Chapter IV: Part ONE: Word Analysis (2)

1. _abs_ tain, from 2. _con_ tain, together 3. _de_ tain, from 4. detent _ion_, act of 5. _main_ tain, hand 6. _re_ tain, back 7. _sus_ tain, (sub) under 8. ten _ant_, one who 9. tenet 10. ten _able_, capable of 11. ten_acious_, quality of 12. ten_ure_, that which

1. To _abstain_ from drink is to _hold from_ it, to refrain voluntarily.

2. A vessel _contains_ a liquid when it _holds_ its particles _together_.

3. To _detain_ the wages of a laborer is to _hold_ them _from_ him after they are due.

5. _Maintain_ literally means to _hold_ by the _hand_; to preserve from falling. To hold fast; to keep in possession; as, to _maintain_ one's ground in battle.

7. _Sustain._ To _hold_ up from _beneath_; to uphold; to support; to endure.

8. A _tenant_ is _one who holds_ land under another.

9. A _tenet_ is an opinion or doctrine _held_ as true.

10. _Tenable._ _Capable of_ being _held_; as ground taken for argument.

11. _Tenacious._ Having the _quality_ of _holding_ fast.

12. One's _tenure_ of office is _that_ time during _which_ he _holds_ office.

#terr# = earth.

1. _in_ ter, in 2. inter _ment_, act of 3. _sub_ terranean, under 4. terr _ace_, that which 5. terra _cotta_, baked 6. terrestri _al_, relating to 7. terr _ier_, that which 8. territ _ory_, relating to 9. _Medi_ terranean, middle 10. Terra del _Fuego_, fire 11. Terre _Haute_, high 12. terra _firma_, firm

1. To bury _in_ the _earth_; as a dead body.

3. Situated or occurring _under_ the surface of the _earth_; as _subterranean_ forests--buried forests.

4. A _terrace_ is a long mound or raised portion of _earth_.

5. _Terra cotta_ is literally _baked earth_. A species of hard pottery used in building; ornamentation.

6. _Terrestrial._ _Relating to_ the _earth_, earthly.

7. A _terrier_ is one of a small breed of dogs, named from their propensity to scratch the ground or _earth_ in pursuit of prey.

8. _Territory._ _Relating to_ the _earth_; a large extent or tract of land.

9. The Mediterranean Sea is so called because situated in the _middle_ of the _land_. In the middle of the ancient known world.

10. Terra del _Fuego_ means literally the land of fire (_del_, of).

11. _Terre Haute_ means _high land_. A city in Indiana situated on high land.

12. _Terra firma_ is a Latin phrase, frequently met in English. It means _firm land_.

EIGHTH MONTH.

#ac# = pertaining to.

1. _cardi_ ac, heart 2. _demoni_ ac, demon 3. _mani_ ac, mad 4. _zodi_ ac, animal

1. _Cardiac._ _Pertaining to_ or resembling the _heart_; exciting action in the heart.

2. _Demoniac._ _Pertaining to demons_; one possessed of an evil spirit; a lunatic.

3. _Maniac._ Raving with _madness_; crazy; insane.

4. _Zodiac._ _Pertaining to_ the imaginary _animals_ figured in the twelve constellations forming a circle around the sun.

#ics# = science of.

1. _civ_ ics, citizen 2. _eth_ ics, character 3. _econom_ ics, (see below) 4. _mechan_ ics, machine 5. _opt_ ics, see 6. _phys_ ics, nature 7. _phon_ ics, sound 8. _polit_ ics, city

1. _Civics._ The _Science_ which treats of _citizen_ship.

2. _Ethics._ The _science_ of right conduct--of _character_-building.

3. _Economics_ literally means, the science of _managing_ the _household_; the science of the production and distribution of wealth, or the means of living well.

4. _Mechanics._ The _science of machinery_, or the theory of machines.

5. _Optics._ The _science_ which treats of light and _vision_, and all that is connected with the phenomena of sight.

6. _Physics._ The _science_ which treats _of_ the forces of _nature_; as, gravitation, light, heat, electricity.

7. _Phonics._ The _science of sound_; especially of sounds produced by the human voice.

8. _Politics._ The _science_ which treats of the government of states and _cities_.

#ism# = state of being, theory of.

1. _altru_ ism, other 2. _barbar_ ism, foreign 3. _ego_ tism, self, I 4. _commun_ ism, common 5. _hero_ ism, hero 6. _hypnot_ ism, sleep 7. _organ_ ism, organ 8. _sensual_ ism, sense

1. _Altruism._ The _theory_ that devotion to the interests of _others_ is the highest good.

2. _Barbarism._ The _state_ of _being foreign_; rude in point of manners, arts and literature.

3. _Egotism._ The _state of being self_-centered, self-conceited, and unduly self-confident; selfish as opposed to altruistic.

4. _Communism._ A _theory of_ government and social order according to which property is held in _common_, and the profits of all labor devoted to the general good.

5. The _state of being_ a _hero_ or having heroic qualities; as, lofty aim, fearlessness, fortitude.

6. _Hypnotism._ An artificially induced _state of sleep_, in which the mind becomes passive, but acts readily upon suggestion or direction.

7. _Organism._ The _state of being_ composed of different _organs_ or parts, working together and each necessary to the whole.

8. _Sensual_ism. The _state_ which regards the gratification of the _senses_ as the highest good.

#y# = state of being.

1. a _path_ y, feel 2. _anti_ pathy, against 3. an _arch_ y, rule 4. bi _gam_ y, marriage 5. eu _phon_ y, sound 6. melan _chol_ y, bile 7. mis _anthrop_ y, mankind 8. _phil_ anthrop y, love 9. mono _pol_y, sell 10. _poly_ gam y, many 11. _sym_ path y, with

1. _Apathy_ (a = without). _State of being without feeling_; lack of interest; mental indifference; sluggishness.

2. _Antipathy._ A _state of feeling against_ or antagonistic to a person or thing; as, _antipathy_ to spiders.

3. _Anarchy_ (an = without). _State of being without rule_; social and political disorder.

4. _Bigamy_ (bi = two). _State of being married twice_; having two wives or two husbands at the same time.

5. _Euphony_ (eu = well). _State of being_ agreeable in _sound_; _well_-sounding.

6. _Melancholy_ (melan = black). _State of having black bile_; gloomy state of mind arising from grief or natural indisposition.

7. _Misanthropy_ (mis = hatred). _State of having hatred_ for _mankind_; ill will for people in general.

9. _Monopoly_ (mono = one). _State of having_ the exclusive (_sole_) privilege or power to _sell_ an article at a certain place and time.

11. _Sympathy._ _State of feeling with_ another (as he feels) on account of his sufferings, misfortune, or joy.

NOTE.--The suffix _y_ has the same meaning in the following words. They are, however, too simple to need defining; in fact, there are no simpler words on which to base definitions: airy, balky, bony, briny, chunky, downy, dusty, healthy, hearty, miry, musty, rusty, scaly, showy, sinewy, wealthy, worthy.

#chron# = time.

1. chron _ic_, pertaining to 2. chronicl _er_, one who 3. chron _ology_, science of 4. chrono _meter_, measure 5. _syn_ chron ous, together 6. ana chron _ism_, state of

1. _Pertaining to time_; continuing a long time, as a _chronic_ disease; hence mild as to intensity and slow as to progress.

2. _Chronicler._ _One who_ records events in the order of their occurrence in _time_.

3. _Chronology._ The _science of_ ascertaining the true historic order (in _time_) of past events and their exact dates.

4. _Chronometer._ Any instrument for _measuring time_; as, clock, watch, dial. Specifically, an instrument of great accuracy used on vessels for determining longitude.

5. _Synchronous._ Occurring _together_ in _time_; happening or existing at the same time.

6. _Anachronism_ (ana = back). Any error in respect to dates. Literally, _state of being_ placed at a wrong _time_. The significance of _ana_ in this word is not clear; the original meaning probably was, the referring of an event to a _time back_ of its correct date.

#ge# = earth.

1. geo _graph_ y, write 2. geo _logy_, science of 3. geo _metr_ y, measure 4. Ge_orge_, (erg) work

1. _Geography._ A description (_writing_) of the _earth_ and its inhabitants.

2. _Geology._ The _science_ which treats of the structure of the _earth_; of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, etc.

3. _Geometry._ That branch of mathematics which treats of the measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles. So called because one of its earliest and most important applications was to the _measurement_ of the _earth's_ surface.

4. _George._ A tiller (_worker_) of the _earth_; a farmer.

NOTE 1.--Other words, kindred to the above, containing this root-form are: geometric, geometrical, geometrician, geographic, geologize, geologist.

NOTE 2.--_O_ is no part of the root. It is the "wedding ring" that ties roots of families together.

#graph# = write.

1. _auto_ graph, self 2. _bio_ graphy, life 3. _chiro_ graphy, hand 4. _tri_ graph, three 5. graph_ic_, pertaining to 6. graphite 7. _litho_ graph, stone 8. _mono_ graph, single 9. ortho _graphy_, right 10. _para_ graph, beside 11. _phono_ graph, sound 12. _photo_ graphy, light 13. _steno_ graphy, narrow 14. _topo_ graphy, place

6. _Graphite_ is a mineral used in lead pencils for _writing_.

7. _Lithograph._ A _writing_ on _stone_ [Rare]. Made by printing (_writing_) from _stone_; as a picture.

8. _Monograph._ A _written_ account or description of a _single_ thing, or class of things.

9. _Orthography._ The art of _writing_ words correctly (_right_), or according to standard usage.

10. _Paragraph._ (See fifth month, page 29.)

12. A _photograph_ is produced by the action of _light_ (_writing_, as it were,) upon chemically prepared paper.

13. _Stenography_ is short (in a somewhat vague sense _narrow_) hand _writing_.

14. _Topography._ A _written_ description of a particular _place_, town, or tract of land; especially the description of the physical features of a locality.

#log, logy# = speech, reason, science of.

1. logic 2. logic _ian_, one who 3. _apo_ logy, from 4. _chrono_ logy, time 5. _deca_ logue, ten 6. _dia_ logue, between 7. _epi_logue, upon 8. _eu_ logy, well 9. eulog _ize_, act of 10. _geo_ logy, earth 11. _mono_ logue, single 12. _myth_ ology, fable 13. _ornith_ ology, bird 14. _psych_ ology, soul 15. _pro_ logue, before 16. _theo_ logy, God 17. _dox_ ology, praise 18. _zoo_ logy, animal

1. _Logic._ The science of _reason_.

3. An _apology_ is a _speech_ in defense of what appears to others wrong, the speaker thereby seeking relief _from_ blame.

5. _Decalogue._ The _ten_ commandments (_speeches_) given to Moses on Mount Sinai.

7. _Epilogue._ A _speech_ or poem at the end of an argument or address; a speech _upon_ (on top of, or in addition to) what has been said.

14. _Psychology._ The _science_ which treats of the human _soul_ (mind and spirit included) and its operations.

EIGHTH YEAR.

FIRST MONTH.

#ad# = to, toward.

(ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at, denote the same as _ad_. The consonant is changed for the sake of euphony.)

1. ad _dress_, direct 2. ad _equate_, equal 3. ad _here_, stick 4. adher _ent_, one who 5. a _dieu_, God 6. ad _ject_ ive, throw 7. ad _journ_, day 8. ad _mon_ ish, warning 9. ad _apt_, fit 10. ad _opt_, choose 11. ad _vent_, come 12. ad _vert_ ise, turn 13. ag _greg_ ate, flock 14. al _lure_, entice 15. an _nex_, bind 16. ap _pend_, hang 17. af _fix_, fasten 18. ar _rive_, bank 19. as _sail_, leap 20. at _tach_, fasten

1. To _address_ a letter is to _direct_ it _to_ its destination.

2. One is _adequate_ to a duty or occasion when _equal to_ it.

3. To _adhere_ is to _stick to_; as, a stamp to an envelope.

4. "Every great man has his _adherents_" (_those who stick to_ him).

5. _Adieu._ A farewell; a commendation _to_ the care of _God_.

6. An _adjective_ is a word added (in a sense _thrown_) _to_ a noun to modify its meaning.

7. _Adjourn._ To put off _to_ another _day_, or indefinitely.

8. To _admonish_ is to give a friendly _warning to_; to give advice.

9. To _adapt_ is to _fit to_ a certain purpose.

10. To _adopt_ is to _choose_ (_to_ one's self); as to _adopt_ a child.

11. _Advent._ The second _coming_ of Christ (_to_ the earth).

12. To _advertise_ goods is to cause the public to _turn_ their attention _to_ them.

13. To _aggregate_ is to collect _into_ a _flock_; to collect into a mass or sum.

14. To _allure_ is to attempt to _entice_ or draw (_to_) by the offer of some good, real or apparent.

15. To _annex_ is to _bind_, join or add _to_, as a smaller thing to a greater.

16. _Append_ means to _hang_ or attach _to_, as by a string.

17. _Affix._ To _fasten to_; to add at the close or end.

18. _Arrive_ literally means to come _to_ the _bank_ or shore (from out on the water). In present usage it means to reach any object or result.

19. _Assail._ To _leap toward_; to attack with violence.

20. _Attach._ To _fasten to_; to affix or connect.

#ante# = before.

1. ante _ced_ ent, go 2. ante di _luv_ ian, wash 3. ante _meridi_ an, midday 4. ante pen _ult_, last

1. _Antecedent._ That which _goes before_ in time.

2. _Antediluvian_ (di = away) (ian = one who). _One who_ lived _before_ the flood (_wash away_).

3. _Antemeridian._ _Before_ the _middle_ of the _day_. Generally abbreviated to A. M.

4. _Antepenult_ (pen = almost). _Before almost_ the _last_. The last syllable of a word but two.

#bi (bis)# = two (twice).

1. bi _ceps_, head 2. bi _cuspid_, point 3. bi _cycle_, circle. 4. bi _ennial_, year 5. bi _gamy_, marriage 6. bi _mana_, hand 7. bi _nomi_al, name or term 8. bi _ped_, foot 9. bis _cuit_, cook 10. bi _sect_, cut 11. bi _valve_, door 12. ba _lance_, plate

1. The _biceps_ is a muscle which draws up the forearm; so called because it has _two heads_ or origins.

2. The _bicuspid_ teeth have _two points_.

3. A _bicycle_ has _two_ wheels or _circles_.

4. _Biennial_ means lasting _two years_ or occurring once in two years.

5. A _bigamist_ is one who has been _married twice_, and who has two wives or two husbands at the same time.

6. The _bimana_ are animals having _two hands_; as man.

7. A _binomial_ in algebra is a quantity consisting of _two terms_.

8. A _biped_ is an animal having but _two feet_; as man.

9. _Biscuit_ were so called because formerly baked or _cooked twice_.

10. To _bisect_ a line is to _cut_ it into _two_ equal parts.

11. _Bivalve._ Having _two doors_; as the clam. (Each side or shell is comparable to a door, opening and shutting on a hinge.)

12. _Balances_ are so called because they consist of _two plates_ or pans suspended from the balance beam.

#con (col com cor)# = with, together.

1. col _lapse_, slip, fall 2. col _lect_, choose, gather 3. col _lide_, strike 4. col _loquy_, talk 5. com _mingle_, mix 6. com _miser_ate, pity 7. com _motion_, move 8. com _mute_, change 9. com _pany_, bread 10. com _posit_ion, put 11. com _peer_ (_par_), equal 12. con _cur_, run 13. con _fide_, faith 14. con _cord_, heart 15. con _flict_, strike 16. con _greg_ate, flock 17. con _tact_, touch 18. cor _robor_ ate, strength

1. A building _collapses_ when its sides _fall together_; when it tumbles down.

2. To _collect_ botanical specimens is to _gather_ them _together_.

3. Two objects _collide_ when they _strike together_.

4. A _colloquy_ is a _talking together_ of two or more people.

5. _Commingle_ means to _mix together_; as people in society.

6. _Commiserate._ To feel sorrow, pain or _pity_ (_with_ another).

7. A _commotion_ is a _moving together_; a tumult.

8. _Commute._ To _change_ one thing (_with_) for another; to exchange. To substitute a less thing for a greater.

9. _Company_ formerly meant an assembly of people eating _bread together_.

10. _Composition._ The act of _putting_ parts _together_ to produce a harmonious whole.

11. One's _compeer_ is the _equal with_ himself in rank, age, prowess, etc.

12. Two people _concur_ in regard to a matter when their minds _run together_; when they agree.

13. To _confide_ in one is to have _faith_ in him; to intrust secrets _with_ him.

14. _Concord_ means literally _heart with_ heart; agreement; harmony.

15. _Conflict._ A _striking together_; hostile contest.

16. To _congregate_ means to _flock_ or assemble _together_.

17. _Contact._ A _touching together_; a close union of bodies.

18. _Corroborate._ To _strengthen_; to make more certain; to confirm. Two statements _corroborate_ when one agrees _with_ the other; each thus _strengthens_ the other.

#de# = down, from.

1. de _capi_ tate, head 2. de _cid_ uous, fall 3. de _fine_, end, limit 4. de _grade_, step, degree 5. de _ject_ ed, cast 6. de _pose_, place put 7. de _preci_ ate, price 8. de _scend_, climb 9. de _spic_ able, look 10. de _tract_, draw

1. _Decapitate._ To take the _head from_ the body; to behead.

2. The leaves of _deciduous_ trees _fall_ (_down_) once a year.

3. _Define._ To put _down_, or mark out the bounds or _limit_; to fence _from_; to determine the precise meaning; to describe accurately.

4. _Degrade._ To reduce from a higher (_down_) to a lower rank or _degree_.

5. _Dejected._ _Cast down_ in spirit; discouraged.

6. _Depose._ To _put down_; especially to remove from a throne or high station.

7. _Depreciate._ To put _down_ the _price_; to reduce the value of.

8. _Descend._ To _climb down_.

9. _Despicable._ Deserving to be _looked down_ upon; low, mean, contemptible.

10. _Detract._ To _draw from_; to take away; as, to take credit or reputation from.

#capt (caput)# = head.

1. _bi_ ceps, two 2. capit _al_, pertaining to 3. capt _ain_, one who 4. capit ul _ate_, act of 5. _de_ capitate, from 6. cab(b) _age_, that which 7. _per_ capita, by 8. cap. 9. cape

1. _Biceps._ A large muscle of the upper arm, so called because it has _two heads_ or origins.

2. _Pertaining to_ the _head_; chief; principal; as the _capital_ city.

3. _One who_ is at the _head_; a leader; as the _captain_ of a vessel, or a company of soldiers.

4. _Capitulate._ To surrender on stipulated terms or conditions; to draw up items under _heads_ or chapters.

5. _Decapitate._ To take the _head from_ the body.

6. _Cabbage._ A vegetable _which_ has a _head_.

7. _By_ the _head_; as a _per capita_ tax.

8. A _cap_ is a covering for the _head_.

9. A _cape_ is a _head_ of land.

#cede, ced, cess# = go, yield.

1. _ac_cede, to 2. _ante_cedent, before 3. _ex_ceed, out, beyond 4. _inter_cede, between 5. _pre_cede, before 6. _pro_ceed, forward 7. _re_cede, back 8. _se_cede, aside 9. _suc_ceed, (sub) after, under 10. access 11. an (te) cestor 12. excess 13. intercessor 14. predecessor 15. process 16. recess 17. secession 18. successor

1. _Accede._ To _yield to_; to agree; consent, concur; go to.

2. The _antecedent_ of a pronoun is the noun which _goes before_ it, and for which the pronoun stands.

3. _Exceed._ To _go beyond_ what is needed or expected.

4. To _go between_ two persons as a mediator; especially to plead with the person who has some advantage over the other.

5. _Precede._ To _go before_ in order of time.

6. To _go_ on or _forward_; as _proceed_ with your work.

7. _Recede._ To _go back_ from a given position.

8. To _go aside_; to separate; as to _secede_ from the church.

9. To _go_ or follow _after_ in order of time; as, one shock _succeeded_ another with great rapidity.

NOTE 1.--The principal parts of the Latin verb are _cedo_, _cedere_, _cessi_, _cessum_. From this it appears that words 10-18 above are kindred in meaning and correspond to words 1-9.

NOTE 2.--Observe that in three of these words the root is spelled _ceed_, in the others _cede_.

#cent#--hundred.

1. cent _enni_ al, year 2. centi _grade_, step, degree 3. centi _meter_, measure 4. centi _ped_, foot 5. _per_ cent, by

1. Happening once in a _hundred years_. The _Centennial_ Exposition was held in Philadelphia in 1876, one hundred years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

2. Divided into one _hundred degrees_. On the _centigrade_ thermometer there are one hundred degrees between the freezing point and the boiling point.

3. _Centimeter._ The _hundredth_ part of a meter (standard of _measure_).

4. _Centiped._ A segmented invertebrate animal of the class nyrapod (Greek for _many feet_), so called because it has a great many (indefinitely one _hundred_) _feet_.

5. _By_ the _hundred_; as, six _per cent_; that is, six cents on the dollar.

#civ# = citizen.

1. _civ_ic, pertaining to 2. civ _il_, quality of 3. civil _ize_, to make 4. civil _ian_, one who

1. _Civic._ _Pertaining to_ a _citizen_, or the affairs of a city.

2. _Civil._ Fit to live in a state or society with _citizens_.

3. _Civilize._ To _make civil_. To instruct in the arts and customs of _citizen_ship.

4. A _civilian_ is _one whose_ pursuits are those of a _citizen_ and not of a _soldier_.

SECOND MONTH.

#ex# = out, beyond, from.

(_e_, _ec_, and _ef_, are euphonic variations of _ex_.)

1. ex _ceed_, go 2. ex _cept_, take 3. ex _clude_, shut 4. ex _curs_ion, run 5. ex _cuse_, charge 6. ex _hale_, breathe 7. ex _it_, go 8. ex _pand_, spread 9. ex _pect_, look 10. ex _ped_ ite, foot 11. ex _pel_, drive 12. ex _pire_, breathe 13. ex _port_, carry 14. ex _tent_, stretch 15. ex _tract_, draw

5. To _excuse_ is to relieve (take _out_) from the _charge_ of blame.

10. To _expedite_ is to hurry forward; especially by removing hinderances (as _from_ the _feet_).

#in (il, im, ir)# = in, into, on, not.

1. il _leg_ al, law 2. il _liter_ ate, letter 3. im _bibe_, drink 4. im _mature_, ripe 5. im _mense_, measure 6. im _merse_, plunge 7. im _mort_ al, death 8. im _mut_ able, change 9. im _pel_, drive 10. im per _vi_ ous, way 11. im _pious_, reverent 12. im _port_, carry 13. im _pose_, put 14. im _pulse_, drive 15. im _pun_ ity, punish 16. in _carn_ ate, flesh 17. in _clem_ ent, mild 18. in _cognito_, known 19. in _clude_, shut 20. in _crease_, grow 21. in _cred_ ible, believe 22. in _cur_, run 23. in _dorse_, back 24. in _duce_, lead 25. in _del_ ible, rub out 26. in _dent_, tooth 27. in _evit_ able, avoid 28. in _fid_el, faithful 29. in _fant_, speak 30. in _grate_, thankful 31. in _hale_, breathe 32. in _ject_, throw 33. in _nate_, born 34. in _nov_ ate, new 35. in _sect_, cut 30. in _spect_, look 37. in _toxic_ ate, poison 38. in _trude_, thrust 39. in _vade_, go 40. in _vert_, turn

NOTE.--In defining the words in this list choose that meaning of the prefix from the four given above (_in_, _into_, _on_, _not_) which is most suitable; thus: _imbibe_ means to drink _in_; immature, _not_ ripe; immerse, to plunge _into_; indorse, to write _on_ the back of.

2. An _illiterate_ person is one _not_ familiar with _letters_; one who has little or no learning.

5. Literally, anything is _immense_ when it can _not_ be _measured_; of vast extent.

7. _Immortal._ _Not_ liable to _death_.

10. Having _no way through_ (per = through); as, cloth which is _impervious_ to water; waterproof.

14. An _impulse_ is a sudden mental motive or feeling which tends to _drive_ one _on_ to say or do something.

15. _Not_ liable to _punishment_; freedom from the bad consequences which usually result from an act; as, the magician could eat fire with _impunity_.

16. _In_ the _flesh_; as Christ was the _incarnate_ Son of God.

17. _Not mild_, but harsh and severe; as _inclement_ weather.

18. _Not known_; under an assumed name; disguised; as a nobleman traveling _incognito_.

21. A story is _incredible_ when it is _not_ capable of being _believed_; unworthy of belief.

26. _Indent._ To cut _into_ points like a row of _teeth_.

29. _Infant._ A young babe (_not_ yet able to _speak_).

35. _Insect._ A small animal apparently _cut into_ segments.

40. _Invert._ To _turn_ the outside _in_; to place in a contrary way.

#ob# = against, in the way of.

(_oc_, _of_, _op_, are euphonic variations of _ob_.)

1. ob _ject_, throw 2. ob _loqu_ y, speak 3. ob _sta_ cle, stand 4. ob _struct_, build 5. ob _trude_, thrust 6. oc _cupy_, hold 7. of _fend_, strike 8. op _pon_ ent, place

1. An _objection_ to a proposition is an opinion _thrown against_ or in opposition to it.

2. _Obloquy._ A _speaking against_; language that casts contempt on men and their actions.

6. To take and _hold_ (_against_ the possession of another); as to preempt and _occupy_ a homestead.

#post# = after, behind.

1. post _date_, date 2. post _pone_, place 3. post _script_, write 4. post _meridian_, midday 5. post _mortem_, death 6. _pre_ poster ous, before

6. _Preposterous_ originally meant, having that _first_ which ought to be _last_; hind side before; reversing the natural order. In present day usage, contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd.

#curr, curs# = run.

1. couri _er_, one who 2. _con_ cur, together 3. _con_ course, together 4. curs _ory_, ing 5. course 6. _ex_ curs ion, out 7. _in_ cur, into 8. _inter_ course, between 9. _pre_ curs or, before 10. _re_ course, back

1. A _courier_ is _one who runs_, or goes hastily with a message.

2. The opinions of people _concur_ when they agree, or _run together_.

3. A _concourse_ is an assemblage of people who have come (or _run_) _together_.

4. A _cursory_ glance is a hasty, and hence, a _running_ glance.

5. A race _course_ is a place for _running_.

7. To _incur_ a debt is to _run into_ it.

10. One who adds to his indorsement of a note or check the words "without _recourse_", says in effect, "You can't _run back_ on me for payment".

#dent# = tooth.

1. dent 2. dent _al_, pertaining to 3. dent _ate_, shaped like 4. dent _ist_, one who 5. _e_ dent ate, without 6. dan _de lion_, of lion

1. A _dent_ is an impression like that made by a _tooth_.

5. _Edentate_ animals, such as the sloth, are _without teeth_, or at least are without the incisors.

6. The _dandelion_ has yellow compound flowers which resemble the _tooth of_ the _lion_.

#dict# = speak, say, tell.

1. _bene_ dict ion, well 2. _contra_ dict, against 3. diction _ary_, that which 4. dict _ate_, act of 5. _e_ dict, out 6. _pre_ dict, before 7. _ver_ dict, truth 8. _male_ dict ion, bad

1. A _benediction_ is a blessing (a _speech_ to the effect that it may be _well_ with thee).

3. A _dictionary_ is a book in _which_ we may learn about words, the elements of _speech_.

4. To _dictate_ is to _speak_ or _say_ what another shall _write_ or do.

7. The _verdict_ of a jury is what they _say_ to be the _truth_ in the case.

#doc, doct# = teach.

1. doc _ile_, capable of 2. doct _or_, one who 3. doct _rine_, that which 4. docu _ment_, that which

1. _Docile._ Capable of being easily _taught_.

2. A _doctor_ is _one who_, by virtue of his master's degree, is qualified to _teach_.

3. Doctrine is _that which_ is _taught_; a principle taught as a part of a system of belief.

4. A _document_ is _that which teaches_ by means of the evidence it gives.

THIRD MONTH.

#pro# = for, forth, forward, before.

1. pro _bat_ ion, try, prove 2. pro _bosc_ is, feed 3. pro _crastin_ ate, tomorrow 4. pro _duce_, lead 5. pro (f) _fer_, bear, bring 6. pro _fuse_, pour 7. pro _gnostic_ ate, know 8. pro _gram_, write 9. pro _gress_, step 10. pro _ject_, cast 11. pro _logue_, speech 12. pro _mise_, send 13. pro _mote_, move 14. pro _noun_, noun 15. pro _pel_, drive 16. pro _pose_, put 17. pro _spect_, look 18. pro _trude_, thrust 19. pro _vide_, see 20. pro _voke_, call

1. One who joins a church on _probation_ is given a _trial_ to _prove_ his worthiness _before_ being fully admitted.

2. A hollow organ attached to the head or mouth (the _forward_ portion) of the animal with which he _feeds_.

3. To put _forward_ till _tomorrow_, or to put off from time to time. "Procrastination is the thief of time."

6. A _profuse_ speaker _pours forth_ ideas freely.

12. One's _promise_ is his word, spoken or written, _sent forth_ as evidence of something more substantial to follow.

16. When a young man _proposes_ he _puts_ the question _before_ his lady.

19. A good _provider sees_ necessities _before_hand and prepares to meet them.

20. To _provoke_ laughter is to _call_ it _forth_.

#retro# = backward.

1. retro _grade_, step 2. retro _spect_, look

#se (sed)# = aside.

1. se _cede_, go 2. se _clude_, shut 3. se _cure_, care 4. se _duce_, lead 5. se _greg_ ate, flock 6. se _lect_, gather

3. _Secure._ Free (_aside_) from _care_, as to danger or risk; as, _secure_ from attack, or _secure_ against loss by fire.

4. _Seduce._ To _lead_ or draw _aside_; especially from a path of rectitude. To lead into evil.

5. _Segregate._ To place or group (_flock_) _aside_ from others or the rest. In science, to put into a new or separate class.

#sub# = under, after, near.

(_suc_, _suf_, _sug_, _sup_, _sur_, are euphonic variations of _sub_.)

1. sub _due_ lead 2. sub _jug_ ate, yoke 3. sub _lunar_, moon 4. sub _merge_, plunge 5. sub _ordin_ ate, rank 6. sub _poena_, penalty 7. sub _scribe_, write 8. sub _side_, sit 9. sub _soil_, ground 10. sub _stance_, stand 11. sub _terr_ anean, earth 12. sub _trahe_ nd, draw 13. sub _urbs_, city 14. sub _way_, way 15. suc _cess_ or, go 16. suc _cumb_, lie 17. suf _fer_, bear 18. suf _fix_, fasten 19. suf _focate_, throat 20. sup _port_, carry

1. _Subdue._ To _lead_ or bring _under_ authority; to conquer.

2. _Subjugate._ To bring _under_ the _yoke_ of power or dominion.

3. _Sublunar._ Situated _under_neath the _moon_; hence earthly.

6. _Subpoena._ A writ commanding attendance _under penalty_.

7. _Subscribe._ To bind one's self to, by _writing_ one's name _under_neath; as to _subscribe_ to the terms of a contract.

8. _Subside._ To _sit_ (or settle) _under_ (down).

10. _Substance._ That which underlies (_stands under_) all outward manifestation.

11. _Subterranean._ Situated or occurring _under_ the surface of the _earth_.

12. The _subtrahend_ is placed _under_ the minuend to be _drawn_ from it.

13. _Suburb._ A town or village so _near_ to a _city_ that it may be used for residence by those doing business in the city.

15. _One who goes_ or follows _after_; as, a _successor_ in office.

16. _Succumb._ To _lie under_ discouragement, rather than to surmount it.

19. Certain fumes or vapors _under_ the mouth (or _throat_), will _suffocate_ one.

20. _Support._ To _carry_ on; keep up; as to _support_ a conversation; to _support_ a war. To bear the weight of, especially by holding up from beneath (_under_).

#trans# = across, over, through.

1. trans _act_, drive 2. trans _alpine_, Alps 3. trans _atlantic_, Atlantic 4. tran _scend_, climb 5. tran _scribe_, write 6. trans _fer_, carry 7. trans _form_, shape 8. trans _fuse_, pour 9. trans _gress_, step 10. trans _it_, go 11. trans _late_, carry 12. trans _lucent_, shining 13. trans _marine_, sea 14. trans _migration_, moving 15. trans _mit_, send 16. trans _mute_, change 17. trans _parent_, appear 18. trans _port_, carry 19. trans _pose_, put 20. trans _verse_, turn

The literal meanings of the twenty words given above are so apparent as to need no explanation. Illustrate each with a sentence.

#fin# = end, limit.

1. _Final._ _Pertaining to_ the _end_; the last.

2. _Finale._ The _end_ of a musical composition.

3. _Finish._ To _make_ an _end_ of.

4. _Fine._ Well _finished_. Also, a penalty assessed at the _end_ of the case.

5. _Refine._ Finished over (or _again_).

6. _Finite._ Having a _limit_ in power or knowledge.

7. _Infinite._ Having _no limit_ in power or knowledge.

8. _Confine._ To keep _within limits_ or bounds.

9. _Superfine._ _Over_ or extra finish.

#firm# = strong, steadfast.

1. _in_firm, not 2. infirm _ity_, that which 3. infirm _ary_, place where 4. _con_ firm, with 5. farm

1. _Infirm._ _Not strong_, but weak and defective.

2. _Infirmity._ _That_ with _which_ one is afflicted or infirm.

4. The testimony of one witness is made _stronger_ when that of another witness agrees _with_ or _confirms_ it.

5. A _farm_ is a substantial possession, _steadfast_ and immovable.

#flex, flect# = bend, turn.

1. flex _ible_, capable of 2. _in_ flexible, not 3. flexibil _ity_, quality 4. flect _or_, that which 5. _circum_ flex, around 6. _de_ flect, from 7. _re_ flection, back 8. _re_ flex, back

4. _That which bends_; as, the biceps muscle is the _flector_ which _bends_ the arm.

5. A _circumflex_ is a _bending around_ of the voice,--a rise and a fall on the same syllable.

7. _Reflection._ A _turning_ of the thoughts _back_ to things of the past.

8. Sensations arrested at the nerve centers and _turned back_ without their reaching the brain results in _reflex_ action.

#flu# = flow.

1. flu _ent_, characteristic of 2. _af_ fluence, (ad) to 3. _con_ fluence, together 4. _in_ fluence, in 5. influenz _a_ 6. _in_ flux, in 7. _super_ fluous, over 8. fluid 9. flush

1. A _fluent_ speaker uses smooth and _flowing_ language.

2. People of _affluence_ have wealth _flowing to_ them.

3. The _confluence_ of two streams is their _flowing together_.

4. _Influence_ literally means _flowing in_. The bringing about a result by a gradual process; gradual because _flowing_.

5. _Influenza._ A disease, somewhat allied to a cold, formerly attributed to the _influence_ of the stars.

8. A _fluid_ is so called because it is capable of _flowing_.

9. _Flush._ To _flow_ swiftly.

FOURTH MONTH.

#vice# = instead of.

1. vice president 2. vice admiral 3. vice _roy_, king 4. vic _ar_, one who 5. vice _versa_, turn

3. _Viceroy._ A ruler acting with kingly authority _instead of_ the _king_.

4. _Vicar._ In general, _one who_ is authorized to perform functions, especially religious ones, _instead of_ another.

5. _Vice versa._ _Turned_, one _instead of_ the other, interchanged.

#a (an)# = without, not.

1. a _byss_, bottom 2. a _cephal_ ous, head 3. a _chrom_ atic, color 4. a _gnostic_ ism, knowledge 5. an _archy_, rule 6. an _ecdote_, given out 7. an _esthetic_, feeling 8. an _onym_ ous, name 9. a _pathy_, suffer, feel 10. a _sylum_, right of seizure 11. a _the_ ist, God 12. a _tom_, cut

4. _Agnosticism._ The doctrine or theory that man has _not_ any real or absolute _knowledge_ of anything, but can know only "impressions".

5. _Anarchy._ A state of society in which there is _no_ authority or _ruling_ power.

6. _Anecdote_ [ec (ex) = out]. Originally a personal or biographical incident _not given out_ for publication.

7. That which causes a loss of sensation; hence, one who has taken an _anesthetic_ is _without_ the _feeling_ of pain.

10. _Asylum._ Originally a place of refuge where criminals or debtors were free from (_without_) the _right of seizure_.

11. _Atheist._ _One who_ is _without_ belief in the existence of a _God_.

12. _Atom._ The smallest particle of matter; hence a particle which _cannot_ be further _cut_ or divided.

#auto# = self.

1. auto _crat_, rule 2. auto _graph_, write 3. auto _bio_ graphy, life 4. auto _maton_, strive 5. auto _mobile_, move 6. aut _ops_ y, see

1. _Autocrat._ An absolute sovereign, one who has the _ruling_ power all in him_self_.

3. _Autobiography._ A _writing_ of one's _life_ by him_self_.

4. _Automaton._ A _self_ acting (_striving_) machine; one having its motive power within itself.

6. _Autopsy._ _Seeing_ by one's _self_; personal observation or examination.

#epi# = upon.

1. epi _cycle_, circle 2. epi _demic_, people 3. epi _dermis_, skin 4. epi _gram_, write 5. epi _sode_, way 6. epi _taph_, tomb 7. epi _thet_, place 8. epi _zooetic_, animal

1. _Epicycle._ A circle whose center moves around _upon_, or in, the circumference of another _circle_; as the orbit of the moon in its motion with the earth around the sun.

4. _Epigram._ Literally, to _write upon_. A short, pointed poem, or a bright thought concisely and sharply expressed.

5. _Episode._ Something which happens _upon_ the _way_, or comes in incidentally to the main enterprise.

7. _Epithet._ An adjective or term _placed upon_ a person or thing and expressing some quality especially appropriate to that person or thing.

8. _Epizooetic._ A disease _upon_ many _animals_ in a community.

#micro# = little.

micro _be_, life; micro _cosm_, world; micro _scope_, see, view.

#grat (grac)# = pleasing, favor, thankful.

1. grati _tude_, ness 2. grate _ful_, full of 3. grati _fy_, make 4. _in_ grati ate, into 5. _in_ grate, not 6. _un_ grateful, not 7. _dis_ grace, from 8. grac _ious_, having 9. _a_ gree, (ad) according to 10. gratis 11. grace

4. To become _ingratiated_ with another is to get _into_ his _favor_. "The pigmy had contrived to _ingratiate_ himself into every man's affection."--_Stanley._

5. An _ingrate_ is _not thankful_ for benefits received.

7. One in _disgrace_ is out of (away _from_) _favor_ with others.

9. An _agreement_ is entered into _according to_ the _pleasure_ of both parties.

10. _Gratis._ Out of, or because of, _favor_; without recompense.

11. _Grace._ Literally, _pleasing_; beloved.

#greg# = flock, herd.

1. _ag_ gregate, (ad) to 2. _con_ gregate, together 3. gregari _ous_, quality 4. _se_ gregate, aside

3. _Gregarious._ _Quality_ or characteristic of animals which tend to gather in _flocks_; as, sheep, geese, deer.

4. _Segregate._ To separate (_aside_) from others and form into an isolated group (_flock_).

#ject# = cast, throw.

1. _ab_ ject, away 2. _de_ jected, down 3. _e_ ject, out 4. _in_ ject, in 5. _ob_ ject, against 6. _pro_ ject, forth 7. _re_ ject, back 8. _ad_ jective, to 9. _inter_ jection, between 10. _sub_ ject, under

#leg# = law.

1. leg _al_, pertaining to 2. _il_ legal, not 3. legal _ity_, state of 4. legal _ize_, make 5. legis _late_, bring forth 6. _privi_ lege, private

6. A _private law_, a peculiar benefit, right, or favor not enjoyed by others or by all, is a _privilege_.

FIFTH MONTH.

#aceous# = having the quality of.

[In defining words of this ending, combine the meaning of the suffix with the meaning of the root; thus, _cretaceous_ means having the quality of _chalk_.]

1. _creta_ ceous, chalk 2. _crust_ aceous, shell 3. _carbon_ aceous, coal 4. _farin_ aceous, grain 5. _herb_ aceous, herb 6. _sapon_ aceous, soap

#al# = pertaining to.

1. _capit_ al, head 2. _corpor_ al, body 3. _cymb_ al, cup 4. _dent_ al, tooth 5. _di_ al, day 6. _fest_ al, feast 7. _fili_ al, son, daughter 8. _fin_ al, end 9. _flor_ al, flower 10. _frug_ al, fruit 11. _jovi_ al, merry 12. _leg_ al, law 13. _miner_ al, mine 14. _nas_ al, nose 15. _nat_ al, born 16. _nomin_ al, name 17. _norm_ al, rule 18. _pen_ al, punishment 19. _plur_ al, more 20. _reg_ al, king 21. _roy_ al, king 22. _rur_ al, country 23. _vit_ al, life 24. _voc_ al, voice

1. _Pertaining to_ the _head_, as, _capital_ punishment, which involves the forfeiture of the _head_.

10. A _frugal_ person is economical with his means, hence _fruitful_ in saving.

16. _Pertaining to_ the _name_ only, not real; as, a _nominal_ Christian.

17. _Pertaining to_ the standard or _rule_; as, the _normal_ color of the crow is black.

#ence#, as a suffix to nouns like the following, means _state of being_.

1. abs _tin_ ence, hold 2. af _flu_ ence, flow 3. bene _vol_ ence, wish 4. con _dol_ ence, grief 5. con _fid_ ence, faith 6. de _pend_ ence, hang 7. im _pot_ ence, power 8. _omni_ pot ence, all 9. re _tic_ ence, silent 10. _sequ_ ence, follow

1. _State of holding from_ something which tempts and entices; as, _abstinence_ from strong drink.

2. (See third month, page 63.)

3. _State of being_ actively desirous (_wishing_) for the _well_-being of others. "The laws of social _benevolence_ require that every man should try to assist others by his experience."

4. _Condolence._ _State of being_ in _grief_ or sympathy _with_ others on account of their afflictions.

5. _Confidence._ _State of being_ confident (of having _faith_ in others or in one's self).

6. _Dependence._ _State of being_ dependent (of _hanging_ [relying] on others for support).

7. _Impotence._ _State of being_ impotent (of having no _power_; weak; feeble).

8. _Omnipotence._ _State of being all powerful._

9. _Reticence_. _State_ or quality _of being silent_; refraining from speech.

10. _Sequence._ _State of being_ sequent (_following_); order of following.

#ance#, as a suffix to nouns like the following, means _state of being_.

1. con _cord_ ance, heart 2. con _son_ ance, sound 3. dis _cord_ ance, heart 4. dis _son_ ance, sound 5. _domin_ ance, master 6. ex _pect_ ance, look 7. _fragr_ ance, scent 8. re _pugn_ ance, fist 9. _sembl_ ance, similar 10. _temper_ ance, time

1. _Concordance._ _State of being heart with heart_; harmony; agreement.

2. _Consonance._ _State of_ agreement of _sound with sound_; tones in unison.

8. _Repugnance._ Literally, the _state of being_ disposed to fight (strike) _back_ (with the _fist_) [obsolete]. Opposition; aversion; dislike.

10. _Temperance._ _State of being_ well _timed_ (regular in habits) in eating, drinking, sleeping, exercising, etc.

#ent# = one who, that which.

1. ad _her_ ent, stick 2. ante _ced_ ent, go 3. _belliger_ ent, wage war 4. de _pend_ ent, hang 5. equi _val_ ent, power 6. in _solv_ ent, loosen 7. pre _ced_ ent, go 8. op _pon_ ent, place 9. re _pell_ ent, drive 10. _tang_ ent, touch

NOTE.--The meanings of the above prefixes have frequently been given. Combine the meaning of suffix, root, and prefix, adding other words when necessary, to make definitions. The only word in the list which can give any difficulty is number four, which is explained in the work of seventh year, sixth month, page 35.

#ment# = mind.

1. mental 2. comments 3. mention 4. memento 5. demented

1. One's _mental_ powers are the powers of his _mind_, including intellect, feeling, and will.

2. One's _comments_ on a topic generally reveal to some degree the state of his _mind_ in regard to it.

3. The _mention_ of a thing calls it to _mind_.

4. A _memento_ is a _reminder_.

5. A _demented_ person has the powers of his _mind_ impaired.

#mit, mitt# = send, let go.

1. _ad_ mit, to 2. _com_ mit, with 3. _e_ mit, out 4. _o_ mit, (ob) by 5. _per_ mit, through 6. _re_ mit, back 7. _sub_ mit, under 8. _trans_ mit, across

1. A ticket will _admit_ you (_let_ you _go_) to the entertainment.

2. To place in custody; to entrust _with_; as to _commit_ a fund to the care of trustees; to _commit_ (_send_) a prisoner to jail.

3. To _send_ or give _out_; as, the fountain _emits_ water.

4. To _let go by_; to neglect; to overlook; as, to _omit_ a fact.

5. A _permit_ will _let_ you _go through_ the factory.

6. To _remit_ is to _send_ (_back_) value for value received.

7. To give up or _let_ one's self _go under_ the government of another; to yield, or surrender. "Do not _submit_ yourself to insult."

8. To _send_ (_across_) from one to another; as, to _transmit_ a message.

#norm# = rule.

1. norm _al_, pertaining to 2. _ab_ normal, from 3. _e_ normous, out 4. enorm _ity_, state of

1. _Pertaining to_ the usual _rule_ or type; as, his pulse is _normal_.

2. Deviating _from_ the natural condition, course, or _rule_; as, an _abnormal_ appetite.

3. _Out_ of the ordinary; not conforming to the usual _rule_; as the death rate was _enormous_.

4. The _state_ or quality _of_ being enormous; especially the quality of being extremely bad; as, the _enormity_ of his crime.

#pater# = father.

1. patern _al_, pertaining to 2. patri _arch_, rule 3. patron _ize_, act of 4. patri _cide_, kill 5. patri _ot_, one who 6. patrimony

1. Pertaining to a _father_; fatherly; as, _paternal_ love.

2. _Patriarch._ One of the _fathers_ and _rulers_ of a tribe or race; particularly applied to the early tribes of mankind.

3. _Patronize._ To _act_ like a patron, or one who protects, fosters, or supports some enterprise, as a _father_ looks after those under his care.

4. _Patricide._ The _killing_ of a _father_.

5. _Patriot._ _One who_ loves and supports the institutions of his country somewhat as a _father_ cares for the interests of his family.

6. _Patrimony._ An inheritance from an ancestor; especially from one's _father_.

SIXTH MONTH.

#fy# = to make.

1. _ampli_ fy, large 2. _certi_ fy, certain 3. _clari_ fy, clear 4. _dei_ fy, god 5. _exempli_ fy, example 6. _falsi_ fy, false 7. _forti_ fy, strong 8. _horri_ fy, horror 9. _identi_ fy, the same 10. _justi_ fy, right 11. _lique_ fy, liquid 12. _magni_ fy, large 13. _puri_ fy, pure 14. _rare_ fy, rare 15. _recti_ fy, right 16. _terri_ fy, frighten 17. _testi_ fy, witness 18. _typi_ fy, type 19. _veri_ fy, true 20. _vivi_ fy, life

#ile# = pertaining to, belonging to, capable of, like.

1. _ag_ ile, act 2. _duct_ ile, draw 3. _frag_ ile, break 4. _fert_ ile, bear 5. _host_ ile, enemy 6. _juven_ ile, young 7. _puer_ ile, child 8. _serv_ ile, serve 9. _vers_ atile, turn 10. _vir_ ile, man

2. A _ductile_ substance is one which is _capable of_ being _drawn_ into wire.

9. A _versatile_ person is _capable of turning_ readily from one thing to another; manysided.

#ine# = belonging to, like.

1. _aquil_ ine, eagle 2. _bov_ ine, cow 3. _can_ ine, dog 4. _dent_ ine, tooth 5. _div_ ine, deity 6. _fel_ ine, cat 7. _femin_ ine, woman 8. _mar_ ine, sea 9. _mascul_ ine, male 10. _sal_ ine, salt

1. An _aquiline_ nose is one hooked like the beak which _belongs_ to an _eagle_.

3. The _canine_ teeth are so called because they correspond to those best developed in the _dog_.

#ion# = the act of, ing. (In many words _ion_ means _that which_.)

1. _ablut_ ion, washing away 2. _bisect_ ion, cutting in two 3. _expans_ ion, spreading out 4. _expuls_ ion, driving out 5. _inspect_ ion, looking into 6. _intercess_ ion, going between 7. _collect_ ion, gathering together 8. _combust_ ion, burn 9. _commot_ ion, move 10. _frict_ ion, rub 11. _junct_ ion, join 12. _opt_ ion, choose 13. _resurrect_ ion, rising again 14. _secess_ ion, going aside 15. _stat_ ion, stand 16. _tens_ ion, stretch

1. An _ablution_ is the _act of washing away_, or cleansing.

15. A _station_ is a _standing_ place for the train.

#ite# = one who.

1. A _Canaanite_ is _one who_ dwelt in the land of _Canaan_. 2. A _Dowieite_ is _one who_ is a follower of _Dowie_. 3. A _favorite_ is _one who_ receives special _favor_. 4. A _hypocrite_ is _one who pretends_ to be what he is not. 5. An _Israelite_ is _one who_ is a descendant of _Israel_, or Jacob. 6. A _Levite_ is _one who_ is a descendant of _Levi_.

#port# = carry.

1. port _able_, capable of 2. port _folio_, leaf 3. port _er_, one who 4. _ex_ port, out 5. _im_ port, into 6. _re_ port, back 7. _sup_ port, under 8. _trans_ port, across 9. port

1. _Capable of_ being _carried_ or moved without difficulty; as, a _portable_ engine.

2. _Portfolio._ A case or folder in which _leaves_ of loose paper or other stationery may be _carried_.

3. _Porter._ Literally, _one who carries_ burdens.

7. _Support._ To _carry_ or uphold from beneath (_under_).

9. _Port._ The manner in which one _carries_ himself.

#rupt# = break.

1. _ab_ rupt, away 2. _bank_ rupt, bench 3. _dis_ rupt, apart 4. _e_ ruption, out 5. _inter_ rupt, between 6. rupt _ure_, ing 7. rout 8. route

2. At Florence, it is said, a trader or money changer who failed in business had his _banca_, or money _bench, broken_; hence, one who is unable to pay his debts is _bankrupt_.

6. A _rupture_ is a _breaking_ apart; as the _rupture_ of a blood vessel.

7. To _break_ the ranks of, and throw into confusion; as to _rout_ an enemy.

8. _Route_ originally meant a road _broken_ through a new and untraveled section of country. After thus _broken_ it became a way or _route_ for travel.

#scribe, script# = write.

1. _circum_ scribe, around 2. _de_ scribe, down 3. _in_ scribe, in, upon 4. _pre_ scribe, before 5. _sub_ scribe, under 6. _tran_ scribe, across 7. _post_ script, after 8. _in_ scription, upon 9. scribe 10. scribble 11. script 12. scripture

1. _Circumscribe._ To draw (_write_) a bounding line _around_; hence, to lay down the limits or restrict the action of.

9. A _scribe_, in Jewish history, was a custodian and _writer_ of the official records of the nation.

10. To _scribble_ is to do hasty or careless _writing_.

11. _Script_ consists of characters _written_ by hand.

12. _Scripture._ The sacred _writings_ of any people.

#spec, spect# = look, see, view.

1. _a_ spect, (ad) toward 2. _circum_ spect, around 3. _ex_ pect, out 4. _in_ spect, into 5. _per_ spective, through 6. _pro_ spect, before 7. _retro_ spect, backward 8. spectat _or_, one who 9. _sus_ pect, under 10. spectacle 11. spectacles

1. The appearance of a thing as _viewed_ (looked _toward_ or at) by the eye or mind; as, a stern _aspect_; the southern _aspect_ of a house.

2. _Looking around_ in all directions, as against danger or error. "Of all these circumstances, the slow, _circumspect_ eye of the master took cognizance one by one."

5. _Perspective._ That which is _seen through_ an opening or vista. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects.

9. _Suspect._ To _underlook_; to imagine or infer that appearances misrepresent; hence one who _suspects_ is inclined to _look beneath_ the surface.

10. _Spectacle._ Something exhibited to be _looked_ at, especially if it be held worthy of unusual notice.

SEVENTH MONTH.

#ory# = place where.

1. _arm_ ory, arms 2. _deposit_ ory, put away 3. _dorm_ itory, sleep 4. _fact_ ory, make 5. _laborat_ ory, work 6. _manufact_ ory, hand made 7. _observ_ atory, observe 8. _prepar_ atory, to make ready 9. _reform_ atory, form again 10. _terr_ itory, land

1. An _armory_ is a _place where arms_ and other instruments of war are kept.

2. A _depository_ is a _place where_ things are or may be _put away_ for safe keeping.

5. A _laboratory_ is, literally, a _place_ for _labor_; particularly a place for scientific experimentation.

6. A _manufactory_ was formerly so called because it named a _place where_ things were _made_ by _hand_. The first part of the word is now generally omitted, and appropriately so, because a small part of the work in a factory is done by hand.

10. _Territory_ is extent of _land_ belonging to or ruled by the government. Literally it means a _place where_ there is _land_.

#ous# = having, consisting of, full of, pertaining to.

1. _amphi bi_ ous, double + life 2. _aque_ ous, water 3. _bili_ ous, bile 4. _clamor_ ous, to cry out 5. _decidu_ ous, fall 6. _furi_ ous, rage 7. _greg_ arious, flock 8. _hetero gene_ ous, other + kind 9. _homo gene_ ous, like + kind 10. _im per vi_ ous, no + through + way 11. _numer_ ous, number 12. _preci_ ous, price, value 13. _pre coci_ ous, early + ripe 14. _ponder_ ous, weigh 15. _pre poster_ ous, before + after 16. _viv_ acious, life

1. _Living both_ on land and in water. "Seals of _amphibious_ nature, are either for the land or water."

2. _Pertaining to_, or containing _water_; as, an _aqueous_ vapor.

3. A _state of_ ill health due to a disordered condition of the liver, the gland which secretes _bile_.

4. _Consisting of_ loud and repeated _outcries_ or noise; as, a _clamorous_ crowd.

5. The leaves of _deciduous_ trees _fall_ once a year.

8. _Consisting_ of unlike elements or ingredients of different (_other_) _kinds_.

13. _Having_ the mental faculties _prematurely_ developed; as, a _precocious_ child.

15. Contrary to nature, reason, or common sense. Originally, _preposterous_ meant _having_ the _after_ part _before_.

#ulent# = full of.

1. _corp_ ulent, body 2. _fraud_ ulent, fraud 3. _op_ ulent, wealth 4. _succ_ ulent, juice 5. _esc_ ulent, food 6. _vir_ ulent, poison

1. A _corpulent_ person is one who has an excess of fat; hence, literally speaking, is _full of body_.

4. _Succulent_ plants are _full of juice_; as, the stalk of the sugar cane.

5. _Esculent_ plants are those suitable for _food_ (literally, _full of food_).

"Every lover of that invaluable _esculent_ (the potato) has reason to remember with gratitude the settlers of Londonderry."--_Whittier._

#ure# = act or state of, that which.

1. _capt_ ure, take 2. _depart_ ure, from + part 3. _en clos_ ure, within + shut 4. _fixt_ ure, fasten 5. _fract_ ure, break 6. _gest_ ure, act, do 7. _junct_ ure, join 8. _manu fact_ ure, hand + make 9. _overt_ ure, open 10. _past_ ure, feed 11. _pict_ ure, paint 12. _pleas_ ure, please 13 _post_ ure, place 14. _pro ced_ ure, forward + go 15. _rapt_ ure, carry away 16. _script_ ure, write 17. _signat_ ure, mark or sign 18. _sut_ ure, sew 19. _text_ ure, weave 20. _verd_ ure, green

#y# = state of being, full of, consisting or made of.

1. bloody 2. dewy 3. dressy 4. curly 5. faulty 6. filthy 7. fleshy 8. frosty 9. fussy 10. gaudy 11. gloomy 12. grassy 13. guilty 14. hardy 15. hoary 16. lofty 17. marshy 18. rainy 19. rosy 20. sandy 21. shady 22. spunky 23. thirsty 24. wealthy