Chapter I: Part 1

[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations--e.g. "poeple"--have not been standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top; [)u] shows a character with breve. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

VOL. V.--No. 133. SATURDAY, MAY 15. 1852.

Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._

CONTENTS.

Page

NOTES:--

Lord King, the Sclaters, Dr. Kellet, &c. 457

Passage from Dover to Calais, by J. Lewelyn Curtis 459

Popular Stories of the English Peasantry,
Nos. II. and III. 459

Goldsmith's History of Mecklenburgh, by
James Crossley 461

Folk Lore:--Eagles' Feathers--East Wind on Candlemas
Day--Placing Snuff on a Corpse 462

On a Passage in King Henry IV., Part I., Act V. Sc. 2.,
by S. W. Singer 462

Minor Notes:--Author of "Thirty days hath September"--"When
found, make a note of"--The Dodo, existing Specimen of--A
Proof that a Man can be his own Grandfather--Memoria
Technica--Portrait of George Fox--Lines on Crawfurd of
Kilbirnie 463

QUERIES:--

Where was Anne Boleyn buried? 464

Tortoiseshell Tom Cats 465

Minor Queries:--Oasis--Ballad on Shakspeare--Dr.
Toby Matthew--Hart and Mohun--Burial without Religious
Service--Ganganelli's Bible--Wherland Family--Flemish
Proverb quoted by Chaucer--Derivation of the Word
"Callis," an Almshouse--Nashe's "Terrors of the
Night"--Did Orientals ever wear Spurs?--Badges of
Noblemen in the Fifteenth Century--Sir Roger de
Coverley--Lines on Elizabeth--Twyford--Irish Titles
of Honour: The Knight of Kerry; The O'Conor Don: The
O'Gorman Mahon--Sir Hobbard de Hoy--The Moon and her
Influences--St. Ulrich's, Augsburg--The late Mr. Miller
of Craigentinny--Whipping Boys--Edwards of Essex 465

MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Polynesian Languages--Arms
of Thompson--The Silent Woman--Review of Hewett's
Memoirs of Rustat--Robert Recorde--Strange Opinions
of great Divines--Inquisitiones Post Mortem--Derivation
of Carmarthen--"Mediæval and Middle Ages"--Garlands
hung up in Churches 468

REPLIES:--

Ancient Timber Town-halls, by J. B. Whitborne 470

Old Sir Ralph Vernon 471

Old Trees: Fairlop Oak, by Shirley Hibberd 471

Taylor Family, by J. B. Whitborne 473

Replies to Minor Queries:--Portrait of Mesmer--Sleeveless
--Barbarian--"O wearisome condition"--The Meaning of "to
be a Deacon"--Dr. Richard Morton--Moravian Hymns--Junius
Rumours--Wyned--The Tradescants--Movable Organs and
Pulpits--Scologlandis and Scologi--St. Botolph--Which
are the Shadows?--Nightingale and Thorn--Groom of the
Stole--The De Clares--Book of Jasher--Chantrey's Sleeping
Children--Daniel De Foe, &c. 473

MISCELLANEOUS:--

Notes on Books, &c. 477

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 478

Notices to Correspondents 478

Advertisements 479

Notes.

LORD KING, THE SCLATERS, DR. KELLET, ETC.

_The Original Draught of the Primitive Church_, 8vo. Lond. 1717, written in reply to _An Inquiry into the Constitution and Discipline of the Primitive Church_, by Mr. Peter King, afterwards Lord Chancellor [from 1725 to 1733], and Baron King of Ockham, is usually attributed to Mr. William Sclater. Respecting this writer, whose work attained and has preserved considerable celebrity, and respecting others of his name, I forward some Notes which I have met with, and beg anxiously to solicit others from your correspondents.

In Lathbury's _History of the Nonjurors_, cap. vii. p. 303., he is thus mentioned:

"Sclater at length stepped forth [to reply to King's _Inquiry_],
and it is said that King was not only convinced by his arguments,
but that he made him an offer of a living in the Church of
England. Sclater was a nonjuring clergyman; consequently he could
not accept preferment in the Anglican Church, which involved the
taking the oath of allegiance. All the arguments in King's book
were considered with the greatest candour and ability. The author
was a man of singular modesty, of unaffected piety, and of
uncommon learning, of which this work affords abundant evidence."

Dr. Hinds, the present Bishop of Norwich, in his _History of the Rise and early Progress of Christianity_, Preface, page xv., 1st edit., thus speaks:

"Lord King wrote his once celebrated _Inquiry_ in an honest and
candid spirit, as the result testifies; but his research was
partial, and led him to adopt the congregational principle of the
Independents. In Mr. Sclater's reply, principles scarcely less
erroneous may be pointed out; yet, as far as the controversy went,
he was right, and his opponent, by an act of candour perhaps
unexampled, acknowledged himself convinced, and gave Sclater
preferment for his victory."

Lord Campbell, however, in his _Lives of the Chancellors_, vol. iv. p. 369., discredits the idea of this conversion. He says:

"This work [the _Inquiry_] made a great sensation, passed through
several editions, and called forth many learned and able answers,
particularly one by a nonjuring clergyman of the name of Sclater,
which is said (_I believe without authority_) even to have made a
convert of King himself."

These are the only notices of Sclater which have fallen in my way.[1] I should remark, that his _Original Draught_ is anonymous. He merely styles himself "a Presbyter of the Church of England."

[Footnote 1: [We have met with two other accounts of the
Chancellor's conversion, both varying in a few particulars with
the extracts given by our correspondent. Archdeacon Daubeny, in
his work on _Schism_, p. 235., says, "Lord Chancellor King was at
one time of his life so determined an advocate for
Presbyterianism, and considered himself so perfectly acquainted
with the merits of that subject, that he published a book upon it.
To this book an answer was written by one Sclater, a clergyman,
under the title of _A Draught of the Primitive Church_, which
brought the point at issue within a short compass, and decided it
in the most satisfactory manner. This book the author did not live
to publish. It happened, however, that the author's manuscript
after his death, came into the hands of the Lord Chancellor, who
was so perfectly satisfied with its contents, that he published
Sclater's manuscript at his own expense, as the strongest proof
that could be given to the world of the alteration of his own
views on the subject in question." The other version occurs in the
_Gentleman's Mag._ for Oct. 1792, p. 910.:--"There is a
circumstance relating to Lord King's book, and Mr. Sclater's
answer to it, very little known, but which to me comes vouched
with unquestionable authenticity. Before Mr. Sclater's book was
published, it was read in manuscript by Lord King himself, it
having been seized, among other papers, in the house of Mr.
Nathanael Spinkes, a Nonjuring bishop, and carried to Lord King,
then Chancellor, who very politely returned it, confessing that it
was a very sufficient confutation of those parts of his book which
it undertook to answer; that it was written with equal Christian
temper and moderation, and unanswerable strength of argument; and
desiring or consenting that it might be published."--ED.]]

Of another William Sclater I find two notices in _Miscellanies of Divinitie divided into three Books, by Edvvard Kellet, Doctour of Divinitie, and one of the Canons of the Cathedrall Church of Exon_, fol. Cambridge, 1635:

"Melchisedec was a figure of Christ, and tithes by an everlasting
law were due to the priesthood of Melchisedec, as is unanswerably
proved by my reverend friend (now a blessed saint, Doctor
Sclater), against all sacrilegious church-robbers."

B. i. c. v. p. 83.

Again:

"When that man of happy memory, the late right Reverend, now most
blessed Saint, Arthur Lake, Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells [from
1616 to 1626], appointed Doctour Sclater (now also a saint in
Heaven, then my most loving friend, and sometime fellow-collegian
in the two royall colledges at Eaton and Cambridge) with myself to
confer with an Anabaptisticall woman, we heard her determine great
Depths of Divinitie as confidently as ever St. Paul did, though he
was taught by Christ himself, and as nimbly as ever an ape crackt
nuts," &c.

_Ibid._ c. viii. p. 151.

This Dr. William Sclater, then, was of Eton, and Fellow of King's College; was the author of a work on Tithes; and probably beneficed in the diocese of Bath and Wells during the episcopate of Lake, who preceded Laud in that see. To him also we may probably ascribe _The Exposition on the first three Chapters of Romans_, published by a person of this name in 1611. As in 1635 he is spoken of as dead, he could, if connected at all with the author of _The Original Draught_, hardly have been his father. He may have been his grandfather.

There is another Sclater, who may have been father of Lord King's opponent,--Dr. Edward Sclater, who in 1686 published _Consensus Veterum; or the Reasons for his Conversion to the Catholic Faith_. He was incumbent of Esher and of Putney, and, as such, obtained a curious dispensation from all pains, penalties, and forfeitures of non-residence on his benefices, accompanied by a license to keep a school, and to take "boarders, tablers, or sojourners," direct from the king, James II. This document may be found in Gutch's _Collectanea Curiosa_, No. 36., vol. i. p. 290.; and the concurrence of its date (May 3, 1686) with that of the _Reasons for his Conversion_ is of ominous significancy. In 1687 he published another work, entitled _The Primitive Fathers no Protestants_; to which Edward Gee replied in his _Primitive Fathers no Papists_, in 1688. Several other tracts, addressed by Gee to this convert to the religion of the sovereign, show that there must have been a smart and long-continued controversy between them.[2]

[Footnote 2: [On the 5th of May, 1689, being Rogation Sunday, Dr.
Edward Sclater made a public recantation of the Romish religion,
and was readmitted into the bosom of the English Church, in the
chapel at the Savoy. The sermon was preached by Burnet, the
newly-consecrated Bishop of Salisbury. (Wood's _Athenæ_, vol. iv.
p. 700. (Bliss.))--ED.]]

Having contributed all that I can collect respecting the Sclaters, I should be obliged to any of your correspondents who may be able to add any further notices, or to show whether they were connected or not as members of the same family.

Dr. Edward Kellet is mentioned by Wood, in _Fasti Oxonienses_, anno 1616, as rector of Ragborough and Croscombe, in Somersetshire. There is no place in Somersetshire of the former name, but there is one which bears the latter. I conceive, therefore, this to be a misprint for _Bagborough_ and _Crowcombe_, parishes nearly contiguous in the western part of the county.

The _Gentleman's Magazine_ for February 1841 contains a notice of a work by Edward Kellet, entitled _Tricoenium Christi in nocte proditionis suæ: The Threefold Supper of Christ_, &c.: folio, Lond. 1641. His antipathy to tobacco must have been worthy of that of good King James himself; for, starting from the Feast of the Passover, he delivers the following violent counter-blast against the weed, and those who use it:

"The earth, ayre, and water afford not enough for their gluttony,
and though sawcy Art second Nature, nor eye nor desire is
satisfyed: the creatures groane under this grosse abuse: these are
swinish Epicures, prodigal consumers of God's blessings. Tobacco,
the never unseasonable Tobacco, the all-usefull Tobacco, good for
meate, drinke, and cloathing; good for cold, heate, and all
diseases, this must sharpen their appetites before meate, must
heate it at their meate, being the only curious antepast, sauce,
and post-past; wine and beere must wash downe the stenche of that
weede, and it again must dry up their moyst fumes."

To revert to the Sclaters, or to a name _idem sonans_. In the Hutton Correspondence, as published by the Surtees Society, at p. 65., is a letter of remonstrance, dated "10 Maye, 1582," addressed to Francis Walsingham, by the Chapter of York, respecting a dispensation that had been granted to "Mr. Doctor Gibson;" and among the signatures appears that of George Slater, who, "as one of their companie," had been despatched to deal personally "for the quietinge of the matter" with the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Huntingdon, then President of the North Mountstone.

BALLIOLENSIS.

PASSAGE FROM DOVER TO CALAIS.

The charge for conveyance of passengers between Dover and Calais was fixed by a statute made in the fourth year of the reign of Edward III., A.D. 1330, at sixpence for a foot passenger, and two shillings for a man and horse, as may be seen in the following extract from this statute:

"Item. Com avant ces heures homme a cheval soleit aver son passage
de la meer a port de Dovre pur ii, _s._ et homme apee pur vi, _d._
et ore denovel ont les gardiens de passage et passagers pris plus
a grande damage de poeple; Si est accorde que en dit port et touz
autres, et auxint en touz les autres passages de la terre,
auxibien en ewes douces, come en braz de meer, les passauntz
paient desore come ancienement soleint, et de plus ne soient
charges, ne les passagers ne gardiens des passages nient plus ne
preignent."

_Statutes of the Realm_, vol. i. p. 262.

"Item. Whereas before this time a horseman was wont to have his
passage of the sea at the port of Dover for two shillings, and a
man afoot for sixpence, and now of late have the guardians of
passage and passagemen taken more, to the great damage of the
people; so it is agreed that in the said port and all others, and
also in all the other passages of the land, so well in fresh
waters as in arms of the sea, the passengers shall pay henceforth
as anciently they were wont, and more they shall not be charged,
nor shall the passagemen nor guardians of the passages take any
more."

The present steam-packet fares between Dover and Calais are, chief-cabin eight shillings, fore-cabin six shillings, and horses twenty-five shillings; _i.e._ for a man about _seven shillings_, and for a man and horse about _thirty-two shillings_.

Hence it would appear, that the value of a shilling was sixteen times greater, five hundred years since, than it is at present. A pound troy of standard silver, from the Conquest to the 28th year of the reign of Edward I., A.D. 1300, was coined into twenty shillings; and from that time to the 23rd of Edward III., A.D. 1349, into twenty shillings and three pence. The standard of silver coin was then 11 _oz._ 2 _dwts._ pure silver, and 18 _dwts._ alloy, as it is at present; but a pound troy of standard silver is now coined into sixty-six shillings. Therefore, without taking into consideration the smaller fractions of a penny, the shilling, from the Conquest to the middle of the reign of Edward III., contained the same quantity of silver as do three shillings and three pence halfpenny of our present money. The sixpence paid by a passenger at the date of the above quoted statute, contained a quantity of silver equal to that contained in _one shilling and seven pence three farthings_; and the two shillings paid for the passage of a man and horse contained a quantity of silver equal to that contained in _six shillings and seven pence_ of our present coin of the realm.

Hence it appears that, whether it be for a man only, or for a man and horse, we now pay, for a passage between Dover and Calais, nearly five times as much silver as was paid for the same passage five or six hundred years since. It would therefore seem, that the value of silver, measured by this kind of labour, was then nearly five times greater than its value in the present day.

I suspect however that silver was then really worth much more than five times its present value; and in order to arrive at a more correct conclusion, I shall be much obliged to any correspondent of "N. & Q." who will inform me what were the usual fares by sailing-vessels before, or at the time of, the introduction of steam-packets between Dover and Calais.

J. LEWELYN CURTIS.

POPULAR STORIES OF THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY, NO. II.

(_Continued from_ p. 363.)

I am much pleased with MR. STERNBERG'S Oxfordshire version of _Die kluge Else_ (Vol. v., p. 363.). I have heard another in that county, and think the variations may be acceptable to those who are interested in our rather scanty country legends.

An old couple lived in the country on a nice bit of land of their own, and they had an only daughter whose name was Mary, and she had a sweetheart whose name was John. Now there was a garden at the back of their house with a well in it. One day, as the old man was walking in the garden, he thought a thought. He thought, "If John should have Mary, and Mary should have a child, and the child was to go tittle-tottle by the well, and to fall in, what a thing that would be;" so he sat down and cried. A little while after the old woman came into the garden and saw him, and asked him why he cried. And he told her he had thought, "If John should have Mary, and Mary should have a child, and the child should go tittle-tottle by the well, and fall in, what a thing that would be." "So it would," said the old woman; and she sat down and cried.

Mary arrives, hears the thought, and sits down and cries. John finds them crying, and says he will put on a new pair of shoes, and if, by the time they are worn out, he has not found three such big fools, he will save the child's life by not marrying Mary. He puts on the shoes, and sets out early the next morning.

Before he had gone far he came to a barn with the two doors wide open, and saw a man hard at work with a shovel, as if he was a shovelling something into the barn; but there was nothing in the shovel. "What be ye doing of, Measter?" says John. "I be a shovelling the sunshine in to dry the wheat as was carried in the wet." "What a fool ye be!" says John; "why don't you take out the sheaves, and lay 'em in the sun?" "Oh, God bless ye, Sir," says the man; "I wish ye'd come this way afore. Many a hard day's work ye'd a saved me." So John cut a notch in his stick for one fool, and went on.

He went a little further, and came to where a man was cutting at pebbles with a knife. "What be ye at, Measter?" says John. "I be a cutting of the pebbles to get at the kernels," says the man. "What a fool ye be!" says John "why don't ye get a masonter's hammer and split 'em, and then ye'll see whether there be any kernels or no." "Ah, God bless you, Sir," says the man "many a good knife ye'd a saved me if ye'd come this way afore." So John made another notch for the second fool.

The third is drawing a cow up the ladder, to eat the tussock of grass that grows every year in the thatch, and is equally thankful on being advised to cut it down and give it to the cow; for "many a good cow ye'd a saved me that I've throttled, if ye'd come this way afore." So John cut the third notch; and finding that folly was not peculiar to the family, went back and married Mary while his shoes were new. And they lived very happy, and she put a rail round the well, and the child was not drowned.

In this department of history, old women are the highest authorities, and it is desirable to fix their localities as nearly as we can. I heard the story from my nurse, a native of Souldern, Oxon., a village on the borders of Northamptonshire, and from another of Bucknel, fourteen miles north of Oxford.

A version of the _Froschkönig_ is, or was, current in the same neighbourhood.

There was a farmer that had an only daughter; and she was very handsome, but proud. One day, when the servants were all afield, her mother sent her to the well for a pitcher of water. When she had let down the bucket, it was so heavy that she could hardly draw it up again; and she was going to let loose of it, when a voice in the well said, "Hold tight and pull hard, and good luck will come of it at last." So she held tight and pulled hard; and when the bucket came up there was nothing in it but a frog, and the frog said, "Thank you, my dear; I've been a long while in the well, and I'll make a lady of you for getting me out." So when she saw it was only a frog, she took no notice, but filled her pitcher and went home.

Now, when they were at supper, there came a knock at the door, and somebody outside said,--

"Open the door, my dearest sweet one,
And think of the well in the wood;
Where you and I were together, love a keeping,
And think of the well in the wood."

So she looked out of the window, and there was the frog in boots and spurs. So says she, "I sha'n't open the door for a frog." Then says her father, "Open the door to the gentleman. Who knows what it may come to at last?" So she opened the door, and the frog came in. Then says the frog,--

"Set me a chair, my dearest sweet one,
And think," &c.

"I'm sure I sha'n't set a chair; the floor's good enough for a frog." The frog makes many requests, to all of which the lady returns uncivil answers. He asks for beer, and is told "Water is good enough for a frog;" to be put to bed, but "The cistern is good enough for a frog to sleep in." The father, however, insists on her compliance; and even when the frog says, "Cuddle my back, my dearest sweet one," orders her to do so, "For who knows what it may come to at last?" And in the morning, when she woke, she saw by her side the handsomest gentleman that ever was seen, in a scarlet coat and top-boots, with a sword by his side and a gold chain round his neck, and gold rings on his fingers and he married her and made her a lady, and they lived very happy together.

I suspect the _scarlet coat and top-boots_ to be a modern interpolation, the natural product of a sporting neighbourhood. It destroys the unity of costume, as I believe Alderman Sawbridge is the only person recorded as having gone hunting in a gold chain, and with a sword by his side.

Grimm's frog sings,--

"Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf,
Weisst du nicht wie gestern du zu mir gesagt
Bei dem kühlen Brunnenwasser?
Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf."

There is not much difference in the song, but the moral tone of the German is much higher. The frog restores the princess's golden ball, which has fallen into the well, on her promising to do all those things which he afterwards demands; and the king insists on her compliance, because a promise is sacred, when made even to a frog. Our farmer contradicts his daughter's inclinations to the verge, or perhaps beyond the verge, of decorum, on the speculation of "what it may come to at last." To be sure, if the Oxfordshire version is correct, she gets only a sportsman for a husband.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

NO. III.

There was once an old woman, who left her daughter at home to get dinner ready, while she was at church. On coming back she found nothing touched, and her daughter crying by the fire-place. "Why, what now?" exclaimed the old woman. "Why, do you know," replied her daughter, "as I was going to cook the dinner a brick fell down the chimney, and you know it _might_ have killed me." This the old woman could not deny, and joined her daughter in her lamentations.

So in a little while the good man came in, and finding both weeping, cried out, "What's the matter here? What, all in tears?" "Why," said the old wife, "do you know, as Sally was going to get the dinner ready a brick fell down the chimney, and you know it _might_ have killed her." This her husband was forced to confess, and lifted up his voice with them.

Shortly after, Sally's sweetheart came in, and seeing the hubbub and confusion, began, "What's up here? All weeping?" "Why, you know," said the father, "as Sally was going to cook the dinner a brick fell down the chimney, and you know it _might_ have killed her." "Well!" said the young man; "of all the fools I've seen, you three are the greatest; and when I find three as great, why, then I'll come back and marry your daughter."

So away he went and went till he came to where an old woman was busy, for she was going to bake. But she bitterly bewailed her ill-luck; for, instead of taking the bread to the oven, she had got a rope fastened to the oven, and was trying with all her might to drag it to the bread, but it wouldn't budge an inch for all her pains. "Oh, you fool," cried the young man; "you should take the bread to the oven, and not try to drag the oven to the bread." "Oh, I didn't think of that," said she; "la! so I should." "Well, indeed, and that's fool number one," said the young man; and he went on his way.

So he went and went, longer than I can tell, till he came to where an old woman should feed her cow with grass that grew on her cottage-roof; but, instead of throwing down the grass to the cow, she was trying to drag the cow to the roof, but she could not, for all her pains. "Why, you fool," said the young man, "cut the grass, and throw it to the cow, to be sure." "Ay, I didn't think of that," said she. "That's fool number two, sure enough; but it will be long before I meet such another."

But again he went and went, till at last he saw a man who was trying to put his breeches on; but instead of holding them in his hand, he had propped them up with sticks, and was trying in vain to take a running jump into them. "Put in your legs, stupid!" said he. "That I didn't think of," said the man. "Here, indeed, is fool number three," said the young man. So he turned him homewards; came back to his sweetheart's cottage, and married Sally, the old woman's daughter.

For a Norwegian parallel story, see _Norske Folkeeventyr samlede ved Asbjörnsen og Jörgen Moe_, I., Christiania, 1843, No. 10. pp. 61-67., "Somme Kjærringer er slige."

GEORGE STEPHENS.

GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY OF MECKLENBURGH.

In Mr. Prior's _Life of Goldsmith_ (vol. i. p. 388.), he observes that "one of his (Goldsmith's) labours, if we may believe the accounts of several personal acquaintances, for no certain evidence of the fact is at hand, and the work has been sought for in vain," was _The History of Mecklenburgh_, published for Newbery in February, 1762. This work, which seems to have eluded Mr. Prior's great diligence, I have now before me. It is in 8vo., to which a portrait of Queen Charlotte is prefixed, and is entitled, _The History of Mecklenburgh from the first Settlement of the Vandals in that Country to the present Time, including a Period of about Three Thousand Years_: London, printed for J. Newbery, at the Bible and Sun, in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1762. Pages, Preface, xiv.; History, 360. It is dedicated by Newbery to the Queen, in a short and rather elegant address, in which, as well as in the Preface which follows, there are marks of Goldsmith's style. The History itself appears to have been compiled in haste, and certainly bears no decisive internal evidence of having Goldsmith for its author. It is, however, rather superior to the ordinary run of similar compilations, and in some parts--(see account of the Vandals, pp. 11. to 22., and character of Gustavus Adolphus, p. 271.)--is not without proofs that the writer had powers of pleasing and vigorous composition. It may have proceeded from Goldsmith, and, as it is attributed to him by the accounts of several personal acquaintances, in all probability did so; though, without some indication of that kind, its authorship would not perhaps have been suspected. Mr. Forster (_Life of Goldsmith_, p. 241.) states that for the revision of this work he (Goldsmith) received 20_l._: but is there any proof of this? Mr. Prior, as I understand him (see _Life_, Vol. i. p. 416.), merely supposes that he might receive that sum, from the prices paid for the other works of a similar kind.

JAMES CROSSLEY.

FOLK LORE.

_Eagles' Feathers._--Will any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." favour me with an explanation of the allusion in the following passage?

"You must cast away the workes of darknes, and then put on the
armour of light: first you must put off, and then put on. _As the
eagle's feathers will not lie with any other feathers, but consume
them which lie with them_: so the wedding garment will not bee
worne with filthie garments," &c.

The passage is from a sermon on Rom. xiii. 14., entitled "The Wedding Garment." It is contained in a volume in small 4to. (Lond. 1614), the earlier portion of which contains six sermons by Maister _Henry Smith_; and the latter, in which the above occurs, though it has no distinct title-page, yet appears, from style and general appearance, to be by the same author.

ARNCLIFFE.

_East Wind on Candlemas Day._--The following couplet embodies a little bit of folk lore which, from the long prevalence of easterly winds from which we are suffering, may interest some of your readers.

"When the wind's in the east on Candlemas day,
There it will stick till the second of May."

G. B.

_Placing Snuff on a Corpse._--"The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead" has already been noticed in "N. & Q." I am informed that a custom obtains in some parts of Ireland, of placing a plate of snuff in the same situation; and that it is etiquette for all those who are invited to the funeral to take a pinch on arriving at the house of mourning. Hence has arisen the not very delicate threat, "I'll get a pinch of snuff off your belly yet!" by which Paddy would intimate to his rival his intention to survive him, and to crow over his remains. This must, indeed, be a pinch of "_rale_ Irish."

ALFRED GATTY.

ON A PASSAGE IN KING HENRY IV., PART I. ACT V. SC. 2.

Pursuant to my conviction that most of the obscure passages in our great poet's dramas arise from typographical errors in the early editions, I submit the following suggested correction of an error in a noble passage, which has hitherto passed unnoticed, to the candid consideration of those who can enter into the spirit of the poet, and are not pertinaciously wedded to the lapses of a very careless printer; to whom, in my opinion, the editors of the first folio confided its correction. Otherwise, we must presume they were unaccustomed to such labour, and in the hurry of active life did their best, however imperfectly.

I must be indulged with rather a long extract, that the reader may be enabled at once to judge whether the words I impugn are in harmony with the tone and spirit of Hotspur's speech.

"_Enter a Messenger._

_Mess._ My lord, here are letters for you.

_Hot._ I cannot read them now.----
O gentlemen, the time of life is short;
To spend that shortness basely, were too long,
If life did ride upon a dial's point,
Still ending at the arrival of an hour.
An if we live, we live to tread on kings;
If die, brave death, when princes die with us!
Now for our consciences,--the arms are fair,
When the intent of bearing them is just.

_Enter another Messenger._

_Mess._ My lord, prepare; the king comes on apace.

_Hot._ I thank him, that he cuts me from my tale,
For I profess not talking: only this--
Let each man do his best: and here draw I
A sword, whose temper I intend to stain
With the best blood that I can draw withal
In the adventure of this perilous day.
Now,--Esperance!--Percy!--and set on.--
Sound all the lofty instruments of war,
And by that musick let us all embrace:
For, heaven to earth, some of us never shall
A second time do such a courtesy."

What are we to understand by the words "For heaven to earth," in the last line but one? Can they be tortured, by any ingenuity, to signify, as Warburton paraphrases them, "One might wager heaven to earth"? To say nothing, of such extraordinary and unwonted ellipsis, would it not be a strange wager, and stranger thought, to enter Hotspur's mind at such a moment? I feel assured that Shakspeare wrote, and that we should read:

"Sound all the lofty instruments of war,
And by that musick let us all embrace:
For _here on_ earth, some of us never shall
A second time do such a courtesy."

If it should be thought that _here on_ could not well be mistaken, even in MS., for _heaven to_, I reply that stranger misreadings of the compositor could be easily adduced; and that even in the preceding page we have one at any rate more wide of the mark, where _supposition_ is printed in both the folios for _suspicion_.

How this extraordinary reading should have hitherto escaped suspicion, I am at a loss to imagine, and feel assured that no one who is competent to enter into the spirit of this exquisitely conceived passage, which breathes the true expression of heroic pathos, will attempt a vindication of the old reading.

S. W. SINGER.

Minor Notes.

"_Thirty days hath September._"--The unknown author of _Thirty days hath September_ may be fairly described as the most popular versifier in the history of English literature. I believe he was rather a translator than an author, and that both the Latin text and the English version are of very early date. Be it as it may, no one can dispute its merit as a specimen of mnemonic verse.

On the list of claimants to the honour in question it is my wish to place, but without advocating the cause of either, 1. Richard Grafton, citizen of London; and 2. Arthur Hopton, A.B. Oxon., the "miracle of his age for learning."

(1.) "A rule to knowe how many dayes euery moneth in the yere
hath.

Thirty dayes hath Nouember,
Aprill, June and September.
February hath .XXVIII. alone.
And all the rest haue XXXI."

_Graftons Abridgement of the chronicles of Englande_, 1570. 8vo.

(2.) "The which ordination of the moneths, and position of dayes
[by Julius Cæsar], is vsed to this present time, according to
these verses:

'_Sep. No. Iun. Ap. dato triginta: reliquis magis vno:
Ni sit bissextus, Februus minor esto duobus._'

Which is,

Thirtie dayes hath September,
Aprill, Iune, and November:
The rest haue thirtie and one,
Saue February alone.
Which moneth hath but eight and twenty meere,
Saue when it is bissextile, or leap-yeare."

_Arthur Hopton, A concordancy of yeares_, 1615. 8vo. p. 60.

Wood states that Hopton left "divers copies of verses scattered in books," so that we may venture to ascribe to him the above version--but it is not the _popular version_.

BOLTON CORNEY.

"_When found, make a Note of._"--The following poem may be considered in the light of an enlarged paraphrase on the motto of your valuable periodical. It is one of a collection of poems by John Byrom, first published in 1773. An edition was published at Leeds in the year 1814.

"_A Hint to a Young Person, for his better Improvement
by Reading or Conversation._

"In reading authors, when you find
Bright passages that strike the mind,
And which perhaps you may have reason
To think on at another season,
Be not contented with the sight,
But take them down in black and white.
Such a respect is wisely shown,
As makes another's sense one's own.
When you're asleep upon your bed,
A thought may come into your head,
Which may be useful, if 'tis taken
Due notice of when you are waken.
Of midnight thoughts to take no heed
Betrays a sleepy soul indeed;
It is but dreaming in the day,
To throw our nightly hours away.
In conversation, when you meet
With persons cheerful and discreet,
That speak or quote, in prose or rhyme,
Facetious things or things sublime,
Observe what passes, and anon,
When you get home think thereupon;
Write what occurs; forget it not;
A good thing sav'd is so much got.
Let no remarkable event
Pass with a gaping wonderment,
A fool's device--'Lord, who would think!'
Rather record with pen and ink
Whate'er deserves attention now;
For when 'tis gone you know not how,
Too late you'll find that, to your cost,
So much of human life is lost.
Were it not for the written letter,
Pray what were living men the better
For all the labours of the dead?
For all that Socrates e'er said?
The morals brought from Heav'n to men
He would have carry'd back again;
'Tis owing to his short-hand youth
That Socrates does now speak truth."

Vol. i. p. 59. Edit. 1814.

M.

Dublin.

_The Dodo, existing Specimen of._--A friend of mine has just informed me, on the authority of one of the principal members of the family, that at Nettlecombe Park, in Somersetshire, the seat of Sir John Trevelyan, Bt., there is now existing a stuffed specimen, entire, of the supposed extinct bird, the Dodo.

How is it that such an important fact should have escaped the notice of the principal naturalists of the country? At the Great Exhibition there was a manufactured specimen of this bird, which called forth, I believe, the encomium of Mr. Strickland and other well-known naturalists; but not a word was said about this alleged real specimen at Nettlecombe Park. There was in the same case which contained this fictitious Dodo, a cast of the head and leg from the remains now in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford,--the only portions, I believe, that were rescued when the entire specimen of the bird, once in that collection, was destroyed. It is said, I think, there are other remains somewhere abroad; but that there is no _entire_ specimen of the Dodo now in existence anywhere, is, I imagine, the universal belief. I hope that you, or some of your correspondents, may be able to solve this mystery, or set my friends right should they be labouring under some mistake.

ROWLAND WINN.

_A Proof that a Man can be his own Grandfather!_--I lately came across the following curious piece of genealogical reasoning which I think originally appeared in _Hood's Magazine_, and which I have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed table:

George==++
1 2 | ||
William=Anne=Henry ||
| | ||
| _David_ ||
| 1 2 ||
Thomas=Jane=====++

There was a widow (Anne) and her daughter-in-law (Jane), and a man (George) and his son (Henry). The widow married the son, and the daughter married the father. The widow was therefore mother (in-law) to her husband's father, and consequently grandmother to her own husband (Henry). By this husband she had a son (David), to whom she was great-grandmother. Now, as the son of a great-grandmother must be either a grandfather or great uncle, this boy (David) was one or the other. He was his own grandfather! This was the case with a boy at school at Norwich.

E. N.

_Memoria Technica_

_For the Plays of Shakspeare, omitting the Historical English
Dramas_, "quos versu dicere non est."

Cymbeline, Tempest, Much Ado, Verona,
Merry Wives, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Errors,
Shrew Taming, Night's Dream, Measure, Andronicus,
Timon of Athens.

Wintry Tale, Merchant, Troilus, Lear, Hamlet,
Love's Labour, All's Well, Pericles, Othello,
Romeo, Macbeth, Cleopatra, Cæsar,
Coriolanus.

_From a Common-place Book at Audley End._

BRAYBROOKE.

_Portrait of George Fox._--A writer in the _Westminster Review_ for the present quarter, on "The Early Quakers and Quakerism," says (p. 610.), respecting George Fox,--

"Portrait painters having been in his eyes panderers to the
fleshly desires of the creature, we have no likeness of him."

Whether or not there is in existence an _authentic_ portrait of George Fox, I do not know; but I saw some time since, at the shop of Smith, the Quaker bookseller in Whitechapel, an engraved portrait of Fox, and another of his early coadjutor, James Nayler.

LLEWELLYN.

_Lines on Crawfurd of Kilbirnie._--George Crawfurd, who wrote a _Peerage of Scotland_, which was published in folio at Edinburgh in the year 1716, says, under the head of "Crawfurd, Viscount of Garnock," p. 159., that Malcolm Crawfurd, Esq., succeeded to the barony of Kilbirny in right of Marjory his wife, daughter and sole heir of John Barclay of Kilbirny; whereupon he assumed the coat of Barclay, and impaled it with his own:

"Here it may be remarked," he continues, "that all the estate the
family ever had, or yet possesses, was acquired to them by
marriage: or lands so obtained were exchanged for others lying
more contiguous to the rest of their fortune; which gave occasion
to a friend to apply to them the following distich:

'Aulam alii jactent, at tu Kilbirnie, nube:
Nam quæ fors aliis, dat Venus alma tibi.'"

Which may be thus translated:

"Let others choose the dice to throw,
Do you, Kilbirny, wed:
On them what Fortune may bestow,
On you will Venus shed."

C--S. T. P.

W---- Rectory.

Queries.

WHERE WAS ANNE BOLEYN BURIED?

It is said in Miss Strickland's _Queens of England_ (iv. 203.), that there is a tradition at Salle in Norfolk that the remains of Anne Boleyn were removed from the Tower, and interred at midnight, with the rites of Christian burial, in Salle Church, and that a plain black stone without any inscription is supposed to indicate the place where she was buried. An account of Salle Church, with the inscriptions on the Boleyn monuments, is given in the 4th volume of Blomefield's _Norfolk_ (folio ed.), p. 421., but no allusion is made to any such tradition; and other parts of the same work, where the Boleyns (including the Queen) are referred to, are equally silent on the subject. Lord Herbert of Cherbury, in his _History of King Henry VIII._, does not state how or where she was buried. Hollingshed, Stow, and Speed say, that her body, with the head, was buried in the choir of the chapel in the Tower; and Sandford, that she was buried in the chapel of St. Peter in the Tower.

Burnet (vol. i. p. 318.), who is followed by Henry, Hume, and Lingard, says that her body was thrown into a common chest of elm-tree that was made to put arrows in, and was buried in the chapel within the Tower, before twelve o'clock. Sharon Turner, in his _History of the Reign of King Henry VIII._, vol. ii p. 464., cites the following passage from Crispin's account of Anne Boleyn's execution, written fourteen days after her death, viz.:

"Her ladies immediately took up her head and the body. They seemed
to be without souls, they were so languid and extremely weak; but
fearing that their mistress might be handled unworthily by inhuman
men, they forced themselves to do this duty; and though almost
dead, at last carried off her dead body wrapt in a white
covering."

In a letter in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for October, 1815, signed "J. C.," it is said--

"But the headless remains of the departed Queen were said to be
deposited in an arrow-chest, and buried in the Tower Chapel,
before the High Altar. Where that stood, the most sagacious
antiquary, after a lapse of less than three hundred years, cannot
now determine; nor is the circumstance, though related by eminent
writers, clearly ascertained. In a cellar the body of a person of
short stature, without a head, not many years since was found, and
supposed to be the reliques of poor Anna; but soon after
re-interred in the same place, and covered with earth."

I am informed that the stone in Salle Church was some time since raised, but that no remains were to be found underneath it. Has the tradition referred to by Miss Strickland been noticed by any other writer? and upon what authority does Burnet say that her remains were placed in an arrow-chest? I may add that Miss S. states that a similar tradition is assigned to a black stone in the church at Thornden on the Hill: but Morant, in his _History of Essex_, does not notice it.

J. H. P.

TORTOISESHELL TOM CATS.

Can any correspondents of "N. & Q." who may have paid particular attention to natural history, throw any light or grounds for explaining the fact of there, I may almost say, never being instances of a _male tortoiseshell cat_? for though I have been very lately told that such a one was exhibited in the great display in Hyde Park, yet as I did not witness it myself, I can only use it as the exception which proves the general rule.

Having for the last fifty years been in the constant habit of keeping cats, and having frequently during that time possessed many of a rare and foreign breed, some of which were tortoise-shells of the most beautiful varieties, I have always endeavoured, by mixing the breeds in every way, to procure a male of this peculiar colour; but with the vast number of kittens that during this long period have fallen under my observation, I have invariably found that if there was the slightest appearance of a single _black hair_ on one, otherwise _white and orange_, so sure would it prove a female; and thus _vice versâ_, an orange hair appearing on a black and white skin, even in the smallest degree, would immediately proclaim the sex.

I have asked for an elucidation of this curious fact from two of our greatest naturalists of the present day, but without any success; I have racked my own brain even for some plausible mode of accounting for it, but in vain; for it should be observed that this peculiarity or line of demarcation as to sexes does not obtain with other animals, for I have seen what may be called tortoiseshell horses and cows, that is, with the same admixture of colours, and yet they have been indiscriminately of both sexes.

Now it is true we hear occasionally of a _tortoiseshell tom cat_ advertised as having been seen or heard of, but in all these instances a solution of the _nitrate of silver_ has been _freely used to aid the imposition_, and with all the pains I have taken, I have never been fortunate enough to meet with a _bonâ fide_ ocular demonstration.

Should any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." have it in their power to throw light on this curious fact in natural history, it will much gratify me, even if it should prove that I am making much about nothing.

W. R.

Surbiton.

Minor Queries.

_Oasis._--What is the proper pronunciation of this word? Ninety-nine people out of a hundred will say, as _I_ said, "O[=a]sis, of course!" Let them, however, proceed to consult authorities, and they will begin to be puzzled. Its derivation from the Coptic "wáhe" (or "ouahe," the French way of expressing the Egyptian word wáhe.--_Encycl. Metrop._) seems universally admitted. As to the pronunciation, the way in which the word is accented by the different authorities in which I have been able to find it is as follows:--

Ὄασις (πόλις).--_Herodot._ iii. 26. Larcher's _Notes_, and Liddell and Scott's _Greek Lexicon_, give no help as to the pronunciation.

Rees's _Cyclopædia_, and the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, do not accent the word at all. Brasse's _Greek Gradus_, Ainsworth's and Riddle's _Dictionaries_, Yonge's _Gradus_, Walker's _Rhyming Dictionary_, Webster, Richardson, and Johnson, do not even contain the word.

The few authorities which _do_ accent the word, do it "with a difference." Ex. gr.:

O'asis.--_Penny Cyclopædia._
O'asis.--_Imperial Dictionary._
O'asis.--Spiers' _English-French Dictionary_.
O[)a]sis.--Anthon's _Lemprière_.
Oásis.--Brande's _Dictionary of Science, &c._
O[=a]sis.--Butler's _Classical Atlas_. Index.

Who is right? I have searched all the Indices to the Delphin edition of the Latin poets, without finding the word at all. A Cambridge friend quoted at once "sacramque Ammonis oasim;" but, on being pressed, admitted, that if it were not the fag-end of some prize-poem line lurking in his memory, he did not know whence it came. I cannot get anybody to produce me an instance of the use of the word in English poetry. One says, "I am sure it's in Moore," and another, "You're sure to find it in Milton;" but our English poets lack verbal indices. Some such line as "Some green oasis in the desert's waste," haunts my own memory, but I cannot give it a "local habitation." Of course, two or three instances from _English_ poets would not _absolutely_ determine the question one way or the other, as we pronounce many words derived from Greek and Latin sources in defiance of their original quantity. Still they would not be without their value. Can any wise man of the East help?

HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.

_Ballad on Shakspeare._--About fifty years ago there was an old ballad in praise of Shakspeare which used to be very popular in Warwickshire. All I remember is the following stanza, which, I remember, was the concluding one:--

"The pride of all nature is sweet Willy, O;
The pride of our land was sweet Willy, O;
And when Willy died, it was Nature that sighed
At the loss of her all--her sweet Willy, O."

Where can the rest of the ballad be obtained? and who was the author?

SAXONICUS.

_Dr. Toby Matthew._--In Le Neve's _Lives of the Protestant Archbishops_ under Dr. Toby Matthew, Archbishop of York, it is stated that he was appointed Bishop of Durham in 1595; and that on 7th April, Archbishop Whitgift granted a commission to Archbishop Hutton, "to confirm and consecrate this our bishop within the province of Canterbury, which," says Le Neve, "no doubt was done accordingly, though I cannot find, either in his diary or elsewhere, the time when, place where, or the names of the bishops who assisted at that solemnity," (vol. ii. pp. 105-6.). In Surtees' _History of Durham_, it is said that his consecration took place on "Palm Sunday." Palm Sunday fell on 9th April that year: the very Sunday, therefore, which followed the date of the licence mentioned by Le Neve. I believe Surtees refers to _Rot. Durham_ as his authority. In the _Church of England Magazine_, Jan. 1847, p. 13., there is a Life of Dr. T. Matthew, said to be "Abridged from a manuscript in the British Museum, entitled 'The Preaching Bishop,'" &c. Does this document supply the information which Le Neve sought in vain?[3] Can any reader ascertain from the diary, or elsewhere, what the bishop was doing on 9th April, 1595, or where he was; or give any information on the subject?

C. H. D.

[Footnote 3: [The MS. in the British Museum does not supply the
information required; it merely corrects Bishop Godwyn's date of
the consecration, viz. March, 1594: "but," says the writer, "he
was mistaken; it was the year after, for he preached the first
sermon after he was made bishop, May 11, 1595, as he himself sets
down, being then forty-eight years of age." It is not given in Mr.
Perceval's valuable list of the consecrations of English prelates
in the Appendix to his _Apology for the Apostolical Succession_,
so that we may conclude it is not to be found among the Lambeth
records. It is possible it may be found in the document quoted by
Surtees, viz. "Rot. Mathew, A."--ED.]]

_Hart and Mohun._--Very little is known of these two old actors and managers. When were they born, and when did they die?

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

_Burial without Religious Service._--In case of the friends of any person deceased either objecting to, or not wishing to compel the clergyman to use, the burial service, is there any law to _forbid_ the corpse being interred in the parish churchyard _without any religious service at all_? Suppose the deceased were a baptized dissenter, who had himself in his lifetime objected to, and whose surviving relatives also objected to the performance of the burial service, though they wished the body to be deposited in the churchyard; does a clergyman render himself liable to any penalty in _permitting_ the body to be thus silently interred? Some years ago, at the Kensal Green cemetery the sons of Carlile _protested at the grave_ against the performance of _any_ religious service. The chaplain persisted in its performance in spite of their expressed wishes to the contrary! Was this right or wrong in a legal point of view?

C. H. D.

_Ganganelli's Bible._--Can any of your readers inform me who was the translator of the "Ganganelli (Pope) Bible," published in 1784 in folio, what is the merit of the translation, and who wrote the notes? If I mistake not, Evans, the auctioneer who sold the Duke of Sussex's library, puts in the catalogue that the notes are not the Pope's, it being "a scandalous imposture" in the title-page to say so, "for they have a free-thinking tendency."