Chapter I: Part 1

{389}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

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* * * * *

CONTENTS.

NOTES:-- Page
Curious Old Pamphlet 391
Errata in Printed Bibles 391
Impossibilities of History 392
Unregistered Proverbs, by C. Mansfield Ingleby 392
Mr. Justice Talfourd, by H. M. Bealby and T. J. Buckton 393
The Screw Propeller 394
Ancient Chattel-Property in Ireland, by James F. Ferguson 394
Bishop Atterbury 395

MINOR NOTES:--"Milton Blind"--Hydropathy--Cassie--The Duke
of Wellington--Romford Jury--Edward Law (Lord Ellenborough),
Chief Justice--Chamisso--Dates of Maps--Walton--Whittington's
Stone on Highgate Hill--Turkey and France 395

QUERIES:--
A Female Aide-Major 397

MINOR QUERIES:--"Chintz Gowns"--"Noctes Ambrosianae"--B.
Simmons--Green Stockings--Nicholas Kieten--Warwickshire
Badge--Armorial--Lord Brougham and Horne Tooke--Rileys
of Forest Hill--Fish "Lavidian"--"Poeta nascitur, non
fit"--John Wesley and the Duke of Wellington--Haviland--
Byron--Rutabaga--A Medal--The Black Cap--The Aboriginal
Britons 397

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"Gossip"--Humphry Repton--
"Oriel"--"Orchard"--"Peckwater"--Richard III.--Binding of
old Books--Vessel of Paper 399

REPLIES:--
King James's Irish Army List, 1689, by John D'Alton 401
Quotations Wanted, by G. Taylor, &c. 402
Oaths, by James F. Ferguson, &c. 402
Remuneration of Authors, by Alexander Andrews 404
Occasional Forms of Prayer, by the Rev. W. Sparrow Simpson,
&c. 404

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--
Photographic Query--Improvement in Collodion--Printing
Positives--Photographic Excursions 406

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"To Garble"--"Lyra Apostolica"--
John Bale, Bishop of Ossory--Burial in an erect Posture--
"Carronade"--"Largesse"--Precious Stones--"A Pinch of
Snuff"--Darwin on Steam--Gale of Rent--Cobb Family--"Aches"
--"Meols"--Polygamy--Wafers 407

MISCELLANEOUS:--
Notes on Books, &c. 410
Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 410
Notices to Correspondents 411

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{390}

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{391}

_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1854._

Notes.

CURIOUS OLD PAMPHLET.

Grubbing among old pamphlets, the following has turned up:

"A Fragment of an Essay towards the most ancient Histories of the Old
and New Worlds, connected. Intended to be carried on in four Parts or
Aeras. That is, from the Creation of all Things to the Time of the
Deluge: thence to the Birth of Abraham: from that Period to the Descent
of Jacob and his Family into Egypt: and, lastly, to the Time of the
Birth of Moses. Attempted to be executed in Blank Verse, 8vo. pp. 59.
Printed in the year 1765."

This Miltonic rhapsody supposes Adam, when verging on his nine hundreth year, to have assembled his descendants to a kind of jubilee, when sacrifices, and other antediluvian solemnities, being observed, "Seth, the pious son of his comfort, gravely arose, and, after due obedience to the first of men, humbly beseeched the favour to have their memories refreshed by a short history of the marvellous things in the beginning." Then Adam thus:--Hereupon the anonymous author puts into the mouth of the great progenitor of the human race a history of the Creation, in blank verse, in accordance with the Mosaic and orthodox account. Concluding his revelations without reference to the Fall, Seth would interrogate their aged sire upon what followed thence, when Adam excuses himself from the painful recital by predicting the special advent in after times of a mind equal to that task:

"But of this Fall, this heart-felt, deep-felt lapse,
This Paradise thus lost, no mortal man
Shall sing which lives on earth.
Far distant hence
In farther distant times, fair Liberty
Shall reign, queen of the Seas, and lady of
The Isles; nay, sovereign of the world's repose.
And Peace!
In her a mighty genius shall
Arise, of high ethereal mould, great in
Renown, sublime, superior far to praise
Of sublunary man--or Fame herself.
Though blind to all things here on earth below,
The heav'ns of heav'ns themselves shall he explore,
And soar on high with strong, with outstretched wings!
There sing of marvels not to be conceived,
Express'd, or thought by any but himself!"

This curious production is avowedly from the other side of the Tweed, and I would ask if its paternity is known to any of your antiquarian correspondents there or here.

The Fragment is preceded by a very remarkable Preface, containing "some reasons why this little piece has thus been thrown off in such a loose and disorderly manner;" among which figure the desire "to disperse a parcel of them gratis,--because they are, perhaps, worth nothing; that nobody may pay for his folly but himself; that, if his Fragment is damned, which it probably may be, he will thenceforth drop any farther correspondence with Adam, Noah, Abraham, &c.; and, lastly, that he may be benefited by the criticisms upon its faults and failings, while he himself lurks cunningly behind the curtain. But if, after all," says the facetious author, "this little northern urchin shall chance to spring forward under the influence of a more southern and warmer sun, the author will then endeavour to bring his goods to market as plump, fresh, and fair as the soil will admit."

I presume, however, the public did not call for any of the farther instalments promised in the title.

J. O.

* * * * *

ERRATA IN PRINTED BIBLES.

Mr. D'Israeli, in his _Curiosities of Literature_, has an article entitled "The Pearl Bibles and Six Thousand Errata," in which he gives some notable specimens of the blunders perpetrated in the printing of Bibles in earlier times. The great demand for them prompted unscrupulous persons to supply it without much regard to carefulness or accuracy; and, besides, printers were not so expert as at the present day.

"The learned Ussher," Mr. D'Israeli tells us, "one day hastening to
preach at Paul's Cross, entered the shop of one of the stationers, as
booksellers were then called, and inquiring for a Bible of the London
edition, when he came to look for his text, to his astonishment and his
horror he discovered that the verse was omitted in the Bible! This gave
the first occasion of complaint to the king, of the insufferable
negligence and incapacity of the London press; and first bred that
great contest which followed between the University of Cambridge and
the London stationers, about the right of printing Bibles."

Even during the reign of Charles I., and in the time of the Commonwealth, the manufacture of spurious Bibles was carried on to an alarming extent. English Bibles were fabricated in Holland for cheapness, without any regard to accuracy. Twelve thousand of these (12mo.) Bibles, with notes, were seized by the King's printers as being contrary to the statute; and a large impression of these Dutch-English Bibles were burned, by order of the Assembly of Divines, for certain errors. The Pearl (24mo.) Bible, printed by Field, in 1653, contains some scandalous blunders;--for instance, Romans, vi. 13.: "Neither yield ye your members as instruments of _righteousness_ unto sin"--for _unrighteousness_. 1 Cor. vi. 9.: "Know ye not that {392} the unrighteous _shall inherit_ the kingdom of God?"--for _shall not inherit_.

The printer of Miles Coverdale's Bible, which was finished in 1535, and of which only two perfect copies, I believe, are known to exist--one in the British Museum, the other in the library of the Earl of Jersey--deserves some commendation for his accuracy. At the end of the New Testament is the following solitary erratum:

"A faute escaped in pryntyng the New Testament. Upon the fourth leafe,
the first syde in the sixth chapter of S. Mathew, 'Seke ye first the
kingdome of heaven,' read, 'Seke ye first the kingdome of God.'"

ABHBA.

* * * * *

IMPOSSIBILITIES OF HISTORY.

"That unworthy hand."

I am not aware that the fact of Cranmer's holding his right hand in the flames till it was consumed has been questioned. Fox says:

"He stretched forth his right hand into the flames, and there held it
so stedfast that all the people might see it burnt to a coal before his
body was touched."--P. 927. ed. Milner, London, 1837, 8vo.

Or, as the passage is given in the last edition,--

"And when the wood was kindled, and the fire began to burn near him, he
put his right hand into the flame, which he held so stedfast and
immovable (saving that once with the same hand he wiped his face), that
all men might see his hand burned before his body was touched."--_Acts
and Monuments_, ed. 1839, vol. viii. p. 90.

Burnet is more circumstantial:

"When he came to the stake he prayed, and then undressed himself: and
being tied to it, as the fire was kindling, he stretched forth his
right hand towards the flame, never moving it, save that once he wiped
his face with it, till it was burnt away, which was consumed before the
fire reached his body. He expressed no disorder from the pain he was
in; sometimes saying, 'That unworthy hand;' and oft crying out, 'Lord
Jesus, receive my spirit.' He was soon after quite burnt."--_Hist. of
the Reformation_, vol. iii. p. 429., ed. 1825.

Hume says:

"He stretched out his hand, and, without betraying either by his
countenance or motions the least sign of weakness, or even feeling, he
held it in the flames till it was entirely consumed."--Hume, vol. iv.
p. 476.

It is probable that Hume believed this, for while Burnet states positively as a fact, though only inferentially as a miracle, that "the heart was found entire and unconsumed among the ashes," Hume says, "it was pretended that his heart," &c.

I am not about to discuss the character of Cranmer: a timid man might have been roused under such circumstances into attempting to do what it is said he did. The laws of physiology and combustion show that he could not have gone beyond the attempt. If a furnace were so constructed, that a man might hold his hand in the flame without burning his body, the shock to the nervous system would deprive him of all command over muscular action before the skin could be "entirely consumed." If the hand were chained over the fire, the shock would produce death.

In this case the fire was unconfined. Whoever has seen the effect of flame in the open air, must know that the vast quantity sufficient entirely to consume a human hand, must have destroyed the life of its owner; though, from a peculiar disposition of the wood, the vital parts might have been protected.

The entire story is utterly impossible. May we, guided by the words "as the fire was kindling," believe that he _then_ thrust his right hand into the flame--a practice I believe not unusual with our martyrs, and peculiarly suitable to him--and class the "holding it till consumed" with the whole and unconsumed heart?

I may observe that in the accounts of martyrdoms little investigation was made as to what was possible. Burnet, describing Hooper's execution, says, "one of his hands fell off before he died, with the other he continued to knock on his breast some time after." This, I have high medical authority for saying, could not be.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

* * * * *

UNREGISTERED PROVERBS.

In Mr. Trench's charming little book on _Proverbs_, 2nd ed., p. 31., he remarks:

"There are not a few (proverbs), as I imagine, which, living on the
lips of men, have yet never found their way into books, however worthy
to have done so; either because the sphere in which they circulate has
continued always a narrow one, or that the occasions which call them
out are very rare, or that they, having only lately risen up, have not
hitherto attracted the attention of any one who cared to record them.
It would be well, if such as take an interest in the subject, and are
sufficiently well versed in the proverbial literature of their own
country to recognise such unregistered proverbs when they meet them,
would secure them from that perishing, which, so long as they remain
merely oral, might easily overtake them; and would make them at the
same time, what all _good_ proverbs ought certainly to be, the common
heritage of all."

"_Note._--The pages of the excellent _Notes and Queries_ would no doubt
be open to receive such, and in them they might be safely garnered up,"
&c.

I trust this appeal of Mr. Trench's will be at once responded to by both the editor and correspondents of this periodical. With the former {393} must rest the responsibility of withholding from reproduction any proverbs, which though sent him as novelties, may be already registered in the recognised collections.

Mr. Trench's first contribution to this _bouquet_ of the wild flowers of proverbial lore is the following, from Ireland:

"'_The man on the dyke always hurls well._' The looker on," says Mr.
Trench in explanation, "at a game of hurling, seated indolently on the
wall, always imagines that he could improve on the strokes of the
actual players, and if you will listen to him, would have played the
game much better than they, a proverb of sufficiently wide
application."--P. 32.

Each proverb sent in should be accompanied with a statement of the class among whom, or the locality in which, it is current. The index to "N. & Q." should contain a reference to every proverb published in its pages, under the head of _Unregistered Proverbs_, or _Proverbs_ only. Correspondents should bear in mind the essential requisite of a proverb, _currency_. Curt, sharp sayings might easily be multiplied; what is wanted, however, is a collection of such only as have that prerequisite of admission into the ranks of recognised proverbs. And while contributors should not lose sight of "the stamp of merit," as that which renders the diffusion of proverbs beneficial to mankind, still they should not reject a genuine proverb for want of that characteristic, remembering that,--

"'Tween man and man, they weight not every stamp;
Though light, take pieces for the _figure's_ sake."

And that the mere _form_ of a proverb often affords some indication of its age and climate, even where the _matter_ is spurious. I have a large MS. collection of English proverbs by me, from which I doubt not I shall be able to extract some few which have never yet been admitted into any published collection. Of these at some future time.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

[We shall be happy to do all in our power to carry out this very
excellent suggestion.--Ed. "N. & Q."]

* * * * *

MR. JUSTICE TALFOURD.

The noble sentiments uttered by Justice Talfourd in his last moments gave a charm to his sudden death, and shed a hallowed beauty about the painfully closing scenes of this great man. I want them to have a niche in "N. & Q.," and along with them a passage from his beautiful tragedy of _Ion_, which may be considered as a transcript of those thoughts which filled his mind on the very eve of quitting the high and honourable duties of his earthly course. It forcibly illustrates the loving soul, the kind heart, and the amiable character of this deeply lamented judge.

After speaking of the peculiar aspect of crime in that part of the country where he delivered his last charge, he goes on to say:

"I cannot help myself thinking it may be in no small degree
attributable to that separation between class and class, which is the
great curse of British society, and for which we are all, more or less,
in our respective spheres, in some degree responsible, and which is
more complete in these districts than in agricultural districts, where
the resident gentry are enabled to shed around them the blessings
resulting from the exercise of benevolence, and the influence and
example of active kindness. I am afraid we all of us keep too much
aloof from those beneath us, and whom we thus encourage to look upon us
with suspicion and dislike. Even to our servants we think, perhaps, we
fulfil our duty when we perform our contract with them--when we pay
them their wages, and treat then with the civility consistent with our
habits and feelings--when we curb our temper, and use no violent
expressions towards them. But how painful is the thought, that there
are men and women growing up around us, ministering to our comforts and
necessities, continually inmates of our dwellings, with whose
affections and nature we are as much unacquainted as if they were the
inhabitants of some other sphere. This feeling, arising from that kind
of reserve peculiar to the English character, does, I think, greatly
tend to prevent that mingling of class with class, that reciprocation
of kind words and gentle affections, gracious admonitions and kind
inquiries, which often, more than any book-education, tend to the
culture of the affections of the heart, refinement and elevation of the
character of those to whom they are addressed. And if I were to be
asked what is the great want of English society--to mingle class with
class--I would say, in one word, the want is the want of sympathy."

Act I. Sc. 2. After Clemanthe has told Ion that, forsaking all within his house, and risking his life with strangers, he can do but little for their aid, Ion replies:

"It is little:
But in these sharp extremities of fortune,
The blessings which the weak and poor can scatter
Have their own season. 'Tis a little thing
To give a cup of water; yet its draught
Of cool refreshment, drain'd by fever'd lips,
May give a shock of pleasure to the frame
More exquisite than when nectarean juice
Renews the life of joy in happiest hours.
It is a little thing to speak a phrase
Of common comfort, which, by daily use,
Has almost lost its sense; yet, on the ear
Of him who thought to die unmourn'd, 'twill fall
Like choicest music; fill the glazing eye
With gentle tears; relax the knotted hand
To know the bonds of fellowship again;
And shed on the departing soul a sense,
More precious than the benison of friends
About the honour'd death-bed of the rich,
{394}
To him who else were lonely, that another
Of the great family is near and feels."

The analogy is as beautiful as it is true.

H. M. BEALBY.

North Brixton.

Before this talented judge was advanced to the bench, he amused himself and instructed his clients by occasional _metrical_ notes, of which the annexed is a specimen. To make it intelligible to those whom it may _not_ concern, I must add an explanation by the attorney in the suit, who has obligingly placed the learned serjeant's notes at my disposal. This gentleman says: "These notes are in the margin of a brief held by the serjeant as leading counsel in an action of ejectment brought against a person named Rock, in 1842. In converting into rhyme the evidence of the witness Hopkins, as set out in the brief, he has adhered strictly to the statements, whilst he has at the same time seized the prominent points of the testimony as supporting the case."

John Hopkins will identify the spot,
Unless his early sports are quite forgot,
And from his youngest recollection show
The house fell down some forty years ago.
And then--a case of adverse claim to meet,
Show how the land lay open to the street;
And there the children held their harmless rambles,
Till Robert Woolwich built his odious shambles,
And never did the playmates fear a shock,
From anything so hateful as a _Rock_.

Perhaps the above may elicit from other quarters similar contributions; indeed, any memorial of the friend of Charles Lamb must be precious to the Muse.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

* * * * *

THE SCREW PROPELLER.

In 1781, when the steam engine, only recently improved by Watt, was merely applied to the more obvious purposes of mine drainage and the like, Darwin, in his _Botanic Garden_, wrote--

"Soon shall thy arm, unconquer'd Steam! afar
Drag the slow barge, or drive the rapid car."

And in an appended note prophecies that the new agent might "in time be applied to the rowing of barges, and the moving of carriages along the road." The ingenious chronicler of the "loves of the plants," however, was in no doubt, when he wrote, aware of the experiments of D'Auxiron, Perier, and De Jouffroy; those prosecuted at Dalswinton and in America were some years later, about 1787-8 I think. But in another and less widely known poem by the same author, the _Temple of Nature_, published in 1802, there occurs a very complete anticipation of one of the most important applications of science to navigation, which may prove as novel and striking to some of your readers as it did to me. It is, indeed, a remarkable instance of scientific prevision. In a note to line 373, canto ii. of the poem, the author sets out with, "The progressive motion of fish beneath the water is produced principally by the undulation of their tails;" and after giving the _rationale_ of the process, he goes on to say that "this power seems to be better adapted to push forward a body in the water than the oars of boats;" concluding with the query, "Might not some machinery resembling the tails of fish be placed behind a boat so as to be moved with greater effect than common oars, by the force of wind or steam?"

ANON.

* * * * *

ANCIENT CHATTEL-PROPERTY IN IRELAND.

The Memoranda Roll of the Exchequer, 4 & 5 Edward II., membrane 14., contains a list of the chattel-property of Richard de Fering, Archbishop of Dublin, which had been sold by Master Walter de Istelep, the custos of said See, for the sum of 112l. 10s. 9-3/4d. sterling, consisting, amongst other things, of--

iij affr', price xijs.
xiij bobus, iiij_li_. vs.
xlvij acr' warrectan' & rebinand' ibidem, lxxs. vjd.
ij carucis cum apparatu, iiijs.
v crannoc' frumenti ad semen & liberationes famulorum ibidem sibi
venditis per predictum custodem, xxijs. vjd.
xj crannoc', iij bussellis aven', xxxixs. iijd.
iij carucis cum apparatu, vjs.

The chattel-property of Sir James Delahyde is set forth upon the Memoranda Roll 3 & 4 Rich. II., mem. 3. _dorso_, and is as follows:

"Unu' collobiu' de rubio scarleto duplucat' c[=u] panno rubio, unu'
collobiu' duplex de sanguineto et Bukhorn', unu' collobi[=u] duplex, de
sanguineto et nigro, unu' gip' de serico auro int'text furrat' c[=u]
menivero, unu' gyp' de rubio et nigro furrat' cu' calibir', unu' gyp'
furrat cu' grys, unu' paltok' de nigro serico, unu' paltok de nigro
panno, unu' paltok' de nigro Bustian, duo cap'icia, una' pec' de rubio
Wyrset, unam pec' de nigro Wyrset, una' pec' panni linei vocat'
Westenale, quinq; pec' Aule pro camera & Aula, tres curtynis c[=u] uno
celuro de rubio Wyrset, quinq; mappas, duas pelves c[=u] lavatorio &
quatuor p'ia secular'."

Upon the attainder of William Fytzhenry of Dublin, "Capytayn," in the reign of Edward VI., it was found by inquisition that he had "unum torquem aureum ponder' septem uncias d[=i]," put in pledge for 20l., and worth 22l. sterling. In this reign "quinque vasa vocat' fyrkyns de prunis" each worth 6s. 8d.; a firkin of wine, 5s., "a fyrkyn de aceto," 6s. 8d.; "quinque tycks", worth 11s. 8d. each; and "duas duodenas cultellorum," worth 4s., {395} were brought to Dublin from St. Mallow in Brittany. In this reign also 200 "grossos arbores," near Drogheda, were valued at 16l.; 18 "porcos" were worth 40s.; 3 "modios frumenti" worth 20s.; and 5 "lagenas butteri," 20s. During this reign a sum of 300l. was paid out of the Treasury to Sir William Seyntloo, for the purpose of fortifying, &c. the Castle of Dyngham, called "The Governor of Offayley," of which sum he paid to Matthew Lynete, the Clerk of the Ordnance,--

For the hire of 4 carts from Dublin to the forte, 28th December, 71s.
1-1/2d. ster.

3 other carts from Dublin to the sayd forte, 27th March, 2 Edw. VI.,
40s.

The carters that came from Dublin to the forte, 15th January and 19th
April, 2 Edw. VI., for the hire of 4 cartes by the space of 6 dayes,
53s. 4d.

In the 6 Edward VI. the goods of Thomas Rothe of Kilkenny, merchant, which were seized by a searcher at Waterford, consisted of "30 pecias auri vocat' Crussades," and "un' wegge argenti ponderant' xvj uncias argenti precij cujuslibet uncie, 4s."

In the same year the property of Andrew Tyrrell, a merchant of Athboy, consisted of--

Unam fardellam sive paccam, containing _Sterling._
unam peciam de lychefeldkerfeys, price 36s.
Unam peciam de greneclothe 4l.
Di' duoden' pellium vocat' red leese 3s. 4d.
2 duoden' de orphell skynnes 8s. 4d.
6 duoden' de Rosell gyrdels 12s.
Sex libr' de Brymstone 2s.
3 dudoen' de playng cardes 10s.
Un' gross' de fyne knyves 48s.
26 libr' cerici voc' sylke 8l. 13s. 4d.
Un' gross' de red poynts [104s. or 4s.]
Un' duoden' de pennars [102s. or 2s.]
Sex libr' de bykeres 102s.
1000 pynnes 20d.
Sex rubeas crumenas 2s.
Un' bagam de droggs 4s.
Un' burden' de stele 3s.
Sex boxes de comfetts 12s.
6 duoden' de lokyng glasses 18d.
Un' bolte de threde 2s. 8d.
Duas fyrkins de soketts 5s.
Duas duoden' de combes 12d.
2 lb. of packethrede 6d.
1 doz. of great bells 16d.
One payre of ballaunce 8d.
One piece of red cloth 4l.

In Queen Mary's time, in Ireland, a yard of black velvet was valued at 20s. sterling; a yard of purple-coloured damask, at 13s. 4d. sterling; and a yard of tawny-coloured damask, at 10s. sterling.

The foregoing have been taken from the ancient records of the Irish Exchequer.

JAMES F. FERGUSON.

Dublin.

* * * * *

BISHOP ATTERBURY.

I have observed in some former Numbers of "N. & Q.," that an interest has been manifested in regard to the writings, and especially to the letters, of this prelate. It may therefore be interesting to your readers to be informed, that an original painting, and perhaps the only one, of the Bishop, is preserved at Trelawny House in Cornwall; and from its close resemblance to the engraved portrait which is found in his works, I have no doubt it is that from which that likeness was taken. There are also several letters in the handwriting of Bishop Atterbury among the documents preserved in the collection at that ancient mansion. That this portrait and the letters should be preserved at Trelawny, is explained by the fact, that before his elevation to the episcopal bench, Dr. Atterbury was chaplain to Bishop Trelawny.

J. C.

Lines by Bishop Atterbury on Mr. Harley being stabbed by Guiscard:

"Devotum ut cordi sensit sub pectore ferrum,
Immoto Harlaeus saucius ore stetit.
Dum tamen huic laeta gratatur voce senatus,
Confusus subito pallor in ore sedet.
O pudor! O virtus! partes quam dignus utrasque
Sustinuit, vultu dispare, laude pari."

I found these lines written on the back of an odd volume of Atterbury's _Sermons_. Most likely they have already appeared in print.

E. H. A.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

"_Milton Blind._"--A little poem bearing this title, and commencing,--

"Though I am old and blind,"

is said to have been included in an edition of the poet's works recently published at Oxford. It was written by Miss Lloyd, a lady of this city, a short time ago.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Hydropathy._--For a long time, I believe in common with many others, I have imagined that the water cure is of late origin, and that we are indebted for it to Germany, to which we look for all novel quackeries (good and bad) in medicine and theology. This belief was put to flight a short time ago by a pamphlet which I discovered among others rare and curious. It is entitled _Curiosities of Common Water, or the Advantages thereof in preventing and curing many Distempers_. The price of the pamphlet was one shilling, and the author rejoices in the name of John Smith. After his name follows a motto, the doctrine of which it {396} is the duty of all licensed to kill according to law strenuously to protest against both by argument and practice:

"That's the best physick which doth cure our ills
Without the charge of pothecaries pills."

E. W. J.

Crawley.

_Cassie._--MR. M. A. LOWER (a correspondent of "N. & Q."), in his _Essays on English Surnames_ (see vol. ii. p. 63.), quotes from a brochure on Scottish family names. He seems, from a footnote, to be in difficulty about the word _cassie._ May I suggest to him that it is a corruption of "causeway?"

The "causeway" is, in Scotch towns, an usual name for a particular street; and of a man's surname, his place of residence is a most common source of derivation.

W. T. M.

_The Duke of Wellington._--Lord de Grey, in his _Characteristics of the Duke of Wellington_, pp. 171, 172., gives the following extract from the despatches published by Colonel Gurwood, and refers to vol. viii. p. 292.

"It would undoubtedly be better if _language_ of this description were
never used, and if officers placed as you were could correct errors and
neglect in _language, which should not hurt the feelings_ of the person
addressed, and without vehemence."

Compare this passage with the following advice which Don Quixote gives to Sancho Panza before he sets off to take possession of his government:

"Al che has de castigar con obras, no trates mal con palabras, pues le
basta al desdichado la pena del suplicio sin la anadidura de las malas
rezones."--Part II. ch. xlii.

See translation of _Don Quixote_ by Jarvis, vol. iv. b. III. ch. x. p. 76.[1]

The very depreciatory terms in which the Emperor Napoleon used to speak of the Duke of Wellington as a general is well known. The following extract from Forsyth's _Napoleon at St. Helena and Sir Hudson Lowe_, appears to me worthy of being brought under the notice of the readers of "N. & Q.:"

"After the governor had left the house (upon the death of Napoleon he
had gone to the house of the deceased with Major Gorrequer to make an
inventory of and seal up his papers), Count Montholon called back Major
Gorrequer to ask him a question, and he mentioned that he had been
searching for a paper dictated to him by Napoleon a long time
previously, and which he was sorry he could not find, as it was a
_eulogium on the Duke of Wellington_, in which Napoleon had spoken in
the highest terms of praise of the military conduct of the Duke."--See
vol. iii. p. 299.

J. W. FARRER.

[Footnote 1: Jarvis translates the passage in _Don Quixote_,--"Him you are to punish with deeds, do no evil; intreat with words, for the pain of the punishment is enough for the wretch to bear, without the addition of ill-language."]

_Romford Jury._--The following entry appears on the court register of the Romford Petty Sessions (in Havering Liberty) for the year 1730, relating to the trial of two men charged with an assault on Andrew Palmer. As a curious illustration of the manner in which justice was administered in country parts in "the good old times," I think it may be interesting to the readers of "N. & Q."

"The jury could not for several hours agree on their verdict, seven
being inclinable to find the defendants guilty, and the others not
guilty. It was therefore proposed by the foreman to put twelve
shillings in a hat, and hustle most heads or tails, whether guilty or
not guilty. The defendants, therefore, were acquitted, the chance
happening in favour of not guilty."

E. J. SAGE.

_Edward Law (Lord Ellenborough), Chief Justice._--J. M.'s quotation of the song in the _Supplement to the Court of Sessions Garland_ (Vol. ix., p. 221.), reminds me of the lines on Mr. Law's being made Chief Justice:

"What signifies now, quirk, quibble, or flaw,
Since _Law_ is made _Justice_, seek justice from _Law_."

W. COLLYNS.

Drewsteignton.

_Chamisso._--Chamisso, in his poem of "The Three Sisters," who, crushed with misery, contended that each had the hardest lot, has this fine passage by the last speaker:

"In one brief sentence all my bitter cause
Of sorrow dwells--thou arbiter! oh, pause
Ere yet thy final judgment thou assign,
And learn my better right--too clearly proved.
Four words comprise it--I was never loved:
The palm of grief thou wilt allow is mine."

"He knew humanity--there can be no grief like that grief. Death had
bereaved one sister of her lover--the second mourned over her fallen
idol's shame--the third exultingly says,--

'Have they not lived and loved?'"

The above is written in a beautiful Italian female hand on the fly-leaf-of the _Basia_, 1775.

E. D.

_Dates of Maps._--It is very much to be wished that map-makers would always affix to their maps the date of their execution; the want of this in the maps of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge has often been an annoyance to me, for it frequently happens that one or both of two maps including the same district are without date, {397} and when they differ in some of the minor details, it requires some time and trouble to find, from other sources, which is the most modern, and therefore likely to be the most accurate.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Walton._--The following cotemporary notice of the decease and character of honest Isaac's son, is from a MS. Diary of the Rev. John Lewis, Rector of Chalfield and Curate of Tilbury:

"1719, Dec. 29. Mr. Canon Walton of Polshott died at Salisbury; he was
one of the members of the clergy club that meets at Melksham, and a
very pious, sober, learned, inoffensive, charitable, good man."

E. D.

_Whittington's Stone on Highgate Hill._--It is well that there is a "N. & Q." to record the removal and disappearance of noted objects and relics of antiquity, as one after another disappears before the destroying hand of Time, and more ruthless and relentless spirit of enterprise. I have to ask you on the present occasion to record the removal of Whittington's stone on Highgate Hill. I discovered it as I strolled up the hill a few days since. I was informed that it was removed about a fortnight since, and a public-house is now being built where it stood.

TEE BEE.

_Turkey and France._--The following fact, taken from the foreign correspondence of _The Times_, may suitably seek perpetuity in a corner of "N. & Q."

"I wish to mention a curious fact connected with the port of Toulon,
and with the long existing relations between France and Turkey, and
which I have not seen mentioned, although it is recorded in the
municipal archives of this town. In the year 1543, the sultan, Selim
II., at the request of the King of France, sent a large army and fleet
to his assistance, under the command of the celebrated Turkish admiral
Barbarossa, who, according to the record, was the grandson of a French
renegade. This army and fleet occupied the town and port of Toulon at
the express wish of Francis I., from the end of September 1543, to the
end of March 1544. And on this day, the last of March 1854, a French
army and fleet has sailed from the same port of Toulon to succour the
descendant of the Sultan Selim in his distress. What a remarkable
example of the rise and fall of empires!"

It will not invalidate the force of the foregoing extract to state, that Selim II. did not become sultan until 1566, and that it must have been his father Suleyman (whom he succeeded) who came to the rescue of France in 1543. The same Turkish fleet was afterwards nearly annihilated by the Venetians in 1571, at the battle of Lepanto.

GEO. DYMOND.

* * * * *

Queries.

A FEMALE AIDE-MAJOR.

The following is an extract from the letter of the French general, Custine, to the National Convention, June 14, 1793:

"My morality is attacked; it is found out that I have a _woman_ for my
aide-de-camp. Without pretending to be a Joseph, I know too well how to
respect myself, and the laws of public decency, ever to render myself
guilty of such an absurdity. I found in the army a woman under the
uniform of a volunteer bombardier, who, in fulfilling that duty at the
siege of Liege, had received a musket-ball in the leg. She presented
herself to the National Convention, desired to continue her military
service, and was admitted to the honours of the sitting. She was
afterwards sent by you, Representatives, to the Minister of War, who
gave her the rank of aide-major to the army. On my arrival here, the
representatives of the people, commissioners with this army, had
dismissed her. Her grief was extreme; and the phrenzy of her
imagination, and her love for glory, would have carried her to the last
extremity. I solicited the representatives of the people to leave her
that rank which her merit and wounds had procured her; and they
consented to it. This is the truth. She is not my aide-de-camp, but
_attached to the staff as aide-major_. Since that time I have never had
any public or private conversation with her."--From the _Political
State of Europe_, 1793, p. 164.

Can any of your readers furnish me with the name and history of this French heroine?

JAMES.

Philadelphia.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

"_Chintz Gowns._"--Tuesday, Jan. 9, 1768:

"Two ladies were convicted before the Lord Mayor, in the penalty of
5l., for wearing chintz gowns."--_Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxxviii.
p. 395.

Can any other instances be given?

INVESTIGATOR.

"_Noctes Ambrosianae._"--Can any one inform me why the celebrated "Noctes Ambrosianae" of Blackwood's _Magazine_ has never been printed in a separate form in this country (I understand it has been so in America)? I should think few republications would meet with a larger sale.

S. WMSON.

_B. Simmons._--Will you permit me to ask for a little information respecting B. Simmons? I believe he was born in the county of Cork: for he has sung, in most bewitching strains, his return to his native home on the banks of the Funcheon. He was the writer of that great poem on the "Disinterment of Napoleon," which appeared in _Blackwood_ some years ago. He was a regular {398} poetical contributor to its pages for many years. He held a situation in the Excise Office in London, and died there I believe in July, 1852.

What manner of man was he; young or old, married or single? Any information respecting such a child of genius and of song must be interesting to those who have ever read a line of his wondrous poems. To what other periodicals did he contribute?

ITH.

_Green Stockings._--Is the custom of sending a pair of green stockings to the eldest unmarried daughter of a family, upon the occasion of the marriage of a younger sister, of English, Irish, or Scottish origin?

L. A.

_Nicholas Kieten._--In the thirteenth century, "there was a giant in Holland named Nicholas Kieten, whose size was so prodigious, that he carried men under his arms like little children. His shoe was so large, that four men together could put their feet in it. Children were too terrified to look him in the face, and fled from his presence." So says our author; but he does not give the dimensions of Kieten. May not such a real giant, in the thirteenth century, have laid the foundation of the fabulous stories of giants that have for so many years been the favourite romances of the nursery? Kieten appears to be the type of the giants of our modern pantomimes. Will he serve as a key, to disclose the origin of these marvellous stories and captivating absurdities?

TIMON.

_Warwickshire Badge._--Will you permit me to ask, through your journal, if any of your readers can inform me whether the proper Warwickshire badge is "the antelope" or "the bear and ragged staff?" The former is borne by the 6th regiment of the line, they being the Royal First Warwickshire. The latter is borne by the 36th regiment of militia, they being the First Warwickshire. This latter badge is also borne by the retainers of the Earls of Warwick and Leicester; which latter county would seem to lay as much claim to the bear and ragged staff as Warwick does.

The county cannot well have both, or either; this makes me think that the bear and ragged staff is not a _county_ badge, but pertains more properly to the Earl of Warwick.

ANTIQUARY.

_Armorial._--Will any correspondent oblige me with the names to the following coats: 1. Arg., three hares (or conies) gu. 2. Arg., on a bend engrailed vert, between two bucks' heads cabossed sable, attired or, three besants; a canton erminois. 3. Quarterly, per fesse indented sable and or. 4. Per pale sable and or, a cheveron between three escallop shells, all counterchanged. 5. Gu., a lion rampant arg. Glover's _Ordinary of Arms_ would, I think, answer the above Query; and if any of your _numerous_ readers, who possess that valuable work, would refer to it in this case, they would be conferring a favour on your constant subscriber,

CID.

Would any correspondent help me to the solution of the following case?--A. was the _last_ and _only_ representative of an ancient family; he left at his decease, some years ago, a daughter and heiress who married B. Can the issue of B. (having no arms of their own) _legally_ use the arms, quarterings, crest, and motto of A., without a license from the Heralds' College?

CID.

_Lord Brougham and Horne Tooke._--In Lord Brougham's _Statesmen of the Time of George III._, he says of Mr. Horne Tooke:

"Thus he (H. T.) would hold that the law of libel was unjust and
absurd, because _libel_ means a little book."

Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." say on what occasion Tooke maintained this strange doctrine, or where his Lordship obtained his information that Tooke did maintain it?

Q.

Bloomsbury.

_Rileys of Forest Hill._--Can any of your correspondents inform me relative to the arms and motto of the Rileys of (Forest Hill) Windsor, Berks, their descent, &c.?

J. M. R.

_Fish "Lavidian."_--In some ancient acts of parliament mention is made of a fish called "lavidian," and from the regulations made concerning it, it appears to have been of such small size as to be capable of being caught in the meshes of an ordinary net. But I cannot find that this name is contained in any of the books of natural history, written by such authors as Gesner or Rondeletius. Is it at this time a common name anywhere? Or can any of your readers assist in determining the species?

J. C.

"_Poeta nascitur, non fit._"--Can any of your correspondents inform me who is the author of the well-known saying--

"Poeta nascitur, non fit"?