rise glorious at the awful day.
Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,
And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;
Sleep that may me more vigorous make,
To serve my God when I awake."

I have never seen this curious coincidence noticed by any of the good bishop's biographers, Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.

MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.

_The English School of Painting._--In a note to a volume of poems by Victor Hugo, published in 1836, occur these remarks:

"M. Louis Boulanger, a qui ces deux ballades sont dediees, s'est place
bien jeune au premier rang de cette nouvelle generation de peintres,
qui promet d'elever notre ecole au niveau des magnifiques ecoles
d'Italie, d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."

Does this praise of the English school of painting show a correct appreciation of its claims to distinction? or am I in error in supposing, as I have done, that our school of painting is not entitled to the pompous epithet of "magnifique," nor to be named in the same category with the Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools? I am aware of the hackneyed and somewhat hyperbolical employment, by French writers and speakers, of such terms as _magnifique_, _superbe_, _grandiose_; and that they do not convey to a French ear the same idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober English judgment; but making every allowance on this score, I confess I was not a little startled to find such a term as _magnifique_, even in its most moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts in that branch of art. _Magnifique_, in truth, must be our school, when the French can condescend to speak of it in such language!

HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia.

"_A Feather in your Cap._"--My good friend Dr. Wolff mentioned in conversation a circumstance (also stated, I fancy, in his _Journey to Bokhara_) which seemed to afford a solution of the common expression, "That's a feather in your cap." I begged he would give it me in writing, and he has done so. "The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh (meaning the infidels in black clothing) living around Cabul upon the height of the mountains of the Himalaya, who worship a god called Dagon and Imra, are great enemies of the Muhamedans; and for each Muhamedan they kill, they wear a feather in their heads. The same is done among the Abyssinians and Turcomans."

Has the feather head-dress of the American Indian, and the eagle's feather in the bonnet of the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a score of the deaths of the enemies or game they have killed?

ALFRED GATTY.

* * * * *

Queries.

DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE: LICENCES TO CRENELLATE.

Previous to the publication of the second volume of the _Domestic Architecture of the Middle Ages_, you were kind enough to insert some Queries for me respecting existing remains of houses of the fourteenth century, which elicited some useful Notes, partly through your columns and partly from private friends who were thus reminded of my wants. I am now preparing for the press the third and concluding volume of that work, comprising the period from the reign of Richard II. to that of Henry VIII. inclusive. I shall be glad of information of any houses of that period remaining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to those mentioned in the _Glossary of Architecture_. I have reason to believe that there are many; and one class, the halls of the different guilds, seem to have been generally overlooked.

With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy, I have obtained a complete list of the licences to crenellate contained in the Patent Rolls, and some other records preserved in the Tower. Most of these have the name of the county annexed; but there are a few, of which I add a list, in which no county is mentioned, and local information is necessary in order to identify them. Perhaps some {221} of your numerous readers will be able to assist me.

_Licences to Crenellate._

J. H. PARKER.

* * * * *

DIXON OF BEESTON.

Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the accompanying letter, for _if true_ it is worthy of a place in the heraldic portion of "N. & Q.," and _if not true_, its imposture should stand recorded? On receiving it I sent a copy to my brother, Mr. J. H. Dixon, an able antiquary, and late of the council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat too hastily I think, and without sufficient proof, rejected the information offered. That the family which my brother represents is a "good old" one, is sufficiently attested by the pedigree furnished by Thoresby in the _Ducatus Leodiensis_, and thence copied by Mr. Burke in his _Landed Gentry_; but of its earlier history there is no reliable account, unless that by Mr. Spence can be considered such.

I shall feel very much obliged if any of your correspondents learned in the genealogies of Yorkshire and Cheshire could either corroborate the genuineness of the information tendered by Mr. Spence, or prove the reverse; and it is only fair to that gentleman to add that he is entitled to credibility on the written testimony of the Rev. Mr. Knox, Incumbent of Birkenhead.

R. W. DIXON, J.P.

Seaton Carew, co. Durham.

Sir,

Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of Notherlegh House, near
Chester, to inspect and arrange the title-deeds and other documents
which belonged to her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a
very ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that county;
which family became extinct in the direct male line in the year 1724,
but which was represented through females by the above Sir J. C.

It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from documents in the
possession of the Cotgreave family, and contains the descents of five
generations of the Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and
Congleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and armorial
bearings, commencing with "Ralph Dixon, Esq., de Beeston and Congleton,
living temp. Hen. VI., who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the
Yorkists, at the battle of Wakefield, A.D. 1460."

Presuming that you are descended from this ancient family, I will (if
you think proper) transmit to you extracts from the aforesaid pedigree,
as far as relates to your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that
you remunerate me for the information and definition of the armorial
bearings, there being five shields, containing twelve quarterings
connected with the family of Dixon.

Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts, and has kindly
consented to attest the same.

The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave pedigree, are "Sable, a
fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine," quartering the ensigns of the noble
houses of "Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
temp. William the Conqueror; Eustace Crewe de Montalt, Lord of
Hawarden, Flintshire, during the said reign; Robert de Umfreville, Lord
of Tours, and Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flourished
in the same reign also; Pole, Talboys, Welles, Latimer," and others.

In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid "Ralph Dixon
quartered the ensigns of the above noble families in right of his
mother Maude, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de
Congleton and Elton in the county palatine of Chester."

I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your very obedient humble servant,
WILLIAM SIDNEY SPENCE.
Priory Place, Birkenhead,
Chester.
Dec. 14. 1848.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Atherstone Family._--Can any of your readers oblige me with information concerning the Atherstone family? Is it an old name, or was it first given some three or four generations back to a foundling, picked up near the town of Atherston?

Comments

Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854Chapter I: Front Matter

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