Chapter II: Part 2

The title-page of said Bible says that that Pope and the translator were liberals, and the author of the notes must have been a radical, all very intelligible in those days, but not without instruction to these.

The Duke's copy sold to the British Museum for 30_l._ May I ask why it is so rare?

J. D. G.

_Wherland Family._--Information is desired respecting the family of "Wherland," now of Cork, and whether they came from Scotland; and if so, whether the family still exists there? The crest of the Cork Wherlands is a demi-lion rampant out of a ducal coronet.

T. W. W.

_Flemish Proverb quoted by Chaucer._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q.," or, should I not rather say, of its Dutch ally, "DE NAVORSCHER," point out the original of the old Flemish proverb,

"Soth play quod play,"

quoted by Chaucer in his Prologue to the "Cook's Tale;" and whether or not there is any history attached to it?

PHILO-CHAUCER.

_Derivation of the Word "Callis," an Almshouse._--The word is not given in Bailey or Richardson. It appears in Holloway's and Halliwell's _Provincial Dictionaries_ in the plural, and is spelt "calasses." Each quotes Grose, who refers the word to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for May, 1784; but there the above question only is asked, and is unanswered. It has been suggested that the callis may be so called from its having been founded by some merchant of the Staple of Calais, or from its endowment being derived from donations to the chalice, made by persons to the priest administering extreme unction. _Calis_ was the old form of _chalice_.--Vide Halliwell's _Dictionary_.

J. P. JUN.

_Nashe's "Terrors of the Night," 4to. 1594._--Can any correspondent oblige me with Notes, critical, philological, or otherwise, illustrative of the subjoined passages, which occur, among many others scarcely less curious, in the above rare tract, of which I am fortunate enough to possess a (not quite perfect) copy? Speaking of Iceland, he says,--

"It is reported, that the Pope long since gaue them a dispensation
to receiue the Sacrament in ale, insomuch as for their vncessant
frosts there, no wine but was turned to red emayle as soone as
euer it came amongst them."--_D._ iii.

"Other spirits like rogues they have among them, destitute of all
dwelling and habitation; and they chillingly complayne if a
constable aske them _Cheuela_ in the night, that they are going
vnto Mount Hecla to warme them."--_D._ ii.

What is _emayle_? and is _Cheuela_ for _Qui va là_?

Speaking of a vision of devils, he mentions some with

"Great glaring eyes, that had whole shelues of Kentish oysters in
them; and terrible wide mouthes, whereof not one of them but would
well haue made a case for _Molenax'_ great gloabe of the
world."--_D._ iii.

Is, then, Wyld's great Globe only a plagiarism from Molenax?

J. EASTWOOD.

_Did Orientals ever wear Spurs?_--In the second volume, p. 38., of Prescott's _Ferdinand and Isabella_, are given some lines from Hyta, _Guerras de Granada_, &c., descriptive of the departure of Abdallah Chico on his fatal expedition against Lucena. These, enumerating all the braveries of the cortège, amongst others, mention

"Cuánto de Espuela de Oro,
Cuánta Estribera de Plata."

Now, unless this be an oversight of Hyta, his spurs of gold and stirrups of silver require some explanation, since the specification of both does not leave us the alternative of supposing that the former merely meant the sharp corners of the shovel-stirrup, which we all know serve the Oriental horseman of the present day as spurs.

Was Hyta a Spaniard or a Moor?

A. C. M.

_Badges of Noblemen in the Fifteenth Century._--What were the customary badges or cognizances of De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, executed 1450; Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, and John Duke of Bedford, Protectors, temp. Henry VI.; Cardinal Beaufort; the Earls of Somerset, Salisbury, and Arundel, temp. Henry VI.; and Sir John Fastolfe?

BURIENSIS.

_Sir Roger de Coverley._--In the first article of the Number of the _Quarterly Review_ just published, on _Sir Roger de Coverley, by the Spectator, with Notes and Illustrations_, by W. Henry Wills, it is stated,--

"At the suggestion of Swift they took advantage of a popular name,
and derided the Knight's descent from the inventor of the
celebrated country-dance," &c.

I should like to know the authority for this statement respecting Swift, as, at the time of the _Spectator_ first appearing, he was certainly not on good terms with either Addison or Steele. The first Number of the _Spectator_ was published on the 1st of March, 1710-11. In Swift's journal, sent to Stella, he says, March 6th,--

"I have not seen Mr. Addison these three weeks: all our friendship
is over."

On the 16th he says,--

"Have you seen the _Spectator_ yet? a paper that comes out every
day. 'Tis written by Mr. Steele, who seems to have gathered new
life, and have a new fund of wit; it is in the same nature as his
_Tatlers_, and they have all of them had something pretty. I
believe Addison and he club. I never see them," &c.

C. DE D.

_Lines on Elizabeth._--No doubt some of your readers will be able to tell me where I may find these verses:--

"_Princeps Elizabetha tuis Dea magna Britannis._"

which is fathered upon Ascham; and the following, which report gives to Camden:--

"_Elizabetha suis Diva et Dea sola Britannis._"

PETROS.

_Twyford._--Simeon of Durham relates the history of the acts of a council held A.D. 684, in the presence of King Egfrid, and presided over by Archbishop Theodore, at a place called _Twyford_, near the river Alne [_Ættwyforda, quod significat ad duplex vadum._]--_Libellus_, &c., p. 44. Is there any vestige or record of the site of Twyford? Camden mentions it when speaking of the Northumberland coast:

"The shore afterwards opens for the river Alaun, which, still
retaining the same name it had at Ptolemy's time, is called by
contraction Alne, on whose bank is _Twifford_, q. d. _Two-fords_,
where was held a synod under King Egfrid; and Eslington, Alnwick,"
&c.

CEYREP.

_Irish Titles of Honour: The Knight of Kerry; The O'Conor Don; The O'Gorman Mahon._--Will somebody explain for me the origin of, and right to, these titles, which do not receive the honour of any mention in the ordinary "Baronetages, Knightages," &c. &c.; as also the mode in which the individuals who claim them are addressed in ordinary conversation.

HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.

_Sir Hobbard de Hoy._--A common term for a lad between boyhood and manhood is a _hobbledehoy_. I find an early use of this word in Tusser's _Hundred Points of Husbandry_, A.D. 1557, in his verses entitled _Man's age divided here ye have, By Prenticeships from birth to grave_.

"The first seven years bring up as a child,
The next to learning, for waxing too wild;
The next keep under _Sir Hobbard de Hoy_,
The next a man, no longer a boy," &c.

Can you tell me the origin of this curious term?

W. W. E. T.

Warwick Square, Belgravia.

_The Moon and her Influences._--Can any of your readers inform me of books treating, scientifically, or giving traditional notices, about the supposed influences of the moon; for instance, on the tides, on lunatics, on timber felled during the wane, on fish taken by moonlight in the tropics?

Also can any account be given of the origin of the tradition that connects "the man in the moon" with the history given of the "man gathering sticks upon the Sabbath day" (_Numbers_, xv. 32-36.)?

W. H.

_St. Ulrich's, Augsburg._--In Pugin's _Glossary of Ecclesiastical Ornament_, the author refers to a book containing an account, with illustrations, of the Trésor of the church of St. Ulrich at Augsburg; he also adds, "this book is now very rare." Could any of your correspondents inform me who is the author; for I have searched the Museum catalogue under the names "Augsburg and Ulric, or Udalric," without any success? Probably, if I had the author's name, I might run some chance of finding it.

W. B.

_The late Mr. Miller of Craigentinny._--I should be glad if any of your Edinburgh or other correspondents could favour me with any particulars relating to the above gentleman. He was a well-known book collector, and in the spirit of his purchases the legitimate successor of Richard Heber. He bequeathed his noble collection of books to the Advocates' Library of Edinburgh. In early English poetry the collection is almost unrivalled. Mr. Miller was the purchaser of the _Heber Ballads_. The collection, in money market value, is nearly equal to the Grenville gift to the British Museum. I have heard the title to the property of Craigentinny was in dispute.

PETROPROMONTORIENSIS.

_Whipping Boys._--Will any correspondent of "N. & Q." inform me when ceased the custom of male heirs apparent to the throne of England having whipping boys? when and why it originated? what remuneration such boys received? and whether our queens had during their state of pupillage any such kinds of convenience. I have only met with the names of two whipping boys; Brown, who stood for Edward VI., and Mungo Murray, who did the like for Charles.

THOS. LAWRENCE.

Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

_Edwards of Essex._--This family can be traced to Anstey from 1700. A descendant in New York has the arms: Argent, a fess ermines between 3. martlets (2. and 1.) sable. Can any correspondent find him any old branches of his family tree?

E.

New York.

Minor Queries Answered.

_Polynesian Languages._--Where could I obtain Testaments in the various languages of Polynesia, more especially in the Feejeean and Samoan? I have applied at the British and Foreign Bible Society without success. These Testaments have been published by this society.

EBLANENSIS.

[Our correspondent should consult _The Bible of every Land_,
lately published by Bagster and Sons, which gives some account of
the different Polynesian and Malayan versions.--See Class V., pp.
299-312.]

_Arms of Thompson._--Will any of your Lancashire correspondents be kind enough to inform me whether they have ever met with the following arms in connexion with the name of Thompson in any work on the history of Lancashire, or on any monument in that county, namely, "Per pale, argent and sable, a fess embattled between three falcons, countercharged, belled or?" I believe a family of the name to which the arms are attributed held landed property in the neighbourhood of Hornby and Gressingham.

JAYTEE.

[We know nothing beyond the fact of such a coat being described in
an ordinary of arms for Thompson of Lancashire, without any
particular locality.]

_The Silent Woman._--What is the origin of the old sign-board "The Silent Woman?" She is represented headless, holding her head under her arm. There is, or was, a sign of this at a small ale-house not far from Ledbury, in Herefordshire, and I was told it was not an uncommon sign in these parts.

F. J. H.

Edinburgh.

[Has not this sign, which we have seen also described as that of
_The Good Woman_, its origin in the satirical spirit which
prompted the Dutch epigrammist to write,--

"A woman born without a tongue,
I can conceive it;
But silent, with a tongue in her head,
I'll ne'er believe it."]

_Review of Hewett's Memoirs of Rustat._--In what literary paper can I find review of Mr. Hewett's _Memoirs of Tobias Rustat_?

C. W.

[A review of this work will be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_
of June, 1850, pp. 638-640.]

_Robert Recorde._--Can any of your readers inform me whether Robert Recorde, who in 1549, or possibly some years later, was Comptroller of the Mint at Bristol, was the same person as the author of _The Whetstone of Wit_, and other mathematical works? Also, whether there is any fuller account of his life to be met with than that given by Hutton?

J. E.

[It does not appear that Robert Recorde, the celebrated
mathematician, was ever connected with the Bristol mint. The best
account we have met with of the author of _The Whetstone of Wit_,
is in Mr. Halliwell's pamphlet on _The Connexion of Wales with the
Early Science of England_, 8vo., 1840. Consult also a very able
and learned article in the _Companion to the British Almanack_ for
1837, pp. 30-37., by Professor De Morgan.]

_Strange Opinions of great Divines._--I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who can give me references to the following quotations from the works of two great divines:

(1.) "I would that we were well rid of this [the Athanasian]
Creed."

(2.) "The Apocalypse either finds a man mad, or leaves him so."

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

[1. The first quotation will be found in a letter of Archbishop
Tillotson's to Bishop Burnet, dated Oct. 23, 1694. The archbishop
says, "The account given of Athanasius' Creed (_i.e._ in Burnet's
_Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles_) seems to me no-wise
satisfactory. I wish we were well rid of it." Dr. Birch adds, "The
archbishop did not long survive the writing of this letter."--See
Birch's _Life of Tillotson_, edit. 1752, p. 343.; ed. 1753, p.
315. Consult also _Remarks upon Dr. Birch's Life of Tillotson_,
8vo., 1753, p. 53., anonymous, but attributed to George Smith, a
Nonjuror.

2. The second quotation is probably the following, which occurs in
Dr. South's Sermon on the Nature and Measures of Conscience (Serm.
XXIII.): "Because the light of natural conscience is in many
things defective and dim, and the internal voice of God's Spirit
not always distinguishable, above all, let a man attend to the
mind of God, uttered in His _revealed Word_: I say, His revealed
Word; by which I do not mean that mysterious, extraordinary (and
of late so much studied) book called 'The Revelation,' and which,
perhaps, the more it is studied, the less it is understood, as
generally either finding a man cracked, or making him so; but I
mean those other writings of the prophets and apostles, which
exhibit to us a plain, sure, perfect, and intelligible rule; a
rule that will neither fail nor distract such as make use of it."]

_Inquisitiones Post Mortem._--What are these, extending to seven volumes, regularly paged, and coming down to 1656, referred to in Oldfield's _History of Wainfleet_? Are they printed works? It is quite a different publication to the _Calendarium_, &c. in four volumes.

When did the Post Mortem Inquisitions cease?

W. H. L.

[The _Inquisitiones_ quoted by Oldfield are sometimes called
Cole's _Escheats_, and will be found in the Harleian Collection in
the British Museum, the first five volumes in Nos. 756. to 760.,
and the sixth and seventh, Nos. 410, 411.]

_Derivation of Carmarthen._--What is the derivation of this word _Carmarthen_?

LLEWELLYN.

[Caermarthen appears to have been the _Maridunum_ of Ptolemy, and
the _Muridunum_ of Antoninus, one of the principal stations in the
country of the Dimetæ, situated on the Via Julia, or great Roman
road. Its modern name of Caermarthen, or _Caer Fyrdden_, as it is
called by the Welsh (by a change of the convertible consonants _f_
and _m_, common in their language), implies "a military station
fortified with walls," and perfectly agrees with the description
given by Giraldus Cambrensis, who calls it, "Urbs antiqua
coctilibus muris."]

"_Mediæval and Middle Ages._"--These terms are now in constant use, and very differently and vaguely defined. Will any of your correspondents, antiquaries or historians, say what period is comprehended in these terms, and give the date when it should commence, and when terminate?

L. T.

[The late lamented Rev. J. G. Dowling, in his _Introduction to the
Critical Study of Ecclesiastical History_, fixes upon the Council
of Chalcedon, A.D. 451, as the commencement of the Mediæval, or
Middle Ages, which he thinks ended with the revival of classical
literature in the fifteenth century, "that age of transition and
revolution, combining in itself several of the most striking
characteristics of the two states of society between which it
forms the interval." This able work ought to find a place in the
library of every ecclesiastical student.]

_Garlands hung up in Churches._--It is said that the pretty wild flower, the small Woodruff (_Asperula Cynanchica_), was formerly employed in adorning the walls of churches. Is this true? If so, what was the origin of the custom? Was this particular flower thus used for the reason that it long preserves its scent? Is it mentioned by any early poet in connexion with the decoration of churches?

R. VINCENT.

[Garlands of Rosemary and Woodroof were formerly used to decorate
the churches on St. Barnabas' day, as appears by many old entries
and church-books; _e.g._ in the churchwardens' accounts of St.
Mary-at-Hill, in the city of London, 17 and 19 Edward IV., the
following entry occurs: "For Rose garlondis and Woodrove garlondis
on St. Barnebe's daye, xj_d._" The reason Woodroof was used,
Gerard tells us in his _Historie of Plants_, p. 965.: "It doth
very well attemper the aire, coole and make fresh the place, to
the delight and comfort of such as are therein."]

Replies.

ANCIENT TIMBER TOWN-HALLS.

(Vol. v., pp. 257. 295.)

MR. PARKER makes some inquiries relative to the ancient town-halls of our country towns; and should the following particulars of some still in existence be of service, I shall feel a pleasure in having been the means of gratifying his curiosity.

The town-hall in the city of Hereford is a timber structure built upon twenty-seven pillars, and was originally a very handsome building, but was many years since denuded of its upper story, in which the fourteen different trading companies of the city transacted their business. It was erected by the celebrated John Abel, in the reign of James I. Prior to the erection of the present county hall, the assizes were held in this building.

The town-hall at Leominster, or Butter-cross as it is frequently called by the inhabitants, was erected in the year 1633, by the above-named architect; it stands upon twelve oak pillars, and was originally ornamented with a variety of curious carvings, and the shields of arms of those who contributed towards the expense of its erection, but which have long since vanished. Around the building, just above the pillars, was inscribed the following sentences, but portions of which only now remain. On the south side:

"Vive Deo gratus, toti mundo tumulatus, crimine mundatus, semper
transire paratus."

On the east side:

"Where justice reigns, there virtue flows. Sat cito, si sat bene
vive ut post vivas. As columns do support the fabric of a
building, so noble gentry do subprop the honour of a state."

On the north side:

"In memoriâ æternâ erit Justus, 1663."

In the year 1793, this hall underwent very considerable repairs, more properly called spoliation, by taking down the gables, and with them the curious carvings, shields of arms, &c., which must have greatly destroyed its picturesque effect. It contains a clock, and is surmounted by a cupola, in which is a bell, whereon the hours strike.

The town-halls of Brecon, Kington[4], and Weobly, and probably others of which at present I can give no particulars, were built by the same person. Mr. Abel being in Hereford when that city was besieged in 1645, was of great service by constructing mills to grind corn for the use of the inhabitants and soldiers confined therein, for which Charles I. afterwards conferred upon him the title of one of his majesty's carpenters.

[Footnote 4: This hall had similar inscriptions to those of
Leominster.]

In Sarnesfield churchyard, in the county of Hereford, is a monument consisting of the effigies of himself and his two wives, with the emblems of his profession, executed by his own hands after he reached the patriarchal age of ninety years; it has the following inscription, being his own composition:

"This craggy stone a covering is for an architector's bed,
That lofty buildings raised high, yet now lyes low his head:
His line and rule, so death concludes, are locked up in store,
Build they who list, or they who wist, for he can build no more.
His house of clay could hold no longer,
May heaven's joy frame him a stronger.

JOHN ABEL.

Vive ut vivas in vitam æternam."

I believe Sarnesfield was his native place; he died there in 1694, having attained the great age of ninety-seven years.

J. B. WHITBORNE.

Leamington.

In my reply to a Query upon the interesting subject introduced by MR. J. H. PARKER, I felt anxious to direct his attention to other peculiar characters appertaining to the ancient town of Wokingham, besides those marks by which it in some degree approximates to his general description of the English towns in France. In reply to MR. PARKER'S inquiry respecting the mediæval town-halls, and other public halls of that period remaining in England (Vol. v., p. 295.), I have much pleasure in forwarding the following account of the Town-hall of Leicester, which formerly belonged to the Guild of Corpus Christi, in the church of St. Martin. It was built in the reign of Elizabeth, and was first opened by a banquet, given by George Norris, the mayor, to celebrate the victory over the Spanish Armada. This anniversary was continued until within the memory of some of the burgesses now living, and was called the "Venison Feast." The hall is a low-roofed timber building, lighted by plain latticed windows, and was enlarged, by the addition of the _Mayor's parlour_, in 1636. The great hall, or court, is fitted with appropriate seats of state for the mayor and aldermen, and with galleries for spectators of municipal ceremonies; and its walls were formerly enriched with many valuable paintings. The adjoining parlour is remarkable for the quaint character of its decorations; it is, like the great hall, provided with state seats or benches, and has a long range of low windows, containing stained glass illustrative of religious subjects, and emblems of the seasons. The Town-library is a storied building, containing a large hall, founded by the Corporation in 1632, and possessing at present about 1000 volumes, chiefly of old divinity, together with a few miscellaneous books, and a MS. of the Greek Testament written on vellum and paper, supposed to be of the thirteenth century, and which was given to the library in 1649 by the Rector of Thrussington.

There are hospitals in Leicester of similar style, and two of much earlier periods, 1330 and 1512.

KT.

Leicestershire.

OLD SIR RALPH VERNON.

(Vol. v., p. 389.)

In an old manuscript book now before me, containing a copy of Flower's "Visitation of Cheshire," 1580, together with a very great number of coats of arms, copies of charters, &c., is the curious account of old Sir Raulfe Vernon, which I now send you. I have not at present Ormerod's _History Of Cheshire_ to refer to; but, if I remember right, there is an account of the old knight, and of the great age he is said to have attained, there. The latest date in the book from which this is extracted is 1610; but there is bound with it eleven pages of "Armes of the Gentry of Cheshire, entred in ye Visitation of that County made in Ao 1663 and 1664, by me Wm. Dugdale, Esqr., Norroy King of Armes."

"_Coppies of old Pedegrees remayning wth Sr John Savadge, 1583._

"Theare was Sr Raulfe ye Vernon ye old, ye quych levet [xx]vij yer
and x yere, and he had to his first Wyffe on Mary ye Lordes
doughter of Dacre, and he had Issue by her one Sr Raulf ye Vernon
of Hanwell, Mr Ricrd person of Stockporte, other two sonnes
Mighell & Hugh, ye quich wer both freres: and two daughteres,
Agnes and Rose and yen deghet ye forsaid Mary, and after her death
ye forsaid old Sr Raulf tooke to paremer on Maude ye Grosevener,
and had Issue by her Ricrd and Robart bastardes. Ye forsaid Sr
Raulf ye Vernon of Hanwell was maryed to A. Seintper, and had
Issue by her Ralyn, Hychcoke, John, & Thomas, ye quiche Ralyn had
Issue Sr Raulfe ye Vernon of Mottrem, ye quich Sr Raulf had Issue
yong Sr Raulf, ye forsaid Sr Raufe ye Vernon of Hanwell, Ralyn his
Sonn, and Sr Raufe his sonn deygen, lyvand ye old Sr Raufe; and ye
sam tym on Sr Ricrd Damory was Justice of Chester, and ye forsaid
old Sr Raufe and he weren accordet yat ye yong Sr Raufe shold
wedde Agnes daughter of ye forsaid Sr Ricrd Damory, and that Sir
Raufe ye old shold be fyne reret at Chester, gife all his landes
&c. to ye said Mr Ricrd his sonn, getten by ye forsaid Mary of
Dacre and to his heires, and so it was done, and the sam Ricrd
pson gyfe the sam lands &c. to ye sam old Sr Raufe againe to term
of his Lyve; and after his dessease to ye yong Sr Rauf and to
Agnes his Wyfe daughter to Sr Ricrd Damory, and to ye heires male
of yr bodyes geten; for default of Issue mall of ye forsaid yong
Sir Raufe and Agnes, yat all ye Landes &c. then Remaine to Ricrd
ye Sonn of Raufe ye Vernon of Shibbrocke getten by Maud ye
Grosvener, and to ye heires of his body begotten male, and for
default of Issue of his body getten male, that all ye Landes &c.
sholden remain to ye right heires of ye forsaid Mr Ricrd wthouten
ende. Ye forsaid yong Sr Raufe and Agnes deyhten wthout Issue of
hose bodyes begotten male, and yen entret Sr Raufe yat last
deyhten as sonn and heir to Ricrd ye Vernon ye sonn of old Sr Rauf
ye Vernon and Maude ye Grosevenor, by Vertue of ye fyne before
rehersed. Ye forsaid Sr Rauf Ricrd son deyget wthout heir of his
body getten mall, and so Sr Ricrd ye Vernon brother to yis last Sr
Rauf entret heir male, and continued all his Lyfe and had Issue
mulier Sr Ricrd ye quiche is now dead wthout Issue malle."

C. DE D.

OLD TREES.--FAIRLOP OAK.

(Vol. v., p. 114.)

I have, in my scrap-book, a curious old print of Fairlop Oak, to which some verses are attached, which I think is somewhat of a rarity. It is on thin, miserable paper; size, demy quarto; without date or printer's name; in general character bearing a very Catnachian aspect. The print of the tree occupies nearly half the sheet, and is a most vile specimen of both drawing and engraving. The tree is represented as in a dilapidated condition, with a huge hollow trunk, within which are seen some persons making themselves "jolly" at a drinking-table. The tree has but five principal branches, and these are only tipped here and there with foliage, the work of popular demolition under which the tree is known to have fallen being plainly seen in its many barren branches, and still more pointedly suggested by the four persons, who, having climbed aloft, are airing themselves in the forks of its boughs. The background is filled up with the incidents of the fair. To the right, in the fore-ground, is one of the well-known "boats" mounted on wheels, the deck manned by blockmakers "on their legs" singing a chorus. Behind, in the distance, is a theatre or exhibition-booth, with the band and sundry performers entertaining the crowd gratis; on the proscenium above is written, ... GELL. CLARK. On the left hand is another of these unclassical erections, with a man in front balancing himself on a ladder; the name SAUNDERS being inscribed above. Below this is an exhibition of a minor sort, and several groups of gaping cockneys. A "boat," a booth, and a set of "knock 'em down" complete the scene; in the latter case a woman caters for the encouragement of the English but ignoble sport of "three throws a penny."[5] Below the print is a line in large type (scarcely legible), announcing it to be "An original Drawing by an eminent Artist [printed off] a Woodcut engraved on a Block of the celebrated Tree." I transcribe literally what follows.

[Footnote 5: Query, whence the origin of this fashionable
accompaniment of cockney fairs?]

"The Stem of this vegetable Progidy, which was [roughly hollowed
(?)], measured, at 3 feet from the ground, about 36 feet in girth,
and the boughs extended about 300 feet in circumference. The Fair
which was held upon this spot was founded about the year 1720, by
Mr. Daniel Day, Block Maker, of Wapping, who gave his men an
annual Bean Feast, under the shade of the Oak, on the first Friday
in July; and which has been visited for a number of years by the
Block Makers and Watermen of the eastern part of the metropolis,
who parade round the spot singing the following songs:--

"_Song from the Block Makers' Boat, sung by Mr.
Hemingway._

"George, our great King, as he sat on the throne,
The supporters of Fairlop sent in their petition,
That he the old Oak in true wisdom would own,
The answer returned from the head of the Nation,
This we agree that the Maggot and Spot
Never shall be crushed, but for ever shall reign.
A Charter we have got to support the old Spot,
And Fairlop shall flourish again and again.

"This answer so noble abroad quickly spread,
The enemy to friendship began to complain,
That this Fair of mischief was surely the head,
And if suffered would certainly soon show its aim.
Down, cried he, with this Fairlop Tree;
But George, ever generous, said, Cease to complain.
A Charter we got, &c.

"Freedom, the Goddess for Britons so fair,
When she heard that a few of her supporters so free
Did reverence the Oak which was always her care,
And she said that the day ever sacred should be,
The Maggot and Spot the care of us shall be,
And never shall be crushed, but for ever shall reign.
A Charter we got, &c.

"Bright July now comes on, when we all are so gay,
The first Friday in the month we all know,
Our Maggot for ages shall shine on that day,
And every year some new splendour shall show,
When we agree that the Maggot and Spot
Never shall be crushed, but for ever shall reign.
A Charter we got, &c.

"Now, my brave boys, since united we be,
With friendship and harmony keep up the day;
Our boat rigg'd and mann'd well, so pleasant to see,
There's nothing can equal our Maggot so gay.
A Toast now I say to good Daniel Day,
Who taught us first this Fair to maintain.
A Charter we got, &c.

"_Written and sung by Mr. Lidard from the Watermen's
Boat._

"Come to Fairlop Fair, my good fellows invite,
To partake of that day, that is our delight;
For we have spirits like fire, our courage is good,
And we meet with the best of respect on the road.
Would you see us, you'd say, when we are muster'd quite gay,
Success to the lads that delight in that day.
Haste away, haste away, all nature seems gay,
Let's drink to the joys of Fairlop so gay.

Our horses are all of the very best blood,
Our boat is well built and her rigging is good.
With our flags and our badges we unanimous agree,
And join hand-in-hand to s[up?]port the old Tree.
There's old Cruff and young Cruff our music shall play,
While George Hull's staunch ponies shall tow us away.
Haste away, &c.

'Twas one Daniel Day that invented this Fair,
As hearty a fellow as ever was there;
The lord of the manor our Charter did gain,
And we sons of old Neptune will uphold the name:
We'll enjoy all the pleasure that springs from the day,
And ever remember that old Daniel Day.
Haste away, &c.

From Wapping Old Stairs away then we drive,
Upon the first Friday that comes in July;
We breakfast at Woodford, at Loughton we lunch,
And return back to Rounden's, to dine and drink punch;
Then our boatswain he starts us away to the Fair,
While Phoebus does shine on our colours so clear.
Haste away, &c.

It's when from the forest to Ilford we steer,
Every town we go thro' we'll give them three cheers;
Then up to Tommy Wright's for to get refreshed there,
Then return back to Wapping to sup of the best fare;
Where we'll dance and sing so cheerful and gay,
And ever remember that old Daniel Day.
Haste away, &c.

Now, having described our boats, horses, and crew,
And our Fairlop so gay, which you all do review,
Our boat she comes home by the winding of [ ... ],
And now you are welcome into Fairlop Hall.
Our boat we put by for another fair day,
And ever remember that old Daniel Day.
Haste away, &c.

"A few years before Mr. Day died, his favourite oak lost a limb,
out of which he procured a coffin to be made for his own
interment, and often used to lie down in it, to try how it would
fit him. He died October 13, 1767, aged eighty-four, and his
remains were conveyed to Barking by water, pursuant of his own
request, accompanied by six journeymen Block and Pump Makers, to
each of whom he bequeathed a new leathern apron and a guinea."

So runs this historical and poetical (?) fragment. The first song I have often heard sung, or rather bawled, by Mr. Hemingway from one of the windows in the street which diverges out of the Mil-End Road, at the "King's Arms." That was before I commenced my teens. Hemingway has long since gone the way of Daniel Day; and Fairlop has lost so much of its original vigour and popularity, as to be almost one of the things that were.

There is an engraving of Fairlop Oak, as it appeared in 1806, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for July, 1806, p. 617. I think that some particulars of Fairlop Oak are given in Loudon's _Arboretum_. The woodcut in the _Mirror_ referred to (p. 114.) bears some resemblance, in the outline of the tree, to my specimen of the Catnach literature.

SHIRLEY HIBBERD.

[Our correspondent will also find a woodcut of the Catnach style
prefixed to a pamphlet published in 1813, entitled _History,
Origin, and Rise of Fairlop Fair; with a History and Description
of the Forests of Essex, and an Account of Mr. Daniel Day, founder
of Fairlop Fair_. Another tract with a similar title was published
in 1795.--ED.]

TAYLOR FAMILY.

(Vol. v., p. 370.)

The first person of the name as Mayor of Worcester, occurring in 1648, is James Taylor, Esq.; in 1666, Henry Taylor, Esq.; in 1675, Rowland Taylor, Esq.; in 1731, Samuel Taylor, Esq. In 1732, James Saunders, Esq., was elected, but, dying in his mayoralty, Samuel Taylor, Esq., was re-elected, to serve the remainder of the year; and in 1737, a Samuel Taylor, Esq., was again elected, and this is no doubt the same person, making his third election.

It is, I think, evident from the following, which may be found in Green's History of that city, vol. ii. p. 106. of Appendix, that their burial-place was in a vault at the west end of the north aisle of St. Helen's Church:--

"Opposite the pulpit--Richard Taylor, Alderman of this city, died
Nov. 11th, 1754, aged sixty-eight. There are several more of the
same family interred under this stone."

In 1718, a Mr. Thomas Taylor, lay clerk, and in 1719, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Thomas Taylor, a lay clerk of this church (Worcester Cathedral), were buried therein.

I think it very probable, from the orthography of the names being alike, that the above parties were connected by family ties.

I do not find, either in my own MS., in Green's History, or any other work, memorials of the same name in any other of the Worcester churches.

Nash, in his County History, gives the arms of Taylor of Welland, a small village near Upton-on-Severn: "sable, a lion passant, argent."

On flat stones within the communion-rails of that (Welland) church are the following inscriptions:--

"Edmund Taylor, Esq., died 10 Jan., 1721, aged 55.

"'Hic jacet Radulphus Taylor vir nullo non doctrinæ genere
instructissimus uxorem duxit Penelopen filiam natu secundam
Nicholai Lechmere de Hanleycastle, armigeri, quarto die Junii,
obiit, A.D. 1676, æt. 39;' and several of their children are here
buried.

"Penelope Taylor, died 29 May, 1710, aged 62."

Arms on the stone.

I know of no family of the name resident in that city; but, having left it many years, I am almost a stranger to its inhabitants. But I recollect a gentleman of that name resident at Strensham, the birth-place of the poet Butler (_Hudibras_), and who, to his honour, in 1843, erected a monument to the memory of that celebrated man, in the church of his native village. His name was John Taylor, Esq.

J. B. WHITBORNE.

Replies to Minor Queries.

_Portrait of Mesmer_ (Vol. v., p. 418.).--Your correspondent SIGMA may be informed that there is an engraved portrait of Mesmer in tom. xiii. p. 261. of the _Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains_, Paris, 1824.

TYRO.

Dublin.

_Sleeveless_ (Vol. i., p. 439.).--Your correspondent might have found "_sleeveless_ errand" explained by Tooke; and from him by Todd and Richardson. It is "an errand without cover or pretext." Skinner, with the word _sleeve_, A.-S. _slife_, tegmen, before his eyes, could write, "_a liveless_ or lifeless errand." Earm-slife is "that with which the arm is _covered_."

Q.

_Barbarian_ (Vol. ii., p. 78.).--Gibbon observes that--

"In the time of Homer, when the Greeks and Asiatics might probably
use a common idiom, the imitative sound of _Bar-Bar_ was applied
to the ruder tribes, whose pronunciation was most harsh, and whose
grammar was most defective."

Ch. 51. n. 162.

Tooke's suggestion is, that the Gr. βαρυς, strong, with a reduplication of the first syllable βαρ, gave the compound βαρ-βαρος; their great strength being the characteristic for which the barbarians were distinguished by the Greeks. (_Div. of Purley_, vol. ii. p. 183. 8vo. ed.)

Q.

"_O wearisome condition_" (Vol. iii., p. 241.).--Q. inquired after the author of some remarkable verses quoted by Tillotson, beginning "O wearisome conditions of humanity." By the kind assistance of the Rev. A. Dyce, I am enabled to answer, that they are by Lord Brooke, in his tragedy of _Mustapha_, and may be found at p. 159. of his _Works_, in one vol. small folio, 1633.

Q.

_The Meaning of "to be a Deacon"_ (Vol. v., p. 228.).--An allusion to the fact, that to become a deacon (the first step in the priesthood) it was necessary to have _the hair cut_, which is also done previous to beheading. In Foxe's time the customs of the Roman church were known to all.

J. B. C.

_Dr. Richard Morton._--Perhaps the following brief particulars of this celebrated physician may be acceptable to your correspondent M. A. LOWER, Vol. v., p. 227. He was born in the county of Suffolk, educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he became Chaplain of New College. He was for some time chaplain, and probably tutor, to the Foley family in Worcestershire; but after the Restoration took his degrees in medicine, and became an eminent practitioner in London, dying at his residence in Surrey in the year 1698. An engraved portrait of him, with the large flowing wig of the period, now lies before me, with this inscription:

"Richardus Morton, M.D.
Colleg: Med: Lond: Soc."

I have not been able to discover whether this gentleman was related to the Mortons of Severn Stoke, co. Worcester.

J. B. WHITBORNE.

_Moravian Hymns_ (Vol. iv., pp. 30. 502.; Vol. v., pp. 113. 129.).--Your correspondents having met with the third part only, I will describe the first and second parts now before me. Both were printed for James Hutton, London, 1746, who printed also _The Watchwords of the Covenant in the Blood of Jesus for the Years 1743 and 1746_. They contain 403 hymns, and two supplements. I have sought in vain for the hymn in the _New Bath Guide_, but the two following will show that Anstey did not colour too highly.

Many circumstances concurred to render these books now very rare. The impression was undoubtedly limited, and the wear and tear of enthusiastic singers for above a century, of a 12mo. book of nearly a thousand pages, very great. Unless preserved in "N. & Q.," the existence of such hymns might be doubted some years hence, even by the religious fraternity for whom they were compiled, and whose collection is now widely different:

"Jesu! our joy, and loving friend,
Both thy dear wings around extend,
Thy little chickens hide.
Would Satan seize us as his prey,
Then let the angels sing and say,
This chick shall undisturb'd abide."

P. 328.

"My Jesus is my love,
I am his little dove,
Which flies upon his hands
And there her food demands;
Which wants herself to hide
In that his bleeding side," &c.

P. 548.

E. D.

_Junius Rumours_ (Vol. v., pp. 125. 159.).--In spite of the memorable declaration of Junius that his secret should perish with him, and the hitherto unsatisfactory attempts that have been made to draw him from his hiding-place, I have ever felt assured that he will eventually be unearthed. After half a century's active exertion, the "Iron Mask" was unveiled.

I recollect that, somewhere in Woodfall's edition, is a letter from Junius, requiring a copy of the letters to be sent him, bound in a particular manner and colour, which, at the time that edition came out, was thought likely to afford a clue to the detection: some such casual notice may not yet be unlikely to lead to the discovery. Many years since, in conversation with an old officer, then barrack-master at Pendennis Garrison, Captain Hall, he related a circumstance that occurred when he was a boy, that curiously impressed itself on his memory. His family and Woodfall's were intimate, and when about ten years old he was taken by his mother to see Woodfall, whilst in prison on account of the publication of these redoubtable letters.

During this visit a tea-service of plate was received by Woodfall as a present from Junius, and was exhibited with no small degree of pride and gratification. Surely two such circumstances could not occur without being known to more than one or two persons; and had the inquiry been keenly followed up, I think, not unreasonably, that a chance might be afforded for the solution of the problem.

JAMES CORNISH.

_Wyned_ (Vol. v., p. 321.).--The supposition that the initial _w_ of this word may have been a misreading for _pa_, however ingenious, is not tenable. Not having the MS. at hand (it is in the University Library, Cambridge), I wrote to a learned friend there to request him to refer to the passage. He assures me that the word is _wyned_, not _payned_. Indeed, the precedent being fairly written in a clerkly hand, there was little possibility of mistake. I beg, therefore, to leave the word in the hands of your etymological reader for further suggestion or explanation.

C. W. G.

_The Tradescants_ (Vol. iii., pp. 119. 286. 391. 393. 469.; Vol. v., pp. 266. 367. 385.).--The ensuing Note, although it has no reference to _the_ Tradescants who have been the subject of many interesting communications in "N. & Q.," will, perhaps, not be considered unacceptable; for, in conjunction with the mention made in the will of the younger John Tradescant (p. 367.) of his "two namesakes, Robert Tradescant and Thomas Tradescant of Walberswick in the Countie of Suffolk," to whom the testator, if his love is to be estimated by the amount of their legacies, would not appear to have borne much esteem,--it establishes the fact that there was, at that time, at least one collateral branch of the Tradescant family. I find in the town books of Harleston, in Norfolk, the name of a _John Tredeskin_ as a resident in that town in the year 1682-83, and of _Mr. Robert Tredeskin_ from 1683-84 to 1688-89 inclusive, and from that time to 1691-92 _Mrs. Tradeskin_, widow, appears as the occupier, in the last year the name being spelt _Tradescant_. The name also occurs in the Court Books of the Manor of Harleston. Robert Tradescant, and Martha his wife, are mentioned in 1687, and it appears that she survived and was afterwards the wife of Charles Fox, gentleman. In 1721 John Tradescant is described as son and heir of the said Robert and Martha, both deceased. I have not met with it at a later period. Whether this Harleston family branched from Walberswick, or whether either were actually related to the Lambeth Tradescants,--for the term "namesake" does not of itself imply relationship--is not certain, but both are at all events probable. I may observe that the prefix _Mr._ indicated a person above the rank of a tradesman, and such as we should now address upon a letter as "Esquire."

G. A. C.

_Movable Organs and Pulpits_ (Vol. v., p. 345.).--Of the first-named class of curious ecclesiastical structures I know of no examples; of one of the latter, the following notice occurs in Mr. Wesley's _Journal_, vol. iv. p. 213.:--

"_Aug. 15 (1781)._ I went to Sheffield: in the afternoon I took a
view of the chapel lately built by the Duke of Norfolk. One may
safely say, there is none like it in the three kingdoms, nor, I
suppose, in the world. It is a stone building, an octagon, about
eighty feet in diameter.... The pulpit is movable: it rolls upon
wheels; and is shifted once a quarter, that all the pews may face
it in their turns: I presume the first contrivance of the kind in
Europe."

This was an episcopal place of worship connected with a noble charity, "The Shrewsbury Hospital," a suite of liberally-endowed almshouses for old people of both sexes. The "chapel" in question, as well as the almshouses, have, many years ago, given place to a large market. But I must add, the charity still flourishes, and its recipients enjoy a suite of beautiful little dwellings, and a commodious place of worship, in a pleasant and airy part of "Sheffield Park."

J. H.

There is a movable pulpit in Norwich Cathedral.

J. B.

_Scologlandis and Scologi_ (Vol. v., p. 416.).--These words are derived from _sgológ_, a Celtic word meaning a farmer, a husbandman, and probably denote the husbandlands and husbandmen holding the kirktoun (church lands) of Ellon, or parts thereof. A distinction is drawn between the husbandman and the cotter in an unpublished return to an inquisition in 1450, concerning the payments and services due by certain tenants of some ecclesiastical lands--"that is to say, of ylke husband an thraf (threave) of corn and half an ferlot of meil, and of ylke coter an pek." The husbands of church lands (bondi of Scotch charter Latin?) were in all likelihood the "Kyndlie tenantis" of the church, who seem to have had a sort of hereditary right to renewal of their leases on payment of a fine, either taxed or uncertain. In a charter lately before me, a lease of tithes was renewed to the holder as "Kyndlie tenant," on payment of a grassum (equivalent to a fine), and it was declared that the said tenant and his ancestors had held the vicarage land hereditarily, past the memory of man, on payment of a rent, though the said vicarage land belonged in property to the vicar. Neither _sgológ_ nor _bondi_ are applicable to tenants of church lands exclusively. The compilers of the Highland Society's _Gaelic Dictionary_ do not appear to have met with the word _sgológ_, or, if they did, have confounded it with _scalóg_ or _sgalóg_, a boor, a hind, a countryman.

DE CAMERA.

_St. Botolph_ (Vol. v., p. 396.).--Your correspondent A. B. has anticipated an inquiry I was about to make as to the history of this saint, which I am desirous of learning. It is a rather singular circumstance that three churches dedicated to St. Botolph, and all of ancient foundation, are situated immediately without gates of the city, viz. at Aldgate, Bishopsgate, and Aldersgate. There was also before the Great Fire a church similarly dedicated at Billingsgate, and a water-gate, called Buttolph's gate (_vide_ Stow).

I can hardly imagine that this is merely a coincidence, and should be glad to know whether any explanation can be given of it.

J. R. J.

_Which are the Shadows?_ (Vol. v., p. 281.).--An extract from the _Memoirs of Wordsworth_, vol. ii. p. 273., will throw some little light on J. C. R.'s perplexities:

"The anecdote of the saying of the monk, in sight of Titian's
picture, was told me in this house (Rydal Mount) by Mr. Wilkie,
and was, I believe, first communicated to the world in this poem,
the former portion of which I was composing at the time ('Lines
suggested by a Portrait by F. Stone, 1834'). Southey heard the
story from Miss Hutchinson, and transferred it to the _Doctor_; my
friend Mr. Rogers, in a note _subsequently_ added to his _Italy_,
speaks of the same remarkable words having many years before been
spoken in his hearing by a monk or priest in front of a picture of
the Last Supper, placed over a refectory table in a convent at
Padua."

It is much to be feared that this goes far towards reducing "the mild Jeronymite's" remark to the established order of _stereotype_. On which supposition, one need not wonder that--

"his griefs
Melted away within him like a dream,
Ere he had ceased to gaze, perhaps to speak."

J.

_Nightingale and Thorn_ (Vol. iv., pp. 175. 242.; Vol. v., pp. 39. 305.).--Is it known to your correspondents who take an interest in this subject, that the nightingale, when she builds her nest, _inserts a thorn about an inch long in the centre of it_, probably to lean her breast against.

During my angling excursions I often get comfortably housed at a little farmer's in Berks, and in conversation with him, about two years ago, relative to the habits of the nightingale, he mentioned this peculiarity, adding that he carried a nest home with a thorn an inch long built strongly through the middle of it. I recollected at the time the subject had been treated by some of our poets, but was not aware that it had any practical applicability.

In Berkshire they say of the nightingale's plaintive ditty:

"I've a thorn in my breast,
And can get no rest."

MARYBONE.

_Groom of the Stole_ (Vol. v., p. 347.).--Your correspondent J. R. (Cork) is in error when he asserts that the above-named office does not belong to female majesty.

Among the collection of pictures at Montreal, in Kent, is a portrait which was purchased at the sale at Strawberry Hill, in 1842, on the back of which is the following inscription in the handwriting of Horace Walpole:

"Lady Elizabeth Percy, only daughter and heiress of Josceline,
last Earl of Northumberland. She was first married to Henry Holles
Cavendish, Lord Ogle, only son of Henry, Duke of Newcastle. 2ndly,
To Thomas Thynne, Esquire, who was murdered by Count Konismark.
And, lastly, to Charles Seymour Duke of Somerset. To Queen Anne
she was groom of the stole, and had great influence."

Vide Swift's _Journal_.

By Beatson's _Political Index_ it appears that her predecessor in this office was Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough.

E. H. Y.

_The De Clares_ (Vol. v., p. 261.).--I am sorry that I am unable to give your correspondents, MR. GRAVES of Kilkenny, and E. H. Y., any information on the subject of the De Clares. The pedigree from which I quoted is not one of that family, but merely contains some few of them; introduced, as I said before, among the "præclarissimæ affinitates." The arms of Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, are brought into the shield of quarterings through the well-known line of Marshall, De Braose, Cantelupe, La Zouche, and thence through Burdet and Ashbye; nor, with the exceptions of the last three, is there much mention of each family, but merely what is necessary to show their descent.

H. C. K.

---- Rectory, Hereford.

_Book of Jasher_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--You might have added to your list of editions of this work, one printed at New York in 1840, a number of copies of which have been recently sent to this country. The title is _The Book of Jasher, referred to in Joshua and Second Samuel, faithfully translated from the Original Hebrew_, 8vo. pp. 267. It was published with the recommendations of many learned men in America, one of which by Prof. Noah, who appears to be the translator, I think worth extracting as giving some idea of the character of the book:--

"Without giving it to the world as a work of divine inspiration,
or assuming the responsibility to say that it is not an inspired
book, I have no hesitation in pronouncing it a work of great
antiquity and interest, and a work that is entitled, even
regarding it as a literary curiosity, to a great circulation among
those who take pleasure in studying the Scriptures."

WM. BROWN, Jun., Bibliop.

Old Street.

I have read this book formerly. It is the _jeu d'esprit_ of an unbeliever. The drift of it is, to present a cotemporary naturalist account of the Mosaic and Josuetic histories, in opposition to the supernatural histories in the Bible. But I remember seeing announced among the intended publications of the Oriental Translation Fund, the "Book of Jasher." That proves a work, so entitled, to exist in some oriental language. What has become of that manuscript; and why was the translation of it never printed, as promised? I have long wished to learn.

A. N.