Chapter M

Atlas, width, including transverse processes ·195
Atlas, length of inferior arch ·082
Atlas, height, including superior and inferior arches ·078
Axis, width, anterior articular faces ·110
Axis, length, excluding odontoid process ·058
Axis, height of neural spine ·096
Axis, length of odontoid process ·025
Seventh cervical, length of centrum ·037
Seventh cervical, width of posterior face ·043
Dorsals, anterior region, length ·038
Dorsals, anterior region, width, articular face ·034
Lumbar, width of posterior face ·058
Lumbar, length of centrum ·056
First sacral, width of anterior face ·059

The ribs, of which great quantities of fragments remain, were slender and not of very great width.

The _femur_, which is figured in Plate I., has a small head, supported by a short neck. The shaft, very broad below the head, supports the third trochanter one third of the way down; below which it takes a cylindrical form, and expands slightly above the trochlea. The two condyles, separated by a wide and deep popliteal groove, are nearly subequal in size--the internal somewhat the larger, while the trochlea is long, narrow, and symmetrical. The great trochanter rises slightly above the head, and overhangs a long and quite deep digital fossa. The second trochanter is small. The popliteal space is slightly concave.

_Tibia._--The proximal end of the tibia is very large, with massive rugosities for muscular attachment. The two proximal faces are subequal, slightly convex, and separated by a prominent spine, which is grooved at the top. The shaft is long, straight, and compressed antero-posteriorly; the anterior ridge on upper third is very high, and expands into the tuberosity, which is enormous; while on the posterior face is a deep fossa just below the head. The distal end of the shaft is remarkably small, with two concave faces--the internal the smallest--with a low oblique ridge dividing them. There is a prominent malleolus.

The fibula (which is a distinct bone) has a small proximal end, and expands slightly below, with a large external malleolus.

_Measurements of Limbs._