Chapter XI: Part IX: Inorganic Poisons

I. PRECIPITATED FROM A HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE--
PRECIPITATE YELLOW OR ORANGE.

ARSENIC--ANTIMONY--CADMIUM.

1. _Arsenic._

707. Metallic Arsenic; its Chemical and Physical Properties, 524
708. Arsenious Anhydride--Arsenious Acid; its Properties and
Solubility, 524, 525
709. Arseniuretted Hydrogen (Arsine), 525-527
710. Arseniuretted Hydrogen in the Arts, &c, 527
711. The Effects of Arseniuretted Hydrogen on Man--Illustrative
Cases, 527, 528
712. The Sulphides of Arsenic, 528, 529
713. Orpiment, or Arsenic Trisulphide, 529
714. Haloid Arsenical Compounds--Chloride of Arsenic--Iodide of
Arsenic, 529
715. Arsenic in the Arts, 529, 530
716. Pharmaceutical Preparations of Arsenic--Veterinary Arsenical
Medicines--Rat and Fly Poisons--Quack Nostrums--Pigments--
External Application of Arsenic for Sheep--Arsenical Soaps--
Arsenical Compounds used in Pyrotechny, 530-534
717. Statistics of Poisoning by Arsenic, 534
718. Law Relative to the Sale of Arsenic, 535
719. Dose of Arsenic, 535
720. Effects of Arsenious Acid on Plants, 535, 536
721. Effects of Arsenic upon Life--Animalcules--Annelids--Birds--
Mammals, 536-538
722. Effects of Arsenious Acid on Man--Arsenic Eaters, 538, 539
723. Manner of Introduction of Arsenic, 539
724. Cases of Poisoning by the External Application of Arsenic,
539-541
725. Arsenic in Wall-Papers, 541, 542
726. Forms of Arsenical Poisoning--Acute Form, 542
727. Subacute Form--Case of the Duc de Praslin, 543
728. Nervous Form--Brodie’s Experiments on Rabbits--A “Mass”
Poisoning reported by Dr. Coqueret, 544, 545
729. Absence of Symptoms, 545, 546
730. Slow Poisoning, 546
731. The Maybrick Case, 546-548
732. Post-mortem Appearances met with in Animals after Arsenical
Poisoning--The Researches of Hugo, 548, 549
733. Post-mortem Appearances in Man--Illustrative Pathological
Preparations in Various Museums, 549-551
734. Pathological Changes induced in the Gullet and Stomach--Fatty
Degeneration of the Liver and Kidneys--Glossitis--Retardation of
Putrefaction, 551, 552
735. Physiological Action of Arsenic, 552, 553
736. Elimination of Arsenic--Question of Accumulation of Arsenic, 553
737. Antidotes and Treatment, 553, 554
738. Detection of Arsenic--Identification of Arsenious Acid in
Substance--Test of Berzelius--Identification of Arsenites and
Arseniates--Detection of Arsenious Acid in Solution--
Distinguishing Marks between the Sulphides of Tin, Cadmium,
Antimony, and Arsenic--Marsh’s Original Test for Arsenic--
Blondlot’s Modification of Marsh’s Test--Distinguishing Marks
between Arsenical and Antimonial Mirrors--Reinsch’s Tests,
554-560
739. Arsenic in Glycerin, 560
740. Arsenic in Organic Matters--Orfila’s Method of Destroying
Organic Matter--Extraction with Hydrochloric Acid--Modifications
in the Treatment of Oils--Resinous Matters--Experiments on the
Distribution of Arsenic by Scolosuboff, Ludwig, and Chittenden--
The Question of Contamination of a Corpse by Arsenical Earth,
560-562
741. Imbibition of Arsenic after Death--Mason’s Case, 563-565
742. Analysis of Wall-Paper for Arsenic, 565, 566
743. Estimation of Arsenic--Galvanic Process of Bloxam--Colorimetric
Methods, 566-568
744. Destruction of the Organic Matter by Nitric Acid, and Subsequent
Reduction of the Arsenic Acid to Arseniuretted Hydrogen, and
Final Estimation as Metallic Arsenic, 568-571
745. Arsine developed from an Alkaline Solution, 571
746. Precipitation as Tersulphide--Methods of Dealing with the
Sulphides obtained--(_a_) Solution in Ammonia and Estimation by
Iodine--(_b_) Drying the Purified Precipitate at a High
Temperature, and then directly weighing--(_c_) Oxidation of the
Sulphide and Precipitation as Ammonia Magnesian Arseniate, or
Magnesia Pyro Arseniate--(_d_) Conversion of the Trisulphide of
Arsenic into the Arseno-Molybdate of Ammonia--Conversion of the
Sulphide into Metallic Arsenic, 571-575
747. Conversion of Arsenic into Arsenious Chloride, 575, 576

2. _Antimony._

748. Properties of Metallic Antimony, 577
749. Antimonious Sulphides, 577, 578
750. Tartarated Antimony--Tartar Emetic, 578, 579
751. Metantimonic Acid, 579
752. Pharmaceutical, Veterinary, and Quack Preparations of Antimony--
(1)Pharmaceutical Preparations--(2) Patent and Quack Pills--(3)
Antimonial Medicines, chiefly Veterinary, 579-582
753. Alloys, 582
754. Pigments, 582
755. Dose, 582
756. Effects of Tartar Emetic on Animals--Influence on Temperature--
Dr. Nevin’s Researches on Rabbits, 582, 583
757. Effects of Tartar Emetic on Man--Illustrative Cases, 583, 584
758. Chronic Antimonial Poisoning, 585
759. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Preparations in Museums--Pathological
Appearances in Rabbits, according to Nevin, 585, 586
760. Elimination of Antimony, 586
761. Antidotes for Tartar Emetic, 586
762. Effects of Chloride or Butter of Antimony, 587
763. Detection of Antimony in Organic Matters, 587-589
764. Quantitative Estimation of Antimony, 589, 590

3. _Cadmium._

765. Properties of the Metal Cadmium, 590
766. Cadmium Oxide, 590
767. Cadmium Sulphide, 590
768. Medicinal Preparations of Cadmium--Cadmium Iodide--Cadmium
Sulphate, 590
769. Cadmium in the Arts, 590
770. Fatal Dose of Cadmium, 590
771. Separation and Detection of Cadmium, 590, 591

II. PRECIPITATED BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION--
BLACK.

LEAD--COPPER--BISMUTH--SILVER--MERCURY.

1. _Lead._

772. Lead and its Oxides--Litharge--Minium, or Red Lead, 591, 592
773. Sulphide of Lead, 592
774. Sulphate of Lead, 592
775. Acetate of Lead, 592
776. Chloride of Lead--Carbonate of Lead, 592, 593
777. Preparations of Lead used in Medicine, the Arts, &c.--(1)
Pharmaceutical--(2) Quack Nostrums--(3) Preparations used in the
Arts--Pigments--Hair Dyes--Alloys, 593, 594
778. Statistics of Lead-Poisoning, 594
779. Lead as a Poison--Means by which Lead may be taken into the
System, 595, 596
780. Effects of Lead Compounds on Animals, 596, 597
781. Effects of Lead Compounds on Man--Acute Poisoning--Mass
Poisoning by Lead--Case of Acute Poisoning by the Carbonate of
Lead, 597-599
782. Chronic Poisoning by Lead, 599, 600
783. Effects of Lead on the Nervous System--Lead as a Factor of
Insanity 600, 601
784. Amaurosis Caused by Lead-Poisoning--Influence on the Sexual
Functions--Caries--Epilepsy, 601-603
785. Uric Acid in the Blood after Lead-Poisoning, 603
786. Influence of Lead on Pregnant Women and on Fœtal Life--The
Keighley Case of Poisoning by Water Contaminated by Lead--Case
of _Reg._ v. _L. J. Taylor_, 603-605
787. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 605
788. Physiological Action of Lead, 605, 606
789. Elimination of Lead, 606
790. Fatal Dose, 606, 607
791. Antidotes and Treatment, 607
792. Localisation of Lead, 607, 608
793. Detection and Estimation of Lead, 608, 609
794. Detection of Lead in Tartaric Acid, in Lemonade and Aërated
Waters, 609, 610

2. _Copper._

795. Properties of Copper, 610
796. Cupric Oxide, 610
797. Cupric Sulphide, 610
798. Solubility of Copper in Water and Various Fluids--Experiments of
Carnelley, W. Thompson, and Lehmann, 610-612
799. Copper as a Normal Constituent of Animal, Vegetable, and other
Matters--Dupré’s Experiments--Bergeron and L. L’Hôte’s
Researches, 612-614
800. The “Coppering” of Vegetables--Copper in Green Peas--
Phyllocyanic Acid, 614, 615
801. Preparations of Copper used in Medicine and the Arts--(1)
Medicinal Preparations--(2) Copper in the Arts, 615, 616
802. Dose--Medicinal Dose of Copper, 616, 617
803. Effects of Soluble Copper Salts on Animals, 617-619
804. Toxic Dose of Copper Salts, 619
805. Cases of Acute Poisoning, 619, 620
806. Effects of Subacetate, Subchloride, and Carbonate of Copper, 620
807. _Post-mortem_ Appearances seen in Acute Poisoning by Copper,
620, 621
808. Chronic Poisoning by Copper, 621, 622
809. Detection and Estimation of Copper--General Method--Special
Method for Copper in Solution in Water and other Liquids--
Detection of Copper in Animal Matters, 622-624
810. Volumetric Processes for the Estimation of Copper, 624

3. _Bismuth._

811. Bismuth as a Metal, 624
812. Teroxide of Bismuth, 624
813. The Sulphide of Bismuth, 624
814. Preparations of Bismuth used in Medicine and the Arts--(1)
Pharmaceutical Preparations--(2) Bismuth in the Arts, 624, 625
815. Medicinal Doses of Bismuth, 625
816. Toxic Effects of Sub-nitrate of Bismuth, 625, 626
817. Extraction and Detection of Bismuth in Animal Matter, 626, 627
818. Estimation of Bismuth--Volumetric Processes, 627, 628

4. _Silver._

819. Properties of Metallic Silver, 628, 629
820. Chloride of Silver, 629
821. Sulphide of Silver, 629
822. Preparations of Silver used in Medicine and the Arts--(1)
Medicinal Preparations--(2) Silver in the Arts, 629, 630
823. Medicinal Dose of Silver Compounds, 630
824. Effects of Nitrate of Silver on Animals--Chronic Poisoning,
630, 631
825. Toxic Effects of Silver Nitrate on Man--(1) Acute--(2) Chronic
Poisoning, 631, 632
826. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 632
827. Detection and Estimation of Silver, 632, 633

5. _Mercury._

828. The Metal Mercury--Mercurous Chloride, or Calomel, 633, 634
829. Sulphide of Mercury, 634
830. Medicinal Preparations of Mercury, 634-638
831. Mercury in the Arts--The Sulphocyanide of Mercury--Acid Solution
of Nitrate of Mercury, 639
832. The more common Patent and Quack Medicines containing Mercury,
639, 640
833. Mercury in Veterinary Medicine, 640
834. Medicinal and Fatal Dose, 640, 641
835. Poisoning by Mercury--Statistics, 641
836. Effects of Mercurial Vapour and of the Non-Corrosive Compounds
of Mercury--(_a_) On Vegetable Life--(_b_) On Animal Life,
641, 642
837. Effects on Man, 642, 643
838. Absorption of Mercury by the Skin, 643
839. Symptoms of Poisoning by Mercury Vapour, 643, 644
840. Mercurial Tremor, 644, 645
841. Mercuric Methide--Effects of, as Illustrated by two Cases,
645, 646
842. Effects of the Corrosive Salts of Mercury, 646, 647
843. Death from the External Use of Corrosive Sublimate, 647
844. Effects of the Nitrates of Mercury, 647
845. Case of _Reg._ v. _E. Smith_, 648
846. Mercuric Cyanide, 648
847. White Precipitate, 648
848. Treatment of Acute and Chronic Poisoning, 648
849. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Pathological Preparations in Various
Anatomical Museums, 648-650
850. Pathological Appearances from the Effects of Nitrate of Mercury,
650
851. Elimination of Mercury, 650, 651
852. Tests for Mercury, 651, 652
853. The Detection of Mercury in Organic Substances and Fluids,
652-654
854. Estimation of Mercury--The Dry Method, 654
855. Volumetric Processes for the Estimation of Mercury, 654, 655

III. PRECIPITATED BY HYDRIC SULPHIDE FROM A NEUTRAL SOLUTION.

ZINC--NICKEL--COBALT.

1. _Zinc._

856. Properties of Metallic Zinc, 655, 656
857. Carbonate of Zinc, 656
858. Oxide of Zinc, 656
859. Sulphide of Zinc--Sulphate of Zinc, 656
860. Preparation and Uses of Chloride of Zinc, 656, 657
861. Zinc in the Arts--Zinc Chromate--Zinc Pigments--Action of Fluids
on Zinc Vessels, 657, 658
862. Effects of Zinc, as shown by Experiments on Animals, 658
863. Effects of Zinc Compounds on Man--Zinc Oxide, 658, 659
864. Sulphate of Zinc, 659
865. Zinc Chloride, 659, 660
866. _Post-mortem_ Appearances--Illustrated by Specimens in
Pathological Museums, 660, 661
867. Detection of Zinc in Organic Liquids or Solids, 661, 662
868. Identification of Zinc Sulphide, 662

2. _Nickel--Cobalt._

869. Experiments of Anderson Stuart on the Toxic Action of Nickel and
Cobalt, 662, 663
870. Symptoms witnessed in various Classes of Animals after taking
Doses of Nickel or Cobalt, 663, 664
871. Effects on the Circulation and Nervous System, 664
872. Action on Striped Muscle, 664
873. Separation of Nickel or Cobalt from the Organic Matters or
Tissues, 664, 665
874. Estimation of Cobalt or Nickel, 665

IV. PRECIPITATED BY AMMONIUM SULPHIDE.

IRON--CHROMIUM--THALLIUM--ALUMINIUM--URANIUM.

1. _Iron._

875. Poisonous and Non-Poisonous Salts of Iron, 665
876. Ferric Chloride--Pharmaceutical Preparations of Ferric Chloride,
666
877. Effects of Ferric Chloride on Animals, 666
878. Effects on Man--Criminal Case at Martinique, 666, 667
879. Elimination of Ferric Chloride, 667, 668
880. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 668
881. Ferrous Sulphate, 668, 669
882. Search for Iron Salts in the Contents of the Stomach, 669, 670

2. _Chromium._

883. Neutral Chromate of Potash, 670
884. Potassic Bichromate, 670
885. Neutral Lead Chromate, 670, 671
886. Use in the Arts, 671
887. Effects of some of the Chromium Compounds on Animal Life, 671
888. Effects of some of the Chromium Compounds on Man--Bichromate
Disease, 671, 672
889. Acute Poisoning by the Chromates--Illustrative Cases, 672, 673
890. Lethal Effects of Chromate of Lead, 673
891. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 674
892. Detection of the Chromates and Separation of the Salts of
Chromium from the Contents of the Stomach, 674, 675

3. _Thallium._

893. Discovery of Thallium--Its Properties, 675, 676
894. Effects of Thallium Salts, 676
895. Separation of Thallium from Organic Fluids or Tissues, 676

4. _Aluminium._

896. Aluminium and its Salts, 676, 677
897. Action of Alum Salts--Siem’s Researches--Alum Baking-Powders,
677, 678
898. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 678
899. Detection of Alumina, 678, 679

5. _Uranium._

900. Poisonous Properties of Uranium Salts, 679
901. Detection and Estimation of Uranium, 679

V. ALKALINE EARTHS.

BARIUM.

902. Salts of Barium in Use in the Arts, 679, 680
903. Chloride of Barium, 680
904. Baric Carbonate, 680
905. Sulphate of Barium, 680
906. Effects of the Soluble Salts of Barium on Animals, 681
907. Effects of the Salts of Barium on Man--Fatal Dose, 681, 682
908. Symptoms, 682, 683
909. Distribution of Barium in the Body, 683
910. _Post-mortem_ Appearances, 683, 684
911. Separation of Barium Salts from Organic Solids or Fluids, and
their Identification, 684