Chapter XII

THE ROMAN QUESTION--
I. Before 1870 235
II. Since 1870 245

List of Illustrations

1. Marble relief of the Ambarvalia Sacrifice, in the
Forum _Frontispiece_

TO FACE PAGE

2. The Forum from the Arch of Septimius Severus 4

3. The Forum, looking towards the Capitol 8

4. Temple of Saturn from the Basilica Julia in the Forum 12

5. S. Peter's and Castel Sant' Angelo from the Tiber 16

6. Temple of Saturn from the Portico of the Dii Consentes 18

7. A Corner of the Forum from the base of the Temple of
Saturn 20

8. Temple of Mars Ultor 24

9. Temple of Vespasian from the Portico of the Dii
Consentes 26

10. The Colosseum on a Spring Day 30

11. The Colosseum at Sunset 34

12. Arch of Titus 38

13. A Procession in the Catacomb of Callistus 42

14. Flavian Basilica on the Palatine 44

15. Library of the House of Domitian on the Palatine 50

16. Forum of Nerva 54

17. Fountain of Trevi 56

18. Column of Marcus Aurelius, Piazza Colonna 58

19. Pantheon, a flank view 62

20. Silversmiths' Arch in the Velabrum 64

21. Convent Garden of San Cosimato, Vicovaro 68

22. A Tract of the Claudian Aqueduct outside the City 72

23. Campagna Romana, from Tivoli 76

24. Subiaco from the Monastery of S. Benedict 78

25. Garden of the Monastery of Santa Scholastica, Subiaco 82

26. Holy Stairs at the Sagro Speco 86

27. Little Gleaner in the Campagna 90

28. Sea-horse Fountain in the Villa Borghese 94

29. Ornamental Water, Villa Borghese 98

30. Village Street at Anticoli, in the Sabine Hills 100

31. Villa d'Este, Tivoli 106

32. In Villa Borghese 110

33. The "Spanish Steps," Piazza di Spagna 114

34. At the Foot of the Spanish Steps, Piazza di Spagna, on
a Wet Day 118

35. Roman Peasant carrying Copper Water Pot 122

36. Chapel of the Passion in the Church of San Clemente 126

37. A Rustic Dwelling in the Roman Campagna 128

38. Procession with the Host at Subiaco 130

39. Girl selling Birds in the Via del Campidoglio 134

40. Entrance to Ara Coeli from the Forum 138

41. In the Church of Ara Coeli 142

42. Doorway of the Monastery of S. Benedict (Sagro Speco)
at Subiaco 146

43. Chapel of San Lorenzo Loricato at S. Benedict's, Subiaco 150

44. Steps of the Dominican Nuns' Church of SS. Domenico
and Sisto 154

45. Porta San Paolo 158

46. The Colosseum in a Storm 162

47. Arch of Titus from the Arch of Constantine 166

48. Mediaeval House at Tivoli 170

49. Ilex Avenue and Fountain (_Fontana scura_) Villa Borghese 174

50. "House of Cola di Rienzo," by Ponte Rotto 178

51. San Clemente, Choir and Tribune of Upper Church 182

52. Santa Maria in Cosmedin 186

53. Chapel of San Zeno (called _orto del paradiso_) in
S. Prassede 190

54. Cloisters of S. Paul's-without-the-Walls 192

55. Cloisters in Santa Scholastica, Subiaco 196

56. Santa Maria sopra Minerva 198

57. Saint Peter's 200

58. Interior of S. Peter's, the Bronze Statue of S. Peter 204

59. A Cardinal in Villa d'Este 208

60. Villa d'Este--Path of the Hundred Fountains 210

61. Theatre of Marcellus 212

62. Island of the Tiber--the Isola Sacra 216

63. The Steps of Ara Coeli 220

64. Steps of the Church of SS. Domenico and Sisto 224

65. Santa Maria Maggiore 230

66. Arch of Constantine 234

67. Castel and Ponte Sant' Angelo 238

68. Bronze Statue of Marcus Aurelius on the Capitol 240

69. S. Peter's from the Pincian Gardens 244

70. From the Terrace of the House of Domitian 252

_The Illustrations in this volume have been engraved by the Hentschel
Colourtype Process._

ROME