Chapter XIII: Part 13

=Valves, sticking of=, def., 377
the lift of valves, 214

=Vapors=, des., 73

=Vapor, when it becomes a gas=, 73

=Velocity of falling bodies=, valves to find, 89
fluids flowing from an orifice, 105, 106
streams, ills., 110
water in flumes and pipes, 138
in tail-race, Rule, 138
in water pressure engines, 145

=Ventres=, def., 106

=Vertical pumps=, why so called, 187

=Vinegar=, specific gravity of, 96

=Viscosity=, def., 33, 75
of fluids, des., 99, 102

=Vis viva=, def., 102

=Vitreous electricity=, 245

=Vitruvius=, quotation from, 57

=Volt=, def., 256

=Voltaic electricity=, 246

=Voltmeters=, def., 256

=V thread=, def., 33

=Washer=, def., 33

=Waste channel of water-falls=, 119

=Waste pipe=, sizes for the underwriter pump, 384

=Water and steam=, one an elastic and the other a non-elastic liquid,
149

=Water arch=, def., 33

=Water as an example of a fluid=, 73

=Water-bellows=, def., 33

=Water, boiling point of=, 76
cap, def., 33
chemical composition of, 75
clocks, des. and ills., 39
conditions of, 75-77
considered from a chemical standpoint, 75
data relating to, 75

=Water dust=, French term for steam, 285
end, def., 33
of the underwriter steam fire pump, ills. and des., 367-380
pumps, des. and ills., 209

=Waterfalls=, des. of supply and waste channels, 119
division of parts deriving energy, 119

=Water, flow of, result of gravity=, 89
four notable temperatures of, 75

=Water-hammer=, def., 34
or valve slam, def., 374
influence of gravity on weight of, note, 80

=Water-lifting inventions=, 53-70
of what composed, 285
practically non-elastic, data, 75-77
pressure engines, care of, to prevent freezing, etc., 145, 146

=Water pressure machines=, 117-154
measurement of, 113
due to its weight, data, 83
pressure of, table, 114
pressure on column of, data, 77
how transmitted, data and ills., 79
proportioned to its depth, data, 83
table, 77

=Water pressure or hydraulic motors=, des., 147

=Water pumps=, why so called, 187
racks for turbine wheels, how best made, 131

=Water ram=, def., 34
rises to same level in opposite arms of tube, data, 83
salt, boiling point of, 76
sea, how many cubic feet to ton, 97
tables of weight and volume, etc., 76
temperature of, for calculations, 75

=Water=, theoretical and actual flow, note, 106
three laws of frictional resistance of, 100

=Water-tight turbine=, ills. and des., 139
under pressure, efflux of, 105-113
velocity of, in flumes and pipes, rule, 138
tail race, rule, 138
weight and volume of, tables, 76, 77
in round numbers, 76
one cubic foot of, 76

=Water wheel=, 132, 133

=Water wheels=, 119-144
des. and ills. of “chutes,” gate-seats, “gates” and “buckets” of
turbine, des. and ills., 139
des. and ills. of flutter wheels, etc., 121-125
des. of “runners,” “guides” and water racks, 130
des. of the “step” buckets, etc., 130
des. “tail water” and “draft tube”, 135
setting of, in penstock, 134
Leffel, 130
when the water is measured, 130

=Water will rise as high as its source=, data, 83

=Watt, Jas., account of his discovery= of the properties of steam,
280, 281

=Watt, Jas.=, historical, ref., 35

=Weinman steam pump=, ills. and des., 322-324

=Weirs=, def., 122

=Weir tables=, allusion to in note, 122

=Wells=, des. and ills., 45-52
driven or tube, 202
historical note, 50
Roman, historical ref., 48
tube, how driven, ills. and des., 203
with stairs, historical des., 51

=Wet steam=, def., 286

=Wheel and axle=, use of, in wells, 64

=Wheel, scoop=, des. and ills., 56

=Wheel, the Egyptian=, des. and ills., 57

=Wheel, the Noria=, des. and ills., 57
the Persian, des. and ills., 58

=Whirlpool-chamber=, def., 35

=Why an electric motor revolves=, 258

=Willow, specific gravity of=, 96

=Windlass, Chinese=, historical ref. and ills., 47, 62

=Wind pumps=, why so called, 187

=Wing-nut=, def., 35
pattern check valve, ills. and des., 227

=Working barrel=, def., 34

=Work=, useful, done in water pressure engines, 145

=Worthington, Henry Rossiter=, historical notes, 68-70
engraved portrait of, vi
death of, 70
ills. of first patented steam pump, 278

=Worthington duplex pump=, 336

=Y=, def., 35

=Yoke=, def., 35
of the underwriter steam fire pump, 356

=Zinc=, specific gravity of, 96