Chapter L: B. L

* * * * *

NORTH SIDE OF CHURCHYARDS.

(Vol. ii., pp. 93. 253.; Vol. iii., p. 125.)

Your correspondents on this subject have generally taken it as granted, that the prejudice against burying in this portion of the churchyard is almost universal. In a former communication (Vol. ii., p. 93.) I stated that there are at least some exceptions. Since that time I have visited perhaps a hundred churchyards in the counties of York, Derby, Stafford, Bucks, Herts, and Oxford, and in nearly half of these burial had evidently been long since practised on the north side of the several churches. The parish church of Ashby de la Zouch is built so near the south wall of the churchyard, that the north must clearly have been designed for sepulture. I was incumbent of an ancient village church in that neighbourhood, which is built in the same manner, with scarcely any ground on the south, the north being large and considerably raised by the numerous interments which have taken place in it. It has also some old tombs, which ten years ago were fast falling to decay. The part south of the church contains very few graves, and all apparently of recent date.

In my former communication I mentioned, that in this churchyard burial has been chiefly, till of late, on the north side of the church; and, since that communication, a vault has been made on the south side, which has convinced us the ground had never before been there broken up. The soil is chalk; whereas, whenever a grave is made on the north side, human dust and bones are so {333} abundant, that the chalk soil has almost lost its nature.

Till more light can be thrown on the subject than what has yet appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I cannot but retain my original opinion, viz., that the favourite part of interment, in earlier times, was that nearest the principal entrance into the church. The original object of burying in churches and churchyards was the better to insure for the dead the prayers of the worshippers, as they assembled for public devotion. Hence the churchyard nearest the entrance into church would be most in request. The origin of the prejudice for the south side, which I believe to be of recent date, may, I doubt not, be ascertained from any superstitious cottager who entertains it. "It would be so cold, sir," said one to me, "to be always lying where the sun would never shine on me."

If your correspondent on this subject in Vol. iii., p. 125., would ask an old inhabitant of his parish which is the _backside_ of their church, and why it is so called? he would probably come at the fact. I would refer him to Burn's _History of Parish Registers_, page 96., foot-note, where he will find it stated that "a part of the churchyard was sometimes left unconsecrated, for the purpose of burying excommunicated persons."

W. HASTINGS KELKE.

Drayton Beauchamp.

_North Side of Churchyards._--Your correspondents seem to be agreed as to the facts, not as to the origin of the objection. I suspect MR. HAWKER (Vol. ii., p. 253.) is nearest the truth; and the following, from _Coverdale on Praying for the Dead_, may help to strengthen his conjecture:

"As men die, so shall they arise: _if in faith_ in the Lord _towards
the south_, they need no prayers; they are presently happy, and shall
arise in glory: _if in unbelief_ without the Lord _towards the north_,
then are they past all hope."

N. S.

_North Side of Churchyards_ (Vol. ii., pp. 253. 346.).--The subjoined extract from Bishop Wilkins's _Discourse concerning a New Planet, tending to prove that it is probable our Earth is one of the Planets_, 8vo., 1640, pp. 64-66., will serve to illustrate the passage from Milton, of the north being "the devoted region of Satan and his hosts:"

"It was the opinion of the Jewish rabbies, that man was created with
his face to the east; therefore the Hebrew word signifies _ante_, or
the east; _post_, or the west; _dextra_, or the south; _sinistra_, or
the north. You may see all of them put together in that place of Job
xxiii. 8, 9.: 'Behold I go forward, and he is not there; and backward,
but I cannot perceive him: on the left hand, where he doth work, but I
cannot behold him. He hideth himself on the right hand, that I cannot
see him.' Which expressions are, by some interpreters, referred unto
the four coasts of heaven, according to the common use of those
original words. From hence it is that many of the ancients have
concluded hell to be in the north, which is signified by the left hand;
unto which side, our Saviour tells us, that the goats shall be divided.
Which opinion likewise seems to be favoured by that place in Job xxvi.
6, 7., where it is said, "Hell is naked before God, and destruction
hath no covering.' And presently it is added, 'He stretcheth out the
north over the empty place.' Upon these grounds, St. Jerome interprets
that speech of the Preacher, Eccles. xi. 3.: 'If the tree fall toward
the south, or toward the north, in the place where the tree falleth,
there shall it be,' concerning those who shall go either to heaven or
hell. And in this sense also do some expound that of Zechariah (xiv.
4.), where it is said that 'the Mount of Olives shall cleave in the
midst: half of it shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward
the south.' By which it is intimated, that amongst those Gentiles, who
shall take upon them the profession of Christ, there are two sorts:
some that go to the north, that is, to hell; and others to the south,
that is, to heaven. And therefore it is, say they, that God so often
threatens evil out of the north: and upon this ground it is, saith
Besoldus, that there is no religion that worships that way. We read of
the Mahometans, that they adore towards the south; the Jews towards the
west; Christians towards the east; but none to the _north_."

J. Y.

Hoxton.

* * * * *

THE ROLLIAD, AND SOME OF ITS WRITERS.

(Vol. iii., p. 276.)

MR. DAWSON TURNER asks for information regarding three writers in the _Rolliad_, viz.: Tickell, Richardson, and Fitzpatrick. Memoirs of the first two are given in Chalmers's _Dictionary_; but in Moore's _Life of Sheridan_, MR. TURNER will find several notices of them, far more attractive than dry biographical details. They were both intimately associated with Sheridan; Tickell, indeed, was his brother-in-law. One would prefer calling them his _friends_, but steady friendship must rest upon a firmer basis than those gifts of wit, talent, and a keen sense of the ridiculous, which prevailed so largely amongst this clever trio.

Tickell's production, _Anticipation_, is still remembered from its cleverness and humour; but when every speaker introduced into its pages has long been dead, and some of them were little known to fame, the pamphlet is preserved by a few solely from the celebrity which it once possessed.

His death in 1793 was a most melancholy one. It is described by Professor Smyth in in his interesting _Memoir of Sheridan_, a book printed some years ago for distribution among his friends, and which well deserves publication.

Independent of his contributions to the _Rolliad_, {334} Richardson did little as an author. His comedy of _The Fugitive_, acted and published in 1792, was well received, and is much praised. Why has this production so completely disappeared?

General Fitzpatrick was born in 1749, and died in 1815. He was the second son of John, Earl of Upper Ossory; twice Secretary-at-War; once secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the Duke of Portland, but what he regarded as his highest distinction, and it is recorded on his tomb, was the friendship of Fox during forty years of their lives.

Some of his speeches on the union with Ireland will be found in the thirty-fourth volume of the _Parliamentary History_.

His epitaph, by himself, is inscribed on a sarcophagus in the church-yard at Sunning Hill, in which he describes himself--what his friends admitted to be truth--a politician without ambition, a writer without vanity.

Which is the true reading in the following lines by Fitzpatrick on Fox? In my copy the word "course" in the third line is erased, and the word "mind" is substituted.

"A patriot's even course he steered,
Mid Faction's wildest storms unmoved:
By all who marked his _course_ revered,
By all who knew his heart beloved."

Sheridan says most justly:

"Wit being generally founded upon the manners and characters of its own
day, is crowned in that day, beyond all other exertions of the mind,
with splendid and immediate success. But there is always something that
equalises. In return, more than any other production, it suffers
suddenly and irretrievably from the hand of Time."

Still some publications, from their wit and brilliancy, are sufficiently buoyant to float down to posterity. The publication in question, the _Rolliad_, is one; the _Anti-Jacobin_ another. You may not be unwilling, in your useful pages, to give a list of some of the writers in the latter publication. My own copy of it is marked from that belonging to one of the writers, and is as follows:--

Nos. 1. 4. 9. 19. 26, 27--33., by Mr George Ellis.
Nos. 6. and 7., by Messrs. Ellis and Frere.
Nos. 20, 21, 22. 30--36., by Mr. Canning.
No. 10. by M.; No. 13. by C. B.; No. 39. by N.

To the remaining numbers, neither names nor initials are affixed. Can any of your readers explain the initials, M., C. B., and N., and give us the authors of the _remaining_ numbers?

In replying to Mr. TURNER'S Queries, I shall attend to the wish expressed by so old and so valued a friend, and substitute for initials, of which he disapproves, the name of

J. H. MARKLAND.

* * * * *

RICHARDSON--TICKELL--FITZPATRICK.

(Vol. iii., p. 276.)

I am much surprised at MR. DAWSON TURNER'S inquiry about these names. I will not say with him that, "not to know them argues himself unknown." On the contrary, my wonder is, that one, himself so well and so favourably known as MR. TURNER, should have need to ask such a question about men with whom, or, at least, with whose fame, he must have been a contemporary, presuming, as I do, that he is the same MR. DAWSON TURNER with whose works we have been acquainted for above half a century. Since, however, he has made the Query, I will answer it as succinctly as I can.

The Right Honourable Richard Fitzpatrick was the only brother of the last Earl of Upper Ossory, and prominent in fashion, in politics, and in elegant literature, and not undistinguished as a soldier. He sat in _nine_ successive parliaments (in two which I knew him). As early as 1782 he was Secretary for Ireland, and in 1783 Secretary-at-War, which office he again filled in 1806. In the galaxy of opposition wits, when opposition was wittiest, Fitzpatrick was generally admitted to be the first, and there were those who thought him _in general powers_ superior even to Fox and Sheridan. His oratory, however, did not do justice to his talents, and he was both shy and indolent. His best speech was that in December, 1796, for the release of Lafayette, to which even the ridicule of the _Anti-Jacobin_ allowed the merit of pathetic eloquence. His share in the _Rolliad_ was considerable, and there are many other sprightly and some elegant specimens of his poetical talents scattered through various publications. I wish they were collected.

Richard Tickell, the grandson of Addison's friend, and brother-in-law to Sheridan, was the author of _Anticipation_, one of the liveliest political pamphlets ever written. He published many occasional poems, the best of which is a poetical "Epistle from Charles Fox, partridge shooting, to Lord John Townsend, cruising." MR. DAWSON TURNER will find more about him in the _Biographical Dictionary_.

Joseph Richardson, who died in 1803, was M.P. for Newport in three parliaments. He was an intimate friend of Sheridan's, and partner with him in Drury Lane Theatre. He wrote a play, entitled _The Fugitive_; but he is only remembered for his contributions (whatever they were) to the _Rolliad_. In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ (vol. lxxiii. p. 602.), MR. DAWSON TURNER will find a longer notice of him.

There are a few remarks on the authors of the _Rolliad_ in Moore's _Life of Sheridan_, i. 420.

C.

* * * * * {335}

QUAKERS' ATTEMPT TO CONVERT THE POPE.

(Vol. iii., p. 302.)

I have never met with any satisfactory account of this singular Quaker aggression. Perhaps it may be a contribution towards one if you can find room for some notice of a tract in my possession. It is entitled, _A Narrative of some of the Sufferings of J. P. in the City of Rome. London, printed for Thomas Simmons, at the Bull and Mouth, near Aldersgate_, 1661, 4to., pp. 16. This narrative of John Perrot's does not, however, give any particulars respecting his going to Rome, or the proceedings which led to his captivity there, but begins with the words--

"When I was cast into Prison, because I loved the souls of my enemies,"
&c.;

and after eight pages, chiefly occupied by inflated description of his sorrows, from which one obtains no facts, he tells us that God took pity on him,

"And raised up his little babe, my dear Brother Thomas Hart, to set his
tender soul nearer unto my sufferings, and made him take my burdens on
his back, and the yoak of my tribulation on his neck, and made him sup
of my sore sorrows, and drink of the bleedings of my grief,'--

and so he goes on; but we do not learn what Thomas Hart did, except that he comforted John Perrot in his confinement.

"Moreover," he says, "the everlasting mercies of my God did stir up the
bowels of other two of his tender babes, named in the tent Jane Stokes
and Charles Baylie, to come to visit me whilest I was as forsaken of
all men."

They persevered, he tells us,

"in their pilgrimage until they arrived to Rome, where C. B. offered
his life to ransom me, and both of them entered into captivity for the
love which they bore to my life."

His _Narrative_ (strictly speaking) contains no further information, but that at the bottom of the tenth page it is dated and signed,

"Written in Rome Prison of Madmen. JOHN."

The remaining six pages of the pamphlet consist of a letter from Charles Baylie, giving an account of his pilgrimage with Jane Stokes, from Dover to Calais, Paris, Marseilles, Genoa, until

"Arriving," he says, "safe at Rome, we were drawn in our lives directly
to the place where the dearly beloved J. P. was, and coming to the
prison door, I enquired for him, and having answer of his being there,
I desired for to speak with him, but it would not be permitted us; So
it was said in me, _Write unto him_, which I did, the which he answered
us in the fulness of love, which refreshed us after our weary steps;
For our souls were refreshed one in another, though one another's faces
we had never seen to the outward, and then we being kept in a holy fear
not to do nor act one way nor other, but as we were moved of the Lord,
least we should add to his bonds,--I say, being thus kept, we were
delivered out of the snare of the fowler, who secretly lay in wait to
betray our innocency; And after a little time the Lord showed me I
should go to the inquisition, which I did, and enquired for the
Inquisitor, as I was showed of the Lord I should do; and when I spoke
to him I told him _I was come from England for to see my brother
J. P._; to which he answered, _I should see him_, and appointed me to
come to a certain place called _Minerva_, and there, saith he, _I will
procure you the liberty of the Cardinalls to see him_; he had me also
to the Inquisition office, where he asked many questions of me
concerning our religion, to which I answered in the simplicity of my
heart in the fear of the Lord; and at the appointed time I came to the
place aforesaid, and there I was showed what further I should do, which
was to tender my body for my brother; and so from that time I hardly
missed opportunity to speak to them as often as they met: for their
manner was thus to meet twice a-week, the one time at _Minerva_, and
the other time at _Monte-Cavallo_, where the Pope's own dwelling is,
where I also did the like, more than once, which stirred them up
against me, in great enmity," &c.

I am afraid I am trespassing on your overfilled columns; but--omitting his account of his going to the Jews' synagogue, and of the command which he received to fast twenty days as a testimony against those who falsely stated that John Luffe had fasted nineteen days and died on the twentieth--omitting this, I must give one more extract. Having been detained in one of his visits to the _Minerva_, he says:

"From thence I was carried to the Inquisition, where I was shut up
close, and after I had been there 3 dayes the Lord said to me, _Thou
must go to the Pazzarella_, which was the Prison or Hospital of mad
men, where our dear brother was prisoner; and it was also said unto me,
_Thou shalt also speak to the Pope_; And at the 17 dayes end, I was led
from the Inquisition towards the other prison, and by the way I met the
Pope carried in great pomp; as it was the good will of the Lord that I
should speak unto him, men could not prevent it, for I met him towards
the foot of a bridge, where I was something nigh him, and when he came
against me, the people being on their knees on each side of him, I
cried to him with a loud voice in the Italian tongue, _To do the thing
that was Just, and to release the Innocent_; and whilest I was
speaking, the man which led me had not power to take me away until I
had done, and then he had me to prison where my endeared brother was,
where I fasted about 20 dayes as a witness against that bloody
generation," &c.

As to how they got out, he only says:

"Soon after my fast, the Lord, by an outstretched arm, wrought our
deliverance, being condemned to perpetual galley-slavery, if ever we
returned again unto Rome."

It appears, however, that though thus prevented from exercising his office of a missionary in Rome, Charles Baylie did not relinquish it. In the letter just quoted he informs his correspondent (who this was does not appear), that since he had seen his face, he had been several times (as he was while {336} writing) shut up in strong prisons; and the letter is dated

"The third of the sixth month, 1661. _From the Common Gaol in_ Burkdou,
_in_ France, _about thirty leagues from_ Dover, _where I am a sufferer
for speaking the Word of the Lord to two Priests, saying_, All Idols,
all Idolatries, and all Idol Priests must perish."

John Perrot seems to have considered that his mission extended over all the world. While in Rome Prison of Madmen, he wrote an address "To all people upon the face of the Earth," which he "sent thence the 8th of the 10th month, 1660;" and he was, no doubt, the author of the tract which follows it (and precedes the narrative) in my volume, entitled "Blessed openings of a day of good things to the Turks. Written to the Heads, Rulers, Ancients, and Elders of their Land, and whomsoever else it may concern," though it is only signed "JOHN." To him also, I suppose, we must ascribe another tract, _Discoveries of the Day-dawning to the Jewes. Whereby they may know in what state they shall inherit the riches and glory of Promise_. "J. P." is all that is given for the author's name on the title-page, but the tract is signed [Hebrew: JWHN], that is, John. He too, I presume, was the author of another of the tracts, _An Epistle to the Greeks, especially to those in and about Corinth and Athens, &c. Written in Egripo in the Island of Negroponte, by a Servant of the Lord: J. P._ He seems to have been at Athens on the 27th day of the 7th month, in the year accounted 1657, being the first day of the week, the day of Greek solemn worship, and to have been "conversant" with Carlo Dessio and Gumeno Stephaci, "called Greek doctors."

S. R. M.

Gloucester.

* * * * *

SNAIL-EATING.

(Vol. iii., p. 221.)

Snail-eating is by no means uncommon. When I was a youth I took a dozen snails every morning to a lady who was of a delicate constitution, and to whom they were recommended as wholesome food. They were boiled, and mixed up with milk. They were the common snail, usually found about old garden walls. A friend of mine, in walking round his garden, was in the habit of picking the snails off his fruit-trees and eating them raw. He was somewhat fastidious, for I have seen him take a snail, put it to his tongue, and reject it as not of a good flavour, and select another more agreeable to his taste. We are strange creatures of habit, especially in our feeding. I am fond of oysters, muscles, and cockles; but I do not think anything could induce me to taste a snail, a periwinkle, or a limpet.

B. H.

_Snail-eating._--This practice is very general in Italy. While residing near Florence, my attention was often attracted by a heap of fifty or one hundred very clean, empty, snail-shells, in a ditch, or under a bush; and I indulged in many vain speculations, before I could account for so strange a phenomenon.

One day, however, I happened to meet the _contadina_ coming out of my garden with a basket on her arm; and from her shy, conscious manner, and an evident wish to avoid my seeing the contents, I rather suspected she had been making free with my peaches. To my surprise, however, I found that she was laden with the delicious _frutta-di-terra_ (sometimes so called, as the Echinus, so common along the Italian coast, is called _frutta-di-mare_); and thinking that she had been collecting them simply from regard to my fruit and vegetables, I thanked her for her kind services. But she understood me ironically, and, with a good deal of confusion, offered to carry them to the kitchen, apologising most elaborately, and assuring me that she would on no account have taken them, had not our cook told her that we despised them, and that she would no doubt be welcome. I asked her what in the world she intended to do with them? and, with a look of amazement at my question, even surpassing mine at her reply, she informed me that her brother and his wife had come to pay them a visit, and that, with my kind permission, she would thus treat them to "_una bellissima cena_." She had collected about three quarts, during a search of two hours. The large brown kind only are eaten. Among the poor they are generally esteemed a delicacy, and reputed to be marvellously nutritious.

NOCAB.

* * * * *

SIR JOHN DAVIES, DAVIS, OR DAVYS.

(Vol. iii., p. 82.)

The following additional particulars of this eminent lawyer and poet may be deemed interesting. In a letter from Mr. Pary to the Rev. Josiah Mead, of the 26th November, 1626, it is stated:

"Tomorrow, it is said Sergeant Richardson shall be Lord Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas, and Sir John Davis nominated to the King's Bench,
because he hath written a book in defence of the legality of this new
Loan."

In another letter of the 9th December, 1626, it is stated:

"I heard last night that Sergeant Davis, who it is said looked to be
Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in place of Sir Randal Crew,
was found dead in his bed."

And, again, in a letter from the Rev. Josiah Mead to Sir Martin Stuteville, of the 16th Dec., 1626:

"This of the death of Sir John Davis, for aught I {337} can hear, holds
true. It is added, that he was at supper with my Lord Keeper that
evening before I was told by him that he should be Lord Chief Justice
of the King's Bench; but he lived not to see the morning. My Lord of
Huntingdon rode up, upon this news, for he is his heir."

Ferdinando Lord Hastings, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon, married Lucy, daughter and heiress of Sir John Davis, and in 1613 succeeded his father as Earl of Huntingdon.

Sir John Davis married Lady Eleanor, only daughter of the Earl of Castlehaven, and sister of the infamous Earl. She remarried Sir Archibald Douglas, and died in 1652. She was the lady of the anagram celebrity, "Reveal, oh, Daniel," and "Never so mad a lady." There is no doubt that she and her brother were as mad as could well be.

In a letter from Mr. Edward Rossingham to Sir Thomas Puckering, dated 4th January, 1636, it is stated:

"Sunday before Christmas the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of Lichfield
sent up a complaint against the Lady Eleanor Davis. It seems the
cathedral church in Lichfield is lately very beautifully set out with
hangings of arras behind the altar, the Communion table handsomely
railed in, and the table itself set out in the best manner, and the
Bishop's seat fairly built. This Lady came one Communion day, in the
morning, with a kettle in one hand and a brush in the other, to
sprinkle some of her holy water (as she called that in the kettle) upon
these hangings and the Bishop's seat, which was only a composition of
tar, pitch, sink-puddle water, &c., and such kind of nasty ingredients,
which she did sprinkle upon the aforesaid things. This being the act of
a mad woman, the Lords, to prevent further mischief, have given out two
warrants, the one to bring the Lady to Bethlehem, the other to the
keeper of Bethlehem to receive her. There are messengers gone into
Staffordshire to bring her up."

It appeared afterwards she was so poor, that it became a question at the Council who should maintain her. She seems to have been wholly neglected by her second husband.

Sir John Davis and his lady are buried in the church of St. Martin's in the Fields, and the following are their epitaphs, from Strype's _Stow_, book vi. p. 72.:

"D. O. M. S. Johannes Davys, Equestris ordinis quondam Attornati Regis
Generalis amplissima Provincia in regno Hib. functus. Inde in Patriam
revocatus inter Servientes Domini Regis ad Legem primum locum
sustinuit. Ob. 1626."

"Acc[=u]bat dignissimo marito incomparabilis Uxor, &c., 1652."

"_Note._--She was the Lady Eleanora, the only daughter of the Earl of
Castlehaven, Baron Audley."

W. H. LAMMIN.

Fulham, April 15. 1851.

* * * * *

LOCKE MSS.

(Vol. ii., p. 413.)

In reference to an inquiry after MSS. relating to Locke, I enclose particulars of a small 4to. MS. volume in my possession.

THOMAS KERSLAKE.

"_MANUSCRIPT._--LOCKE'S (John, _an Attorney living at Publow, and
father of the illustrious Metaphysician of the same name_) Common-Place
Book, containing Matters (relating to the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton,
Kainsham, Brewton, Catsashe, Norton Ferris, Horethorne, Froome,
Wellowe, Whitstone, Wells Forum, Portbury, Bathe Forum, Winterstoke,
Bempstone, Kilmersdon, Brent, Hartliffe and Bedminster, Hampton and
Claverton, and Phillips Norton Liberties, Glaston, Queene Camell, &c.)
of daily use to him as Court Keeper to Col. Alex. Popham, a Magistrate
and Leader of Parliamentary Forces in Somersetsh., _variously dated
from 1629 to 1655, all in the handwriting of the elder John
Locke_,--also many entries by other hands of other matters, in the
remaining leaves of the same volume, many of which are probably in the
handwriting of the afterwards distinguished younger John Locke, _4to.
original vellum wrapper, 12l. 12s._

Contains:--

Entries of Bailments and Bindings over of Prosecutors in cases of
Felony which occurred in the neighbourhood of Pensford, for the Assizes
at Bath, Taunton, Bridgewater, and Wells, 1630-31.

Appointment at Bathe of Overseers of Woollen Cloth, 1631, for Chew,
Dundry, Chewstoke, Ubley, Mids. Norton, Kainsham, Publow, Kelston,
Mounton Coombe, Bathford, Bathwicke, Freshford, Weston, Froome, Rode,
Beckington, Lullington, Berkley, Chew, Mells, and Leigh, Colsford,
Hampton et Claverton, Batheaston, Charterhouse Hinton, with the names
of the Overseers.

Scotch Postures (Humorous).

Names of the Tithings in the Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham.

Abp. Usher on the Liturgie and Episcopall Government, 1640.

The Sums of the Payment of each Tithing of the above hundreds of the
1st of 15th and 10th of the Subsidy of 3-15ths and 10ths to K. James,
to declare war against Spain, 1623-4.

The Yearlie Proportion of the Severall Hundreds of the Easterne
Division of the Countie towarde the releife of the Hospitall,
1632.--Ditto, Westerne Division.

The Yearlie Rate for the Maymed Soldiers of every Hundred and Libertie
within this County of Somerset.

The Rate of Kainsham Hundred, with the amount of each Parish.

A Rate devised at Hinton in 1601, for the raising of 100 men for
Ireland, with consent of the Bath Magistrates, and their names.

The number and proportion of Shipping within Englande and Wales, to be
made readie against Mar. 1, 1635.

Hundred of Kainsham, Quarterlie Payment of each tithing to the
Hospitalls and Maymed Soldiers.

A Rate made at Pensford 23rd Sept., 1635, for the raising of 160l.
{338}

The Assizes holden at Bathe, 24th July, 1637, before the Right Honble.
S. Fynch,--the Names of the Justices (among whom are John Stowell,
Ralph Hopton, John Horner, Rob. Hopton, John Harington, &c.), and the
Names of the Grand Jury.

Subsidie 17th Charles:--A Particular how each Tithing within the
Hundreds of Chew, Chewton, and Kainsham stands chardged, for the
Reliefe of his Maties Army and the Northerne parte of the Kingdom,
Thomas Hunt of Dundry, Collector.

The Protestation by Order of Parliament, 5^o Maij, 1641,--with Jo.
Locke's acceptance of the Protestation in the Parish Church of Publoe,
3rd Apr., 1642.

Kainsham:--The "Purblinde, Partiall, and Innovated Rate" of this Hund.,
24th Sept., 1649.

Kainsham Hund.--A Rate for Ship-money--with the Particulars of every
Tithing, Parish, and Particular Person chardged--contains the name of
every rateable person in the parishes of Burnet, Preston, Stanton Drew,
Stanton Prior, Salford, Publoe, Marksbury, Chelworth, Shrubwell,
Belluton, Compton Dando, Farmborrow, Chewton, Whitchurch, Charlton,
Brislington, and Kainsham, with the amount of this celebrated tax
assessed to each person.

The Names of the Lords Lieutenants nominated by the Howse of Comons,
1641.

The Muster Roll of the Collonell Sir Rawfe Hopton, Knight, his Band of
200 foote Soldiers, within the Eastern Division, and Regiment of the
Countie of Somerset.--Bathe, xxi^o xxij^{do} Maij, 1639.--(Contains, a
List of the Officers, "William Tynte," &c.--a list of bearers of Pikes,
with the Names of the Soldiers and of the gentlemen or tithings for
whom they serve,--also a similar list of the bearers of "Shott.")

A list of Parishes in the Deaneries of Froome and Bedminster, with the
name of the Clergyman of each, the arms supplied by him, and the Names
of the men who bore them.

A Rate for raising L41-00-03 per mensem, in the hund. of Kainsham, for
Generall Fairfax Army, 1648.

Several Papers relating to Differences concerning Rates between the In
Hundred and Out Hundred of Kainsham.

Particulars and Value of Feer's Tenement, in Belluton, now in the
possession of Henry Stickland, given in by him this day, 24 Dec., 1655.

Rente to my Landlord, Coll. Alex. Popham, out of the 3 Tenements I hold
in Publoe, and the Lives thereon at the time of their obtaining, 1650.

A Receipt for his Rente at Publoe, 3. 8bris & 11 Dec., 1638.

_The above are in the handwriting of Jo. Locke, the elder; in another
hand, on blank covers, left by the former, are_--Propositions on

Philosophy:--Phisicke, Ethike, and Dialectike.
De Providentia Dei et ad genus.
De Praedestinatione.
Propositiones Catholicae.

N.B. One of the later chapters of the Essay on the Human Understanding
is treated under propositions nearly identical with the leaf of the MS.
which is described in the preceding four lines.

Copia Actus locationis Mensae Dominicae in Ecclesia S. Gregorij
Civitatis London.
Character of Drunkenness (_Rhyme_), &c. &c.

At the end, in several hands, are various receipts: one in the elder
Locke's handwriting, 'The Weapon Salve, and the use thereof, as it was
sent unto mee as a most excellent and rare secret from my Cosin
Alderman John Locke[5], of Bristoll, in his Letter, dat. 5^o Apr.
1650,'--also 'To make Shineing Inke', signed 'J L: Ox:'

On the last leaf is a record of the Births, Marriages and Deaths of the
Locke Family, from 1603 to 1624, including that of John Locke, the
father, 29 April, 1606."

[Footnote 5: High Sheriff of Bristol in 1626, and the Mayor of Bristol in 1641 who refused admittance to the royal forces. See Barrett and Seyer.]

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Defoe's Anticipations_ (Vol. iii., p. 287.).--Defoe had probably seen the English translation, or rather abridgment, of Father Dos Santos's _Ethiopia Oriental_, in Purchas's _Pilgrimes_ (vol. ii. 1544, fol. ed.), in which some hints are given of the great lake (nyassi, _i. e._ sea) Maravi, which lies nearly parallel with the eastern coast, and was known to D'Anville, in whose map _Massi_ is misengraved for Niassi. A very careful examination of the Portuguese expeditions across the continent of Africa has been given by Mr. Cooley, in the _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_ (vol. xv. p. 185.; xvi. p. 138.), and he has ascertained, approximately, the extent and position of that great lake, which, from distrust of D'Anville, one of the most exact geographers, had been expunged from all modern maps. It is considerably to the N. and E. of the Nyami lately determined, and of much greater extent.

ANATOL.

_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--The work entitled _Discovery of a New World, or a Description of the South Indies, hitherto unknown, by an English Mercury, imprinted by E. Blount_, no date, 12mo., is not, as our correspondent supposes, very rare, nor is it by Bishop Hall. It is a free translation, or rather paraphrase, and an excellent one in its way, by John Healey, of Bishop Hall's very entertaining _Mundus Alter et Idem_, first published in 12mo., Francof., without date, afterwards reprinted with Campanella's _Civitas Solis_ and Bacon's _Atlantis_ at Utrecht, 1643, 24mo., and subsequently included in the edition of Bishop Hall's works by Pratt, 10 vols., Lond., 1808, 8vo. The epitaph quoted is not a satire upon any statesman of the time. The writer is describing the Land of Changeableness, or, as it is called in the Latin original, "Variana vel Moronia Mobilis," and gives in the course of his description this epitaph on Andreas Vortunius (a vertendo), or, as he is styled in the English {339} translation, "Andrew Turncoate." The epitaph occurs in p. 132. of the Latin edition of 1643, and is evidently, as indicated by the marginal notes, an imitation or parody of the famous one on AEelia Laelia Crispis, which has exercised the ingenuity of so many writers, and of which our own countryman, Richard White, of Basingstoke, the historian, has given three different interpretations. See his _AElia Laelia Crispis, Epitaphium Antiquum quod in Agro Bononiensi adhuc videtur, a diversis interpretatum varie, novissime autem a Richardo Vito explicatum_, Padua, 1568, 4to. An article on this epitaph and its various interpreters, of whom I have collected about forty, might be made a very interesting one.

JAMES CROSSLEY.

[We wish MR. CROSSLEY--than whom no one is more competent--would favour
us with such an article. The following communication from MR. FORBES is
only one of several we have received, showing that the interest in this
enigma is not abated.]

_Epitaph in Hall's Discovery_ (Vol. iii., p. 242.).--When this epitaph is assigned to its right owner, it may perhaps throw some light on its twin-brother--the epitaph on "AElia Laelia Crispis"--"_about which many of the learned have puzzled their heads_." (See _Encyc. Brit._, article "AEnigma.") I enclose a copy of this epitaph, which you can use or not, as you please. If you think that it might help to "unearth" Mister Andrew Turnecoate, you may perhaps like to lay it before your readers; if, on the other hand, that it would but increase the difficulty of the operation by distracting attention needlessly, you can hand it over to "the Editor's best friend"--the fire.

"D. M.

AElia Laelia Crispis,
Nec vir, nec mulier,
Nec androgyna
Nec puella, nec juvenis,
Nec anus;
Nec casta, nec meretrix,
Nec pudica;
Sed omnia;
Sublata
Neque fame, neque ferro,
Neque veneno;
Sed omnibus:
Nec coelo, nec terris,
Nec aquis,
Sed ubique jacet.
Lucius Agatho Priscius,
Nec maritus, nec amator,
Nec necessarius;
Neque moerens, neque gaudens,
Neque flens;
Hanc,
Nec molem, nec pyramidem,
Nec sepulchrum,
Sed omnia,
Scit et nescit, cui posuerit."