Chapter M: Machiavelli, Nicolo; 162

Maine, Henry; on Grotius and the _Jus Gentium_, 24, 25.

Maistre, Joseph de; 71.

Martineau, James; 102.

Mennonites; and war, 14.

Military service; of Christians, 14, 16, 18, 19;
compulsory, 89;
voluntary, 111.

Mill, John Stuart; 80.

Moltke, Graf von; 71, 73-75.

Monarchy, universal; the ideal of Dante, 68, 69;
disapproved by Kant, 68, 69, 155, 156;
and Fichte, 69.

Montesquieu, Baron de; on self-preservation, 83;
on armed peace, 88, 159.

More, Thomas; 32.

Morley, John; 3.

N

Napoleon Bonaparte; Empire of, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77.

Napoleon, Louis; 80.

National Debt; 63, 64, 111, 112.

O

Origen; on military service, 14, 15.

Original Contract; 40;
as understood by Rousseau, 52;
by Hobbes, 52, 53;
by Hooker, 52;
by Hume, _ib._;
by Kant, _ib._;
by Locke, 53.

P

Paris Congress (1856); 86.

Paulsen, Friedrich; 43, 52, 53, 66, 78.

Peace, perpetual; the dream of, 29-33;
projects of, by Penn, 30;
by Henry IV., 30, 33, 34;
by St. Pierre, 30, 32, 34-37;
Rousseau’s attitude to, 38-40, 106;
for Kant an ideal, 61, 129;
the articles of, 62-69, 107-142, 158-160;
the guarantee of, 143-157.

Peace Societies; 70, 75, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87;
and disarmament, 88, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102.

Penn, William; 30.

Plato; on the origin of the state, 5;
on war, 8, 41;
on the relation between ethics and politics, 162.

Poland; 92, 93, 95.

Politics; and morals, according to Kant, 161-196;
to Plato, 162;
to Aristotle, _ib._;
to Hume, _ib._;
sophistical maxims of, 170-172.

Pope, Alexander; 4, 127.

Puffendorf, Samuel; 27;
on intervention, 64, 131.

Q

Quakers; and war, 14.

R

Reformation; and military service, 18;
and international law, 21, 24.

Religion; Roman, and war, 9;
Jewish, 9-11;
Mohammedan, 10;
Buddhist, and conversion, 12;
Christian, and war, 12-20.

Revolution, right of; according to Hobbes, 41, 53;
and Spinoza, 41;
according to Locke, 53;
to Rousseau, _ib._;
to Kant, 167, 186-188.

Right of way; Vattel on, 65, 138;
Kant on, 65, 137-142.

Ritchie, D. G.; on Rousseau, 3;
on Locke and the golden age, _ib._, 52, 85, 98.

Robertson, William; 6, 17, 18, 19.

Romans; and war, 7, 8, 9, 22, 23;
and international law, 22, 23.

Rousseau, J. J.; and the state of nature, 2, 3, 52; 26, 28;
his criticism of St. Pierre, 38-40;
his views on militarism, 39;
on the original contract, 52;
on revolution, 53, 188; 61, 67, 100, 132, 134;
on democratic and republican governments, 153;
on the depravity of man, 173.

Russia; Alexander I. of, 80;
the Czar of, 90;
the backward civilization of, 92, 93, 94, 95.

S

Schiller, Friedrich von; on war and peace, 71, 72, 73, 75.

Schopenhauer, Arthur; 43.

Spencer, Herbert; 76.

Spinoza, Benedict; on the state of nature, 41;
and revolution, _ib._

Standing armies; 63, 64, 89, 110.

State of nature; according to Rousseau, 2, 3;
and the golden age, 3;
Hobbes’ theory of, 4, 40, 41, 118;
according to Hume a philosophical fiction, 41;
according to Kant, 117-120.

States; transference of, 63, 108, 109;
marriage between, 109.

St. Pierre, Castel de; 30, 32, 33;
his _Projet_, 34-37;
and Leibniz, 37, 38;
and Rousseau, 38-40; 61, 67, 79, 92, 106.

Sully, Duke of; 30, 32, 33.

T

Tennyson, Lord; 73, 74.

Tertullian; 14, 15.

Treaties of peace; in Greece, 7, 63, 64, 107, 108.

Treitschke, H. von; 75.

Trendelenburg, F. A.; 75.