Chapter XXVIII: Section II: Prospective Volition (1)

1. CONCEPTIONAL VOLITION

620. Intention — N. intent, intention, intentionality; purpose; quo animo [Lat.]; project &c 626; undertaking &c 676; predetermination &c 611; design, ambition. contemplation, mind, animus, view, purview, proposal; study; look out. final cause; raison d'etre [Fr.]; cui bono [Lat.]; object, aim, end; the be all and the end all; drift &c (meaning) 516; tendency &c 176; destination, mark, point, butt, goal, target, bull's-eye, quintain [Mediev.]; prey, quarry, game. decision, determination, resolve; fixed set purpose, settled purpose; ultimatum; resolution &c 604; wish &c 865; arriere pensee [Fr.]; motive &c 615. [Study of final causes] teleology. V. intend, purpose, design, mean; have to; propose to oneself; harbor a design; have in view, have in contemplation, have in one's eye, have in petto; have an eye to. bid for, labor for; be after, aspire after, endeavor after; be at, aim at, drive at, point at, level at, aspire at; take aim; set before oneself; study to. take upon oneself &c (undertake) 676; take into one's head; meditate, contemplate of, think of, dream of, talk of; premeditate &c 611; compass, calculate; destine, destinate†; propose. project &c (plan) 626; have a mind to &c (be willing) 602; desire &c 865; pursue &c 622. Adj. intended &c v.; intentional, advised, express, determinate; prepense &c 611 [Obs.]; bound for; intending &c v.; minded; bent upon &c (earnest) 604; at stake; on the anvil, on the tapis†; in view, in prospect, in the breast of; in petto; teleological Adv. intentionally &c adj.; advisedly, wittingly, knowingly, designedly, purposely, on purpose, by design, studiously, pointedly; with intent &c n.; deliberately &c (with premeditation) 611; with one's eyes open, in cold blood. for; with a view, with an eye to; in order to, in order that; to the end that, with the intent that; for the purpose of, with the view of, in contemplation of, on account of. in pursuance of, pursuant to; quo animo [Lat.]; to all intents and purposes. Phr. The road to hell is paved with good intentions [Johnson]; sublimi feriam sidera vertice [Lat.] [Horace].

621. [Absence of purpose in the succession of events] Chance — N. chance &c 156; lot, fate &c (necessity) 601; luck; good luck &c (good) 618; mascot. speculation, venture, stake, game of chance; mere shot, random shot; blind bargain, leap in the dark; pig in a poke &c (uncertainty) 475; fluke, potluck; faro bank; flyer [Slang]; limit. uncertainty; uncertainty principle, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. drawing lots; sortilegy†, sortition†; sortes†, sortes Virgilianae†; rouge et noir [Fr.], hazard, ante, chuck-a-luck, crack-loo [U.S.], craps, faro, roulette, pitch and toss, chuck, farthing, cup tossing, heads or tails cross and pile, poker-dice; wager; bet, betting; gambling; the turf. gaming house, gambling house, betting house; bucket shop; gambling joint; totalizator, totalizer; hell; betting ring; dice, dice box. [person who takes chances] gambler, gamester; man of the turf; adventurer; dicer†. V. chance &c (hap) 156; stand a chance &c (be possible) 470. toss up; cast lots, draw lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave to the chapter of accidents, trust to the chapter of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it, take one's chance, take a shot at it (attempt) 675; run the risk, run the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter the risk, encounter the chance; stand the hazard of the die. speculate, try one's luck, set on a cast, raffle, put into a lottery, buy a pig in a poke, shuffle the cards. risk, venture, hazard, stake; ante; lay, lay a wager; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for; play at chuck farthing. Adj. fortuitous &c 156; unintentional, unintended; accidental; not meant; undesigned, purposed; unpremeditated &c 612; unforeseen, uncontemplated, never thought of. random, indiscriminate, promiscuous; undirected; aimless, driftless†, designless†, purposeless, causeless; without purpose. possible &c 470. unforeseeable, unpredictable, chancy, risky, speculative, dicey. Adv. randomly, by chance, fortuitously; unpredictably, unforeseeably; casually &c 156; unintentionally &c adj.; unwittingly. en passant [Fr.], by the way, incidentally; as it may happen; at random, at a venture, at haphazard. Phr. acierta errando [Lat.]; dextro tempore [Lat.]; fearful concatenation of circumstances [D. Webster]; fortuitous combination of circumstances [Dickens]; le jeu est le fils d'avarice et le pere du desespoir [Fr.]; the happy combination of fortuitous circumstances [Scott]; the fortuitous or casual concourse of atoms [Bentley]; God does not play dice with the universe [A. Einstein].

622. [Purpose in action.] Pursuit — N. pursuit; pursuing &c v.; prosecution; pursuance; enterprise &c (undertaking) 676; business &c 625; adventure &c (essay) 675; quest &c (search) 461; scramble, hue and cry, game; hobby; still-hunt. chase, hunt, battue†, race, steeple chase, hunting, coursing; venation, venery; fox chase; sport, sporting; shooting, angling, fishing, hawking; shikar (Geog loc:India). pursuer; hunter, huntsman; shikari (Geog loc:India), sportsman, Nimrod; hound &c 366. V. pursue, prosecute, follow; run after, make after, be after, hunt after, prowl after; shadow; carry on &c (do) 680; engage in &c (undertake) 676; set about &c (begin) 66; endeavor &c 675; court &c (request) 765; seek &c (search) 461; aim at &c (intention) 620; follow the trail &c (trace) 461; fish for &c (experiment) 463; press on &c (haste) 684; run a race &c (velocity) 274. chase, give chase, course, dog, hunt, hound; tread on the heels, follow on the heels of, &c (sequence) 281. rush upon; rush headlong &c (violence) 173, ride full tilt at, run full tilt at; make a leap at, jump at, snatch at run down; start game. tread a path; take a course, hold a course; shape one's steps, direct one's steps, bend one's steps, course; play a game; fight one's way, elbow one's way; follow up; take to, take up; go in for; ride one's hobby. Adj. pursuing &c v.; in quest of &c (inquiry) 461; in pursuit, in full cry, in hot pursuit; on the scent. Adv. in pursuance of &c (intention) 620; after. Int. tallyho!, yoicks!, soho!†,

623. [Absence of pursuit.] Avoidance — N. abstention, abstinence; for bearance†; refraining &c v.; inaction &c 681; neutrality. avoidance, evasion, elusion; seclusion &c 893. avolation†, flight; escape &c 671; retreat &c 287; recoil &c 277; departure &c 293; rejection &c 610. shirker &c v.; truant; fugitive, refugee; runaway, runagate; maroon. V. abstain, refrain, spare, not attempt; not do &c 681; maintain the even tenor of one's way. eschew, keep from, let alone, have nothing to do with; keep aloof keep off, stand aloof, stand off, hold aloof, hold off; take no part in, have no hand in. avoid, shun; steer clear of, keep clear of; fight shy of; keep one's distance, keep at a respectful distance; keep out of the way, get out of the way; evade, elude, turn away from; set one's face against &c (oppose) 708; deny oneself. shrink back; hang back, hold back, draw back; recoil &c 277; retire &c (recede) 287; flinch, blink, blench, shy, shirk, dodge, parry, make way for, give place to. beat a retreat; turn tail, turn one's back; take to one's heels; runaway, run for one's life; cut and run; be off like a shot; fly, flee; fly away, flee away, run away from; take flight, take to flight; desert, elope; make off, scamper off, sneak off, shuffle off, sheer off; break away, tear oneself away, slip away, slink away, steel away, make away from, scamper away from, sneak away from, shuffle away from, sheer away from; slip cable, part company, turn one's heel; sneak out of, play truant, give one the go by, give leg bail, take French leave, slope, decamp, flit, bolt, abscond, levant, skedaddle, absquatulat [U.S.], cut one's stick, walk one's chalks, show a light pair of heels, make oneself scarce; escape &c 671; go away &c (depart) 293; abandon &c 624; reject &c 610. lead one a dance, lead one a pretty dance; throw off the scent, play at hide and seek. Adj. unsought, unattempted; avoiding &c v.; neutral, shy of &c (unwilling) 603; elusive, evasive; fugitive, runaway; shy, wild. Adj. lest, in order to avoid. Int. forbear!, keep off, hands off!, sauve qui peut! [Fr.], every man for himself! [Fr.Tr.]; devil take the hindmost!, Phr. things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme [Paradise Lost].

624. Relinquishment — N. relinquishment, abandonment; desertion, defection, secession, withdrawal; cave of Adullam†; nolle prosequi [Lat.]. discontinuance &c (cessation) 142; renunciation &c (recantation) 607; abrogation &c 756; resignation &c (retirement) 757; desuetude &c 614; cession &c (of property) 782. V. relinquish, give up, abandon, desert, forsake, leave in the lurch; go back on; depart from, secede from, withdraw from; back out of; leave, quit, take leave of, bid a long farewell; vacate &c (resign) 757. renounce &c (abjure) 607; forego, have done with, drop; disuse &c 678; discard &c 782; wash one's hands of; drop all idea of. break off, leave off; desist; stop &c (cease) 142; hold one's hand, stay one's hand; quit one's hold; give over, shut up shop. throw up the game, throw up the cards; give up the point, give up the argument; pass to the order of the day, move to the previous question. Adj. unpursued†; relinquished &c v.; relinquishing &c v.. Int. avast!, &c (stop) 142. Phr. aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben [G.]; entbehre gern was du nicht hast [G.].

625. Business — N. business, occupation, employment; pursuit &c 622; what one is doing, what one is about; affair, concern, matter, case. matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore [U.S.], errand, commission, mission, charge, care; duty &c 926. part, role, cue; province, function, lookout, department, capacity, sphere, orb, field, line; walk, walk of life; beat, round, routine; race, career. office, place, post, chargeship†, incumbency, living; situation, berth, employ; service &c (servitude) 749; engagement; undertaking &c 676. vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty; industry, art; industrial arts; craft, mystery, handicraft; trade &c (commerce) 794. exercise; work &c (action) 680; avocation; press of business &c (activity) 682. V. pass one's time in, employ one's time in, spend one's time in; employ oneself in, employ oneself upon; occupy oneself with, concern oneself with; make it one's business &c n.; undertake &c 676; enter a profession; betake oneself to, turn one's hand to; have to do with &c (do) 680. office, place, post, chargeship†, incumbency, living; situation, berth, employ; service &c (servitude) 749; engagement; undertaking &c 676. drive a trade; carry on a trade, do a trade, transact a trade, carry on business, do business, transact business &c n.; keep a shop; ply one's task, ply one's trade; labor in one's vocation; pursue the even tenor of one's way; attend to business, attend to one's work. officiate, serve, act; act one's part, play one's part; do duty; serve the office of, discharge the office of, perform the office of, perform the duties of, perform the functions of; hold an office, fill an office, fill a place, fill a situation; hold a portfolio, hold a place, hold a situation. be about, be doing, be engaged in, be employed in, be occupied with, be at work on; have one's hands in, have in hand; have on one's hands, have on one's shoulders; bear the burden; have one's hands full &c (activity) 682. be in the hands of, be on the stocks, be on the anvil; pass through one's hands. Adj. businesslike; workaday; professional; official, functional; busy &c (actively employed) 682; on hand, in hand, in one's hands; afoot; on foot, on the anvil; going on; acting. Adv. in the course of business, all in one's day's work; professionally &c Adj.. Phr. a business with an income at its heels [Cowper]; amoto quaeramus seria ludo [Lat.] [Horace]; par negotiis neque supra [Lat.] [Tacitus].

626. Plan — N. plan, scheme, design, project; proposal, proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution &c (provision) 673; deep- laid plan &c (premeditated) 611; system &c (order) 58; organization &c (arrangement) 60; germ &c (cause) 153. sketch, skeleton, outline, draught, draft, ebauche [Fr.], brouillon [Fr.]; rough cast, rough draft, draught copy; copy; proof, revise. drawing, scheme, schematic, graphic, chart, flow chart (representation) 554. forecast, program, programme, prospectus; carte du pays [Fr.]; card; bill, protocol; order of the day, list of agenda; bill of fare &c (food) 298; base of operations; platform, plank, slate [U.S.], ticket [U.S.]. role; policy &c (line of conduct) 692. contrivance, invention, expedient, receipt, nostrum, artifice, device; pipelaying [U.S.]; stratagem &c (cunning) 702; trick &c (deception) 545; alternative, loophole; shift &c (substitute) 147; last shift &c (necessity) 601. measure, step; stroke, stroke of policy; master stroke; trump card, court card; cheval de bataille [Fr.], great gun; coup, coup d'etat [Fr.]; clever stroke, bold stroke, good move, good hit, good stroke; bright thought, bright idea. intrigue, cabal, plot, conspiracy, complot†, machination; subplot, underplot†, counterplot. schemer, schemist†, schematist†; strategist, machinator; projector, artist, promoter, designer &c v.; conspirator; intrigant &c (cunning) 702 [Obs.]. V. plan, scheme, design, frame, contrive, project, forecast, sketch; devise, invent &c (imagine) 515; set one's wits to work &c 515; spring a project; fall upon, hit upon; strike out, chalk out, cut out, lay out, map out; lay down a plan; shape out a course, mark out a course; predetermine &c 611; concert, preconcert, preestablish; prepare &c 673; hatch, hatch a plot concoct; take steps, take measures. cast, recast, systematize, organize; arrange &c 60; digest, mature. plot; counter-plot, counter-mine; dig a mine; lay a train; intrigue &c (cunning) 702. Adj. planned &c v.; strategic, strategical; planning &c v.; prepared, in course of preparation &c 673; under consideration; on the tapis†, on the carpet, on the floor.

627. Method [Path.] — N. method, way, manner, wise, gait, form, mode, fashion, tone, guise; modus operandi, MO; procedure &c (line of conduct) 692. path, road, route, course; line of way, line of road; trajectory, orbit, track, beat, tack. steps; stair, staircase; flight of stairs, ladder, stile; perron†. bridge, footbridge, viaduct, pontoon, steppingstone, plank, gangway; drawbridge; pass, ford, ferry, tunnel; pipe &c 260. door; gateway &c (opening) 260; channel, passage, avenue, means of access, approach, adit†; artery, lane, loan [Scot.], alley, aisle, lobby, corridor; back-door, back-stairs; secret passage; covert way; vennel†. roadway, pathway, stairway; express; thoroughfare; highway; turnpike, freeway, royal road, coach road; broad highway, King's highway, Queen's highway; beaten track, beaten path; horse road, bridle road, bridle track, bridle path; walk, trottoir†, footpath, pavement, flags, sidewalk; crossroad, byroad, bypath, byway; cut; short cut &c (mid-course) 628; carrefour†; private road, occupation road; highways and byways; railroad, railway, tram road, tramway; towpath; causeway; canal &c (conduit) 350; street &c (abode) 189; speedway. adv.. how; in what way, in what manner; by what mode; so, in this way, after this fashion. one way or another, anyhow; somehow or other &c (instrumentality) 631; by way of; via; in transitu &c 270 [Lat.]; on the high road to. Phr. hae tibi erunt artes [Lat.].

628. Mid-course — N. middle course, midcourse; mean &c 29; middle &c 68; juste milieu [Fr.], mezzo termine [It], golden mean, ariston metron [Gr.], aurea mediocritas [Lat.]. straight &c (direct) 278, straight course, straight path; short cut, cross cut; great circle sailing. neutrality; half measure, half and half measures; compromise. V. keep in a middle course, preserve a middle course, preserve an even course, go straight &c (direct) 278. go halfway, compromise, make a compromise. Adj. straight &c (direct) 278. Phr. medium tenuere beati [Lat.].

629. Circuit — N. circuit, roundabout way, digression, detour, circumbendibus, ambages†, loop; winding &c (circuition) 311 [Obs.]; zigzag &c (deviation) 279. V. perform a circuit; go round about, go out of one's way; make a detour; meander &c (deviate) 279. lead a pretty dance; beat about the bush; make two bites of a cherry. Adj. circuitous, indirect, roundabout; zigzag &c (deviating) 279; backhanded. Adv. by a side wind, by an indirect course; in a roundabout way; from pillar to post.

630. Requirement — N. requirement, need, wants, necessities; necessaries, necessaries of life; stress, exigency, pinch, sine qua non, matter of necessity; case of need, case of life or death. needfulness, essentiality, necessity, indispensability, urgency. requisition &c (request) 765, (exaction) 741; run upon; demand, call for. charge, claim, command, injunction, mandate, order, precept. desideratum &c (desire) 865; want &c (deficiency) 640. V. require, need, want, have occasion for; not be able to do without, not be able to dispense with; prerequire†. render necessary, necessitate, create a, necessity for, call for, put in requisition; make a requisition &c (ask for) 765, (demand) 741. stand in need of; lack &c 640; desiderate†; desire &c 865; be necessary &c Adj. Adj. required &c v.; requisite, needful, necessary, imperative, essential, indispensable, prerequisite; called for; in demand, in request. urgent, exigent, pressing, instant, crying, absorbing. in want of; destitute of &c 640. Adv. ex necessitate rei &c (necessarily) 601 [Lat.]; of necessity. Phr. there is no time to lose; it cannot be spared, it cannot be dispensed with; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat.] [Quintilian]; necessitas non habet legem [Lat.]; nec tecum possum trivere nec sine te [Lat.] [Martial].

2. SUBSERVIENCE TO ENDS 1. Actual Subservience

631. Instrumentality — N. instrumentality; aid &c 707; subservience, subserviency; mediation, intervention, medium, intermedium†, vehicle, hand; agency &c 170. minister, handmaid; midwife, accoucheur [Fr.], accoucheuse [Fr.], obstetrician; gobetween; cat's-paw; stepping-stone. opener &c 260; key; master key, passkey, latchkey; open sesame; passport, passe-partout, safe-conduct, password. instrument &c 633; expedient &c (plan) 626; means &c 632. V. subserve, minister, mediate, intervene; be instrumental &c adj.; pander to; officiate; tend. Adj. instrumental; useful &c 644; ministerial, subservient, mediatorial†; intermediate, intervening; conducive. Adv. through, by, per; whereby, thereby, hereby; by the agency of &c 170; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through the medium of &c n.; along with; on the shoulders of; by means of &c 632; by the aid of, with the aid of &c (assistance) 707. per fas et nefas [Lat.], by fair means or foul; somehow, somehow or other; by hook or by crook.

632. Means — N. means, resources, wherewithal, ways and means; capital &c (money) 800; revenue; stock in trade &c 636; provision &c 637; a shot in the locker; appliances &c (machinery) 633; means and appliances; conveniences; cards to play; expedients &c (measures) 626; two strings to one's bow; sheet anchor &c (safety) 666; aid &c 707; medium &c 631. V. find means, have means, possess means &c n.. Adj. instrumental &c 631; mechanical &c 633. Adv. by means of, with; by what means, by all means, by any means, by some means; wherewith, herewith, therewith; wherewithal. how &c (in what manner) 627; through &c (by the instrumentality of) 631; with the aid of, by the aid of &c (assistance) 707; by the agency of &c 170

633. Instrument — N. machinery, mechanism, engineering. instrument, organ, tool, implement, utensil, machine, engine, lathe, gin, mill; air engine, caloric engine, heat engine. gear; tackle, tackling, rig, rigging, apparatus, appliances; plant, materiel; harness, trappings, fittings, accouterments; barde†; equipment, equipmentage†; appointments, furniture, upholstery; chattels; paraphernalia &c (belongings) 780. mechanical powers; lever, leverage; mechanical advantage; crow, crowbar; handspike†, gavelock†, jemmy†, jimmy, arm, limb, wing; oar, paddle; pulley; wheel and axle; wheelwork, clockwork; wheels within wheels; pinion, crank, winch; cam; pedal; capstan &c (lift) 307; wheel &c (rotation) 312; inclined plane; wedge; screw; spring, mainspring; can hook, glut, heald†, heddle†, jenny, parbuckle†, sprag†, water wheel. handle, hilt, haft, shaft, heft, shank, blade, trigger, tiller, helm, treadle, key; turnscrew, screwdriver; knocker. hammer &c (impulse) 276; edge tool &c (cut) 253; borer &c 262; vice, teeth, &c (hold) 781; nail, rope &c (join) 45; peg &c (hang) 214; support &c 215; spoon &c (vehicle) 272; arms &c 727; oar &c (navigation) 267; cardiograph, recapper†, snowplow, tenpenny†, votograph†. Adj. instrumental &c 631; mechanical, machinal†; brachial [Med.].

634. Substitute — N. substitute &c 147; deputy &c 759; badli†.

635. Materials — N. material, raw material, stuff, stock, staple; adobe, brown stone; chinking; clapboard; daubing; puncheon; shake; shingle, bricks and mortar; metal; stone; clay, brick crockery &c 384; compo, composition; concrete; reinforced concrete, cement; wood, ore, timber. materials; supplies, munition, fuel, grist, household stuff pabulum &c (food) 298; ammunition &c (arms) 727; contingents; relay, reinforcement, reenforcement†; baggage &c (personal property) 780; means &c 632; calico, cambric, cashmere. Adj. raw &c (unprepared) 674; wooden &c n.; adobe.

636. Store — N. stock, fund, mine, vein, lode, quarry; spring; fount, fountain; well, wellspring; milch cow. stock in trade, supply; heap &c (collection) 72; treasure; reserve, corps de reserve, reserved fund, nest egg, savings, bonne bouche [Fr.]. crop, harvest, mow, vintage. store, accumulation, hoard, rick, stack; lumber; relay &c (provision) 637. storehouse, storeroom, storecloset†; depository, depot, cache, repository, reservatory†, repertory; repertorium†; promptuary†, warehouse, entrepot [Fr.], magazine; buttery, larder, spence†; garner, granary; cannery, safe-deposit vault, stillroom†; thesaurus; bank &c (treasury) 802; armory; arsenal; dock; gallery, museum, conservatory; menagery†, menagerie. reservoir, cistern, aljibar†, tank, pond, mill pond; gasometer†. budget, quiver, bandolier, portfolio; coffer &c (receptacle) 191. conservation; storing &c v.; storage. V. store; put by, lay by, set by; stow away; set apart, lay apart; store treasure, hoard treasure, lay up, heap up, put up, garner up, save up; bank; cache; accumulate, amass, hoard, fund, garner, save. reserve; keep back, hold back; husband, husband one's resources. deposit; stow, stack, load; harvest; heap, collect &c 72; lay in store &c Adj.; keep, file (papers); lay in &c (provide) 637; preserve &c 670. Adj. stored &c v.; in store, in reserve, in ordinary; spare, supernumerary. Phr. adde parvum parvo magnus acervus erit [Lat.].

637. Provision — N. provision, supply; grist, grist for the mill; subvention &c (aid) 707; resources &c (means) 632; groceries, grocery. providing &c v.; purveyance; reinforcement, reenforcement†; commissariat. provender &c (food) 298; ensilage; viaticum. caterer, purveyor, commissary, quartermaster, manciple†, feeder, batman, victualer, grocer, comprador [Sp.], restaurateur; jackal, pelican; sutler &c (merchant) 797 [Obs.]. grocery shop, grocery store. V. provide; make provision, make due provision for; lay in, lay in a stock, lay in a store. supply, suppeditate†; furnish; find, find one in; arm. cater, victual, provision, purvey, forage; beat up for; stock, stock with; make good, replenish; fill, fill up; recruit, feed. have in store, have in reserve; keep, keep by one, keep on foot, keep on hand; have to fall back upon; store &c 636; provide against a rainy day &c (economy) 817.

638. Waste — N. consumption, expenditure, exhaustion; dispersion &c 73; ebb; leakage &c (exudation) 295; loss &c 776; wear and tear; waste; prodigality &c 818; misuse &c 679; wasting &c v.; rubbish &c (useless) 645. mountain in labor. V. spend, expend, use, consume, swallow up, exhaust; impoverish; spill, drain, empty; disperse &c 73. cast away, fool away, muddle away, throw away, fling away, fritter away; burn the candle at both ends, waste; squander &c 818. waste its sweetness on the desert air [Gray]; cast one's bread upon the waters, cast pearls before swine; employ a steam engine to crack a nut, waste powder and shot, break a butterfly on a wheel; labor in vain &c (useless) 645; cut blocks with a razor, pour water into a sieve. leak &c (run out) 295; run to waste; ebb; melt away, run dry, dry up. Adj. wasted &c v.; at a low ebb. wasteful &c (prodigal) 818; penny wise and pound foolish. Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas [Lat.]; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle [Fr.]; idly busy rolls their world away [Goldsmith].

639. Sufficiency — N. sufficiency, adequacy, enough, withal, satisfaction, competence; no less; quantum sufficit [Lat.], Q.S. mediocrity &c (average) 29. fill; fullness &c (completeness) 52; plenitude, plenty; abundance; copiousness &c adj.; amplitude, galore, lots, profusion; full measure; good measure pressed down and running, over. luxuriance &c (fertility) 168; affluence &c (wealth) 803; fat of the land; a land flowing with milk and honey; cornucopia; horn of plenty, horn of Amalthaea; mine &c (stock) 636. outpouring; flood &c (great quantity) 31; tide &c (river) 348; repletion &c (redundancy) 641; satiety &c 869. V. be sufficient &c adj.; suffice, do, just do, satisfy, pass muster; have enough &c n.; eat. one's fill, drink one's fill, have one's fill; roll in, swim in; wallow in &c (superabundance) 641; wanton. abound, exuberate, teem, flow, stream, rain, shower down; pour, pour in; swarm; bristle with; superabound. render sufficient &c adj.; replenish &c (fill) 52. Adj. sufficient, enough, adequate, up to the mark, commensurate, competent, satisfactory, valid, tangible. measured; moderate &c (temperate) 953. full, &c (complete) 52; ample; plenty, plentiful, plenteous; plenty as blackberries; copious, abundant; abounding &c v.; replete, enough and to spare, flush; choke-full, chock-full; well-stocked, well- provided; liberal; unstinted, unstinting; stintless†; without stint; unsparing, unmeasured; lavish &c 641; wholesale. rich; luxuriant &c (fertile) 168; affluent &c (wealthy) 803; wantless†; big with &c (pregnant) 161. unexhausted†, unwasted†; exhaustless, inexhaustible. Adv. sufficiently, amply &c Adj.; full; in abundance &c n.. with no sparing hand; to one's heart's content, ad libitum, without stint. Phr. cut and come again [Crabbe]; das Beste ist gut genug [G.].

640. Insufficiency — N. insufficiency; inadequacy, inadequateness; incompetence &c (impotence) 158; deficiency &c (incompleteness) 53; imperfection &c 651; shortcoming &c 304; paucity; stint; scantiness &c (smallness) 32; none to spare, bare subsistence. scarcity, dearth; want, need, lack, poverty, exigency; inanition, starvation, famine, drought. dole, mite, pittance; short allowance, short commons; half rations; banyan day. emptiness, poorness &c adj.; depletion, vacancy, flaccidity; ebb tide; low water; a beggarly account of empty boxes [Romeo and Juliet]; indigence &c 804; insolvency &c (nonpayment) 808. V. be insufficient &c adj.; not suffice &c 639; come short of &c 304; run dry. want, lack, need, require; caret; be in want &c (poor) 804, live from hand to mouth. render insufficient &c Adj.; drain of resources, impoverish &c (waste) 638; stint &c (begrudge) 819; put on short allowance. do insufficiently &c adv.; scotch the snake. Adj. insufficient, inadequate; too little &c 32; not enough &c 639; unequal to; incompetent &c (impotent) 158; weighed in the balance and found wanting; perfunctory &c (neglect) 460; deficient &c (incomplete) 53; wanting, &c v.; imperfect &c 651; ill-furnished, ill-provided, ill- stored, ill-off. slack, at a low ebb; empty, vacant, bare; short of, out of, destitute of, devoid of, bereft of &c 789; denuded of; dry, drained. unprovided, unsupplied†, unfurnished; unreplenished, unfed†; unstored†, untreasured†; empty-handed. meager, poor, thin, scrimp, sparing, spare, stinted; starved, starving; halfstarved, famine-stricken, famished; jejune. scant &c (small) 32; scarce; not to be had, not to be had for love or money, not to be had at any price; scurvy; stingy &c 819; at the end of one's tether; without resources &c 632; in want &c (poor) 804; in debt &c 806. Adv. insufficiently &c adj.; in default of, for want of; failing. Phr. semper avarus eget [Lat.] [Horace].

641. Redundancy — N. redundancy, redundance†; too much, too many; superabundance, superfluity, superfluence†, saturation; nimiety†, transcendency, exuberance, profuseness; profusion &c (plenty) 639; repletion, enough in all conscience, satis superque [Lat.], lion's share; more than enough &c 639; plethora, engorgement, congestion, load, surfeit, sickener†; turgescence &c (expansion) 194 [Obs.]; overdose, overmeasure†, oversupply, overflow; inundation &c (water) 348; avalanche. accumulation &c (store) 636; heap &c 72; drug, drug in the market; glut; crowd; burden. excess; surplus, overplus†; epact†; margin; remainder &c 40; duplicate; surplusage†, expletive; work of supererogation; bonus, bonanza. luxury; intemperance &c 954; extravagance &c (prodigality) 818; exorbitance, lavishment†. pleonasm &c (diffuseness) 573; too many irons in the fire; embarras de richesses [Fr.]. V. superabound, overabound†; know no bounds, swarm; meet one at every turn; creep with, crawl with, bristle with; overflow; run over, flow over, well over, brim over; run riot; overrun, overstock, overlay, overcharge, overdose, overfeed, overburden, overload, overdo, overwhelm, overshoot the mark &c (go beyond) 303; surcharge, supersaturate, gorge, glut, load, drench, whelm, inundate, deluge, flood; drug, drug the market; hepatize†. choke, cloy, accloy†, suffocate; pile up, lay on thick; impregnate with; lavish &c (squander) 818. send coals to Newcastle, carry coals to Newcastle, carry owls to Athens†; teach one's grandmother to suck eggs; pisces natare docere [Lat.]; kill the slain, gild refined gold, gild the lily, butter one's bread on both sides, put butter upon bacon; employ a steam engine to crack a nut &c (waste) 638. exaggerate &c 549; wallow in roll in &c (plenty) 639; remain on one's hands, hang heavy on hand, go a begging. Adj. redundant; too much, too many; exuberant, inordinate, superabundant, excessive, overmuch, replete, profuse, lavish; prodigal &c 818; exorbitant; overweening; extravagant; overcharged &c v.; supersaturated, drenched, overflowing; running over, running to waste, running down. crammed to overflowing, filled to overflowing; gorged, ready to burst; dropsical, turgid, plethoric; obese &c 194. superfluous, unnecessary, needless, supervacaneous†, uncalled for, to spare, in excess; over and above &c (remainder) 40; de trop [Fr.]; adscititious &c (additional) 37; supernumerary &c (reserve) 636; on one's hands, spare, duplicate, supererogatory, expletive; un peu fort [Fr.]. Adv. over, too, over and above; overmuch, too much; too far; without measure, beyond measure, out of measure; with a to spare; over head and ears; up to one's eyes, up to one's ears; extra; beyond the mark &c (transcursion) 303; acervatim [Lat.]. Phr. it never rains but it pours; fortuna multis dat nimium nulli satis [Lat.]. 2. Degree of Subservience

642. Importance — N. importance, consequence, moment, prominence, consideration, mark, materialness. import, significance, concern; emphasis, interest. greatness &c 31; superiority &c 33; notability &c (repute) 873; weight &c (influence) 175; value &c (goodness) 648; usefulness &c 644. gravity, seriousness, solemnity; no joke, no laughing matter; pressure, urgency, stress; matter of life and death. memorabilia, notabilia†, great doings; red-letter day. great thing, great point; main chance, the be all and the end all [Macbeth]; cardinal point; substance, gist &c (essence) 5; sum and substance, gravamen, head and front; important part, principal part, prominent part, essential part; half the battle; sine qua non; breath of one's nostrils &c (life) 359; cream, salt, core, kernel, heart, nucleus; keynote, keystone; corner stone; trump card &c (device) 626; salient points. top sawyer, first fiddle, prima donna [Sp.], chief; triton among the minnows; 'it' [U.S.]. V. be important &c adj., be somebody, be something; import, signify, matter, boot, be an object; carry weight &c (influence) 175; make a figure &c (repute) 873; be in the ascendant, come to the front, lead the way, take the lead, play first fiddle, throw all else into the shade; lie at the root of; deserve notice, merit notice, be worthy of notice, be worthy of regard, be worthy of consideration. attach importance to, ascribe importance to, give importance to &c n.; value, care for, set store upon, set store by; mark &c 550; mark with a white stone, underline; write in italics, put in italics, print in italics, print in capitals, print in large letters, put in large type, put in letters. of gold; accentuate, emphasize, lay stress on. make a fuss about, make a fuss over, make a stir about, make a piece of work about [Fr.], make much ado about; make much ado of, make much of. Adj. important; of importance &c n.; momentous, material; to the point; not to be overlooked, not to be despised, not to be sneezed at; egregious; weighty &c (influential) 175; of note &c (repute) 873; notable, prominent, salient, signal; memorable, remarkable; unforgettable; worthy of remark, worthy of notice; never to be forgotten; stirring, eventful. grave, serious, earnest, noble, grand, solemn, impressive, commanding, imposing. urgent, pressing, critical, instant. paramount, essential, vital, all-absorbing, radical, cardinal, chief, main, prime, primary, principal, leading, capital, foremost, overruling; of vital importance &c in the front rank, first-rate; superior &c 33; considerable &c (great) 31; marked &c v.; rare &c 137. significant, telling, trenchant, emphatic, pregnant; tanti [Lat.]. Adv. materially &c adj.; in the main; above all, kat' exochin [Gr.], par excellence, to crown all, to beat all. Phr. expende Hannibalem! [Lat.] [Juvenal].

643. Unimportance — N. unimportance, insignificance, nothingness, immateriality. triviality, levity, frivolity; paltriness &c adj.; poverty; smallness &c 32; vanity &c (uselessness) 645; matter of indifference &c 866; no object. nothing, nothing to signify, nothing worth speaking of, nothing particular, nothing to boast of, nothing to speak of; small matter, no great matter, trifling matter &c adj.; mere joke, mere nothing; hardly anything; scarcely anything; nonentity, small beer, cipher; no great shakes, peu de chose [Fr.]; child's play, kinderspiel. toy, plaything, popgun, paper pellet, gimcrack, gewgaw, bauble, trinket, bagatelle, Rickshaw, knickknack, whim-wham, trifle, trifles light as air; yankee notions [U.S.]. trumpery, trash, rubbish, stuff, fatras†, frippery; leather or prunello; chaff, drug, froth bubble smoke, cobweb; weed; refuse &c (inutility) 645; scum &c (dirt) 653. joke, jest, snap of the fingers; fudge &c (unmeaning) 517; fiddlestick†, fiddlestick end†; pack of nonsense, mere farce. straw, pin, fig, button, rush; bulrush, feather, halfpenny, farthing, brass farthing, doit†, peppercorn, jot, rap, pinch of snuff, old son; cent, mill, picayune, pistareen†, red cent [U.S.]. minutiae, details, minor details, small fry; dust in the balance, feather in the scale, drop in the ocean, flea-bite, molehill. nine days' wonder, ridiculus mus [Lat.]; flash in the pan &c (impotence) 158; much ado about nothing &c (overestimation) 482. V. be unimportant &c adj.; not matter &c 642; go for nothing, matter nothing, signify nothing, matter little, matter little or nothing; not matter a straw &c n.. make light of &c (underestimate) 483; catch at straws &c (overestimate) 482. Adj. unimportant; of little account, of small account, of no account, of little importance, of no importance &c 642; immaterial; unessential, nonessential; indifferent. subordinate &c (inferior) 34; mediocre &c (average) 29; passable, fair, respectable, tolerable, commonplace; uneventful, mere, common; ordinary &c (habitual) 613; inconsiderable, so-so, insignificant, inappreciable. trifling, trivial; slight, slender, light, flimsy, frothy, idle; puerile &c (foolish) 499; airy, shallow; weak &c 160; powerless &c 158; frivolous, petty, niggling; piddling, peddling; fribble†, inane, ridiculous, farcical; finical, finikin†; fiddle-faddle, fingle-fangle†, namby-pamby, wishy-washy, milk and water. poor, paltry, pitiful; contemptible &c (contempt) 930; sorry, mean, meager, shabby, miserable, wretched, vile, scrubby, scrannel†, weedy, niggardly, scurvy, putid†, beggarly, worthless, twopennyhalfpenny, cheap, trashy, catchpenny, gimcrack, trumpery; one- horse [U.S.]. not worth the pains, not worth while, not worth mentioning, not worth speaking of, not worth a thought, not worth a curse, not worth a straw &c n.; beneath notice, unworthy of notice, beneath regard, unworthy of regard, beneath consideration, unworthy of consideration; de lana caprina [It]; vain &c (useless) 645. Adv. slightly &c adj.; rather, somewhat, pretty well, tolerably. for aught one cares. Int. no matter!, pish!, tush!, tut!, pshaw!†, pugh!, pooh, pooh-pooh!, fudge!, bosh!, humbug!, fiddlestick†, fiddlestick end!†, fiddlededee!, never mind!, n'importe! [Fr.], what signifies it, what boots it, what of it, what of that, what matter, what's the odds, a fig for', stuff!, nonsense!, stuff and nonsense, Phr. magno conatu magnas nugas [Lat.]; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle [Fr.]; it matters not, it does not signify; it is of no consequence, it is of no importance; elephantus non capit murem [Lat.]; tempete dans un verre d'eau [Fr.].

644. Utility — N. utility; usefulness &c adj.; efficacy, efficiency, adequacy; service, use, stead, avail; help &c (aid) 707; applicability &c adj.; subservience &c (instrumentality) 631; function &c (business) 625; value; worth &c (goodness) 648; money's worth; productiveness &c 168; cui bono &c (intention) 620 [Lat.]; utilization &c (use) 677; step in the right direction. common weal; commonwealth public good, public interest; utilitarianism &c (philanthropy) 910. V. be useful &c adj.; avail, serve; subserve &c (be instrumental to) 631; conduce &c (tend) 176; answer, serve one's turn, answer a purpose, serve a purpose. act a part &c (action) 680; perform a function, discharge a function &c; render a service, render good service, render yeoman's service; bestead†, stand one in good stead be the making of; help &c 707. bear fruit &c (produce) 161; bring grist to the mill; profit, remunerate; benefit &c (do good) 648. find one's account in, find one's advantage in; reap the benefit of &c (be better for) 658. render useful &c (use) 677. Adj. useful; of use &c n.; serviceable, proficuous†, good for; subservient &c (instrumental) 631; conducive &c (tending) 176; subsidiary &c (helping) 707. advantageous &c (beneficial) 648; profitable, gainful, remunerative, worth one's salt; valuable; prolific &c (productive) 168. adequate; efficient, efficacious; effective, effectual; expedient &c 646. applicable, available, ready, handy, at hand, tangible; commodious, adaptable; of all work. Adv. usefully &c adj.; pro bono publico [Lat.].

645. Inutility — N. inutility; uselessness &c adj.; inefficacy†, futility; ineptitude, inaptitude; unsubservience†; inadequacy &c (insufficiency) 640; inefficiency, &c (incompetence) 158; unskillfulness &c 699; disservice; unfruitfulness &c (unproductiveness).. 169; labor in vain, labor lost, labor of Sisyphus; lost trouble, lost labor; work of Penelope; sleeveless errand, wild goose chase, mere farce. tautology &c (repetition) 104; supererogation &c (redundancy) 641. vanitas vanitatum [Lat.], vanity, inanity, worthlessness, nugacity†; triviality &c (unimportance) 643. caput mortuum [Lat.], waste paper, dead letter; blunt tool. litter, rubbish, junk, lumber, odds and ends, cast-off clothes; button top; shoddy; rags, orts†, trash, refuse, sweepings, scourings, offscourings†, waste, rubble, debris, detritus; stubble, leavings; broken meat; dregs &c (dirt) 653; weeds, tares; rubbish heap, dust hole; rudera†, deads†. fruges consumere natus [Lat.] [Horace]. &c (drone) 683 V. be useless &c adj.; go a begging &c (redundant) 641; fail &c 732. seek after impossibilities, strive after impossibilities; use vain efforts, labor in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus, beat the air, lash the waves, battre l'eau avec un baton [Fr.], donner un coup d'epee dans l'eau [Fr.], fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an empty well, sow the sand; bay the moon; preach to the winds, speak to the winds; whistle jigs to a milestone; kick against the pricks, se battre contre des moulins [Fr.]; lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen &c (too late) 135; hold a farthing candle to the sun; cast pearls before swine &c (waste) 638; carry coals to Newcastle &c (redundancy) 641; wash a blackamoor white &c (impossible) 471. render useless &c adj.; dismantle, dismast, dismount, disqualify, disable; unrig; cripple, lame &c (injure) 659; spike guns, clip the wings; put out of gear. Adj. useless, inutile, inefficacious, futile, unavailing, bootless; inoperative &c 158; inadequate &c (insufficient) 640; inservient†, unsubservient; inept, inefficient &c (impotent) 158; of no avail &c (use) 644; ineffectual &c (failure) 732; incompetent &c (unskillful) 699; stale, flat and unprofitable; superfluous &c (redundant) 641; dispensable; thrown away &c (wasted) 638; abortive &c (immature) 674. worthless, valueless, priceless; unsalable; not worth a straw &c (trifling) 643, dear at any price. vain, empty, inane; gainless†, profitless, fruitless; unserviceable, unprofitable; ill-spent; unproductive &c 169; hors de combat [Fr.]; effete, past work &c (impaired) 659; obsolete &c (old) 124; fit for the dust hole; good for nothing; of no earthly use; not worth having, not worth powder and shot; leading to no end, uncalled for; unnecessary, unneeded. Adv. uselessly &c adj.; to little purpose, to no purpose, to little or no purpose. Int. cui bono? [Lat.]; what's the good!, Phr. actum ne agas [Lat.]; chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin [Fr.]; tanto buon che val niente [It].

646. [Specific subservience.] Expedience — N. expedience, expediency; desirableness, desirability &c adj.; fitness &c (agreement) 23; utility &c 644; propriety; opportunism; advantage. high time &c (occasion) 134. V. be expedient &c adj.; suit &c (agree) 23; befit; suit the time, befit the time, suit the season, befit the season, suit the occasion, befit the occasion. conform &c 82. Adj. expedient; desirable, advisable, acceptable; convenient; worth while, meet; fit, fitting; due, proper, eligible, seemly, becoming; befitting &c v.; opportune &c (in season) 134; in loco; suitable &c (accordant) 23; applicable &c (useful) 644. Adv. in the right place; conveniently &c adj.. Phr. operae pretium est [Lat.].

647. Inexpedience — N. inexpedience, inexpediency; undesirableness, undesirability &c adj.; discommodity†, impropriety; unfitness &c (disagreement) 24; inutility &c 645; disadvantage. V. be inexpedient &c adj.; come amiss &c (disagree) 24; embarrass &c (hinder) 706; put to inconvenience; pay too dear for one's whistle. Adj. inexpedient, undesirable; unadvisable, inadvisable; objectionable; inapt, ineligible, inadmissible, inconvenient; incommodious, discommodious†; disadvantageous; inappropriate, unfit &c (inconsonant) 24. ill-contrived, ill-advised; unsatisfactory; unprofitable &c; unsubservient &c (useless) 645; inopportune &c (unseasonable) 135; out of place, in the wrong place; improper, unseemly. clumsy, awkward; cumbrous, cumbersome; lumbering, unwieldy, hulky†; unmanageable &c (impracticable) 704; impedient &c (in the way) 706 [Obs.]. unnecessary &c (redundant) 641. Phr. it will never do.

648. [Capability of producing good. Good qualities.] Goodness — N. goodness &c adj.; excellence, merit; virtue &c 944; value, worth, price. super-excellence, supereminence; superiority &c 33; perfection &c 650; coup de maitre [Fr.]; masterpiece, chef d'ouvre [Fr.], prime, flower, cream, elite, pick, A 1, nonesuch, nonpareil, creme de la creme, flower of the flock, cock of the roost, salt of the earth; champion; prodigy. tidbit; gem, gem of the first water; bijou, precious stone, jewel, pearl, diamond, ruby, brilliant, treasure; good thing; rara avis [Lat.], one in a thousand. beneficence &c 906; good man &c 948. V. be beneficial &c adj.; produce good, do good &c 618; profit &c (be of use) 644; benefit; confer a benefit &c 618. be the making of, do a world of good, make a man of. produce a good effect; do a good turn, confer an obligation; improve &c 658. do no harm, break no bones. be good &c adj.; excel, transcend &c (be superior) 33; bear away the bell. stand the proof, stand the test; pass muster, pass an examination. challenge comparison, vie, emulate, rival. Adj. harmless, hurtless†; unobnoxious†, innocuous, innocent, inoffensive. beneficial, valuable, of value; serviceable &c (useful) 644; advantageous, edifying, profitable; salutary &c (healthful) 656. favorable; propitious &c (hope-giving) 858; fair. good, good as gold; excellent; better; superior &c 33; above par; nice, fine; genuine &c (true) 494. best, choice, select, picked, elect, recherche, rare, priceless; unparagoned†, unparalleled &c (supreme) 33; superlatively &c 33; good; bully [Slang], crackajack [Slang], giltedged; superfine, superexcellent†; of the first water; first-rate, first-class; high- wrought, exquisite, very best, crack, prime, tiptop, capital, cardinal; standard &c (perfect) 650; inimitable. admirable, estimable; praiseworthy &c (approve) 931; pleasing &c 829; couleur de rose [Fr.], precious, of great price; costly &c (dear) 814; worth its weight in gold, worth a Jew's eye; priceless, invaluable, inestimable, precious as the apple of the eye. tolerable &c (not very good) 651; up to the mark, unexceptionable, unobjectionable; satisfactory, tidy. in good condition, in fair condition; fresh; sound &c (perfect) 650. Adv. beneficially &c adj.; well &c 618. Phr. Jewels five words long [Tennyson]; long may such goodness live! [Rogers]; the luxury of doing good [Goldsmith].

649. [Capability of producing evil. Bad qualities.] Badness — N. hurtfulness &c adj.; virulence. evil doer &c 913; bane &c 663; plague spot &c (insalubrity) 657; evil star, ill wind; hoodoo; Jonah; snake in the grass, skeleton in the closet; amari aliquid [Lat.], thorn in the side. malignity; malevolence &c 907; tender mercies [Iron.]. ill-treatment, annoyance, molestation, abuse, oppression, persecution, outrage; misusage &c 679; injury &c (damage) 659; knockout drops [U.S.]. badness &c adj.; peccancy†, abomination; painfulness &c 830; pestilence &c (disease) 655; guilt &c 947; depravity &c 945. V. be hurtful &c adj.; cause evil, produce evil, inflict evil, work evil, do evil &c 619; damnify†, endamage†, hurt, harm; injure &c (damage) 659; pain &c 830. wrong, aggrieve, oppress, persecute; trample upon, tread upon, bear hard upon, put upon; overburden; weigh down, weigh heavy on; victimize; run down; molest &c 830. maltreat, abuse; ill-use, ill-treat; buffet, bruise, scratch, maul; smite &c (scourge) 972; do violence, do harm, do a mischief; stab, pierce, outrage. do mischief, make mischief; bring into trouble. destroy &c 162. Adj. hurtful, harmful, scathful†, baneful, baleful; injurious, deleterious, detrimental, noxious, pernicious, mischievous, full of mischief, mischief-making, malefic, malignant, nocuous, noisome; prejudicial; disserviceable†, disadvantageous; wide-wasting. unlucky, sinister; obnoxious; untoward, disastrous. oppressive, burdensome, onerous; malign &c (malevolent) 907. corrupting &c (corrupt) &c 659; virulent, venomous, envenomed, corrosive; poisonous &c (morbific) 657 [Obs.]; deadly &c (killing) 361; destructive &c (destroying) 162; inauspicious &c 859. bad, ill, arrant, as bad as bad can be, dreadful; horrid, horrible; dire; rank, peccant, foul, fulsome; rotten, rotten at the core. vile, base, villainous; mean &c (paltry) 643; injured &c; deteriorated &c 659; unsatisfactory, exceptionable indifferent; below par &c (imperfect) 651; illcontrived, ill-conditioned; wretched, sad, grievous, deplorable, lamentable; pitiful, pitiable, woeful &c (painful) 830. evil, wrong; depraved &c 945; shocking; reprehensible &c (disapprove) 932. hateful, hateful as a toad; abominable, detestable, execrable, cursed, accursed, confounded; damned, damnable; infernal; diabolic &c (malevolent) 907. unadvisable &c (inexpedient) 647; unprofitable &c (useless) 645; incompetent &c (unskillful) 699; irremediable &c (hopeless) 859. Adv. badly &c adj.; wrong, ill; to one's cost; where the shoe pinches. Phr. bad is the best: the worst come to the worst; herba mala presto cresco [Lat.]; wrongs unredressed or insults unavenged [Wordsworth].

650. Perfection — N. perfection; perfectness &c adj.; indefectibility†; impeccancy†, impeccability. pink, beau ideal, phenix, paragon; pink of perfection, acme of perfection; ne plus ultra [Lat.]; summit &c 210. cygne noir [Fr.]; philosopher's stone; chrysolite, Koh-i-noor. model, standard, pattern, mirror, admirable Crichton; trump, very prince of. masterpiece, superexcellence &c (goodness) 648 [Obs.]; transcendence &c (superiority) 33. V. be perfect &c adj.; transcend &c (be supreme) 33. bring to perfection, perfect, ripen, mature; complete &c 729; put in trim &c (prepare) 673; maturate. Adj. perfect, faultless; indefective†, indeficient†, indefectible; immaculate, spotless, impeccable; free from imperfection &c 651; unblemished, uninjured &c 659; sound, sound as a roach; in perfect condition; scathless†, intact, harmless; seaworthy &c (safe) 644; right as a trivet; in seipso totus teres atque rotundus [Lat.] [Horace]; consummate &c (complete) 52; finished &c 729. best &c (good) 648; model, standard; inimitable, unparagoned†, unparalleled &c (supreme) 33; superhuman, divine; beyond all praise &c (approbation) 931; sans peur et sans reproche [Fr.]. Adv. to perfection; perfectly &c adj.; ad unguem [Lat.]; clean, clean as a whistle. Phr. let us go on unto perfection [Hebrews vi, 1]; the perfection of art is to conceal art [Quintilian].

651. Imperfection — N. imperfection; imperfectness &c adj.; deficiency; inadequacy &c (insufficiency) 640; peccancy &c (badness) 649 [Obs.]; immaturity &c 674. fault, defect, weak point; screw loose; flaw &c (break) 70; gap &c 198; twist &c 243; taint, attainder; bar sinister, hole in one's coat; blemish &c 848; weakness &c 160; half blood; shortcoming &c 304; drawback; seamy side. mediocrity; no great shakes, no great catch; not much to boast of; one-horse shay. V. be imperfect &c adj.; have a defect &c n.; lie under a disadvantage; spring a leak. not pass muster, barely pass muster; fall short &c 304. Adj. imperfect; not perfect &c 650; deficient, defective; faulty, unsound, tainted; out of order, out of tune; cracked, leaky; sprung; warped &c (distort) 243; lame; injured &c (deteriorated) 659; peccant &c (bad) 649; frail &c (weak) 160; inadequate &c (insufficient) 640; crude &c (unprepared) 674; incomplete &c 53; found wanting; below par; short-handed; below its full strength, under its full strength, below its full complement. indifferent, middling, ordinary, mediocre; average &c 29; so-so; coucicouci, milk and water; tolerable, fair, passable; pretty well, pretty good; rather good, moderately good; good; good enough, well enough, adequate; decent; not bad, not amiss; inobjectionable†, unobjectionable, admissible, bearable, only better than nothing. secondary, inferior; second-rate, second-best; one-horse [U.S.]. Adv. almost &c; to a limited extent, rather &c 32; pretty, moderately, passing; only, considering, all things considered, enough. Phr. surgit amari aliquid [Lat.].

652. Cleanness — N. cleanness, cleanliness &c adj.; purity; cleaning &c v.; purification, defecation &c v.; purgation, lustration†; detersion†, abstersion†; epuration†, mundation†; ablution, lavation†, colature†; disinfection &c v.; drainage, sewerage. lavatory, laundry, washhouse†; washerwoman, laundress, dhobi†, laundryman, washerman†; scavenger, dustman†, sweep; white wings brush [U.S.]; broom, besom†, mop, rake, shovel, sieve, riddle, screen, filter; blotter. napkin, cloth, maukin†, malkin†, handkerchief, towel, sudary†; doyley†, doily, duster, sponge, mop, swab. cover, drugget†. wash, lotion, detergent, cathartic, purgative; purifier &c v.; disinfectant; aperient†; benzene, benzine benzol, benolin†; bleaching powder, chloride of lime, dentifrice, deobstruent†, laxative. V. be clean, render clean &c adj.; clean, cleanse; mundify†, rinse, wring, flush, full, wipe, mop, sponge, scour, swab, scrub, brush up. wash, lave, launder, buck; absterge†, deterge†; decrassify†; clear, purify; depurate†, despumate†, defecate; purge, expurgate, elutriate [Chem], lixiviate†, edulcorate†, clarify, refine, rack; filter, filtrate; drain, strain. disinfect, fumigate, ventilate, deodorize; whitewash; castrate, emasculate. sift, winnow, pick, weed, comb, rake, brush, sweep. rout out, clear out, sweep out &c; make a clean sweep of. Adj. clean, cleanly; pure; immaculate; spotless, stainless, taintless; trig; without a stain, unstained, unspotted, unsoiled, unsullied, untainted, uninfected; sweet, sweet as a nut. neat, spruce, tidy, trim, gimp, clean as a new penny, like a cat in pattens; cleaned &c v.; kempt†. abstergent†, cathartic, cleansing, purifying. Adv. neatly &c adj.; clean as a whistle.

653. Uncleanness — N. uncleanness &c adj.; impurity; immundity†, immundicity†; impurity &c 961 [of mind]. defilement, contamination &c v.; defoedation†; soilure†, soiliness†; abomination; leaven; taint, tainture†; fetor &c 401 [Obs.]. decay; putrescence, putrefaction; corruption; mold, must, mildew, dry rot, mucor, rubigo†. slovenry†; slovenliness &c adj.; squalor. dowdy, drab, slut, malkin†, slattern, sloven, slammerkin†, slammock†, slummock†, scrub, draggle-tail, mudlark†, dust-man, sweep; beast. dirt, filth, soil, slop; dust, cobweb, flue; smoke, soot, smudge, smut, grit, grime, raff†; sossle†, sozzle†. sordes†, dregs, grounds, lees; argol†; sediment, settlement heeltap†; dross, drossiness†; mother†, precipitate, scoriae, ashes, cinders. recrement†, slag; scum, froth. hogwash; ditchwater†, dishwater, bilgewater†; rinsings, cheeseparings; sweepings &c (useless refuse) 645; offscourings†, outscourings†; off scum; caput mortuum [Lat.], residuum, sprue, fecula [Lat.], clinker, draff†; scurf, scurfiness†; exuviae [Lat.], morphea; fur, furfur†; dandruff, tartar. riffraff; vermin, louse, flea, bug, chinch†. mud, mire, quagmire, alluvium, silt, sludge, slime, slush, slosh, sposh [U.S.]. spawn, offal, gurry [U.S.]; lientery†; garbage, carrion; excreta &c 299; slough, peccant humor, pus, matter, suppuration, lienteria†; faeces, feces, excrement, ordure, dung, crap [Vulg.], shit [Vulg.]; sewage, sewerage; muck; coprolite; guano, manure, compost. dunghill, colluvies†, mixen†, midden, bog, laystall†, sink, privy, jakes; toilet, john, head; cess†, cesspool; sump, sough, cloaca, latrines, drain, sewer, common sewer; Cloacina; dust hole. sty, pigsty, lair, den, Augean stable†, sink of corruption; slum, rookery. V. be unclean, become unclean &c adj.; rot, putrefy, ferment, fester, rankle, reek; stink &c 401; mold, molder; go bad &c adj.. render unclean &c adj.; dirt, dirty; daub, blot, blur, smudge, smutch†, soil, smoke, tarnish, slaver, spot, smear; smirch; begrease†; dabble, drabble†, draggle, daggle†; spatter, slubber; besmear &c, bemire, beslime†, begrime, befoul; splash, stain, distain†, maculate, sully, pollute, defile, debase, contaminate, taint, leaven; corrupt &c (injure) 659; cover with dust &c n.; drabble in the mud†; roil. wallow in the mire; slobber, slabber†. Adj. dirty, filthy, grimy; unclean, impure; soiled &c v.; not to be handled with kid gloves; dusty, snuffy†, smutty, sooty, smoky; thick, turbid, dreggy; slimy; mussy [U.S.]. slovenly, untidy, messy, uncleanly. [of people] unkempt, sluttish, dowdy, draggle-tailed; uncombed. unscoured†, unswept†, unwiped†, unwashed, unstrained, unpurified†; squalid; lutose†, slammocky†, slummocky†, sozzly†. nasty, coarse, foul, offensive, abominable, beastly, reeky, reechy†; fetid &c 401. [of rotting living matter] decayed, moldy, musty, mildewed, rusty, moth-eaten, mucid†, rancid, weak, bad, gone bad, etercoral†, lentiginous†, touched, fusty, effete, reasty†, rotten, corrupt, tainted, high, flyblown, maggoty; putrid, putrefactive, putrescent, putrefied; saprogenic, saprogenous†; purulent, carious, peccant; fecal, feculent; stercoraceous†, excrementitious†; scurfy, scurvy, impetiginous†; gory, bloody; rotting &c v.; rotten as a pear, rotten as cheese. crapulous &c (intemperate) 954 [Obs.]; gross &c (impure in mind) 961; fimetarious†, fimicolous†. Phr. they that touch pitch will be defiled [Much Ado About Nothing].

654. Health — N. health, sanity; soundness &c adj.; vigor; good health, perfect health, excellent health, rude health, robust health; bloom. mens sana in corpore sano [Lat.]; Hygeia†; incorruption, incorruptibility; good state of health, clean bill of health; eupepsia†; euphoria, euphory†; St. Anthony's fire†. V. be in health &c adj.. bloom, flourish. keep body and soul together, keep on one's legs; enjoy good health, enjoy a good state of health; have a clean bill of health. return to health; recover &c 660; get better &c (improve) 658; take a new lease of life, fresh lease of life; recruit; restore to health; cure &c (restore) 660; tinker. Adj. healthy, healthful; in health &c n.; well, sound, hearty, hale, fresh, green, whole; florid, flush, hardy, stanch, staunch, brave, robust, vigorous, weatherproof. unscathed, uninjured, unmaimed†, unmarred, untainted; sound of wind and limb, safe and sound. on one's legs; sound as a roach, sound as a bell; fresh as a daisy, fresh as a rose, fresh as April†; hearty as a buck; in fine feather, in high feather; in good case, in full bloom; pretty bobbish†, tolerably well, as well as can be expected. sanitary &c (health-giving) 656; sanatory &c (remedial) 662 [Obs.]. Phr. health that snuffs the morning air [Grainger]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat.] [Martial].