Chapter XXVIII: Conclusion

"_In every work regard the writer's End,
Since none can compass more than they intend;
And if the means be just, the conduct true,
Applause, in spite of trivial faults, is due._"

I make no claim in this volume to having written anything startlingly new, nor yet to have made any particularly valuable contribution to the history of the world; but what I have endeavoured to effect, and what I trust I have accomplished at least in part, is to put before my readers what I know to be facts concerning a very interesting country which has hitherto received but scant attention at the hands of financial writers. Bulwer Lytton has said that no author ever drew a character, consistent to human nature, but what he was forced to ascribe to it many inconsistencies. So it is with a book which purports to be a true description of a country; for in portraying its attractions one must of a necessity expose its drawbacks and deficiencies.

It must be remembered that the Republic of Salvador has yet to celebrate its centenary, being one of the youngest of the Latin-American States; but considering the different troubles and tribulations which this country--in common with all of the Latin-American Republics without exception--has gone through, the present condition of her civilization, of her arts and her commerce, is eminently encouraging. The great advance made by this State has been achieved in spite of the many obstacles which it has encountered. If the permanency of a Republic mainly depends upon the general intelligence and morality of the people constituting it, I look for a continued and even an increased prosperity for the Salvadoreans, since they are indubitably among the Central American nations the most developed and the most intellectual.

No longer subject to and borne down by an immoral and corrupt Government, and freed from the exactions of hungry office-seekers, this naturally richly-endowed little State should pursue an even and enviable road to prosperity, upon which foreigners will be heartily welcome to journey.

* * * * *

In 1895, when Mr. Joseph Chamberlain was Colonial Secretary, a circular letter was addressed to all British Consuls of the British Empire, asking for information regarding the effect of foreign competition upon British trade abroad. In the answers received, and subsequently published in the form of a bulky Blue Book, some critics professed to see much comfort; but to the minds of others, who looked more deeply into matters and judged more from what was likely to occur than what had actually happened, the future appeared gloomy in the extreme. To enact the role of Cassandra is never an agreeable nor a profitable occupation; but upon occasions it becomes necessary to sound the alarum, if only to awaken the slumberer from his too-long repose, and remind him that the world is marching onwards and ever onwards. At no time has this been more imperative than the present, when British trade and commerce, British influence and British prestige, in Central America, at one time predominant, are threatened, not alone with supersession, but with practical extinction. This is no phantom of the imagination, nor yet any unfair exaggeration of existing conditions. It is a plain and incontrovertible fact, which anyone travelling through the smaller Latin-American Republics may ascertain for himself.

The decline of British trade in these countries was clearly foreshadowed in the Blue Book above referred to; but the public, with some few exceptions, complacently closed their eyes, the Government as usual did nothing to avert the threatened evil, and the results are such as were inevitable under the circumstances. The Consular reports upon these States as they are issued (_when_ they are issued at all) tell the tale of our diminishing trade, and of the slow but sure rise of our competitors to the position of dominance which once was ours. There is little occasion to criticize the figures or to call them into question; it may, perhaps, have served some useful purpose to have examined, as I have done in these pages, into the principal causes which have helped to bring about a condition of things which is gradually going from bad to worse.

I shall be abundantly satisfied, and consider myself sufficiently recompensed for the trouble to which I have put myself and the not inconsiderable expenses which I have incurred in preparing this volume, if I can awaken some interest among my countrymen--upon the British Government I do not for an instant expect to make any impression whatever--to the critical position in which our national trade stands to-day in Latin-America generally, but in the Republic of Salvador in particular. The time has apparently gone by when British trade abroad could depend at least upon the countenance, if not always the active support, of the Ministry of the day.

In the days of William Pitt the Elder it was the proud boast of our rulers that "not a gun should be fired throughout the world without Britain knowing why"; but to-day commercial treaties of the utmost import to British merchants are entered into, new imposts which seriously threaten their existing trade are levied, and favoured-nation terms to their most dangerous commercial rivals are granted, without the Home Government knowing or caring one pin's head about it. Where are "the eyes and the ears" of the State that such things can occur, and where is the patriotism which permits of them occurring? No British Government within the past half-century has as much as inquired about the status of British trade in Latin-America, nor has it troubled its head to find out whether it flourished or failed. For the despicable purpose of currying favour with our keenest rivals in that great field--the United States--such position as we still occupy in that portion of the world is being recklessly and ignorantly sacrificed. How this crime--for crime it assuredly is--is likely to be perpetrated I have shown conclusively in the preceding pages. Let those who are accused answer to the charges--if they can or if they dare!

_July 31, 1911._

INDEX

Academy, Salvador, 41

Acajutla, 9, 51, 52, 61, 62, 64, 65, 68, 73, 93, 115, 146, 167, 197,
198, 204, 222, 223, 226, 290, 291, 293, 295, 299, 309

Administration of Justice, 18

Administrator, Post-Office, 34

Agricultural Bank, 172
machinery and implements, 107, 147, 148

Agriculture, 164, 228-243, 276, 285, 288, 291, 303
Minister of, 18, 41, 229
School of, 29
Sub-Secretary of, 18, 42, 43, 44, 47, 164

Agronomy, 230

Aguila, Eugenio, 172

Aguila, José Astua, 81, 82

Agustin, 316

Ahuachapán, 8, 9, 25, 66, 94, 141, 179, 213, 234, 247, 266, 294-296
Department of, 28, 234, 290, 294-297

Alegría, 11, 266, 313, 316

Alfaro, Prudencio, 61, 65, 67, 71

Allison Manufacturing Company, 200

Alvarado, Dr. H., 265

Alvarado, Jorge de, 249, 256

Alvarado, Pedro de, 256

Alvarez, Dr. E., 274

Amapala, Battle of, 39
Treaty of, 72, 73, 75, 77, 81, 82

Amaya, General Juan, 38, 281

Angulo, 4

Apaneca, 9, 295
volcano, 4

Aragón, Manuel, 11

Araujo, President Manuel Enrique, 15, 17, 36, 40, 43, 47, 84, 85,
114, 246, 273

Araujo, Dr. Máximo, 316

Arca, 2

Arce, General Manuel José, 14

Argentina, 129, 154, 230

Arias Celio, 39, 74

Armenia, 290

Army, 38, 64, 86-95, 224, 269
strength of, 87

Assembly, National, 15, 19, 38

Ataco, 9

Ateos, 51

Atiquizaya, 25, 294

Atuscatla, 5

Austria, 147

Avila, Dr. Artúro Ramón, 36, 45, 46, 116

Baldwin Locomotive Works, 199

Balsalobre, Rev. Dr. E. M., 178

Balsam, 108, 147, 216, 229, 241-243, 288, 290

Banco Agrícola, 172-174
Occidental, 172
Salvadoréño, 46, 176

Bank, London, of Mexico, 50
London and South-Western, 51, 53
Mortgage, 177
Nicaragua, 177

Banks, 46, 50, 51, 53, 167, 170-177

Bará, General Enrique, 23

Barahona, 65

Barberena, Dr. S. I., 265

Baron, Dr. Gustavo, 18, 42, 271

Barracks, 87, 88, 92-95, 257, 274

Barrancas de Jucuapa, 12

Barrios, General Gerardo, 38, 274, 275

Barrios, General Justo Rufino, 15, 39

Beans, 229, 240, 248, 276, 316

Bedoya, ix

Beers and liquors, 158

Berlin, 11, 316

Bertand, President Dr., 84

Bills of exchange, 167, 168, 170, 171

Bloom, David, and Co., 172, 177

Board of Trade, British, 44, 125, 164

Bocanegra, Angel M., 81, 82

Bogen, Herr, 153

Bolivia, 131, 132, 161

Boots and shoes, 107

Bracamonte, Don Eusebio, 18, 36, 42

Bracamonte, General, 38

Brazil, 154, 235, 236, 240

Breweries, 158

Bridges, 12, 198

British Consul, 99-101, 105, 110-112, 129, 319
diplomacy, 120-126, 128, 129
Foreign Office, 96, 100, 101, 105, 122-124
Government, 98
investments, 160
Legation, 128
manufacturers, 138, 139, 141
Minister, 98, 139
retail houses, 137
trade, 98, 99, 105, 123, 125, 127, 129, 162, 164, 318, 319
tradesmen, 168, 169

Brown, Jansen, and Co., 51

Bryce, Right Hon. James, 123-126

Buerón, J. L., 10

Buerón, Juan, 11

Bureau, Information, 44

Bustamente, Dr. Cecilio, 18, 36, 41

Butters Mines, 187-195

Cabañas, Department of, 12, 28, 247, 276, 278, 282-284, 306

Cabinet, 18, 36, 42, 45

Cables, 32, 226, 227

Cacaguatique, 306

Cacao, 239, 240, 291, 308

Cafés, 158

California, 316

Campbell, C. S., 105

Canned goods, 150

Cárcamo, General Téofilo, 79

Carden, Lionel E. G., 97, 139

Carden, Mrs., 98

Carden, Rev. Lionel, 97

Casino Salvadoreño, 273, 274

Castro, R., Dr. Don Manuel, 18, 36, 41

Castro, V., Dr. Don José Antonio, 18, 36, 42

Cathedral, 257, 259

Cattle and hides, 108, 230, 231, 286, 295, 303

Central America, 13, 14, 32
United, 14
American Federation, 14, 50, 67
Peace Conference, 33
Penitenciaria, 21

Cereals, 229, 285, 291, 295

Chalatenango, 9, 11, 28, 266, 277, 278
Department of, 12, 28, 247, 248, 276-278, 287, 297

Chalchuapa, 25, 39, 179, 294, 295, 297

Chamber of Commerce (Salvador), 43, 47, 164

Chapeltique, 306

Charities, 17, 265-267, 284

Chatham, Earl of, 38

Cheese, 277, 286

Chemists, 157

Chief Magistrates, 16

Chile, 161, 202

Chilian Mission, 88

Chinameca, 9, 306, 307
volcano, 4

Choussy, Félix, 230

Churches, vii, viii, 150, 283, 308

Cierra, General, 69

Cigars and cigarettes, 158, 236, 279, 291

Citalá, 11, 276

Civil Code, 229

Clubs, 88

Clum, Harold D., 44

Coatepeque, 297

Cocoa machinery, 156

Cocoanuts, 291

Coffee, 108, 152, 216, 217, 219, 225, 229, 234, 235, 248, 285, 288,
290, 295, 302, 307, 311, 315
estates, 302-304, 308, 316
machinery, 150, 156

Cojutepeque, 9, 19, 25, 94, 179, 213, 236, 278
Lake, 280

Colleges, 28, 29

Colón, 226

Colombia, 210

Columbus, Christopher, 1

Commander-in-Chief, 16

Commerce, Chamber of (Salvador), 43, 47

Commercial travellers, 136, 141, 156, 157
treaties, 109, 112, 124, 126, 127, 320

Commission, Mexican, 97

Commissioners, rural, 229

Commons, House of, 38

Conchagua volcano, 4

Conference, Central American Peace, 33, 118, 119
Hague, 46

Conflagrations, 150, 151

Congress, National, 16, 18, 33, 34, 47, 53
Spanish-American, 46

Constitution, 15, 38, 259, 281

Constitutional Convention, 14

Consular invoices, 167
regulations, 101-105
reports, 98-100

Consul, British, 99-101, 105, 110-112, 129, 319
-General, Salvador, 45
United States, 44
Liverpool, 48

Consuls, Salvadorean, 102-105
United States, 112

Conventions, 14, 30

Cordilleras, 2

Corinto, 65, 68, 73

Corn, 240, 248, 276, 282, 288, 311

Coronation of H.M. George V., mission to, 46, 47

Corpeño, J. Dols, 177

Corranza, Dr. don Teodosio, 18, 36, 41

Cosieguina volcano, 4

Costa Rica, 14, 49, 50, 80, 98, 136, 140, 143, 152, 161, 179, 189,
212, 214, 223, 226, 249

Cost of living, 261, 262, 313

Costume, native, 244

Cotton, 107, 146, 216, 229, 232, 244, 291, 295
goods, 134
manufactures, 162
mills, 163

Council of Foreign Bondholders, 54, 55
of Health, 18, 270

Courtade, John B., 219

Court of Justice, Central America, 74, 70, 79-83

Courts, Circuit, 19
District, 19
Minor, 19
Supreme, 19, 257

Credit system, 166, 169-171

Criminal Law, 19

Cristales, General, 69

Cuba, 97, 121, 154, 237

Cuscatlán, Department of, 28, 234, 247, 248, 256, 276, 278, 279,
281, 282, 287, 300

Customs, 50, 51, 54, 58, 59, 166-169, 210, 224
duties, 159
Union, 123

Cyanide process, 187-195

Dardano, Donna Térésa, 47

Dávila, President, 74, 78, 79

Dawson, Samuel C., 178

Debt, Foreign, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55
Public, 57

Decree, Government, 70

Deficit, 59, 60

Deininger, Fédor, 153, 225

Delgado, Dr. Manuel, 73

Departments, 15, 16, 28, 235, 247, 271
Police, 25

Deputies, 15
National Chamber of, 15

Designates, Presidential, 38

Diaz, Porfirio, 75

Diaz, Señora J. B. de. 236, 280

Diplomacy, British, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129

Director-General of Police, 23

Discovery of Salvador, 1

Diseases, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272

Distilleries, 276, 289

District Courts, 19

Divisadero Mines, 193

Dolores, 282

Domestic life, 244, 245
servants, 261, 262, 263

Dreadnoughts, 128

Drews, F., 172

Drugs and medicines, 107, 157

Dueñas, Dr. Don Francisco, 18, 36, 40, 47

Dueñas, Don Miguel, 18, 36, 42, 47, 164

Dueñas, President Dr., 38

Duke, Mauricio, 172

Duke, J. Mauricio, 172

Dunlop, R. C., 182, 183

Earthquakes, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255

Ecuador, 115, 161

Education, 27, 28, 29, 30, 230, 272, 314, 315
Board of, 26
Free, 26
Minister of, 26, 42, 266

Educational establishments, 264, 265

Elections, 17

Electric light, 32

_El Diario de Salvador_, 70

El Tigre, 4

El Triunfo, 11, 167, 226, 316

El Viego volcano, 4

Ereguaiquín, 315

Eruptions, 5, 7

Escalón, Pedro José, 15

Escobar, Francisco, 265

Estanzuelas, 315

Esteves, Captain A., 224

Estrada, General, 68

Europe, 21, 29

Exchange, 169, 170, 172, 209, 210

Executive, 15, 16

Expenditures, 30, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60
War and Marine, 95

Export trade, 133

Exports and imports, 58, 59, 105, 106, 107, 108, 144, 162

Ezeta, General Carlos, 15, 40

Fairs, 278, 279, 282, 307

Fawcett, Preston and Co, Ltd., 153, 155

Federal Republic, 14

Federation, Central American, 14, 67, 301, 310

Felica volcano, 4

Figueroa, General Fernando, 4, 8, 15, 17, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 61,
62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 73, 78, 79, 87, 142, 151, 281

Filibusters, North American, vi, 61

Filisola, General, 13

Filter Butters, 190-194

Finance, Minister of, 18, 117
Sub-Secretary of, 18, 43

Finances, 49
railway, 55

Fire apparatus, 150, 151
brigade, 151

Fish, 312, 313

Flour, 107

Fonseca, Bay of, 1, 2, 3, 9, 286, 309, 311, 312

Forces, 16

Foreign Affairs, Minister of, 18, 76, 112
Sub-Secretary of, 18, 41

Foreigners, 284, 313

Foreign loans, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 115

Foreign Office, British, 96, 100, 101, 105, 122, 123, 124

Foreign trade, 106

France, 104, 105, 107, 108, 135, 146, 147, 151

Free Trade, 123, 132, 133

French trade, 146

Fruits, 285, 291, 295, 299, 307, 311

Gainza, ix

Gallegos, Salvador, 81, 82

García, Dr. A., 265

Gavidia, Francisco, 265

Geology, 181, 183

German trade, 108, 109, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
137-139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 152, 153, 162, 168

Germany, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 144, 147

González, Dr. D., 265

González, Dr. Rodolfo B., 271

González, Marshal Santiago, 38, 39

Goods, British, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139

Goodyear, Professor, 7

Gordon, John, and Co., 152, 156

Gotera, 310, 311

Government, 14, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26, 32
British, 98

Governors, 16

Great Britain, 31

Grey, Sir Edward, Bart., 100, 105

Guarumál, 9

Guascorán River, 8

Guatemala, viii, 4, 5, 14, 15, 30, 38, 48, 50, 67, 74, 80, 81, 82,
83, 96, 97, 98, 119, 121, 129, 131, 138, 140, 143, 145, 152,
161, 172, 179, 180, 202, 212, 214, 218, 245, 248, 249, 295,
297

Guatemala, kingdom of, viii

Guerrero, Dr. G. G., 47

Guirola, Don Angel, 289

Guirola D., Don Rafael, 18, 36, 40, 41, 172

Guthrie, C. S. S., 164

Gutierrez, General Rafael, 15

Guzmán, Dr. D. J., 265

Hague Conference, 46

Hamburg, 147, 168, 170, 219

Hardware, 135, 145

Harlan, Hollingsworth Company, 200

Havana, 10, 97

Havre, 219

Health, Council of, 18, 270

Heimké, Major W., 116, 117

Heimké, Mrs., 117

Hemmeler Guillermo, 176

Henequén, 229

Hernandes, General Gregorio, 24

Hidalgo, 13

High Court of Justice, 42

Hill, Lieutenant, 5

Hinds, John W., 203

Hispaniola, 1

Hogs, 231

Honduras, 3, 14, 38, 49, 50, 61, 62, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 96, 97, 98, 118, 119, 121, 129,
161, 170, 172, 179, 181, 212, 214, 276, 282, 295, 297, 306,
310, 311

Honduras, war with, 38, 39, 40, 74

Hooper, A. H., 226, 227

Hospicio Guirola, 289

Hospitality, native, 273, 284

Hospitals, 17, 265-268, 269, 271, 272, 289

Hotels, 6, 236, 261, 280, 291, 293

House of Commons, 38

Hydrographic Office, U.S.A., 287

Ilobasco city, 282
volcano, 279

Ilopango, Lake, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 280, 300

Implements, Agricultural, 107, 147, 148

Imports and Exports, 58, 59, 105, 106, 107, 108, 144, 162, 163

Independence, 13, 249

India, 154

Industry (Fomento), Minister of, 18
Sub-Secretary, 18

Information Bureau, 44

Instruction, Military, 87, 88, 89
Minister of, 18, 26
Public, 18, 26
Sub-Secretary, 18, 26, 42

Intercontinental Railway Commission, 212

Interior, Minister of, 18, 23

Interior, Sub-Secretary, 18

Investments, United States, 159, 160, 161
British, 160

Indigo, 108, 232, 233, 237, 282, 283, 285, 288, 302, 307

Iron and Steel Trades, 135

Italy, 147

Iturbide, Agustin VIII., 13, 14

Izalco City, 290
District, 230
volcano, 4, 248

Jamaica, 235, 240, 242

Jerez, 30

Jerusalén, 305

Jibóa, River, 5, 8

Jiquilisco, Bay of, 232, 313, 315

Jocoró, 9

Jucuapa, 9, 12, 36, 313, 315
volcano, 315

Judice, Miguel, 172

Judicial, 15

Justice, Administration of, 18

Justice and Beneficence, Minister of, 18
Sub-Secretary of, 18, 42

Justices, 19

Junta, Provisional, viii, ix

Jutiapa, 282

Keilbauer, René, 213, 214

Keith, Minor C., 214, 215

Kelly, Mark Jamestown, 45, 51, 53 114, 115, 116, 151, 164, 201,
203, 207, 211

Kinnon, Lieutenant, 287

Knox, Philander, 122, 126

Kosmos Company, 219

Labour, 311

La Ceiba, 51, 304

Lagos, Ingeniero José Maria Peralta, 18, 36, 42

Laguna Finca, 153

La Libertad, 1, 9, 11, 28, 32, 58, 146, 167, 220, 223-227, 232, 234,
248, 271, 276, 287-290, 297, 300

Lamport and Holt, 219

Lancaster C. and W. Co., 200

Land Law, 228, 229

La Paz, Department of, 28, 234, 247, 248, 278, 284, 287, 300, 301, 305

Latin-American trade, 120

Latin Republics, v, vii, viii, x

La Unión, 8, 9, 24, 25, 28, 58, 69, 167, 202, 213, 216-220, 226,
266, 286, 309, 311

La Unión Department, 12, 28, 306, 311-313

Law, Criminal, 19

Lazarettos, 270

Lefferts, Miss Anne E., 98

Lefferts, John, 98

Legal procedure, 19

Legation, British, 97, 128
United States, 16, 117, 127

Legislative, 15

Leiva, Nicolás, 48

Leiva, General Ponciano, 39, 74

Lempa River, 3, 11, 232, 276, 314

Leyland Line, 219

Liberals, viii, ix

Limón, Port of, 136

Linares, 11

Liquors and beers, 158, 159

Liverpool Consul for Salvador, 48

Llanos, Colonel Armando, 88

Loans, foreign, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 115

London, 168, 170

Lopez, Dr. Fernando, 38

Lumber, 108

Machinery, 135, 151
agricultural, 107, 147, 148
mining, 182, 189, 190

Madriz, José, 81, 82

Maida, ix

Maize, 229, 232, 240, 316

Manufacturers, British, 138, 139, 141
native, 163, 276, 277, 285, 291, 307, 311, 312

Marine, War and, 18

Markets, 292, 299

Marriages, 27

Martin, Ernesto, 81, 82

Mason, Marcus, and Co., 152

Mathies, C. G., 176

Maximilian, 10

Medical College, 28

Medicines and drugs, 107, 157

Medina, General, 39, 74

Mejía, Federico, 117

Melendez, Carlos, 38

Mencia, Manuel Lopez, 56

Menéndez, General F., 15, 39

Mercedes, 12

Mercenaries, United States, vi

Mercury, 295

Metapán, 9, 11, 297, 299

Mexican Commission, 97

Mexico, vi, viii, ix, 4, 10, 13, 21, 30, 50, 62, 75, 97, 116, 132,
143, 160, 161, 231, 236, 245, 278

Michaelson, Fédor, 226, 227

Militia, 38

Miller, J. Imbrie, 287

Mine production, 186

Miners, native, 184, 195

Mines in operation, 185

Mining, 9, 181-195

Minister of Education, 26, 42, 266
of Finance, 18, 117
of War, 86

Ministry, 18

Minor courts, 19

Miranda, General, 74

Mission to Coronation, H.M. George V., 46, 47

Momotombo volcano, 4

Monarchy, Spanish, vii, viii

Moncagua, 306

Monroe Doctrine, 130

Monuments, public, 274, 275

Morales, Don Agustin, 127

Morazán Department, 28, 247, 306, 310, 311

Morazán, General Francisco, 14, 15, 275, 310

Morelia, 13

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 161

Mortality, 268

Mortgage Bank, 177

Municipalities, 16, 17

Municipal Treasury, 18

Nahuizalco, 290

National Assembly, 15, 19, 38

National Bank, 172, 174, 175, 176

National Chamber of Deputies, 15
Congress, 33, 44, 47, 53

National Institute, 265
Library, 265
Palace, 274
Theatre, 151, 257, 260, 261, 263, 264, 274

National University, 22, 30, 42, 45, 265

Native manufacturers, 163, 276, 277
types, 244

New San Salvador (Santa Tecla), 9, 25, 46, 93

New York, 168, 170

Nicaragua, 4, 14, 15, 50, 61, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 96,
140, 172, 179, 180, 212, 214, 249
war with, 40

Nicaraguan Navy, 73

North American Filibusters, vi, 61

Occidental Bank, 172

Olocuilta, 300

Opico, 9, 287

Opposition, Spanish, vi

Otaco, 295

Ottley, Miss Lucy, 97

Ozatlán, 315

Pacas, Dr. José Rosa, 117

Pacific Mail Steamship Company, 129
Steamship Navigation Company, 218, 219

Palacio Nacional, 277

Palmer, Frederick, 163

Palomo, Tomás, G., 268

Pamphlets in Spanish, 147

Panama, 136, 172, 223, 226
Canal, 159
Railroad, 136

Pan-American Bureau, 113
Railway, 136, 214

Parcels Post, 31

Parks, public, 258, 259, 283, 289

Parras Lempa, 35

Pasaquina, Battle of, 39

Paz, River, 1, 8

Peace Conference, Central American, 33, 118, 119, 214

Peasants, 243-246

Penitenciaria, Central, 21
Santa Ana, 22

Peralta, Don José Maria, 36

Peralta, Señorita Maria, 36

Perú, 4, 21, 131, 132, 202

Pharmacy Law, 157

Pinto, Alberto, 12

Pinto, Miguel, 178

Pitt, William, 38

Planters and trade, 209, 210

Police, 18, 23-25

Police, Director-General of, 23
superior officers, 23

Polytechnic, 88-90

Population, 2, 4, 217, 224, 244, 246, 257, 277, 279, 283, 289,
295, 301, 309, 311, 314, 315, 316

Portillo, A. R., 177

Port Limón, 136

Ports, 11, 32, 216, 226, 271

Postal Administrator, 35
agencies, 35
Convention, 31
service, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35

Poste Restante, 34

Post Office, 18, 30, 33-35
British, 33

Posts, Department of, 30

Potatoes, 240

Potteries, 277

Poultry, 231

Poverty, absence of, 277

Presa General, 69

Presidential Designate, 38

President M. E. Araujo, 15, 17, 36, 40, 43, 47, 84, 85, 114, 246, 273

Presidents, 14-17

Press, 177-180, 227
Association, Central American, 179

Prieto, Don Carlos G., 18, 36, 43

Printing establishment, 18

Prisons, 20

Procedure, legal, 19

Proclamation to people, 62-63

Progreso, El, 290

Prosperity, general, 277, 295, 296, 299

Protection, 132

Provisional Junta, viii, ix

Public Credit, minister of, 18
Sub-Secretary, 18

Public Debt, 57

Public Instruction, Minister of, 18, 26
Sub-Secretary of, 18, 26, 42
Parks, 258, 259, 283, 289
Works, Sub-Secretary of, 42

Puerto Cortes, 68

Quezaltepeque, 287
volcano, 288

Quinóñez, Dr. A., 265

Quirós, Guillermo, 11

Race, Spanish, v

Railways, new, 212-215, 286, 287, 309

Railway subsidy, 52, 54
finance, 55

Regoládo, General Tomás, 15, 67

Religion, 28, 259

Religious instruction, 28

Republic, Federal, 14

Republics, Latin, v, vii, viii, x

Restaurants, 158

Revenue and expenditure, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 69, 236, 237

Revolution, 63
French, viii

Rice, 108, 229, 248, 276, 282, 288

Rice machinery, 156

Rivas, Manuel, 61, 63, 64

Rivas, R. Mayorga, 177

Roads, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 299, 303, 304

Roman Catholics, 259

Roosevelt, President, 117, 118, 121

Rosales, Don José, 266

Rozenraad, C., 164

Rubber, 108, 229, 238, 239

Rum, 236

Sabana Grande, 39

Sailing vessels, 109

Salina Cruz, 204, 205, 226, 227

Salvador Chamber of Commerce (London), 115
invasion of, 61-64
Railway, 9, 35, 50, 52, 54, 61, 114, 115, 136, 164, 196-215, 223,
225, 299, 310

_Salvador_, ss., 201, 204-206, 225

Sanatoriums, 267, 268

San Alejo, 311

San Buena Ventura, 315

San Carlos, 310

San Francisco, 276

San Ignacio, 276

San Isidro, 282

San Jacinto, 6

San José, 136

San Miguel, 9, 19, 24, 25, 34, 45, 94, 176, 179, 202, 213, 232,
266, 286, 306, 309, 310
Department of, 12, 247, 282, 284, 287, 306-310, 311, 313
River, 3, 232
volcano, 4

San Pedro, 378
Mazahuat, 300, 305
Nonualco, 270, 300, 304

San Rafael, 276, 278, 301

San Salvador (capital), 9, 21, 24, 26, 28, 32, 51, 52, 141, 150-152,
176, 197, 198, 225, 249-270, 273, 274, 286, 309
Department of, 28, 234, 247, 248, 276, 278, 287, 300
volcano, 4, 248, 281

San Vicente volcano, 4

Santa Ana, 9, 11, 19, 24, 25, 28, 32, 34, 51, 52, 64, 90, 93, 95,
141, 176, 179, 197, 198, 202, 213, 215, 266, 297-299
Barbara, 39
Department of, 12, 28, 234, 247, 270, 276, 287-290, 294, 297-299
Penitenciaria, 22
volcano, 3, 4, 281

Santa Elena, 313, 315

Santa Maria Ostuma, 304

Santa Rosa, 9, 311

Santa Tecla (Nueva San Salvador), 9, 25, 46, 93, 179, 225, 257,
266, 287, 289, 289,290

Santiago de María, 11
Nonualco, 300

San Vicente, 9, 25, 28, 38, 213, 256, 266, 286, 309
Department, 29, 39, 40, 234, 240, 245, 247, 278, 300, 301, 313

Sapotitan, 288

Scenery, 1

Scherzer, A. Z., 51

Schlensz, R., 176

School for Sergeants and Corporals, 88

School of Agriculture, 29

Schools, 27, 28, 29, 283, 314

Schwerin, H. T., 129

Secretaries of State, 18

Secretary of State (British), 99, 100, 105

Sensunapán River, 291

Sensuntepeque, 9, 141, 279, 292, 283

Service, Postal, 30, 31

Sesorí, 306

Sheep, 230, 231

Sherrill, Charles H., 127

Shippers, advice to, 44

Shipping, 109, 129, 146, 167, 216, 218, 219, 220

Siege, state of, 69

Sitio del Niño, 9, 35, 51, 93, 197, 198

Smallpox, 270

Smoked meat, 158
fish, 158

Social customs, 158

Sociedad, 310

Societies, 264

Sonsonate, 3, 9, 24, 25, 28, 34, 51, 58, 61, 66, 141, 179, 197,
198, 230, 266, 290-294, 295, 297
Department of, 28, 234, 240, 245, 247, 288, 290, 294, 297

Soriano, Andres, 11

Spain, v, vi, vii, viii, 1, 13, 147
war with, v, vii

Spanish-American University, 37
Congress, 46
oppression, vii
race, v

Spencer, C. T. S., 200, 201, 212, 310

Sport, 231

Squier, E. G., 127

State, Ministers of, 18
of siege, 69
Sub-Secretaries of, 18

Statistics, Trade, 105, 106, 107, 108

Steamships, 109, 129, 216, 218, 219, 220

Stewart, Charles, 202

Sub-Secretaries of State, 18

Subsidy, railway, 52, 54

Suchitote, 279

Sugar, 108, 225, 229, 232, 235, 236, 248, 285, 288, 295, 307, 311, 316
machinery, 150, 152-155, 235

Superior officers of police, 23

Supreme Court, 18

Surgical College, 29

Swan, Hunter, and Co., 204, 205

Symons, G. T., 203

Tabanco, 181

Taxation, 236

Teaching staff, 28

Tecapa, 9
volcano, 4

Tecapán, 316

Tehuantepec Railway, 136, 204, 205, 206

Tejutepeque, 282

Tejutla, 276

Telegraph and telephones, 18, 31, 297

Telegraphy, wireless, 32

Téllez, J. M. L., 177

Temperatures, 250, 256

Teotepeque, 287

Texistepeque, 297

Textiles, 134, 145, 162

Theatre, National, 151, 257, 260, 261, 263, 264

Theatres, 291

Timber, 240, 241, 285, 288, 291, 307, 312

Tobacco, 108, 158, 236, 237, 238, 248, 279, 280, 285, 295, 316

Toledo, General Salvador, 68

Tonacatepeque, 9

Trade, British, 98, 99, 105, 123, 125, 127, 129
foreign, 106
German, 108, 109
Latin-American, 120
statistics, 105, 106, 107, 108

Trading companies, 137, 138

Tramways, 160

Transportation, 196-215

Treasury, Municipal, 18

Treaties of commerce, 109, 112, 124, 126, 127, 320

Triana, S. Perez, 46

Triunfo, 11, 167, 226, 316

Troops, 86, 87, 88

Tuberculosis, 267, 268

Types, native, 244, 245

Ucléo, Alberto, 81, 82

Uluazapa, 306

United Fruit Company, 214, 218
Central America, 14

United States vi, 5, 10, 20, 21, 23, 27, 29, 44, 62, 75, 96, 103,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 117, 122, 123,
124, 126, 127, 128, 144, 145, 151, 158, 159
capital, 159, 160, 161
Consul-General, 44, 116
Consuls, 112
Legation, 116, 117, 127
mercenaries, vi
steel, 135, 136
trade, 145, 146, 147

Universities, 28, 29, 314

University, National, 29, 30, 42, 45
Spanish-American, 37

Uriate, Juan R., 178

Uruguay, 230

Usulután City, 213, 301, 314, 315
Department of, 12, 25, 247, 284, 306, 313-316
volcano, 4

Vaccination, direction of, 18, 270, 271

Valladolid, 13

Vice-Presidents, 16

Viceroys, Spanish, vii, viii

Victoria, 282

Vischer, Alfred, 87

Volcanoes, 1, 2, 4, 248, 251, 252, 256, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285,
288, 294, 297, 298, 304, 307, 311, 313

Walsh, George S., 203

War and Marine Sub-Secretary, 18
with Spain, v, vii

Weavers, native, 163

Wheat, 229, 240, 276

Wines and spirits, 158, 159

Wireless telegraphy, 32

Woods, precious, 240, 241

Woollens, 145, 163, 295

Xatruch, General, 74

Yams, 240

Yarns, 135

Yellow Fever, 272

Yúdice, Dr. Federico, 272

Zacapa, 30, 215

Zacatceoluca, 9, 25, 223, 266, 300, 301, 303, 304
volcano, 4

Zaldívar, Dr. Rafael, 39, 46

Zapote Barracks, 88, 92, 274

Zaragosa, 225

Zelaya, General José Santos, 14, 15, 56, 61, 62, 67, 68, 71, 72,
73, 74, 78, 79

BILLING AND SONS LTD. PRINTERS, GUILDFORD

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed.

The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs, thus the page number of the illustration might not match the page number in the List of Illustrations.

Mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where the missing quote should be placed.

The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

Pages 55, 57, 149: The numbers in the tables do not add up correctly as written.

The two photographs that appear between pages 96 and 97 have been moved to page 78 to match the table of contents.