Chapter V: Second Period of Humanism

Transition from Florence to Rome -- Vicissitudes of Learning at the
Papal Court -- Diplomatic Humanists -- Protonotaries -- Apostolic
Scribes -- Ecclesiastical Sophists -- Immorality and Artificiality of
Scholarship in Rome -- Poggio and Bruni, Secretaries -- Eugenius IV.
-- His Patronage of Scholars -- Flavio Biondo -- Solid Erudition --
Nicholas V. -- His Private History -- Nature of his Talents -- His
unexpected Elevation to the Roman See -- Jubilation of the Humanists
-- His Protection of Learned Men in Rome -- A Workshop of Erudition --
A Factory of Translations -- High Sums paid for Literary Labour --
Poggio Fiorentino -- His Early Life -- His Journeys -- His Eminence as
a Man of Letters -- His attitude towards Ecclesiastics -- His
Invectives -- Humanistic Gladiators -- Poggio and Filelfo -- Poggio
and Guarino -- Poggio and Valla -- Poggio and Perotti -- Poggio and
Georgios Trapezuntios -- Literary Scandals -- Poggio's Collections of
Antiquities -- Chancellor of Florence -- Cardinal Bessarion -- His
Library -- Theological Studies -- Apology for Plato -- The Greeks in
Italy -- Humanism at Naples -- Want of Culture in Southern Italy --
Learning an Exotic -- Alfonso the Magnificent -- Scholars in the Camp
-- Literary Dialogues at Naples -- Antonio Beccadelli -- The
'Hermaphroditus' -- Lorenzo Valla -- The Epicurean -- The Critic --
The Opponent of the Church -- Bartolommeo Fazio -- Giannantonio
Porcello -- Court of Milan -- Filippo Maria Visconti -- Decembrio's
Description of his Master -- Francesco Filelfo -- His Early Life --
Visit to Constantinople -- Place at Court -- Marriage -- Return to
Italy -- Venice -- Bologna -- His Pretensions as a Professor --
Florence -- Feuds with the Florentines -- Immersion in Politics --
Siena -- Settles at Milan -- His Fame -- Private Life and Public
Interests -- Overtures to Rome -- Filelfo under the Sforza Tyranny --
Literary Brigandage -- Death at Florence -- Filelfo as the
Representative of a Class -- Vittorino da Feltre -- Early Education --
Scheme of Training Youths as Scholars -- Residence at Padua --
Residence at Mantua -- His School of Princes -- Liberality to Poor
Students -- Details of his Life and System -- Court of Ferrara --
Guarino da Verona -- House Tutor of Lionello d'Este -- Giovanni
Aurispa -- Smaller Courts -- Carpi -- Mirandola -- Rimini and the
Malatesta Tyrants -- Cesena -- Pesaro -- Urbino and Duke Frederick --
Vespasiano da Bisticci 155