Chapter C: W. Bingham

_Caldecott's Translation of the New Testament_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--J. M. Caldecott, the translator of the New Testament, referred to by your correspondent S. A. S., is the son of the late ---- Caldecott, Esq., of Rugby Lodge, and was educated at Rugby School, where I believe he obtained one or more prizes as a first-class Greek and Hebrew scholar. After completing his studies at this school, his father purchased for him a commission in the East India Company's service; but soon after his arrival in India, conceiving a dislike to the army, he sold his commission and returned to England. Being somewhat singular in his notions, and altogether eccentric both in manner and appearance, he estranged himself from his family and friends, and, as I have been informed, took up his temporary abode in this city about the year 1828. Although his income was at that time little short of 300l. per annum, he had neither house nor servant of his own; but boarded in the house of a respectable tradesman, living on the plainest fare (so as he was wont to say), to enable him to give the more to feed the hungry and clothe the naked. In this way, and by being frequently imposed upon by worthless characters, he gave away, in a few years, nearly all his property, leaving himself almost destitute: and, indeed, would have been entirely so, but for a weekly allowance made to him by his mother (sometime since deceased), on which he is at the present time living in great obscurity in one of our large seaport towns; but may be occasionally seen in the streets with a long beard, and a broad-brimmed hat, addressing a group of idlers and half-naked children. I could furnish your correspondent S. A. S. with more information if needful.

T. J.

Chester.

_Blue Bells of Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 388. Vol. ix., p. 209.).--Surely [W (black-letter)] of Philadelphia is right in supposing that the Blue Bell of Scotland, in the ballad which goes by that name, is a bell painted blue, and used as the sign of an inn, and not the flower so called, as asserted by HENRY STEPHENS, unless indeed there be an older ballad than the one commonly sung, which, as many of your readers must be aware, contains this line,--

"He dwells in merry Scotland,
At the _sign_ of the Blue Bell."

I remember to have heard that the popularity of this song dates from the time when it was sung on the stage by Mrs. Jordan.

Can any one inform me whether the air is ancient or modern?

HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE.

Guernsey.

"_De male quæsitis gaudet non tertius hæres_" (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--The quotation here wanted has hitherto been neglected. The words may be found, with a slight variation, in _Bellochii Praxis Moralis Theologiæ, de casibus reservatis, &c._, Venetiis, 1627, 4to. As the work is not common, I send the passage for insertion, which I know will be acceptable to other correspondents as well as to the querist:

"Divino judicio permittitur ut tales surreptores rerum sacrarum diu
ipsis rebus furtivis non lætentur, sed imo ab aliis nequioribus furibus
præfatæ res illis {601} abripiantur, ut de se ipso fassus est ille, qui
in suis ædibus hoc distichon inscripsit, ut refert Jo. Bonif., lib. de
furt., § contrectatio, num. 134. in fin.:

'Congeries lapidum variis constructa rapinis,
Aut uret, aut ruet, aut raptor alter habebit.'

Et juxta illud:

'De rebus male acquisitis, non gaudebit tertius hæres.'

Lazar (de monitorio), sect. 4. 9. 4., num. 16., imo nec secundus, ut
ingenuè et perbellè fatetur in suo poemate, nostro idiomate Jerusalem
celeste acquistata, cant. x. num. 88. Pater Frater Augustinus Gallutius
de Mandulcho, ita canendo:

'D'un' acquisto sacrilego e immondo,
Gode di rado il successor secondo,
Pero che il primo e mal' accorto herede
Senza discretion li da di piedi.'"

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

_Mawkin_ (Vol. ix., pp. 303. 385.).--Is not _mawkin_ merely a corruption for _mannikin_? I strongly suspect it to be so, though Forby, in his _Vocabulary of East Anglia_, gives the word _maukin_ as if peculiar to Norfolk and Suffolk, and derives it, like L., from _Mal_, for Moll or Mary.

F. C. H.

This word, in the Scottish dialect spelt _maukin_, means a hare. It occurs in the following verse of Burns in _Tam Samson's Elegy_:

"Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a';
Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw;
Ye _maukins_, cock your fud fu' braw,
Withouten dread;
Your mortal fae is now awa',
Tam Samson's dead!"

KENNEDY MCNAB.

"_Putting a spoke in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351. 576.).--There is no doubt that "putting a spoke in his wheel" is "offering an obstruction." But I have always understood the "spoke" to be, not a radius of the wheel, but a bar put between the spokes at right angles, so as to prevent the turning of the wheel; a rude mode of "locking," which I have often seen practised. The correctness of the metaphor is thus evident.

WM. HAZEL.

_Dog Latin_ (Vol. viii., p. 523.).--The return of a sheriff to a writ which he had not been able to serve, owing to the defendant's secreting himself in a swamp, will be new to English readers. It was "Non come-at-ibus in swampo."

Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the motto of the United States has been "E pluribus unum." A country sign-painter in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, painted "E pluribur unibus," instead of it on a sign.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Swedish Words current in England_ (Vol. vii., pp. 231. 366.).--Very many Swedish words are current in the north of England, _e. gr._ _barn_ or _bearn_ (Scotticè _bairn_), Sw. _barn_; _bleit_ or _blate_, bashful, Sw. _blöd_; to _cleam_, to fasten, to spread thickly over, Sw. _klemma_; _cod_, pillow, Sw. _kudde_; to _gly_, to squint, Sw. _glo_; to _lope_, to leap, Sw. _löpa_; to _late_ (Cumberland), to seek, Sw. _leta_; _sackless_, without crime, Sw. _saklös_; _sark_, shirt, Sw. _särk_; to _thole_ (Derbyshire), to endure, Sw. _tala_; to _walt_, to totter, to overthrow, Sw. _wälta_; to _warp_, to lay eggs, Sw. _wärpa_; _wogh_ (Lancashire), wall, Sw. _wägg_, &c. It is a fact very little known, that the Swedish language bears the closest resemblance of all modern languages to the English as regards grammatical structure, not even the Danish excepted.

SUECAS.

_Mob_ (Vol. viii., p. 524.).--I have always understood that this word was derived from the Latin expression _mobile vulgus_, which is, I believe, in Virgil.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

"_Days of my Youth_" (Vol. viii., p. 467.).--In answer to the inquiry made a few months since, whether Judge St. George Tucker, of Virginia, was the author of the lines beginning--

"Days of my youth."

the undersigned states that he was a friend and relative of Judge Tucker, and knows him to have been the author. They had a great run at the time, and found their way not only into the newspapers, but even into the almanacs of the day.

G. T.

Philadelphia.

_Encore_ (Vol. viii., pp. 387. 524.).--A writer in an English magazine, a few years ago, proposed that the Latin word _repetitus_ should be used instead of _encore_. Among other advantages he suggested that the people in the gallery of a theatre would pronounce it _repeat-it-us_, and thus make English of it.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge_ (Vol. ix., p. 493.).--Your correspondent will find his question answered by referring to the _History of the Royal Family_, 8vo., Lond., 1741, pp. 119. 156. For an account of this book, which is founded upon the well-known Sandford's _Genealogical History_, see Clarke's _Bibliotheca Legum_, edit. 1819, p. 174.

T. E. T.

Islington.

_Right of redeeming Property_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).--This right formerly existed in Normandy, and, I believe, in other parts of France. In the bailiwick of Guernsey, the laws of which are based on the ancient custom of Normandy, the right is still exercised, although it has been abolished for some years in the neighbouring island of Jersey. {602}

The law only applies to real property, which, by the Norman custom, was divided in certain proportions among all the children; and this right of "retrait," as it is technically termed, was doubtless intended to counteract in some measure the too minute division of land, and to preserve inheritances in families. It must be exercised within a year of the purchase. For farther information on the subject, Berry's _History of Guernsey_, p. 176., may be consulted.

HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE.

Guernsey.

_Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house_ (Vol. ix., pp. 492. 552.).--I cannot but express my surprise at the learned (?) trifling of some of your correspondents on the inscription upon Lindsey Court-house. Try it thus:

"Fiat Justitia,
1619,
Hæc domus
_O_dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
_N_equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."

which will make two lines, an hexameter and a pentameter, the first letters, _O_ and _N_, having perhaps been effaced by time or accident.

NEGLECTUS.

[That this emendation is the right one is clear from the communication
of another correspondent, B. R. A. Y., who makes the same, and adds in
confirmation, "The following lines existed formerly (and do, perhaps,
now) on the Market-house at Much Wenlock, Shropshire, which will
explain their meaning:

'Hic locus
_O_dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
_N_equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.'

The _O_ and _N_, being at the beginning of the lines as given by your
correspondent, were doubtless obliterated by age."]

The restoration of this inscription proposed by me is erroneous, and must be corrected from the perfect inscription as preserved at Pistoia and Much Wenlock, cited by another correspondent in p. 552. The three inscriptions are slightly varied. Perhaps "amat pacem" is better than "amat leges," on account of the tautology with "conservat jura."

L.

_Myrtle Bee_ (Vol. ix., p. 205. &c.).--"I have carefully read and reread the articles on the myrtle bee, and I can come to no other conclusion than that it is not a bird at all, but an insect, one of the hawkmoths, and probably the humming-bird hawkmoth. We have so many indefatigable genuine _field naturalists_, picking up every straggler which is blown to our coasts, that I cannot think it possible there is a bird at all common to _any_ district of England, and yet totally unknown to science. Now, insects are often exceedingly abundant in particular localities, yet scarcely known beyond them. The _size_ C. BROWN describes as certainly not larger than _half_ that of the common wren. The humming-bird (_H. M._) is scarcely so large as this, but its vibratory motion would make it look somewhat larger than it really is. Its breadth, from tip to tip of the wings, is twenty to twenty-four lines. The myrtle bee's "short flight is rapid, steady, and direct," exactly that of the hawkmoth. The tongue of the myrtle bee is "round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing capable of penetration," not a bad _popular_ description of the suctorial trunk of the hawkmoth, from which it gains its generic name, _Macroglossa_. Its second pair of wings are of a rusty yellow colour, which, when closed, would give it it the appearance of being "tinged with yellow about the vent." It has also a tuft of scaly hairs at the extremity of the abdomen, which would suggest the idea of a tail. In fact, on the wing, it appears very like a little bird, as attested by its common name. In habit it generally retires from the mid-day sun, which would account for its being "put up" by the dogs. The furze-chat, mentioned by C. BROWN, is the _Saxicola rubetra_, commonly also called the whinchat.

WM. HAZEL.

_Mousehunt_ (Vol. ix., p. 65. &c.).--G. TENNYSON identifies the mousehunt with the beechmartin, the _very largest_ of our _Mustelidæ_, on the authority of Henley "the dramatic commentator." Was he a naturalist too? I never heard of him as such.

Now, MR. W. R. D. SALMON, who first asked the question, speaks of it as _less_ than the common weasel, and quotes Mr. Colquhoun's opinion, that it is only "the young of the year." I have no doubt at all that this is correct. The young of all the _Mustelidæ_ hunt, and to a casual observer exhibit all the actions of full-grown animals, when not more than half the size of their parents. There seems no reason to suppose that there are more than four species known in England, the weasel, the stoat or ermine, the polecat, and the martin. The full-grown female of the weasel is much smaller than the male. Go to any zealous gamekeeper's exhibition, and you will see them of many gradations in size.

WM. HAZEL.

_Longfellow's "Hyperion"_ (Vol. ix., p. 495.).--I would offer the following rather as a suggestion than as an answer to MORDAN GILLOTT. But it has always appeared to me that Longfellow has himself explained, by a simple allusion in the work, the _reason_ which dictated the name of his _Hyperion_. As the ancients fabled Hyperion to be the offspring of the heavens and the earth; so, in his aspirations, and his weakness and sorrows, Flemming (the hero of the work) personifies, as it were, the mingling of heaven and earth in the heart and {603} mind of a man of true nobility. The passage to which I allude is the following:

"Noble examples of a high purpose, and a fixed will! Do they not move,
Hyperion-like, on high? Were they not likewise sons of heaven and
earth?"--Book iv. ch. 1.

SELEUCUS.

_Benjamin Rush_ (Vol. ix., p. 451.).--INQUIRER asks "Why the freedom of Edinburgh was conferred upon him?" I have looked into the Records of the Town Council, and found the following entry:

"4th March, 1767. The Council admit and receive Richard Stocktoun,
Esquire, of New Jersey, Councillour at Law, and Benjamin Rush, Esquire,
of Philadelphia, to be burgesses and gild brethren of this city, in the
most ample form."

But there is no reason assigned.

JAMES LAURIE, Conjoint Town Clerk.

_Quakers executed in North America_ (Vol. ix., p. 305.).--A fuller account of these nefarious proceedings is detailed in an abstract of the sufferings of the people called Quakers, in 2 vols., 1733; vol. i. (Appendix) pp. 491-514., and in vol. iii. pp. 195-232.

E. D.

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17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8
22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6
27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

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ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:

LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.

MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially asked for.

When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.

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CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on application.

CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 24. 1854.