Chapter V: Part ONE: Word Analysis (3)

While the above words serve to illustrate the use of _y_ as a suffix, to analyze them would not be profitable. On account of their simplicity no illustrations are needed to show their use, and no definitions; in fact, there are no words simpler on which to base definitions.

The eight words following, which end in _y_, can, however, be analyzed with profit:

1. _an arch_ y, without + rule 2. _a path_ y, without + feel 3. _aut ops_ y, self + see 4. _col loqu_ y, together + speak 5. _ob loqu_ y, against + speak 6. _poly gam_ y, many + marriage 7. _sym path_ y, together + feel 8. _sym phon_ y, together + sound

#tort, tors# = twist, wring, wrest.

1. _con_ tort, together 2. _dis_ tort, aside 3. _ex_ tort, out 4. _re_ tort, back 5. torch 6. tor _ment_, that which 7. tortoise 8. tort _ure_, that which

1. To _twist together_; to turn awry. "A form _contorted_ and misshapen from that which nature gave."

2. To _twist aside_; to twist out of shape; to wrest from the true meaning. "For gold the hireling judge _distorts_ the laws."

3. To _wring_ or wrest _out of_ or away from; to get by force or by taking unfair advantage. "'Till the injurious Romans did _extort_ this tribute from us, we were free."

4. To bend, _twist_ or turn _back_. A _retort_ is a short and pointed reply _turned back_ on an assailant. A _retort_ tube is one _twisted_ or bent back at one end.

5. The _torch_ is so called because the wick is _twisted_ like a rope.

6. _Torment_ comes from _tormentum_, a machine (engine) for throwing stones to inflict _torture_.

7. The _tortoise_ is so called because of its _twisted_ or crooked feet.

8. _Wringing_ pain; anguish of body or mind. "In ancient Greece, _torture_ was never employed except in case of treason".

#tract# = draw.

1. _abs_ tract, away 2. _at_ tract, to 3. _con_ tract, together 4. _de_ tract, from 5. _dis_ tract, apart 6. _ex_ tract, out 7. _pro_ tract, forward 8. _re_ tract, back 9. _re_ treat, back 10. _sub_ tract, under 11. trace 12. tract _able_, capable of 13. trail 14. train

1. To _draw away_; to consider apart. "In truth the object and sensation are the same thing and cannot be _abstracted_ from each other."

2. To _draw to_ or toward. A magnet _attracts_ iron filings.

3. To _draw together_ or closer. Heat expands and cold _contracts_.

4. To _draw_ away _from_. To take away a part of something, especially from one's credit. "Should I detract his worth, 'twould argue want of merit in myself."

5. To _draw apart_ or away. The attention is _distracted_ when it is _drawn apart_ from the thing in hand.

6. To _draw out_, to withdraw. Honey is sometimes _extracted_ from the honeycomb and the comb replaced in the beehive.

7. To _draw_ forward; to extend or prolong; as, "England desired not to _protract_ the war."

8. To _draw back_; to take back what has been said. When one finds he has said a hasty thing he would do well to _retract_ it.

9. To _draw back_, as from an enemy. "Come, shepherd, let us make an honorable _retreat_."

10. To _draw_ away; as apart from the whole. Literally to _draw_ away from _under_, or in an underhanded way, as by stealth. The word is very seldom used literally.

11. A _trace_ is one of the tugs or straps by which a vehicle is _drawn_.

12. A _tractable_ child is one which can be easily led or _drawn_.

13. _Trail_ means to _draw_ along, or what is _drawn_.

14. A _train_ consists of cars _drawn_ by a locomotive.

#ven, vent# = come.

1. _ad_ vent, to 2. _ad_ vent ure, upon 3. _a_ venue, to 4. _con_ vene, together 5. _circum_ vent, around 6. _e_ vent, out 7. _inter_ vention, between 8. _in_ vent, upon 9. _re_ venue, back 10. _pre_ vent, before

1. A _coming_ or arrival of any important event or personage. The _advent_ of summer. An _Adventist_ is one who makes the second personal coming of Christ a special feature in his doctrine.

2. An _adventure_ is a stirring experience, _come upon_, as it were, suddenly and unexpectedly.

3. That which _comes to_ a certain place. Formerly an _avenue_ was a roadway bordered with trees which _comes to_ a residence.

4. To _come together_. "The household fowls _convene_."

5. To _circumvent_ an individual is to gain an advantage over him in a secret and round about (_coming around_) way.

6. The _outcome_ of an occurrence; as, "In that _event_ all will be right." "Marriage is the principal _event_ for good or evil in all lives."

7. The act of _coming between_ persons or objects; especially interference with the acts of others.

8. To _come upon_; to find out or discover.

9. _Revenue_ is that which _comes back_, as from an investment; income from all forms of one's property.

10. To stop or hinder from happening by means of previous measures. Originally _prevent_ meant to _come before_; as in Matt. xvii:25: "When Peter was come into the house, Jesus _prevented_ him."

#vers, vert# = turn.

1. _ad_ verse, to (against) 2. ad vers _ity_, state of 3. _ad_ vert, to 4. ad vert _ise_, act of 5. _a_ vers ion, away 6. _a_ vert, away 7. _di_ verse, apart 8. _di_ version, aside 9. _di_ vorce, apart 10. _in_ vert, into 11. _per_ verse, thoroughly 12. _re_ verse, back 13. _trans_ verse, across 14. _versat_ ile, capable of 15. vers _ion_, that which 16. vertex 17. vertigo 18. vortex

1. _Turned against_; antagonistic. _Adverse_ winds. "Error is _adverse_ to human happiness."

2. _State of_ adverse fortune; a condition of calamity, distress, or unhappiness. "Ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved you out of all _adversities_."

3. To _turn_ the mind or attention _to_; as, "I will only _advert_ to some leading points in the argument."--_Emerson._

4. To _advertise_ an article is to cause the public to _turn_ attention _to_ it.

5. A _turning away_ from. "Adhesion to vice and _aversion_ to goodness."

6. To _turn away_ or aside. "Till ardent prayer _averts_ the public woe."

7. _Diverse_ ways are different ways--they _turn apart_.

8. The act of _turning aside_ from a course; as the _diversion_ of the mind from study.

9. A judgment or decree dissolving marriage, and thus _turning_ husband and wife _apart_ from each other.

10. To _turn into_ another position; as, upside down, inside out, end for end, etc.

11. A _perverse_ inclination is one _thoroughly_ wrong or _turned_ from the right.

12. To _turn back_; as to _reverse_ an engine.

13. A _transverse_ beam is one _turned across_ others.

14. _Capable of_ moving or _turning_ around; as a _versatile_ spindle; turning with ease from one thing to another; many sided; as, a _versatile_ writer.

15. _That which_ is translated (or _turned_) from another language; as, the King James _version_ of the Bible.

16. The highest point, peak, or summit. Literally the _turning_ point.

17. A _turning_ or whirling around; dizziness or giddiness.

"That old _vertigo_ in his head
Will never leave him till he's dead."

18. A _whirl_pool. (_Vortex_ is another form of _vertex_.)

EIGHTH MONTH.

#ic# = pertaining to.

1. _aqua_ tic, water 2. _arc_ tic, bear 3. _barbar_ ic, foreign; uncivilized 4. _chron_ ic, time 5. _civ_ ic, citizen 6. _dom_ estic, house 7. _epi dem_ ic, upon + people 8. _erra_ tic, wander 9. _Homer_ ic, Homer 10. _luna_ tic, moon 11. _lyr_ ic, lyre, harp 12. _metal_ lic, metal 13. _metr_ ic, measure 14. _numer_ ic, number 15. _op_ tic, eye 16. _pan_ ic, Pan 17. _phon_ ic, sound 18. _publ_ ic, people 19. _rust_ ic, country 20. _techn_ ic, art, trade

2. _Arctic_ means, literally, _pertaining to_ the northern constellations called the Great and Little _Bears_; hence pertaining to the north polar regions.

8. _Erratic_ means _wandering_ from the proper or usual course in opinion or conduct.

9. _Homeric_ means _relating to Homer_, the great epic poet of ancient Greece, or to the poetry which he wrote.

10. A _lunatic_ is one who is periodically insane, with intervals of sanity (as if affected by the _moon_).

11. _Lyric_ poetry is that which is adapted to the _lyre_ or harp; fit to be sung to an accompaniment.

16. _Panic_ means sudden or groundless fright, such as was said to have been caused by _Pan_, the god of pastures and forests.

#ise, (ize)# = make, do, cause.

1. _ad vert_ ise, to + turn 2. _critic_ ise, judge 3. _familiar_ ize, family 4. _fertil_ ize, bear, produce 5. _leg_ alize, law 6. _re cogn_ ize, again + know 7. _sym path_ ize, with + feel 8. _tan tal_ ize, Tantalus 9. agonize 10. brutalize 11. civilize 12. crystallize 13. equalize 14. generalize 15. harmonize 16. humanize 17. idolize 18. magnetize 19. modernize 20. naturalize 21. organize 22. realize 23. systematize 24. tyrannize

1. A merchant when he _advertises_ goods hopes thereby to _cause_ people to _turn_ their attention _to_ them.

2. To _criticise_ is to (_make_) pass _judgment_ upon.

3. To _familiarize_ means, literally, to _make_ as one of the _family_, to become intimate with.

4. Ground is _fertilized_ when it is _caused_ to _produce_ more abundantly.

5. Any conduct is _legalized_ when it is _made lawful_.

6. We _recognize_ a person when we _know_ him _again_; as, one whom we have known before.

7. To _sympathize_ is to _feel with_ another.

8. _Tantalize_ is derived from Tantalus, a Phyrgian king who, according to Greek mythology, was punished in the lower world by being placed in a lake of pure water up to his chin, while there hung over him luscious fruit, the fruit and the water receding whenever he sought to satisfy his hunger or thirst. Hence tantalize means to tease or torment by presenting something desirable to the view and frustrating expectation by keeping it out of reach.

Words 9 to 24 may be defined in a simple and satisfactory manner by using some meaning of the suffix _ize_ in the definition with the first part of the word; thus, _agonize_ means to _cause_ to have _agony_.

#ist# = one who.

1. _agri cultur_ ist, field + culture 2. _an arch_ ist, without + rule 3. _art_ ist, art 4. _a the_ ist, without + god 5. _botan_ ist, plant 6. _de_ ist, god 7. _dent_ ist, tooth 8. _flor_ ist, flower 9. _ge olog_ ist, earth + science 10. _hypno_ tist, sleep 11. _journ_ alist, day 12. _jur_ ist, right 13. _loy_ alist, law 14. _oc_ ulist, eye 15. _optim_ ist, best 16. _pessim_ ist, worst 17. _re viv_ alist, again + life 18. _roy_ alist, king 19. _sci_ entist, knowledge 20. _somn ambul_ ist, sleep + walk

4. An _atheist_ is _one who_ is _without_ belief in a personal _God_.

6. A _deist_ is _one who_ believes in _God_ but denies revealed religion.

15. An _optimist_ is _one who_ holds the opinion that all events are ordered for the _best_.

16. A _pessimist_ is _one who_ has a disposition to take the least hopeful (_worst_) view of things; one who believes that the ultimate tendency of the world is toward evil and not good.

#oid# = having the form of, shaped like.

1. _aster_ oid, star 2. _dent_ oid, tooth 3. _ethm_ oid, sieve 4. _spher_ oid, sphere 5. _typh_ oid, cloud, stupor 6. _variol_ oid, various

#meter, metr# = measure.

1. _anemo_ meter, wind 2. _baro_ meter, weight 3. _chrono_ meter, time 4. _dia_ meter, across 5. _gas_ ometer, gas 6. _ge_ ometer, earth 7. _hexa_ meter, six 8. _hydro_ meter, water 9. _lacto_ meter, milk 10. metr _ic_, pertaining to 11. _penta_ meter, five 12. _peri_ meter, around 13. _thermo_ meter, heat 14. _tri gon_ ometry, three + angle

1. The _anemometer_ is an instrument for _measuring_ the force and velocity of the _wind_.

2. The _barometer measures_ the _weight_ of the atmosphere, and thus aids in determining the indications of the weather.

3. A _chronometer_ is an instrument for _measuring time_. Specifically, it is a large and very accurate watch for use in astronomical observations.

6. _Geometry_ literally means _earth measure_. It treats of the measurement of surfaces, and is therefore applied in the _measurement_ of _land_.

7. The _hexameter_ in poetry is a _measure_ having _six_ poetic feet to the line.

8. The _hydrometer_ is used for _measuring_ the specific gravity of _water_ and other liquids.

9. The _lactometer_ is used for _measuring_ the purity and richness of _milk_.

10. The _metric_ system of weights and measures is one in which the meter is the unit of _measure_.

12. The _perimeter_ is the _measure around_ a body or figure.

14. _Trigonometry_ treats of _measurements_ based on the triangle (_three angles_).

#phon# = sound.

1. _eu_ phony, well 2. phon _etic_, pertaining to 3. phon _ic_, pertaining to 4. phono _graph_, write 5. _sym_ phony, with 6. _tele_ phone, far

#polis# = city.

1. _acro_ polis, high, upper 2. _Anna_ polis, Ann 3. _Constantin_ ople, Constanine 4. _Indiana_ polis, Indiana 5. _metro_ polis, mother 6. _Minne_ apolis, Minne 7. police 8. politics

1. The _acropolis_ was the _upper_ part of a Grecian _city_. It commanded a view of the surrounding country.

2. Named for Queen _Ann_.

3. A contraction of Constantinopolis. Named for _Constantine_.

4. _Indiana_ means, literally, the _land_ of the _Indians_. _Indianapolis_ means _city_ of _Indiana_.

5. The _metropolis_ is the chief, or _mother city_, of the state or country.

6. The _city_ of _Minne_ (haha).

7. A _police_ force is a body of civil officers in a _city_ organized for its protection.

8. _Politics_ is the science of government in state or _city_.

#scop# = view.

1. _horo_ scope, hour 2. _kaleido_ scope, beautiful + form 3. _micro_ scope, small 4. _stereo_ scope, solid 5. _tele_ scope, far

1. The _horoscope_ is an instrument for _viewing_ the heavens at the _hour_ of one's birth, by which the astrologers professed to foretell the events of a person's life.

2. The _kaleidoscope_ is an optical instrument in which an endless variety of _beautiful_ patterns or _forms_ may be _viewed_ by changing its position.

4. The _stereoscope_ is an instrument, with two eye glasses, for giving to pictures the appearance of _solid_ forms as seen in nature.