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Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyDuchess of Margaret Cavendish Newcastle

Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy

by OpenStories

Original author: Duchess of Margaret Cavendish Newcastle

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"Philosophical Letters: or, Modest Reflections Upon Some Opinions in Natural Philosophy" by the Lady Marchioness of Newcastle is a philosophical treatise written in the mid-17th century. The work presents a series of letters that critique various prominent philosophical ideas, particularly those of figures such as Descartes and Hobbes. The author aims to explore and communicate her unique perspectives on natural philosophy, emphasizing her belief in the dual existence of sensitive and rational life across all creatures. The opening of the letters sets the stage for a dialogue on philosophical issues, with the Marchioness expressing both trepidation and determination in addressing established thinkers. She asserts her right to challenge prevailing notions and assert her insights, particularly her views on the nature of matter, perception, and the soul's relationship with the body. Notably, she argues for the validity of her opinions while acknowledging the contributions of other philosophers, highlighting a commitment to the pursuit of truth rather than mere contradiction. The letters serve not only as a defense of her ideas but as an invitation for further discussion in the realm of natural philosophy, demonstrating her intellectual vigor and dedication to understanding the complexities of existence.

Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy, by Duchess of Margaret Cavendish Newcastle. Republished by OpenStories from Project Gutenberg eBook #53679.

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158 Chapters

  1. 1.Front Matter2,370 words
  2. 2.Chapter I: Madam,965 words
  3. 3.Chapter II: Madam,2,457 words
  4. 4.Chapter III: Madam,1,281 words
  5. 5.Chapter IV: Madam,887 words
  6. 6.Chapter V: Madam,1,356 words
  7. 7.Chapter VI: Madam,469 words
  8. 8.Chapter VII: Madam,551 words
  9. 9.Chapter VIII: Madam,1,492 words
  10. 10.Chapter IX: Madam,640 words
  11. 11.Chapter X: Madam,1,168 words
  12. 12.Chapter XI: Madam,653 words
  13. 13.Chapter XII: Madam,647 words
  14. 14.Chapter XIII: Madam,403 words
  15. 15.Chapter XIV: Madam,496 words
  16. 16.Chapter XV: Madam,337 words
  17. 17.Chapter XVI: Madam,1,240 words
  18. 18.Chapter XVII: Madam,751 words
  19. 19.Chapter XVIII: Madam,1,174 words
  20. 20.Chapter XIX: Madam,1,043 words
  21. 21.Chapter XX: Madam,899 words
  22. 22.Chapter XXI: Madam,587 words
  23. 23.Chapter XXII: Madam,1,474 words
  24. 24.Chapter XXIII: Madam,806 words
  25. 25.Chapter XXIV: Madam,1,121 words
  26. 26.Chapter XXV: Madam1,248 words
  27. 27.Chapter XXVI: Madam,461 words
  28. 28.Chapter XXVII: Madam,392 words
  29. 29.Chapter XXVIII: Madam,859 words
  30. 30.Chapter XXIX: Madam,854 words
  31. 31.Chapter XXX: Madam,1,288 words
  32. 32.Chapter XXXI: Madam,860 words
  33. 33.Chapter XXXII: Madam,649 words
  34. 34.Chapter XXXIII: Madam,619 words
  35. 35.Chapter XXXIV: Madam,374 words
  36. 36.Chapter XXXV: Madam,483 words
  37. 37.Chapter XXXVI: Madam,450 words
  38. 38.Chapter XXXVII: Madam,768 words
  39. 39.Chapter XXXVIII: Madam,612 words
  40. 40.Chapter XXXIX: Madam,507 words
  41. 41.Chapter XL: Madam,900 words
  42. 42.Chapter XLI: Madam,513 words
  43. 43.Chapter XLII: Madam,298 words
  44. 44.Chapter XLIII: Madam,631 words
  45. 45.Chapter XLIV: Madam,400 words
  46. 46.Chapter XLV: Madam,1,173 words
  47. 47.Chapter I: Madam,498 words
  48. 48.Chapter II: Madam,344 words
  49. 49.Chapter III: Madam,621 words
  50. 50.Chapter IV: Madam,895 words
  51. 51.Chapter V: Madam,400 words
  52. 52.Chapter VI: Madam,559 words
  53. 53.Chapter VII: Madam,1,139 words
  54. 54.Chapter VIII: Madam,521 words
  55. 55.Chapter IX: Madam,1,236 words
  56. 56.Chapter X: Madam,809 words
  57. 57.Chapter XI: Madam,505 words
  58. 58.Chapter XII: Madam,722 words
  59. 59.Chapter XIII: Madam,1,774 words
  60. 60.Chapter XIV: Madam,514 words
  61. 61.Chapter XV: Madam,1,571 words
  62. 62.Chapter XVI: Madam,341 words
  63. 63.Chapter XVII: Madam,299 words
  64. 64.Chapter XVIII: Madam,829 words
  65. 65.Chapter XIX: Madam,962 words
  66. 66.Chapter XX: Madam,709 words
  67. 67.Chapter XXI: Madam,919 words
  68. 68.Chapter XXII: Madam,949 words
  69. 69.Chapter XXIII: Madam,986 words
  70. 70.Chapter XXIV: Madam,400 words
  71. 71.Chapter XXV: Madam,581 words
  72. 72.Chapter XXVI: Madam,965 words
  73. 73.Chapter XXVII: Madam,495 words
  74. 74.Chapter XXVIII: Madam,686 words
  75. 75.Chapter XXIX: Madam,964 words
  76. 76.Chapter XXX: Madam,1,376 words
  77. 77.Chapter XXXI: Madam,475 words
  78. 78.Chapter XXXII: Madam,741 words
  79. 79.Chapter XXXIII: Madam,434 words
  1. 80.Chapter XXXIV: Madam,478 words
  2. 81.Chapter I: Madam,1,422 words
  3. 82.Chapter II: Madam,1,912 words
  4. 83.Chapter III: Madam,954 words
  5. 84.Chapter IV: Madam,864 words
  6. 85.Chapter V: Madam,886 words
  7. 86.Chapter VI: Madam,684 words
  8. 87.Chapter VII: Madam,615 words
  9. 88.Chapter VIII: Madam,2,167 words
  10. 89.Chapter IX: Madam,1,049 words
  11. 90.Chapter X: Madam,999 words
  12. 91.Chapter XI: Madam,983 words
  13. 92.Chapter XII: Madam,993 words
  14. 93.Chapter XIII: Madam,1,573 words
  15. 94.Chapter XIV: Madam,541 words
  16. 95.Chapter XV: Madam,2,573 words
  17. 96.Chapter XVI: Madam,1,503 words
  18. 97.Chapter XVII: Madam,495 words
  19. 98.Chapter XVIII: Madam,1,925 words
  20. 99.Chapter XIX: Madam,1,429 words
  21. 100.Chapter XX: Madam,733 words
  22. 101.Chapter XXI: Madam,992 words
  23. 102.Chapter XXII: Madam,1,666 words
  24. 103.Chapter XXIII: Madam,1,274 words
  25. 104.Chapter XXIV: Madam,1,229 words
  26. 105.Chapter XXV: Madam,1,149 words
  27. 106.Chapter XXVI: Madam,1,208 words
  28. 107.Chapter XXVII: Madam,1,317 words
  29. 108.Chapter XXVIII: Madam,1,280 words
  30. 109.Chapter XXIX: Madam1,198 words
  31. 110.Chapter XXX: Madam,1,057 words
  32. 111.Chapter XXXI: Madam,596 words
  33. 112.Chapter XXXII: Madam,657 words
  34. 113.Chapter XXXIII: Madam,1,973 words
  35. 114.Chapter XXXIV: Madam,1,423 words
  36. 115.Chapter XXXV: Madam,1,225 words
  37. 116.Chapter XXXVI: Madam,896 words
  38. 117.Chapter XXXVII: Madam,1,084 words
  39. 118.Chapter XXXVIII: Madam,626 words
  40. 119.Chapter XXXIX: Madam,518 words
  41. 120.Chapter XL: Madam,917 words
  42. 121.Chapter XLI: Madam,1,042 words
  43. 122.Chapter XLII: Madam,692 words
  44. 123.Chapter XLIII: Madam,540 words
  45. 124.Chapter XLIV: Madam,1,012 words
  46. 125.Chapter XLV: Madam,446 words
  47. 126.Chapter I: Madam,1,306 words
  48. 127.Chapter II: Madam,4,162 words
  49. 128.Chapter III: Madam,600 words
  50. 129.Chapter IV: Madam,1,551 words
  51. 130.Chapter V: Madam,1,026 words
  52. 131.Chapter VI: Madam,1,328 words
  53. 132.Chapter VII: Madam,571 words
  54. 133.Chapter VIII: Madam,698 words
  55. 134.Chapter IX: Madam,487 words
  56. 135.Chapter X: Madam,1,896 words
  57. 136.Chapter XI: Madam,930 words
  58. 137.Chapter XII: Madam,1,266 words
  59. 138.Chapter XIII: Madam,1,019 words
  60. 139.Chapter XIV: Madam,945 words
  61. 140.Chapter XV: Madam,1,442 words
  62. 141.Chapter XVI: Madam,816 words
  63. 142.Chapter XVII: Madam,523 words
  64. 143.Chapter XVIII: Madam,746 words
  65. 144.Chapter XIX: Madam,356 words
  66. 145.Chapter XX: Madam,252 words
  67. 146.Chapter XXI: Madam,707 words
  68. 147.Chapter XXII: Madam,573 words
  69. 148.Chapter XXIII: Madam,613 words
  70. 149.Chapter XXIV: Madam,448 words
  71. 150.Chapter XXV: Madam,264 words
  72. 151.Chapter XXVI: Madam,652 words
  73. 152.Chapter XXVII: Madam,841 words
  74. 153.Chapter XXVIII: Madam,621 words
  75. 154.Chapter XXIX: Madam,1,310 words
  76. 155.Chapter XXX: Madam,1,027 words
  77. 156.Chapter XXXI: Madam,1,493 words
  78. 157.Chapter XXXII: Madam,641 words
  79. 158.Chapter XXXIII: Madam,4,361 words